1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
David Bowie
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David Robert Jones, known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer, songwriter and actor. He was a figure in music for over five decades, regarded by critics and musicians as an innovator. His career was marked by reinvention and visual presentation, his music, during his lifetime, his record sales, estimated at 140 million worldwide, made him one of the worlds best-selling music artists. In the UK, he was awarded nine platinum album certifications, eleven gold and eight silver, in the US, he received five platinum and seven gold certifications. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996, born in Brixton, South London, Bowie developed an interest in music as a child, eventually studying art, music and design before embarking on a professional career as a musician in 1963. Space Oddity became his first top-five entry on the UK Singles Chart after its release in July 1969, after a period of experimentation, he re-emerged in 1972 during the glam rock era with his flamboyant and androgynous alter ego Ziggy Stardust. The character was spearheaded by the success of his single Starman and album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust and the Spiders from Mars, in 1976, Bowie starred in the cult film The Man Who Fell to Earth and released Station to Station. Heroes and Lodger followed, each reached the UK top five. He then reached his peak in 1983 with Lets Dance. Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Bowie continued to experiment with styles, including industrial. He stopped concert touring after 2004, and his last live performance was at a charity event in 2006, in 2013, Bowie returned from a decade-long recording hiatus with the release of The Next Day. He remained musically active until he died of cancer two days after the release of his final album, Blackstar. David Robert Jones was born on 8 January 1947, in Brixton, south London and his mother, Margaret Mary Peggy, was born in Kent, and had Irish ancestry, she worked as a waitress. His father, Haywood Stenton John Jones, from Yorkshire, was an officer for the childrens charity Barnardos. The family lived at 40 Stansfield Road, near the border of the south London areas of Brixton, Bowie attended Stockwell Infants School until he was six years old, acquiring a reputation as a gifted and single-minded child—and a defiant brawler. In 1953, Bowie moved with his family to the suburb of Bromley and his voice was considered adequate by the school choir, and he demonstrated above-average abilities in playing the recorder. Upon listening to Little Richards song Tutti Frutti, Bowie would later say, presleys impact on him was likewise emphatic, I saw a cousin of mine dance to. Hound Dog and I had never seen her get up and be moved so much by anything and it really impressed me, the power of the music
3.
Trident Studios
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Trident Studios was a British recording facility, located at 17 St. Annes Court in Londons Soho district between 1968 and 1981. It was constructed in 1967 by Norman Sheffield, a drummer of former 1960s group the Hunters, rick Wakeman was the in-house session keyboard player at the time and can be heard on many recordings, including Bowies songs Life on Mars. and Changes. The Sheffield brothers had a relaxed working attitude, but also emphasised high standards of audio engineering, the studios state-of-the-art recording equipment helped attract many major artists to record there. In mid-1968, Trident Studios were among the first in the UK to use Dolby noise reduction, while Abbey Road Studios still only used four-track at the time, Tridents Ampex eight-track machine drew the Beatles on 31 July 1968 to record their single Hey Jude. The White Album tracks Dear Prudence, Honey Pie, Savoy Truffle and Martha My Dear were also recorded there, and on 22 February 1969, John Lennon and Yoko Ono later returned with the Plastic Ono Band to record Cold Turkey featuring Eric Clapton on lead guitar. Many Apple Records artists used Trident Studios, including Badfinger, Billy Preston, Mary Hopkin, part of George Harrisons triple album All Things Must Pass, containing the hit My Sweet Lord, and Ringo Starrs It Dont Come Easy, were also recorded there. Harry Nilsson recorded Without You at Trident, and portions of several of his 1970s albums, the history of the Sheffield brothers and Trident Studios is also linked to the early discovery and success of the band Queen. In 1972, Trident Studios started two production companies, one of which initially signed three artists, Mark Ashton, Eugene Wallace and Queen. The agreements with the artists were for recording and publishing, but Queen had no management, Trident initially reluctant, eventually agreed and Queen signed an agreement with Trident Recording, Publishing and Management, on 1 November 1972. After the album was completed the Sheffield brothers had great difficulty finding a company to take on the album. Trident subsequently released Queen II, Sheer Heart Attack and A Night at the Opera under this same arrangement, after the band left Trident, they signed directly to EMI and Elektra. In March 1968, Manfred Mann recorded Tridents first number one at the studio, from 1968-1981, some of the most reputed artists used the studios for their recordings, including David Bowie, Elton John, Marc Bolan/T. Elton Johns Your Song and Carly Simons Youre So Vain were both engineered at Trident by Robin Geoffrey Cable, who went on to produce two albums for The Dickies. Tony Stratton-Smiths Charisma Records was also one of the most regular clients of the studios during the 1970s, genesis recorded at Trident several of their most renowned albums there, including Trespass, Nursery Cryme and A Trick of the Tail. The Jazz Fusion Band Brand X recorded their debut studio album Unorthodox Behaviour here, Other artists from the label who recorded at Trident were Van der Graaf Generator, Peter Hammill, Lindisfarne and Peter Gabriel. Charismas first Van der Graaf Generator release, The Least We Can Do Is Wave to Each Other, was recorded at Trident from 11 to 14 December 1969. Most of the album was recorded on 8 tracks, but the last song, Trident was yet again among the first studios in the UK to obtain a 16-track machine. The Trident A Range consoles were built by and for Trident Studios
4.
Glam rock
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Glam artists drew on diverse sources ranging from bubblegum pop and 50s rock and roll to cabaret theatrics, science fiction, and complex art rock. The flamboyant clothing and visual styles of performers were often camp or androgynous, the UK charts were inundated with glam rock acts from 1971 to 1975, with glam also manifesting in all areas of British popular culture during this period. British glam rock artists include Marc Bolan and T. Rex, David Bowie, Sweet, Slade, Mud, Roxy Music, in the US the scene was much less prevalent, with Alice Cooper and Lou Reed the only American artists to score a hit. Other US glam artists include New York Dolls, Iggy Pop and it declined after the mid-1970s, but influenced other musical genres including punk rock, glam metal, New Romanticism, and gothic rock and has sporadically revived since the 1990s. Glam rock can be seen as a fashion as well as musical subgenre, Glam artists rejected the revolutionary principles of the late 1960s rock scene, instead glorifying decadence, superficiality, and the simple structures of earlier pop music. Musically it was diverse, varying between the simple rock and roll revivalism of figures like Alvin Stardust to the complex art rock of Roxy Music. Glam is most noted for its sexual and gender ambiguity and representations of androgyny and it was prefigured by the showmanship and gender identity manipulation of American acts such as the Cockettes and Alice Cooper, the latter of which combined glam with shock rock. Glam rock emerged from the English psychedelic and art scenes of the late 1960s. Its origins are associated with Marc Bolan, who had renamed his folk duo T, Rex and taken up electric instruments by the end of the 1960s. Often cited as the moment of inception is his appearance on the UK TV programme Top of the Pops in March 1971 wearing glitter and satins, to perform what would be his second UK Top 10 hit, Hot Love. In 1973, a few months after the release of the album Tanx, from late 1971, already a minor star, David Bowie developed his Ziggy Stardust persona, incorporating elements of professional makeup, mime and performance into his act. These performers were soon followed in the style by acts including Roxy Music, Sweet, Slade, Mott the Hoople, Mud, Glam was not only a highly successful trend in UK popular music, it became dominant in all other aspects of British popular culture during the 1970s. In the UK, the glitter rock was most often used to refer to the extreme version of glam pursued by Gary Glitter. The Glitter Band and Gary Glitter had between them eighteen top ten singles in the UK between 1972 and 1976, a second wave of glam rock acts, including Suzi Quatro, Roy Woods Wizzard and Sparks, dominated the British single charts from about 1974 to 1976. Quatro directly inspired the pioneering Los Angeles based all-girl group the Runaways. Existing acts, some not usually considered central to the genre, also adopted glam styles, including Rod Stewart, Elton John, Queen and, for a time, in Japan in the 1980s, visual kei was strongly influenced by glam rock aesthetics. Glam has since enjoyed continued influence and sporadic modest revivals in R&B crossover act Prince, and bands such as Marilyn Manson, Suede, Placebo, Chainsaw Kittens, Spacehog, movies that reflect glam rock aesthetics include, T. D. An Eyewitness Account Omnibus Press,2005 ISBN 1-84609-149-7 A Biased History of UK Glam Rock
5.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
6.
Art rock
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Art rock is a subgenre of rock music that generally reflects a challenging or avant-garde approach to rock, or which makes use of modernist, experimental, or unconventional elements. Art rock aspires to elevate rock from teen entertainment to an artistic statement, influences may be drawn from genres such as experimental rock, avant-garde music, classical music, and jazz. The genres greatest level of popularity was in the early 1970s through British artists, art rock is most associated with a certain period of rock music, beginning in 1966–67 and ending with the arrival of punk in the mid 1970s. After, the genre would be infused within later popular music genres of the 1970s–90s, in the rock music of the 1970s, the art descriptor was generally understood to mean aggressively avant-garde or pretentiously progressive. Art rock is used synonymously with progressive rock. Historically, the term has been used to describe at least two related, but distinct, types of rock music, art rock emphasizes Romantic and autonomous traditions, in distinction to the aesthetic of the everyday and the disposable embodied by art pop. Common characteristics include album-oriented music divided into compositions rather than songs, with complicated and long instrumental sections. Its music was used within the context of concept records. Compared to progressive rock, art rock is more challenging, noisy and unconventional and less classically influenced, art rock can also to refer to either classically driven rock, or a progressive rock-folk fusion. S. Eliot than to Carl Perkins or Willie Dixon, the boundaries between art and pop music became increasingly blurred throughout the second half of the 20th century. The first usage of the art rock, according to Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, was in 1968. As pop musics dominant format transitioned from singles to albums, many rock bands created works that aspired to make grand artistic statements, as it progressed in the late 1960s – in tandem with the development of progressive rock – art rock acquired notoriety alongside experimental rock. According to biographer Richard Williams, created a new concept, the producer as overall director of the creative process, Spector transformed rock music as a performing art to an art which could only exist in the recording studio, which paved the way for art rock. The Beach Boys leader Brian Wilson is also cited as one of the first examples of the music producer. Like Spector, Wilson was known as an eremitic studio obsessive who laboriously produced fantastical soundscapes through his mastery of recording technology. Biographer Peter Ames Carlin wrote that Wilson was the forerunner of a new kind of art-rock that would combine the transcendent possibilities of art with the accessibility of pop music. According to journalist Richard Goldstein, many musicians from California desired to be acknowledged as artists. They yearned for fame, as only needy people can, but they wanted to make art
7.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
8.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
9.
Ken Scott
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As a producer, Scott is noted for his work with David Bowie, Supertramp, Devo, Kansas, the Tubes, Ronnie Montrose on Gamma 1, Level 42, among others. Scott was also influential in the evolution of Jazz Rock, pioneering a harder rock sound, through his work with Mahavishnu Orchestra, Stanley Clarke, Billy Cobham, Dixie Dregs. Originally from South London, Scott resided in Los Angeles from 1976 to 2013 then relocated to Nashville, ken Scott was born in London. He began working at EMI Recording Studios on 27 January 1964 at the age of 16 and he received the traditional EMI studio training under veteran engineers like Malcolm Addey and Norman Smith. His first job was in the library, and within 6 months he was promoted to 2nd engineer. Among the other artists he worked with as a button pusher were Manfred Mann, Peter and Gordon, the Hollies, Judy Garland, Johnny Mathis, Cliff Richard and the Shadows, and Peter Sellers. In September 1967, Scott was promoted to engineer, where his first session was with the Beatles on their song Your Mother Should Know. His first orchestral recording session came a few days later when he recorded the strings, brass, during his time with the Beatles, Scott also worked on the singles Lady Madonna, Hello, Goodbye and Hey Jude, as well as The Beatles and Magical Mystery Tour albums. Among the notable songs from albums that he worked on are The Fool on the Hill, Glass Onion, Helter Skelter, Birthday. While My Guitar Gently Weeps and Not Guilty, the last of which was recorded for, as an engineer at EMI, Scott also worked with numerous other EMI artists including the Jeff Beck Group, Pink Floyd, the Pretty Things, Scaffold and Mary Hopkin. In late 1969, shortly after completion of the Procol Harum album A Salty Dog, he left EMI for the independent Trident Studios, at the suggestion of Elton John producer Gus Dudgeon. After a short time he took over the mixing of Elton Johns Madman Across the Water after fellow Trident engineer Robin Cable suffered severe injuries in a traffic accident and that led him to work on Johns Honky Chateau and Dont Shoot Me Im Only the Piano Player. Also during this period he reconnected with David Bowie on a project with Bowie protege Freddie Burretti. After the album was completed, but before it was released, work began on his next album – The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust. Scott went on to co-produce Bowies Aladdin Sane and Pin Ups albums, during his time at Trident Studios, Scott also teamed up with Supertramp for Crime of the Century in what amounted to a breakthrough album nearly everywhere in the world except the United States. Crime of the Century is regularly mentioned as one of the top albums of all time, the album featured two songs that still get substantial radio play today, Dreamer and Bloody Well Right. The album was recorded at other studios besides Trident, including Studio D at A&M Records in Hollywood, the Whos Ramport Studios. Although not strictly jazz nor progressive rock, he worked with the southern fusion band The Dixie Dregs
10.
Pin Ups
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Pin Ups is the seventh studio album by David Bowie, containing cover versions of songs, released in 1973 on RCA Records. Pin Ups entered the UK chart on 3 November 1973 and stayed there for 21 weeks and it re-entered the chart on 30 April 1983, this time for fifteen weeks, peaking at No.57. In July 1990, it entered the chart, for one week. A version of The Velvet Undergrounds White Light/White Heat was recorded during the sessions and it was never released, Bowie donated the backing track to Mick Ronson for his 1975 album Play Dont Worry. The cover image shows Bowie with supermodel Twiggy, Pin Ups was the first of two 1960s nostalgia albums that Bowie had planned to release. The second, which was planned to be called Bowie-ing Out, would have contained Bowie covering his favourite American artists, but was never recorded. Bowie also apparently considered making a Pin Ups sequel, he had compiled a list of songs he wanted to cover, some of which showed up on his releases of Heathen. In the album booklet, Bowie, writing in his own hand, describes Pin Ups as, / Most of the groups were playing the Ricky-Tick -Scene club circuit. / Some are still with us, / Pretty Things, Them, Yardbirds, Syds Pink Floyd, Mojos, Who, Easybeats, Merseys, The Kinks. The woman on the cover with Bowie is 1960s supermodel Twiggy in a photograph taken by her then-manager Justin de Villeneuve and it was taken in Paris for Vogue magazine, but at Bowies request, used for the album instead. A. MacCormack – backing vocals Ron Wood – guitar on Growin Up David Bowie – producer Ken Scott – producer Dennis MacKay – engineer Dr
11.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
12.
The Jean Genie
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The Jean Genie is a song by David Bowie, originally released as a single in November 1972. According to Bowie, it was a smorgasbord of imagined Americana, with a protagonist inspired by Iggy Pop, one of Bowies most famous tracks, it was the lead single for the album Aladdin Sane. Promoted with a clip featuring Andy Warhol associate Cyrinda Foxe. Bowie composed The Jean Genie in autumn 1972, completing the song in New York City, Bowie would later assert, I wrote it for her amusement in her apartment. The recording took place at New Yorks RCA Studios on 6 October 1972, mixing occurred the following week at RCA Studio B in Nashville, Tennessee, the original single mix is in mono, while the album mix is in stereo. The songs chugging R&B riff is often compared to The Yardbirds, especially their cover of Bo Diddleys Im a Man, the subject matter was inspired in part by Bowies friend Iggy Pop or, in Bowies own words, an Iggy-type character. The line Hes so simple minded, he cant drive his module would later give the band Simple Minds their name, the title has long been taken as an allusion to the author Jean Genet. Bowie was once quoted as saying that this was subconscious, the title, of course, was a clumsy pun upon Jean Genet. Bowie wanted the video to depict Ziggy as a kind of Hollywood street-rat with a consort of the Marilyn brand and this led to Foxes casting, and she flew from New York to San Francisco especially for the shoot. Bowie also recorded The Jean Genie for Top of the Pops, unusually for the era, the four-piece band performed live, and included an extended guitar solo by Mick Ronson. Tapes of this edition of Top of the Pops were subsequently wiped, but a copy was made by BBC cameraman John Henshall, John Henshall was contacted by music television aficianado Ray Langstone who persuaded John to share his historic material. The film has since been preserved for posterity and was shown at the British Film Institute in December 2011, the BBC re-broadcast the clip in its Top of the Pops 2 Christmas Special on 21 December 2011, for the first time since the original broadcast in January 1973. Some controversy arose in the UK when fellow RCA act Sweet issued Block Buster, utilising a riff very similar to The Jean Genie. Sweets single, written by Mike Chapman and Nicky Chinn, and recorded and released later than Bowies song. All parties maintained that the similarity was, in Nicky Chinns words, Chinn described a meeting with Bowie at which the latter looked at me completely deadpan and said Cunt. And then he got up and gave me a hug and said, the Jean Genie spent 13 weeks in the UK charts. 2, making it Bowies biggest hit to date, in the US, it reached No.71. While biographer David Buckley has described it as derivative, plodding, if undeniably catchy, it one of Bowies signature tunes
13.
Drive-In Saturday
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Drive-In Saturday is a song by David Bowie from his 1973 album Aladdin Sane. It was released as a single a week before the album and, like its predecessor The Jean Genie, the narrative has been cited as an example of Bowies futuristic nostalgia, where the story is told from the perspective of an inhabitant of the future looking back in time. Its composition was inspired by strange lights amidst the landscape between Seattle, Washington, and Phoenix, Arizona, as seen from a train at night on Bowies 1972 US tour. The music featured Bowies synthesizer and saxophone, while the lyrics name-checked Mick Jagger, the model Twiggy, the reference to Jung is significant according to artist Tanja Stark, and heralds the pivotal influence of Jungian depth psychology upon his career. She suggests the lyric crashing out with sylvian is a reference to the Sylvian fissure in the brain associated with visionary and hallucinatory experiences. Bowie premiered the song live in November 1972—initially at either Pirates World, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, or Celebrity Theatre and he offered it for recording to Mott the Hoople but they turned it down, Bowie later saying that he didnt know why they refused it. Bowies studio version, recorded in New York on 9 December 1972, was released as a single in April 1973 and remained in the charts for 10 weeks, reaching No.3 in the UK. The B-side, Round and Round, was a cover of Chuck Berrys track Around and Around, biographer David Buckley has called Drive-In Saturday and Rebel Rebel Bowies finest glam-era singles. A. MacCormack, backing vocals A live audience recording from The Public Hall, Cleveland, Ohio, not included in that release was Bowies introduction to the song, as follows, Bowie performed the song on Russell Harty Plus, a UK television show, on 17 January 1973. This performance is included on the DVD version of Best of Bowie, in addition to live performances in 1972-1974, the song was performed by Bowie on his 1999 tour and is included on VH1 Storytellers. On Saturday 20 April 2013, a 40th Anniversary 7 picture disc of Drive-in Saturday will be available as an exclusive for the Record Store Day, Drive-In Saturday will be backed up with the Russell Harty Plus Pop version of the track. Morrissey covered the song in a 2000 concert in New York City at the Beacon Theater as the evenings encore and it was also released as a live B-side for his 2008 single All You Need Is Me, and then on his B-side album Swords. Pegg, Nicholas, The Complete David Bowie, Reynolds & Hearn Ltd,2000, ISBN 1-903111-14-5
14.
Time (David Bowie song)
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Time is a song by David Bowie. An edited version of the song supplanted the release of the single Drive-In Saturday in the United States, the piece has been described as burlesque vamp, and compared to the cabaret music of Jacques Brel and Bertolt Brecht/Kurt Weill. Keyboardist Mike Garson said that he employed the old stride piano style from the 20s and I mixed it up with avant-garde jazz styles plus it had the element of show music, plus it was very European. Co-producer Ken Scott took credit for the idea of mixing the sound of Bowies breathing right up front when the music paused, just before guitarist Mick Ronson launched into his cacophonous solo. However, when Bowie came to perform the song on the U. S. television special The 1980 Floor Show in August 1973, conversely, RCA cut the line In quaaludes and red wine from the single, while Bowie retained it for The 1980 Floor Show. The phrase Billy Dolls refers to Billy Murcia, late drummer for the New York Dolls, like its parent album, Time has divided critical opinion. Time –3,38 The Prettiest Star –3,27 The Japanese release featured Panic in Detroit on the B-side, the live version recorded for The 1980 Floor Show on 20 October 1973 was released on the semi-legal album RarestOneBowie in 1994. A live version from the 1974 Diamond Dogs tour was released as a track on the Rykodisc release of David Live in 1990. The 2004 reissue of David Live inserted Time into its position in the concert track listing. Another live recording from the 1974 tour was released on the semi-legal album A Portrait in Flesh. A live version from the Glass Spider tour recorded at the Montreal Olympic Stadium on 30 August 1987 was released as track 11 on the disk of the limited edition 3-disc set released in 2007. It appeared on the Japanese compilation The Best of David Bowie, the single edit of the song was released on the bonus disc of the Aladdin Sane – 30th Anniversary Edition in 2003
15.
Let's Spend the Night Together
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Lets Spend the Night Together is a song written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, and originally released by The Rolling Stones as a double A-sided single together with Ruby Tuesday in 1967. It also appeared as the track on the American version of their album Between the Buttons. It has been covered by artists, most famously David Bowie in 1973. The song was recorded at Olympic Sound Studios by producer Andrew Oldham, in the December 1968 issue of Hit Parader, Glyn Johns is interviewed about his work with the band in an article entitled Recording The Stones. Johns recounts that while mixing Lets Spend the Night Together, Oldham was trying to get a sound by clicking his fingers. Two policemen showed up, stating that the front door was open, at first, Oldham asked them to hold his earphones while he snapped his fingers but then Johns said they needed a more wooden sound. Released in the United Kingdom as a single in January 1967, Lets Spend the Night Together reached No.3 on the UK Singles Chart, while the side of the single. The song was included on the American version of the Stones album Between the Buttons, however, due to the then-controversial nature of the lyrics most radio stations opted to play the flip side Ruby Tuesday instead. The two songs charted separately on the US Billboard Hot 100, Lets Spend the Night Together stalling at No.55 while Ruby Tuesday became a No.1 hit, in other countries worldwide, both sides of the single charted separately. In Ireland for example, Ruby Tuesday peaked at No,6, while Lets Spend The Night Together charted separately at No. 14, as Irelands national broadcaster, RTÉ, considered Ruby Tuesday to be suitable for radio airplay. On The Ed Sullivan Show, the band was refused permission to perform the number. Sullivan himself told Jagger, Either the song goes or you go, as a result of this incident, Sullivan announced that the Rolling Stones would be banned from performing on his show again. However, the Stones did appear on the show again and performed three songs on 23 November 1969, ironically, the groups Satisfaction had been performed uncensored in 1966. In April 2006, for their performance in China, authorities prohibited the group from performing the song due to its suggestive lyrics. A live version appeared on Still Life, after performing the song on a 28-date European tour in spring 1967, it was not until 1976 that The Rolling Stones next played Lets Spend the Night Together live in concert regularly. A one-off performance of the song was played at the Knebworth Festival in 1976 and it was performed regularly on the 1981 and 1982 tours before being again retired for 15 years where it was played occasionally during the Bridges To Babylon Tour in 1997 and 1998. It was then absent during the No Security Tour 1999 and the Licks Tour 2002–2003, the song was occasionally played at most shows and became a minor mainstay of their live performances during their two-year A Bigger Bang Tour
16.
NME
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New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
17.
Rolling Stone
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Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors
18.
The Man Who Sold the World (album)
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The Man Who Sold the World is the third studio album by English rock artist David Bowie. It was originally released in the United States by Mercury Records on 4 November 1970 and he recorded the album with producer Tony Visconti at Trident Studios in London and Advision Studios in West London. Departing from the acoustic music of Bowies second album, The Man Who Sold the World is generally considered a hard rock. As Bowie was preoccupied with his new wife Angie at the time, although Bowie is officially credited as the composer of all music on the album, biographer Peter Doggett quoted Visconti saying the songs were written by all four of us. Wed jam in a basement, and Bowie would just say whether he liked them or not, in Doggetts narrative, The band would record an instrumental track, which might or might not be based upon an original Bowie idea. Then, at the last possible moment, Bowie would reluctantly uncurl himself from the sofa on which he was lounging with his wife, and dash off a set of lyrics. Despite his annoyance with Bowies fixation on married life during the recording of The Man Who Sold the World, Bowie himself was quoted in a 1998 interview as saying I really did object to the impression that I did not write the songs on The Man Who Sold the World. You only have to check out the chord changes, no-one writes chord changes like that. The Width of a Circle and The Supermen, for example, were already in existence before the sessions began, ralph Mace played a Moog modular synthesizer borrowed from George Harrison, Mace was a 40-year-old concert pianist who was also head of the classical music department at Mercury Records. Much of The Man Who Sold the World had a heavy metal edge that distinguishes it from Bowies other releases. Music critic Greg Kot said the album marked Bowies change of direction into hard rock, the record also provided some unusual musical detours, such as the title tracks use of Latin rhythms to hold the melody. The sonic heaviness of the album was matched by the matter, which included insanity, gun-toting assassins and Vietnam War commentary, an omniscient computer. The song She Shook Me Cold was an explanation of a sexual encounter, the album has also been seen as reflecting the influence of such figures as Aleister Crowley, Franz Kafka and Friedrich Nietzsche. The original 1970 US release of The Man Who Sold the World employed a cartoon-like cover drawing by Bowies friend Michael J. Weller, featuring a cowboy in front of the Cane Hill mental asylum. Weller, whose friend was a patient there, suggested the idea after Bowie had asked him to create a design that would capture the musics foreboding tone, drawing on pop art styles, he depicted a dreary main entrance block to the hospital with a damaged clock tower. For the designs foreground, he used a photograph of John Wayne to draw a figure wearing a ten-gallon hat and a rifle. Bowie suggested Weller incorporate the exploding head signature on the cowboys hat, the dress was designed by British fashion designer Michael Fish. It has been said that his bleached blond locks, falling below shoulder level in the photo, were inspired by a Pre-Raphaelite painting by Dante Gabriel Rossetti
19.
Hunky Dory
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Hunky Dory is the fourth studio album by the English musician David Bowie, released on 17 December 1971 by RCA Records. It was his first release through RCA, which would be his label for the next decade, the album has received critical acclaim since its release, and is regarded as one of Bowies best works. Time chose it as part of their 100 best albums of all time list in January 2010, the style of the album cover, designed by George Underwood, was influenced by a Marlene Dietrich photo book that Bowie took with him to the photo shoot. Also debuting with Bowie, in Viscontis place as producer, was another key contributor to the Ziggy phase, the albums sleeve would bear the credit Produced by Ken Scott. The actor was Bowie himself, whose pet conceit, in the words of NME critics Roy Carr, the opening track, Changes, focused on the compulsive nature of artistic reinvention and distancing oneself from the rock mainstream. However, the composer also took time to pay tribute to his influences with the tracks Song for Bob Dylan, Andy Warhol, between the two extremes was Oh. Bowie had been without a contract when he started work on the album at Trident Studios on 8 June 1971. RCA Records in New York heard the tapes and signed him to a deal on 9 September 1971. Supported by the single Changes, the album scored generally favourable reviews and sold well on its initial release. Melody Maker called it the most inventive piece of song-writing to have appeared on record in a considerable time, while NME described it as Bowie at his brilliant best. However, it was only after the breakthrough of Ziggy Stardust in mid-1972 that Hunky Dory became a hit, climbing to number 3 in the UK. In 1973, RCA released Life on Mars. as a single, a reissue returned the album, in January 1981, to the British chart, where it remained for 51 weeks. In 1998, Q magazine readers voted Hunky Dory the 43rd greatest album of all time, in 2003, the album was ranked 107th on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. In the same year, VH1 placed it 47th and the Virgin All Time Top 1000 Albums chart placed it at number 16, in 2004, it was ranked 80th on Pitchforks Top 100 Albums of the 1970s. In 2006, TIME magazine chose it as one of the 100 best albums of all time, Bowie himself considered the album to be one of the most important in his career. Speaking in 1999, he said, Hunky Dory gave me a fabulous groundswell, I guess it provided me, for the first time in my life, with an actual audience – I mean, people actually coming up to me and saying, Good album, good songs. That hadnt happened to me before and it was like, Ah, Im getting it, Im finding my feet. Im starting to communicate what I want to do, now, what is it I want to do
20.
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time
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The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time is a 2003 special issue of American magazine Rolling Stone, and a related book published in 2005. The lists presented were compiled based on votes from selected rock musicians, critics, and industry figures, and predominantly feature American and British music from the 1960s and the 1970s. In 2012, Rolling Stone published an edition of the list drawing on the original. It was made available in bookazine format on newsstands in the US from April 27 to July 25, the new list contained 38 albums not present in the previous one,16 of them released after 2003. The accounting firm Ernst & Young devised a point system to weigh votes for 1,600 submitted titles, the list includes a few compilations, and greatest hits collections. The following authors contributed to the made of each album, An amended list was released in book form in 2005. The Complete Recordings would be reinstated to the list in the 2012 edition. E. M, the Rolling Stone 500 has also been criticised for being male-dominated, outmoded and almost entirely Anglo-American in focus. Following the publicity surrounding the list, rock critic Jim DeRogatis and this featured a number of generally younger critics arguing against the high evaluation of various great albums, some of which had been included in the list, including DeRogatis taking on Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, which had been Rolling Stones top choice
21.
Pitchfork (website)
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Pitchfork is an American online magazine launched in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber, based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by Condé Nast. The site generally concentrates on new music, but Pitchfork journalists have also reviewed reissues, in late 1995, Ryan Schreiber, a recent high school graduate, created the magazine in Minneapolis. Influenced by local fanzines and KUOM, Schreiber, who had no writing experience. At first being Turntable, the site was updated monthly with interviews and reviews, in May 1996, the site began publishing daily and was renamed Pitchfork, alluding to Tony Montanas tattoo in Scarface. In early 1999, Schreiber relocated Pitchfork to Chicago, Illinois, by then, the site had expanded to four full-length album reviews daily, as well as sporadic interviews, features, and columns. It had also begun garnering a following for its coverage of underground music and its writing style. In October, the added a daily music news section. Pitchfork has launched a variety of subsidiary websites, Pitchfork. tv, a website displaying videos related to many independent music acts, launched in April 2008. It features bands that are found on Pitchfork. In July 2010, Pitchfork announced Altered Zones, a blog devoted to underground. On 21 May 2011, Pitchfork announced a partnership with Kill Screen, Altered Zones was closed on November 30. On December 26,2012, Pitchfork launched Nothing Major, a website that covered visual arts such as fine art, Nothing Major closed in October 2013. On October 13,2015, Condé Nast announced that it had acquired Pitchfork, following the sale, Schreiber remained as editor-in-chief. On March 13,2016, Pitchfork was redesigned, some publications have cited Pitchfork in having played a part in breaking artists such as Arcade Fire, Sufjan Stevens, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Interpol, The Go. Conversely, Pitchfork has also seen as being a negative influence on some indie artists. A dismissive 0.0 review of former Dismemberment Plan frontman Travis Morrisons Travistan album led to a sales drop. On the other hand, an endorsement from Pitchfork – which dispenses its approval one-tenth of a point at a time, up to a maximum of 10 points – is very valuable, indeed. Examples of Pitchforks impact include, Arcade Fire is among the bands most commonly cited to have benefited from a Pitchfork review
22.
Brian Duffy (photographer)
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Brian Duffy was an English photographer and film producer, best remembered for his fashion and portrait photography of the 1960s and 1970s. Brian Duffy was born to Irish parents in London in 1933, during World War II he was evacuated with his two brothers and sister to Kings Langley where he was taken in by the actors Roger Livesey and Ursula Jeans. After a few weeks, his mother, unhappy about her four children being split up from the family insisted they all return to London. When the bombing in London became intense they were evacuated for a time to Wales. Once back in London, Duffy had the most wonderful war, breaking into abandoned houses and it was here that Duffy unveiled his own creative tendencies and upon finishing school he applied to Saint Martins School of Art. In 1950 he started art school with the intention to be a painter and he finished St. Martins in 1953 and immediately began working as an assistant designer at Susan Small, after which he worked for Victor Steibel, the preferred designer to Princess Margaret. Following this, on a visit to Paris, he was offered a job at Balenciaga but was unable to take it up as his wife June was pregnant with their eldest son Chris. In 1955 Duffy began freelancing as a fashion artist for Harpers Bazaar where he first came into contact with commercial photography, inspired by the photographic contact sheets he saw passing through the art directors desk he sought a job as a photographers assistant. Unsuccessfully, he applied for a job with John French and was employed at Carlton studios. In 1957 Duffy was hired by British Vogue working under art director John Parsons where he remained working until 1963, during this time he worked closely with top models Jean Shrimpton, Paulene Stone, Joy Weston, Jennifer Hocking and Judy Dent. With fellow photographers, David Bailey and Terence Donovan, Duffy was a key player in the Swinging Sixties - a culture of high fashion and celebrity chic. Together the Black Trinity as affectionately named by Norman Parkinson, redefined not only the aesthetic of fashion photography, socialising with actors, pop stars, royalty and the notorious Kray Twins, they represented a new breed of photographer and found themselves elevated to celebrity status. Duffy commented on the shock the three were to the industry, Before 1960, a fashion photographer was tall, thin. But we three are different, short, fat and heterosexual, apart from Vogue, Duffy also worked for numerous publications including Glamour Magazine, Esquire, Town Magazine, Queen Magazine, The Observer, The Sunday Times and the Telegraph Magazine. He worked for Swiss Art Director Peter Knapp and later Foulia Elia for French Elle for two periods the first between 1963 and 1968, and then again between 1974 and 1979, Duffy claimed that he did some of his best work working with French Elle. In 1965 Duffy was asked to shoot the second Pirelli calendar which was shot on location in the south of France and he was commissioned to shoot the calendar again in 1973 which he created in collaboration with British pop artist Allen Jones and air brush specialist Philip Castle. In 1968 he set up a production company with Len Deighton called Deighton Duffy and went on to produce the film adaptations of Deightons book Only When I Larf. What a Lovely War, which was released in 1969, continuing Duffys lifelong interest in the First World War in 1985 he directed Lions Led By Donkeys for Channel 4 TV
23.
Hammersmith Apollo
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The Hammersmith Apollo is an entertainment venue and a Grade II* listed building located in Hammersmith, London. Designed by Robert Cromie in Art Deco style, it opened in 1932 as the Gaumont Palace and it has had a string of names and owners, most recently AEG Live and Eventim UK. The venue was opened in 1932 as the Gaumont Palace and seated nearly 3,500 people and it was designed by Robert Cromie in the Art Deco style. In 1962, the building was renamed Hammersmith Odeon, a name many people use for the venue along with the abbreviation Hammy-O. It became a Grade II listed building in 1990, the venue was later refurbished and renamed Labatts Apollo following a sponsorship deal with Labatt Brewing Company. In 2002, the venue was renamed, this time to Carling Apollo after Carling brewery struck a deal with the owners. The venues listing was upgraded to Grade II* status in 2005, in 2003, the stalls seats were made removable and now some concerts have full seating whilst others have standing-only in the stalls. In the latter format the venue can accommodate around 5,000 people, the event was marked by rock band AC/DC playing an exclusive one-off concert and only charging £10 per ticket. All 5,000 tickets sold out in 4 minutes, in 2006, the venue reverted to its former name, the Hammersmith Apollo. In 2007, the original 1932 Compton pipe organ, still present from the days as a cinema, was restored. The building then changed hands and was bought by the MAMA Group, as a result, the venue was named HMV Apollo from 2009 until 2012. Other venues purchased include The Forum in Londons Kentish Town, the Birmingham Institute, the venue was sold by HMV Group in May 2012 to AEG Live and CTS Eventim. In 2013, the venue was closed for a refurbishment which was carried out by award-winning architect Foster Wilson. The venue reopened as the Eventim Apollo on 7 September 2013, the original 1932 Compton pipe organ is still present at the Apollo and was fully restored to playing condition in 2007. It has a console which rises through the stage on a new lift. Having fallen into disrepair, the organ was disconnected in the 1990s, however at English Heritage and the councils insistence it has been reinstated and the entire organ restored. A launch party was held on 25 July 2007, at which an invited audience, pipe organs such as this were installed in most cinemas of the pre-war period to provide music for film shows, accompany silent movies and to feature in solo performances. Many were also broadcast on the radio and recorded on 78 rpm records and these organs were based on church-type instruments but had many other sounds including percussion instruments built in
24.
The Guardian
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The Guardian is a British daily newspaper, known from 1821 until 1959 as the Manchester Guardian. Along with its sister papers The Observer and The Guardian Weekly, The Guardian is part of the Guardian Media Group, the Scott Trust became a limited company in 2008, with a constitution to maintain the same protections for The Guardian. Profits are reinvested in journalism rather than to the benefit of an owner or shareholders, the Guardian is edited by Katharine Viner, who succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. In 2016, The Guardians print edition had a daily circulation of roughly 162,000 copies in the country, behind The Daily Telegraph. The newspaper has an online UK edition as well as two international websites, Guardian Australia and Guardian US, the newspapers online edition was the fifth most widely read in the world in October 2014, with over 42.6 million readers. Its combined print and online editions reach nearly 9 million British readers, notable scoops include the 2011 News International phone hacking scandal, in particular the hacking of murdered English teenager Milly Dowlers phone. The investigation led to the closure of the UKs biggest selling Sunday newspaper, and one of the highest circulation newspapers in the world, in 2016, it led the investigation into the Panama Papers, exposing the then British Prime Minister David Camerons links to offshore bank accounts. The Guardian has been named Newspaper of the Year four times at the annual British Press Awards, the paper is still occasionally referred to by its nickname of The Grauniad, given originally for the purported frequency of its typographical errors. The Manchester Guardian was founded in Manchester in 1821 by cotton merchant John Edward Taylor with backing from the Little Circle and they launched their paper after the police closure of the more radical Manchester Observer, a paper that had championed the cause of the Peterloo Massacre protesters. They do not toil, neither do they spin, but they better than those that do. When the government closed down the Manchester Observer, the champions had the upper hand. The influential journalist Jeremiah Garnett joined Taylor during the establishment of the paper, the prospectus announcing the new publication proclaimed that it would zealously enforce the principles of civil and religious Liberty. Warmly advocate the cause of Reform, endeavour to assist in the diffusion of just principles of Political Economy and. Support, without reference to the party from which they emanate, in 1825 the paper merged with the British Volunteer and was known as The Manchester Guardian and British Volunteer until 1828. The working-class Manchester and Salford Advertiser called the Manchester Guardian the foul prostitute, the Manchester Guardian was generally hostile to labours claims. The Manchester Guardian dismissed strikes as the work of outside agitators –, if an accommodation can be effected, the occupation of the agents of the Union is gone. CP Scott made the newspaper nationally recognised and he was editor for 57 years from 1872, and became its owner when he bought the paper from the estate of Taylors son in 1907. Under Scott, the moderate editorial line became more radical, supporting William Gladstone when the Liberals split in 1886
25.
The Rolling Stones
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The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962. The original line-up consisted of Brian Jones, Mick Jagger, Keith Richards, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued as a touring member until his death in 1985. Jones left the less than a month prior to his death in 1969, having already been replaced by Mick Taylor. After Taylor left the band, Ronnie Wood took his place in 1975 and has been on guitar in tandem with Richards ever since, following Wymans departure in 1993, Darryl Jones joined as their touring bassist. Other touring keyboardists for the band have been Nicky Hopkins, Billy Preston, the band was first led by Jones, but after teaming as the bands songwriters, Jagger and Richards assumed leadership while Jones dealt with legal and personal troubles. The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the US in 1964, and identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s. Rooted in blues and early rock and roll, the group began a period of musical experimentation in the mid-1960s that peaked with the psychedelic album Their Satanic Majesties Request. During this period, they were first introduced on stage as The Worlds Greatest Rock, the band continued to release commercially successful records in the 1970s and sold many albums, including Some Girls and Tattoo You, which were their most popular albums worldwide. From 1983 to 1987, tensions between Jagger and Richards almost caused the band to split, however, they managed to patch up their friendship in 1987. They separated temporarily to work on projects and experienced a comeback with Steel Wheels. Since the 1990s, new recorded material from the group has been increasingly less well-received, despite this, the Rolling Stones have continued to be a huge attraction on the live circuit, with stadium tours in the 1990s and 2000s. By 2007, the band had four of the top five highest-grossing concert tours of all time, Voodoo Lounge Tour, Bridges to Babylon Tour, Licks Tour and A Bigger Bang Tour. The Rolling Stones were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1989, Rolling Stone magazine ranked them fourth on the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time list and their estimated album sales are above 250 million. They have released 30 studio albums,18 live albums and numerous compilations, Let It Bleed was their first of five consecutive number one studio and live albums in the UK. Sticky Fingers was the first of eight number one studio albums in the US. In 2008, the band ranked 10th on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists chart, in 2012, the band celebrated its 50th anniversary. Keith Richards and Mick Jagger were childhood friends and classmates in Dartford, Kent, Jagger had formed a garage band with Dick Taylor, mainly playing Muddy Waters, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Howlin Wolf and Bo Diddley material. Jagger met Richards again in 1960 on platform two of Dartford railway station, the Chuck Berry and Muddy Waters records that Jagger carried revealed a common interest that prompted their musical partnership
26.
Bo Diddley beat
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His use of African rhythms and a signature beat, a simple five-accent hambone rhythm, is a cornerstone of hip hop, rock, and pop. He is also recognized for his innovations, including his distinctive rectangular guitar. Born in McComb, Mississippi, as Ellas Otha Bates, he was adopted and raised by his mothers cousin, Gussie McDaniel, in 1934, the McDaniel family moved to the South Side of Chicago, where he dropped the Otha and became Ellas McDaniel. He performed until he was 18, however, he was more interested in the pulsating, rhythmic music he heard at a local Pentecostal church and took up the guitar. Green became a near-constant member of McDaniels backing band, the two often trading joking insults with each other during live shows, during the summers of 1943 and 1944, he played at the Maxwell Street market in a band with Earl Hooker. By 1951 he was playing on the street with backing from Roosevelt Jackson on washtub bass and Jody Williams, Williams later played lead guitar on Who Do You Love. In 1951 he landed a spot at the 708 Club, on Chicagos South Side, with a repertoire influenced by Louis Jordan, John Lee Hooker. In late 1954, he teamed up with harmonica player Billy Boy Arnold, drummer Clifton James and bass player Roosevelt Jackson and recorded demos of Im a Man and Bo Diddley. They re-recorded the songs at Chess Studios, with an ensemble comprising Otis Spann, Lester Davenport, Frank Kirkland. The record was released in March 1955, and the A-side, Bo Diddley, the origin of the stage name Bo Diddley is unclear. McDaniel claimed that his peers gave him the name, which he suspected was an insult and he also said that the name first belonged to a singer his adoptive mother knew. Harmonicist Billy Boy Arnold said that it was a local name, which Leonard Chess adopted as McDaniels stage name. McDaniel also stated that it was his nickname as a Golden Gloves boxer, a diddley bow is a homemade single-string instrument played mainly by farm workers in the South. It probably has influences from the West African coast, in the American slang term bo diddly, bo is an intensifier and diddly is a truncation of diddly squat, which means absolutely nothing. On November 20,1955, Bo Diddley appeared on the television program The Ed Sullivan Show. When someone on the shows staff overheard him casually singing Sixteen Tons in the dressing room, seeing Bo Diddley on the cue card, he thought he was to perform both his self-titled hit single and Sixteen Tons. Sullivan was furious and banned Bo Diddley from his show, reputedly saying that he wouldnt last six months, Chess Records included Bo Diddleys Sixteen Tons on the 1960 album Bo Diddley Is a Gunslinger. Bo Diddleys hit singles continued in the 1950s and 1960s, Pretty Thing, Say Man and he also released numerous albums, including Bo Diddley Is a Gunslinger and Have Guitar, Will Travel
27.
Bertolt Brecht
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Eugen Bertolt Friedrich Brecht was a German poet, playwright, and theatre director of the 20th century. Eugen Berthold Friedrich Brecht was born in February 1898 in Augsburg, Bavaria, Brechts mother was a devout Protestant and his father a Catholic. The modest house where he was born is preserved as a Brecht Museum. His father worked for a mill, becoming its managing director in 1914. Thanks to his mothers influence, Brecht knew the Bible, a familiarity that would have an effect on his writing. From her, too, came the image of the self-denying woman that recurs in his drama. Brechts home life was comfortably middle class, despite what his occasional attempt to claim peasant origins implied, at school in Augsburg he met Caspar Neher, with whom he formed a lifelong creative partnership. Neher designed many of the sets for Brechts dramas and helped to forge the distinctive visual iconography of their epic theatre, when Brecht was 16, the First World War broke out. Initially enthusiastic, Brecht soon changed his mind on seeing his classmates swallowed by the army and his expulsion was only prevented through the intervention of his religion teacher. On his fathers recommendation, Brecht sought a loophole by registering for a course at Munich University. There he studied drama with Arthur Kutscher, who inspired in the young Brecht an admiration for the iconoclastic dramatist, from July 1916, Brechts newspaper articles began appearing under the new name Bert Brecht. Brecht was drafted into service in the autumn of 1918, only to be posted back to Augsburg as a medical orderly in a military VD clinic. In July 1919, Brecht and Paula Banholzer had a son, some time in either 1920 or 1921, Brecht took a small part in the political cabaret of the Munich comedian Karl Valentin. Brechts diaries for the few years record numerous visits to see Valentin perform. Brecht compared Valentin to Charlie Chaplin, for his virtually complete rejection of mimicry and he did short sketches in which he played refractory employees, orchestral musicians or photographers, who hated their employers and made them look ridiculous. The employer was played by his partner, Liesl Karlstadt, a popular woman comedian who used to pad herself out, anyone can be creative, he quipped, its rewriting other people thats a challenge. Brecht completed his second play, Drums in the Night. Between November 1921 and April 1922 Brecht made acquaintance with many people in the Berlin cultural scene
28.
Mike Garson
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Michael David Mike Garson is an American pianist, who has worked, among others, with David Bowie, Nine Inch Nails, Billy Corgan, Free Flight, and The Smashing Pumpkins. A comprehensive biography of his life and career to date was published by Fantom in 2015, under the title Bowies Piano Man, The Life of Mike Garson, written by fellow pianist Clifford Slapper. After graduating from Brooklyn College with a degree in 1970, Garson was a member of rock/country/jazz band Brethren with Rick Marotta, Tom Cosgrove. They recorded two albums on the Tiffany label, which featured guest piano and liner notes by Dr. John. Garson also earned notice when he played on the Im the One album by early 1970s experimental artist Annette Peacock, Bowie asked Peacock to join him on a tour, she declined, but Garson began an enduring working relationship with Bowie. I had told Bowie about the avant-garde thing, when I was recording the Aladdin Sane track for Bowie, it was just two chords, an A and a G chord, and the band was playing very simple English rock and roll. And Bowie said, play a solo on this, I had just met him, so I played a blues solo, but then he said, No, thats not what I want. And then I played a Latin solo, again, Bowie said, No no, thats not what I want. He then continued, You told me you play that avant-garde music, and I said, Are you sure. Cause you might not be working anymore, so I did the solo that everybody knows today, in one take. And to this day, I still receive emails about it, I always tell people that Bowie is the best producer I ever met, because he lets me do my thing. Garson played also for Bowies bandmate Mick Ronson on his first and last solo tour, Garson played with Bowie on and off over the years, resurfacing on The Buddha of Suburbia and 1. Parallel to this work with Bowie, Garson engaged in his own career as a jazz pianist. He is regarded in the industry as one of the few rock pianists capable of performing extended piano solos. He remains one of the most highly sought-after session musicians with a sound of his own. In 1993, Garson began a series of Screen Themes albums, jazz renditions of major themes and suites from film scores of 1993. The latter album featured the debut of Jessica L. Tivens, at age 13. Both albums were released by Discovery Records, Garson has a recording studio at his home in Bell Canyon, California
29.
James Bond
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The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections. The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz, published in September 2015, additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character, Moneypenny. The character has also adapted for television, radio, comic strip, video games. As of 2017, there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series, the most recent Bond film, Spectre, stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond, he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There have also two independent productions of Bond films, Casino Royale and Never Say Never Again. In 2015, the franchise was estimated to be worth $19.9 billion, the Bond films are renowned for a number of features, including the musical accompaniment, with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and two wins. Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bonds cars, his guns, the films are also noted for Bonds relationships with various women, who are sometimes referred to as Bond girls. Ian Fleming created the character of James Bond as the central figure for his works. Bond is an officer in the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond is known by his number,007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Among those types were his brother, Peter, who had involved in behind-the-lines operations in Norway. Aside from Flemings brother, a number of others also provided some aspects of Bonds make up, including Conrad OBrien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill Biffy Dunderdale. The name James Bond came from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies. He further explained that, When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be a dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened. When I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, is the dullest name I ever heard. On another occasion, Fleming said, I wanted the simplest, dullest, plainest-sounding name I could find, James Bond was much better than something more interesting, like Peregrine Carruthers. Exotic things would happen to and around him, but he would be a neutral figure—an anonymous, likewise, in Moonraker, Special Branch Officer Gala Brand thinks that Bond is certainly good-looking. Rather like Hoagy Carmichael in a way and that black hair falling down over the right eyebrow
30.
Rhythm and blues
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Rhythm and blues, often abbreviated as R&B or RnB, is a genre of popular African-American music that originated in the 1940s. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, R&B lyrical themes often encapsulate the African-American experience of pain and the quest for freedom and joy. Lyrics focus heavily on the themes of triumphs and failures in terms of relationships, freedom, economics, aspirations, the term rhythm and blues has undergone a number of shifts in meaning. In the early 1950s it was applied to blues records. This tangent of RnB is now known as British rhythm and blues, by the 1970s, the term rhythm and blues changed again and was used as a blanket term for soul and funk. In the 1980s, a style of R&B developed, becoming known as Contemporary R&B. It combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop, popular R&B vocalists at the end of the 20th century included Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston, and Mariah Carey. Although Jerry Wexler of Billboard magazine is credited with coining the term rhythm and blues as a term in the United States in 1948. It replaced the term race music, which came from within the black community. The term rhythm and blues was used by Billboard in its chart listings from June 1949 until August 1969, before the Rhythm and Blues name was instated, various record companies had already begun replacing the term race music with sepia series. In 2010 LaMont Robinson founded the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame Museum, writer and producer Robert Palmer defined rhythm & blues as a catchall term referring to any music that was made by and for black Americans. He has used the term R&B as a synonym for jump blues, however, AllMusic separates it from jump blues because of its stronger, gospel-esque backbeat. Lawrence Cohn, author of Nothing but the Blues, writes that rhythm, according to him, the term embraced all black music except classical music and religious music, unless a gospel song sold enough to break into the charts. Well into the 21st century, the term R&B continues in use to music made by black musicians. In the commercial rhythm and blues music typical of the 1950s through the 1970s, arrangements were rehearsed to the point of effortlessness and were sometimes accompanied by background vocalists. Simple repetitive parts mesh, creating momentum and rhythmic interplay producing mellow, lilting, while singers are emotionally engaged with the lyrics, often intensely so, they remain cool, relaxed, and in control. The bands dressed in suits, and even uniforms, an associated with the modern popular music that rhythm. Lyrics often seemed fatalistic, and the music typically followed predictable patterns of chords, there was also increasing emphasis on the electric guitar as a lead instrument, as well as the piano and saxophone
31.
Iggy Pop
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James Newell Osterberg, Jr. known professionally as Iggy Pop, is an American singer-songwriter, musician, producer and actor. He was the vocalist of influential proto-punk band The Stooges, who reunited in 2003, Pops music has encompassed a number of styles over the course of his career, including garage rock, punk rock, hard rock, art rock, new wave, jazz and blues. In 2010, The Stooges were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Osterberg was raised in a trailer park in Ypsilanti, Michigan. He is of German, English and Irish descent on his fathers side and his father was adopted by a Swedish American family and took on their surname. His later stage name, Iggy, is derived from the Iguanas, after exploring local blues-style bands such as the Prime Movers, he eventually dropped out of the University of Michigan and moved to Chicago to learn more about blues. While in Chicago, he played drums in blues clubs, helped by Sam Lay who shared his connections with Iggy, inspired by Chicago blues as well as bands like The Sonics, MC5 and The Doors, he formed the Psychedelic Stooges and began calling himself Iggy. The band was composed of Iggy on vocals, Ron Asheton on guitar, Ashetons brother Scott on drums and their first show was played at a Halloween party at a house in Detroit, Michigan. Members of the MC5 were also in attendance, the seeds of Pops stage persona were sown when he saw The Doors perform in 1967 at the University of Michigan and was amazed by the stage antics and antagonism displayed by singer Jim Morrison. Morrisons extreme behavior, while performing in a band, inspired the young Pop to push the boundaries of stage performance. Other influences on Pops vocals and persona were Mick Jagger and James Brown, Pop was the first performer to do a stage-dive, which he started at a concert in Detroit. Pop, who traditionally performs bare-chested, also performed such stage theatrics as rolling around in broken glass, exposing himself to the crowd, I attended two concerts by the Doors. The first one I attended was early on and they had not gotten their shit together yet and that show was a big, big, big influence on me. They had just had their big hit, “Light My Fire”, so, here’s this guy, out of his head on acid, dressed in leather with his hair all oiled and curled. The stage was tiny and it was really low, part of me was like, Wow, this is great. He’s really pissing people off and he’s lurching around making these guys angry, people were rushing the stage and Morrison’s going Fuck you. You can fill in your sexual comments yourself, the other half of it was that I thought, If they’ve got a hit record out and they can get away with this, then I have no fucking excuse not to get out on stage with my band. It was sort of the case of, Hey, I can do that, there really was some of that in there. In a 1995 interview with Bust Magazine, he relates, And the other thing was we went to New York. ”And we didn’t have anywhere to crash, and they played for us, and they completely rocked, and we were really ashamed. ”In 1968, one year after their debut and now dubbed The Stooges, the band signed with Elektra Records, again following in the footsteps of The Doors
32.
Doo-wop
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Built upon vocal harmony, doo-wop was one of the most mainstream, pop-oriented R&B styles of the time. Doo-wop features vocal harmony, nonsense syllables, a simple beat, sometimes little or no instrumentation. The first record to use the syllables doo-wop was the 1955 hit When You Dance by The Turbans, the term doo-wop first appeared in print in 1961. During the late 1950s many Italian-American groups contributed a significant part in the doo-wop scene, the peak of doo-wop was in 1961. Doo-wops influence continued in soul, pop, and rock groups of the 1960s, at various times in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, the genre has seen revivals. Doo-wop was a precursor to many of the African-American musical styles seen today, an evolution of jazz and blues, doo-wop also influenced many of the major rock and roll groups that defined the later decades of the 20th century. Doo-wop is iconic for its beats and using the off-beat to keep time. Doo-wop laid the foundation for musical innovations, for example. These were generally slow songs in swing time with simple instrumentation, the subject of the lyrics was generally love and relationships. This characteristic harmonic layout was combined with the AABA chorus form typical for Tin Pan Alley pop, a second stream of doo-wop oriented itself to the harmonic, formal and melodic means of jump blues. From the outset, singers gathered on street corners, and in subways, for instance, Count Every Star by The Ravens, includes vocalizations imitating the doomph, doomph plucking of a double bass. This art dates to The Mills Brothers, who first came to fame in the 1930s with their mimicking of instrumental music, radio, gramophone, and cinema inspired imitation in many U. S. cities. The late 1940s and early 1950s brought the bird groups, The Swallows. A number of names are also drawn from cars. The Orioles helped develop the sound with their hits Its Too Soon to Know. The term doo-wop first appeared in print in 1961 in the Chicago Defender, the phrase was attributed to radio disc jockey Gus Gossert but Gossert suggested doo-wop was already in use to categorize the music in California. The first record to use the syllables doo-wop in the refrain was the 1955 hit When You Dance by The Turbans, previously, the scat backing vocal doo-wop is heard in The Clovers 1953 release Good Lovin and in the chorus of Carlyle Dundee & The Dundees 1954 song Never. After some time, the term doo-wop finally caught on as both a description and category for R&B vocal group harmony, the definition expanded backward to include rhythm and blues groups from the mid-1950s, then cascaded even further back to include groups from the 1940s
33.
Lulu (singer)
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Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie was born in Lennoxtown, East Dunbartonshire, and grew up in Dennistoun, Glasgow, where she attended Thomson Street Primary School and Onslow Drive School. She lived in Gallowgate for a while before moving to Garfield Street, at 12 or 13, she and her manager approached a band called the Bellrocks seeking stage experience as a singer. She appeared with them every Saturday night, Alex Thomson, the bass player, has reported that even then her voice was remarkable. Lulu has two brothers and a sister and her father was a heavy drinker.7. Massey guided her career for more than 25 years, for most of time they were partners in business. After the success of Shout, Lulus next three singles failed to make an impact on the charts, in 1965 she released Leave A Little Love, which returned her to the UK top ten. Her next record, Try to Understand made the top 30, in 1966, Lulu toured Poland with the Hollies, the first British female singer to appear live behind the Iron Curtain. In the same year she recorded two German-language tracks, Wenn du da bist and So fing es an, for the Decca Germany label, All her Decca recordings were made available in 2009 on a 2-CD entitled Shout. issued on RPM Records. After two hit singles with the Luvvers, Lulu launched her solo career and she left Decca after failing to chart in 1966 and signed with Columbia to be produced by Mickie Most. In April 1967, she returned to the UK singles chart, reaching number 6 with The Boat That I Row, All seven singles she cut with Most made the UK Singles Chart. Nonetheless, when Mickie Most died in 2003, Lulu was full of praise for him, in 1967, she made her film debut in To Sir, with Love, a British vehicle for Sidney Poitier. Lulu both acted in the film and provided the song, with which she had a major hit in the United States. To Sir With Love became the best selling single of 1967 in the US, selling well in excess of a million copies, in the UK, To Sir With Love was released on the B-side of Lets Pretend, a No.11 hit. In the late-1960s Lulus pop career in the UK thrived and she had several series of her own. Her first BBC series aired in 1965 on BBC2, where she co-hosted Gadzooks and its The In-Crowd, with Alan David, completing the run as solo host under the rebranded Gadzooks. In 1966, she made appearances on BBC1s Stramash. The series often featured resident guests, including Adrienne Posta, Roger Kitter, Paul Greenwood and Pans People along with dance troupes choreographed by Nigel Lythgoe, the 1972 series was billed as Its Lulu. Not to mention Dudley Moore with Dudley Moore and his appearing in each of the 13 shows
34.
The Man Who Sold the World
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The Man Who Sold the World is a song written and performed by David Bowie. It is the track of his third album, which was released in the US in November 1970. The song was reworked by Bowie, featuring a bassline, güiro as percussion. Bowie later returned to playing the version in the 2000s. The persona in the song has an encounter with a kind of doppelgänger, as suggested in the second chorus where I never lost control is replaced with We never lost control. Beyond this, the episode is unexplained, as James E. Perone wrote, Bowie encounters the title character, … The main thing that the song does is to paint – however elusively – the title character as another example of the societal outcasts who populate the album. In common with a number of tracks on the album, the themes have been compared to the horror-fantasy works of H. P. Lovecraft. He commented, I guess I wrote it there was a part of myself that I was looking for. Maybe now that I feel more comfortable with the way that I live my life and my mental state and my spiritual state whatever, maybe I feel theres some kind of unity now. That song for me always exemplified kind of how you feel when youre young and you have this great searching, this great need to find out who you really are. The Man Who Sold the World appeared as the B-side on the American single release of the song Space Oddity and British single Life on Mars. It also appears on various Bowie compilations such as Sound + Vision, The Best of David Bowie 1969/1974, Best of Bowie, The Platinum Collection, Nothing Has Changed, Bowie performed the song on Saturday Night Live in December 1979, with Klaus Nomi and Joey Arias. A portion of this show is included in the film The Nomi Song, a new studio version of the song, recorded by Bowie in 1995 and mixed by Brian Eno, appears as a B-side on the CD single Strangers When We Meet. This version also appears on the disc that followed some versions of Outside - Version 3. It was this arrangement that appeared in Bowies 2016 stage musical, a live version recorded at BBC Radio Theatre, London, on 27 June 2000 was released on the bonus disc accompanying the first releases of Bowie at the Beeb in 2000. A November 2003 live performance from the Reality Tour is featured on the A Reality Tour DVD, released in 2004, as well as the A Reality Tour album, released in 2010. Lulu would recall Bowie inviting her to a concert he gave after which he met her in his room saying. Lulu - I didnt think it would happen but followed up two days later and he was übercool at the time and I just wanted to be led by him
35.
Mick Ronson
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Michael Mick Ronson was an English guitarist, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, and producer. He achieved critical and commercial success working with David Bowie as one of the Spiders from Mars. He was a musician who recorded with Bowie followed by several albums with Ian Hunter, also Morrissey, as well as a sideman in touring bands with Van Morrison. He also recorded solo albums, the most notable example of which was Slaughter on 10th Avenue. Ronson played with various bands after his time with Bowie and he was named the 64th greatest guitarist of all time by Rolling Stone in 2003 and 41st in 2012 by the same magazine. Michael Ronson was born in Kingston upon Hull in 1946 and he was the first son of George and Minnie Ronson and had two younger siblings, Maggi and David. As a child he was trained classically to play piano, recorder, violin, and the harmonium. He initially wanted to be a cellist, but moved to guitar upon discovering the music of Duane Eddy and he joined his first band, The Mariners, in November 1963, when he was 17. His stage debut with The Mariners was in support of the Keith Herd Band at Brough Village Hall, while Ronson was working with The Mariners, another local Hull group – The Crestas – recruited him on the advice of The Mariners bassist John Griffiths. In 1965, Ronson left The Crestas, moving to London to seek work and he took a part-time job as a mechanic, and joined a band called The Voice, replacing Miller Anderson. Soon afterwards, Crestas drummer Dave Bradfield travelled to London, replacing the Voices previous drummer, Ronson stayed in London and teamed up briefly with a soul band called The Wanted, before eventually returning to Hull. In 1966, he joined Hulls top local band, The Rats, joining singer Benny Marshall, bassist Geoff Appleby, the group played the local circuit, and made a few unsuccessful trips to London and Paris. 1968 saw the band change their name briefly to Treacle and book another recording session at Fairview Studios in 1969, around this time, Ronson was recommended by Rick Kemp to play guitar on Michael Chapmans Fully Qualified Survivor album. When John Cambridge left The Rats to join his former Hullaballoos bandmate Mick Wayne in Juniors Eyes, in November 1969, the band recorded a final session at Fairview, taping Telephone Blues and Early in Spring. In March 1970, during the sessions for Elton Johns album Tumbleweed Connection, Ronson played guitar on the track Madman Across the Water. This song however was not included in the original release, the recording featuring Ronson was released on the 1992 compilation album, Rare Masters, and the 1995 reissue of Tumbleweed Connection. Early in 1970, John Cambridge came back to Hull in search of Ronson and he found Ronson marking out a rugby pitch, one of his duties as a Parks Department gardener for Hull City Council. Having failed in his attempts in London, Ronson was reluctant
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