Aistulf
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Aistulf was the Duke of Friuli from 744, King of the Lombards from 749, and Duke of Spoleto from 751. His reign was characterized by ruthless and ambitious efforts to conquer Roman territory to the ex
A follis of Aistulf
Pepin the Short
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Pepin the Short was King of the Franks from 751 until his death in 768. He was the first Carolingian to become king.
Aistulf
…himself king of the Romans, and exacted tribute from the Roman duchy, which led Pope Stephen II to seek protection beyond the Alps. The Frankish king Pepin the Short answered the pontiff's call, besieged Pavia in 755, and extracted a treaty restoring the occupied territories; Aistulf repudiated it the moment the…
Pepin the Younger, miniature, Anonymi chronica imperatorum, c. 1112–1114
Coronation in 751 of Pepin by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz
Arab and Berber Muslim troops retreating from Narbonne after the Frankish conquest of Septimania in 759. Illustration by Émile Bayard, 1880.
Allegoric depiction of Pepin