Al-Zafir
Videos
Abū Manṣūr Ismāʿīl ibn al-Ḥāfiẓ, better known by his regnal name al-Ẓāfir bi-Amr Allāh or al-Ẓāfir bi-Aʿdāʾ Allāh, was the twelfth Fatimid caliph, reigning in Egypt from 1149 to 1154, and the 22nd ima
Caliph al-Zafir in conversation with a nobleman (Caliph enthroned). Hafiz-i Abru's Majma al-Tawarikh (The Assembly of History). Timurid Persia, Herat, circa 1425
Usama ibn Munqidh
Videos
Majd ad-Dīn Usāma ibn Murshid ibn ʿAlī ibn Munqidh al-Kināni al-Kalbī or Ibn Munqidh was a medieval Arab Muslim poet, author, faris, and diplomat from the Banu Munqidh dynasty of Shaizar in northern S
Al-Zafir
…severed head back to Cairo as a token of victory. Unsurprisingly, the relationship between caliph and vizier remained extremely hostile: according to Usama ibn Munqidh, the two despised each other, with the Caliph conspiring to kill Ibn al-Sallar, and the latter seeking to depose the Caliph. The mutual hatred of both…
The fortress of Shaizar.
Mount Qasiyun in Damascus, where Usama was buried.