General Sir Albert Houtum-Schindler was a scholar of Persia and an employee of the Persian government.

The Imperial Bank of Persia was a British bank that operated as the central bank and bank of issue in Iran between 1889 and 1929. It was established in 1885 with a concession from the Persian government to Baron Julius De Reuter a German–Jewish banker and businessman who later became a Christian and a British subject.