Airs above the ground
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The airs above the ground or school jumps are a series of higher-level, Haute école, classical dressage movements in which the horse leaves the ground. They include the capriole, the courbette, the me
Levade by Claus von Stauffenberg, German Cavalry School in Hannover
Courbette
Croupade
Ballotade
Piaffe
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The piaffe is a dressage movement where the horse is in a highly collected and cadenced trot, in place or nearly in place. When performed properly, the center of gravity of the horse is towards the hi
Airs above the ground
…of strength, and are the product of correct training, rather than resistance from the horse. The horse is asked to enter the pesade or levade from the piaffe, which asks the horse to increasingly engage its hindquarters, lowering them toward the ground and bringing the hind legs more toward its center of…
Chief Rider Meixner on Neapolitano Bona