1.
Epsom
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Epsom is a market town in Surrey, England,13.6 miles south south-west of London, located between Ashtead and Ewell. The town straddles chalk downland and the upper Thanet Formation, Epsom Downs Racecourse holds The Derby, now a generic name for sports competitions in English-speaking countries. The town also gives its name to Epsom salts, extracted from mineral waters there, Epsom is the source of the Hogsmill River and includes the semi-rural Horton and Langley Vale. Epsom lies within the Copthorne Hundred used for periodic, strategic meetings of the wealthy and powerful in Anglo-Saxon England, the name of Epsom is early recorded as forms of Ebbas ham. Many Spring line settlements by springs in Anglo-Saxon England were founded at the foot of dry valleys such as here and Effingham, Bookham, Cheam, Sutton, Carshalton, Croydon, a relic from this period is a 7th-century brooch found in Epsom and now in the British Museum. Epsom appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Evesham, held by Chertsey Abbey. Its domesday assets were,11 hides,2 churches,2 mills worth 10 shillings,18 ploughs,24 acres of meadow, woodland worth 20 hogs, altogether it rendered £17 per year to its overlords. The town at the time of Domesday Book had 38 households, at various dates in the Middle Ages, manors were founded by subinfeudation at Epsom Court, Horton, Woodcote, Brettgrave and Langley Vale. Under Henry VIII and Queen Mary the manor passed to the Carew then related Darcy families and it passed via the Mynne, Buckle and Parkhurst families to Sir Charles Kemys Tynte and after his death to Sir Joseph Mawbey. By the end of the Georgian period, Epsom was known as a spa town, remnants of this are its water pump and multiple exhibits in the towns museum. There were entertainments at the Assembly Rooms, a green-buffered housing estate has now been built upon the wells in the south-west of the town. Epsom salts are named after the town, Epsom salt was originally prepared by boiling down mineral waters which sprung at Epsom. The towns market is built on the pond that existed in the Middle Ages, within the centuries-old boundaries is Epsom Downs Racecourse which features two of the five English Classic horse races, The Derby and The Oaks, which were first run in 1780 and 1779 respectively. On 4 June 1913, Emily Davison, a militant womens suffrage activist, stepped in front of King George Vs horse running in the Derby, sustaining fatal injuries. Lord Rosebery remained closely associated with the town throughout his life, leaving land to the borough, commemorated in the names of roads, Rosebery Park. A house was named after him at Epsom College, one of Britains public schools in Epsom. A bell was added in 1867, by 1902 the lions had been replaced by lanterns, and the toilet buildings added either side of the tower. The Epsom Playhouse was opened in 1984 and is run by Epsom, the Ashley Centre, a shopping mall, was built in the early 1980s and subsequently parts of the high street were pedestrianised as part of the construction of the towns one-way system
2.
Surrey
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Surrey is a county in the south east of England. It shares borders with Kent to the east, East Sussex to the south-east, West Sussex to the south, Hampshire to the west and south-west, Surrey County Council sits extraterritorially at Kingston upon Thames, administered as part of Greater London since 1965. With a resident population of 1.1 million, Surrey is the most densely populated and third most populated county in the South East region, after Kent, the London boroughs of Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth, and parts of Lewisham and Bromley were in Surrey until 1889. The boroughs of Croydon, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Sutton and Richmond upon Thames south of the River Thames were part of Surrey until 1965, when they too were absorbed into Greater London. In the same year, the county was extended north of the Thames by the addition of Spelthorne, due to this expansion, modern Surrey also borders on the London boroughs of Hounslow and Hillingdon. It has the highest GDP per capita of any English county, Surrey is divided in two by the chalk ridge of the North Downs, running east-west. To the north of the Downs the land is mostly flat, the geology of this area is dominated by London Clay in the east, Bagshot Sands in the west and alluvial deposits along the rivers. Much of Surrey is in the Metropolitan Green Belt and it contains a good deal of mature woodland. Among its many notable beauty spots are Box Hill, Leith Hill, Frensham Ponds, Newlands Corner and Puttenham & Crooksbury Commons. Surrey is the most wooded county in England, with 22. 4% coverage compared to an average of 11. 8%. Box Hill has the oldest untouched area of woodland in the UK. Surrey also contains Englands principal concentration of lowland heath, on soils in the west of the county. Agriculture not being intensive, there are many commons and access lands, together with a network of footpaths and bridleways including the North Downs Way. Accordingly, Surrey provides much in the way of leisure activities. The highest elevation in Surrey is Leith Hill near Dorking and it is either 293,294 or 295 metres above sea level and is the second highest point in southeastern England after Walbury Hill 297 metres in West Berkshire. Surrey has a population of approximately 1.1 million people and its largest town is Guildford, with a population of 66,773, Woking comes a close second with 62,796. They are followed by Ewell with 39,994 people and Camberley with 30,155, towns of between 25,000 and 30,000 inhabitants are Ashford, Epsom, Farnham, Staines and Redhill. Guildford is the county town, although the county administration was moved to Newington in 1791
3.
England
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England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years
4.
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art is a drama school in London, England. It is one of the oldest drama schools in the United Kingdom, RADA is an affiliate school of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama. Its higher education awards are validated by Kings College London and its students graduate alongside members of the departments which form the Kings Faculty of Arts & Humanities and it is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, close to the Senate House complex of the University of London. Undergraduate students are eligible for government student loan through the Conservatoire for Dance, RADA also has a significant scholarships and bursaries scheme, offering financial assistance to many students at the Academy. The current director of the academy is Edward Kemp, the president is Sir Kenneth Branagh, the chairman is Sir Stephen Waley-Cohen and its vice-chairman was Alan Rickman until his death in 2016. RADA was founded in 1904 by Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree, an actor manager, in 1905, RADA moved to 52 Gower Street, and a managing council was set up to oversee the school. Its members included George Bernard Shaw, who donated his royalties from his play Pygmalion to RADA. In 1920, RADA was granted a Royal Charter, and in 1921, the Prince of Wales opened the theatre. The Gower Street buildings were torn down in 1927, and replaced with a new building, financed by George Bernard Shaw, in 1923, John Gielgud studied at RADA for a year. He later became President of the academy, and its first honorary fellow, a number of famous actors took on leading roles at RADA, such as Richard Attenborough, Oliver Neville, Nicholas Barter, and Alan Rickman. Other 1924 saw RADAs first government subsidy, a grant of £500, in 2001, RADA joined forces with the London Contemporary dance School to create the UKs first Conservatoire for Dance and Drama. The Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance joined this Conservatoire in 2005, in 2000 the Academy founded RADA Enterprises Ltd, which includes RADA in Business, providing training in communications and teambuilding that uses drama training techniques in a business context. The profits are fed back into the Academy to fund students training, RADA is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London. The main RADA building is on Gower Street, with a second premises nearby in Chenies Street, the Goodge Street and Euston Square underground stations are both within walking distance. RADA has five theatres and a cinema, there is also a 150-seat cinema. In January 2012, RADA acquired the lease to the adjacent Drill Hall venue in Chenies Street, the Drill Hall is a Grade II listed building with a long performing arts history, and was where Nijinsky rehearsed with Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes in 1911. This venue has a 200-seat space, the Studio Theatre, and a 50-seat space, the RADA library contains around 30,000 items. The collection was started in 1904 with donations from actors and writers of the such as Sir Squire Bancroft, William Archer, Arthur Wing Pinero
5.
Ralph Fiennes
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Ralph Nathaniel Twisleton-Wykeham-Fiennes is an English actor. A noted Shakespeare interpreter, he first achieved success onstage at the Royal National Theatre and his performance as Count Almásy in The English Patient garnered him a second Academy Award nomination, for Best Actor, as well as BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations. He voiced Rameses in The Prince of Egypt and Alfred Pennyworth in The Lego Batman Movie, in 2011, Fiennes made his directorial debut with his film adaptation of Shakespeares tragedy Coriolanus, in which he also played the title character. Fiennes won a Tony Award for playing Prince Hamlet on Broadway, since 1999, Fiennes has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK. One of the highest profile actors in contemporary British popular culture, Fiennes was born in Ipswich, on 22 December 1962. He is the eldest child of Mark Fiennes, a farmer and photographer, and Jennifer Lash and he has English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry. His surname is of Norman origin and his grandfathers were industrialist Sir Maurice Fiennes and Brigadier Henry Alleyne Lash. His great-great-uncle was Edward Pomeroy Colley, a Civil Engineer and first class passenger who died in the sinking of RMS Titanic, Fiennes is an eighth cousin of Charles, Prince of Wales, and a third cousin of adventurer Ranulph Fiennes and author William Fiennes. He is the eldest of six children and his siblings are actor Joseph Fiennes, Martha Fiennes, a director, Magnus Fiennes, a composer, Sophie Fiennes, a filmmaker, and Jacob Fiennes, a conservationist. His foster brother, Michael Emery, is an archaeologist and his nephew Hero Fiennes-Tiffin played Tom Riddle, young Lord Voldemort, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince. The Fiennes family moved to Ireland in 1973, living in West Cork, Fiennes was educated at St Kierans College for one year, followed by Newtown School, a Quaker independent school in County Waterford. They moved to Salisbury in England, where Fiennes finished his schooling at Bishop Wordsworths School and he went on to pursue painting at Chelsea College of Art before deciding that acting was his true passion. Fiennes trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art between 1983 and 1985 and he began his career at the Open Air Theatre, Regents Park and also at the National Theatre before achieving prominence at the Royal Shakespeare Company. Fiennes first worked on screen in 1990 and made his debut in 1992 as Heathcliff in Emily Brontës Wuthering Heights opposite Juliette Binoche. He had a role in Peter Greenaways film The Baby of Mâcon with Julia Ormond. Later that year he became known internationally for portraying the amoral Nazi concentration camp commandant Amon Göth in Steven Spielbergs Schindlers List, for this he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He did not win the Oscar, but did win the Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award for the role and his portrayal of Göth also earned him a spot on the American Film Institutes list of Top 50 Film Villains. Fiennes gained weight to represent Göth, but shed it afterwards, Fiennes later stated that playing the role had a profoundly disturbing effect on him
6.
Elizabeth Corday
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Elizabeth Corday, MBBS, FRCS is a fictional character in the television series ER. She was played by Alex Kingston and appeared from 1997 to 2004, first appearing at the opening of season four in the episode Ambush, Elizabeth Corday is a British surgeon who has moved to Chicago to gain more experience in trauma surgery. We learn in her first episode that she comes from a family of surgeons, Cordays grandfather was a surgeon, as is her father and, since there are no boys in her family. In a later episode we learn that her father is a Consultant surgeon at St. Thomas Hospital, though the two do seem to come to some kind of mutual agreement, the relationship is still strained. However, Elizabeth has a relationship with her father, Charles. Corday faces many problems in adjusting to the United States and she also introduces herself as Miss Corday, as is customary for members of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and not Dr Corday. She nevertheless becomes popular among the staff, both for her surgical skill and for her personality. She quickly gains a reputation for being unimpressed by status, an example being when she greets one eminent surgeon, Dr. Sam Breedlove, with I knew you were old, luckily Breedlove responded in the positive. She befriends many of the female ER staff, including Carol Hathaway and Dr. Anna del Amico, despite her arrogant and opinionated exterior, she has a deeply caring side to her - she is there to provide support at critical moments for both staff and patients alike. Corday is also good friends with John Carter. However, Corday can also be harsh in criticizing her fellow physicians. During this time, she makes repeated attempts to become involved with Benton. He even agrees to take over as her supervisor after a while and she faces further trouble when, at the end of a 36-hour shift, she makes a non-lethal mistake in calculating how much drug to inject into a patient. Fortunately, this doesnt put her off her stride, and she uses it to campaign for better conditions for junior medical staff and she also amicably ends her romantic relationship with Peter after that. However, the ends up haunting her later on when Dr. Maggie Doyle correctly accuses Dr. She takes the job, however, and soon finds herself getting caught up in hospital politics, despite her attempts to get along, a rift soon develops between her and Cleo Finch, Bentons new love interest. In season 6, Corday saves the life of serial rapist, when a victims family wants to learn of their daughters bodys location, the killer manipulates Corday into euthanizing him in exchange for the location. At the last minute, Corday realizes that the killer was afraid of her for the power that she held him and she spares his life, breaking his will
7.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
8.
ER (TV series)
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It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. ER follows the life of the emergency room of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history and it won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations, which makes it the most nominated drama program in history. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, in 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a resident physician in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics, in 1990, he published the novel Jurassic Park, and in 1993 began a collaboration with director Steven Spielberg on the film adaptation of the book. Crichton and Spielberg then turned to ER, but decided to film the story as a pilot for a television series rather than as a feature film. Spielbergs Amblin Entertainment provided John Wells as the executive producer. The script used to shoot the pilot was virtually unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. Because of a lack of time and money necessary to build a set, the episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles. After Spielberg had joined as a producer, NBC ordered six episodes, ER premiered opposite a Monday Night Football game on ABC and did surprisingly well. Then we moved it to Thursday and it just took off, ERs success surprised the networks and critics alike, as David E. Kelleys new medical drama Chicago Hope was expected to crush the new series. Crichton remained executive producer until his death in November 2008, although he was credited as one throughout that entire final season. Wells, the other initial executive producer, served as showrunner for the first three seasons. He was one of the shows most prolific writers and became a director in later years. Lydia Woodward was a part of the first season production team and she took over as showrunner for the fourth season while Wells focused on the development of other series, including Trinity, Third Watch, and The West Wing. She left her executive position at the end of the sixth season. Joe Sachs, who was a writer and producer of the series, believed keeping a commitment to medical accuracy was important, Wed bend the rules. A medication that would take 10 minutes to work might take 30 seconds instead, a 12- to 24-hour shift gets pushed into 48 minutes
9.
River Song (Doctor Who)
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River Song is a fictional character created by Steven Moffat and played by Alex Kingston in the British science-fiction series Doctor Who. River Song was introduced to the series as a future companion of series protagonist the Doctor. Because River Song is a time traveller herself, her adventures with the Doctor occur out of synchronisation, their first meeting is his first and apparently her last. In later appearances, River is a companion, romantic interest and eventual wife of the Doctor in his eleventh incarnation, River Song was created by Doctor Who writer Steven Moffat for the shows fourth series in 2008, under the tenure of executive producer Russell T Davies. Other actresses have subsequently portrayed younger versions of the character, when the character was first introduced, much about her origins remained a mystery. Following the characters appearance, Davies had described her as one of the most important characters in the narrative. In series six, Moffats episodes unveil more about the character, born Melody Pond, River is the daughter of the Eleventh Doctors companions Amy Pond and Rory Williams, alongside whom Kingston had already appeared several times in series five and six of the show. Having been conceived on board the TARDIS as it travelled through the vortex, Melody is born with genetic traits and abilities similar to those of the Doctors own race. River Song first appears in the Doctor Who 2008 series two-parter Silence in the Library/Forest of the Dead during the Russell T Davies era of Doctor Who. Here, she encounters the Tenth Doctor in the 52nd century and, though he has never met her, claims to be someone he will come to trust completely. In the second of the two episodes she sacrifices herself to save the people who were trapped in the Librarys database, knocking out the Doctor before he can do the same. In turn, he is able to upload a copy of her consciousness into a computer and he achieves this via the use of a sonic screwdriver given to her by his future self. After Moffat took over from Davies as executive producer of the show, in the two-parter The Time of Angels/Flesh and Stone, which takes place prior to River becoming a professor, she encounters the Eleventh Doctor, with whom she is more familiar. She leaves coordinates for the Doctor so that he may rescue her in the 52nd century, and together they investigate the crash of the spaceship Byzantium. She shows herself to be adept at flying the TARDIS than he is. An earlier version of River appears to assist the Doctor in the series finale The Pandorica Opens/The Big Bang, after being contacted by Winston Churchill, River leads the Doctor to 102 A. D. While River is travelling in the TARDIS on her own, it explodes with her inside, the Doctor, using Rivers vortex manipulator, teleports her out. At the close of the finale, River ambiguously suggests to the Doctor that they might be married
10.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
11.
Doctor Who
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Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963. The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called The Doctor and he explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS. Its exterior appears as a blue British police box, which was a sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired. Accompanied by a number of companions, the Doctor combats a variety of foes, while working to save civilisations, the show is a significant part of British popular culture, and elsewhere it has gained a cult following. It has influenced generations of British television professionals, many of whom grew up watching the series, the programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989. There was an attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot. The programme was relaunched in 2005, and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff, twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor. The conceit is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body, each actors portrayal differs, but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative. The time-travelling feature of the means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet. The current lead, Peter Capaldi, took on the role after Matt Smiths exit in the 2013 Christmas special The Time of the Doctor, in 2017, Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series. Doctor Who follows the adventures of the character, a rogue Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey. He fled from Gallifrey in a stolen TARDIS – Time and Relative Dimension in Space – a machine which allows him to travel across time, the TARDIS has a chameleon circuit which normally allows the machine to take on the appearance of local objects as a disguise. However, the Doctors TARDIS remains fixed as a blue British police box due to a malfunction in the chameleon circuit, the Doctor rarely travels alone and often brings one or more companions to share these adventures. His companions are usually humans, as he has found a fascination with planet Earth, as a Time Lord, the Doctor has the ability to regenerate when his body is mortally damaged, taking on a new appearance and personality. The Doctor has gained numerous reoccurring enemies during his travels, including the Daleks, the Cybermen, and the Master, another renegade Time Lord. Doctor Who first appeared on BBC TV at 17,16,20 GMT, eighty seconds after the programme time,5,15 pm. It was to be a weekly programme, each episode 25 minutes of transmission length. Discussions and plans for the programme had been in progress for a year, writer Anthony Coburn, story editor David Whitaker and initial producer Verity Lambert also heavily contributed to the development of the series
12.
Bennet family
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The Bennet family are a fictional family of dwindling Hertfordshire landed gentry, created by English novelist Jane Austen. The family plays a role in the novel Pride and Prejudice, since it is the one to which the protagonist, Elizabeth. The complex relationships between its various members influence the evolution of the plot, Mr. Gardiner and Mrs. Philips contribute significantly to the progress and outcome of the story, but at a level and in a different register reflecting their respective social belonging. Collinss character serves as a link between the gentry of Hertfordshire, to which the Bennets belong, and the property owners Lady Catherine de Bourgh. William Collins have a claim to the Bennets family estate of Longbourn. He is the father of Elizabeth Bennet, the protagonist of the novel Pride and he is married to Mrs. Bennet, the daughter of a Meryton attorney, the late Mr. Gardener Sr. Together the couple has five daughters, Jane, Elizabeth, Mary, Catherine, none of the daughters are married at the beginning of the novel, much to Mrs Bennets dismay. Mr. Bennets family estate, Longbourn House, is an estate located within the environs of the township of Meryton, in Hertfordshire, from his family estate, Mr. Bennet derives an annual income of £2,000, which is a respectable income for a gentleman. Sadly, after 23/24-years of marriage, Mr. Bennet remains the last male scion of the Bennet family, because Mr Bennet has no immediate male heirs, the estate is entailed upon his next closest living male relative, Mr. William Collins. While his distant second cousin, Mr. Collins is his now current heir presumptive, if, however, emily Auerbach criticises Mr Bennet for ignoring the fate of his daughters, and suggests that he possesses too little sense of duty or responsibility. It is likely that this mistake he had made back as a bachelor is why he is the way he is now. Mr. Admittedly, he married a girl, but he has, for his part, completely given up his social role as pater familias. His disengagement is symbolized by his withdrawing into his library and hiding behind his cynical mockery, although he is an intelligent man, his indolence, lethargy and indifference results in him opting to spend his free time ridiculing the weaknesses of others rather than addressing his own problems. His irresponsibility has placed his family in the potentially devastating position of being homeless and he does recognize this fact, but has still done nothing to remedy the situation. Mr. Bennet seems to spend most all of his time in his sanctuary, Longbourns library/bookroom/study. Firmly tied to his serenity, he regards the world with an ironic detachment, when he is involved in a social event, such as the ball at Netherfield, it is as a silent and amused witness of the blunders of his family. Even the discovery of Darcys role in Lydias marriage only draws from him a selfish exclamation of relief and it will save me a world of trouble and economy. Though he does love his daughters, he fails as a parent, preferring, instead
13.
ITV (TV channel)
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ITV is a commercial television channel in the United Kingdom. Previously a network of regional television channels, ITV currently operates in England, Wales, Scotland, the Isle of Man. From 2001 until 2013, the channel was called ITV1, in 2004, Granada Television acquired Carlton Communications to form ITV plc. ITV is the biggest and most popular television channel in the United Kingdom. ITV and its channels have contended with BBC One for the status of the UKs most watched television channel since the 1950s. However, in line with other channels, ITVs audience share has fallen in the era of multi-channel television. Following the creation of the Television Act 1954, the establishment of a television service in the UK began. The Independent Television service, or ITV, was made up of regions, the three largest regions were subdivided into weekday and weekend services, with a different company running each. ITV existed in a form from its inception to the 2000s. ITV1 became the generic brand name used by the twelve franchises of the ITV Network in the United Kingdom. The brand was introduced in 2001 by Carlton- and Granada-owned franchises, however, it became the sole on-air identity in 2002 when the two companies decided to create a single unified playout of the channel, with regional references only used prior to regional programming. Carlton and Granada went on to merge in 2004, creating ITV plc which now owns thirteen of the fifteen regional ITV licences. The ITV1 name was used in England, Wales, Southern Scotland and Isle of Man until Channel Television adopted the name in January 2006. It should be noted, however, that as national continuity is used on Channel Television. ITV Wales & West was the exception, using the name ITV1 Wales at all times for the Welsh part of its broadcast area as it has a higher regional commitment. Latterly the ITV1 Wales name was used on breakbumpers and regionally advertised programmes till 2013. Non ITV plc-owned licencees on the network generally did not refer to the ITV name, the network production arms of the ITV-plc owned licencees have been gradually combined since 1993 to eventually form ITV Studios. ITV was formed by the unification of eleven of the ITV licences, the Broadcasting Act 1990 changed many of the rules regulating the ITV Network, which most notably relaxed franchise ownership and hours of production
14.
Lost in Austen
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Lost in Austen is a four-part 2008 British television series for the ITV network, written by Guy Andrews as a fantasy adaptation of Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen. Amanda, a woman from modern London, enters the plot of the novel through a portal in her bathroom, to join the Bennet family and affect events disastrously. In December 2009 the show was placed at 48 in The Top 50 TV Shows of the Noughties, Amanda explains to her mother that Jane Austens novel has shown her that she can set higher standards for a husband for herself, and taught her to believe in true love. Elizabeth appears in Amandas bathroom again, this time dressed for travel, Amanda steps through the secret doorway in the wall that Elizabeth has shown her, and finds herself at Longbourn, the house of the Bennet family, near the beginning of the novel. Amanda is trapped in this world while Elizabeth is in 21st-century London, Mr Bennet is hospitable, accepting Amanda as his daughters good friend, while Elizabeth visits the city. Amanda tries to ensure that the novel progresses as it should, at the Meryton Assembly Hall, Amanda tries to reject Bingleys interest by telling him that she cannot dance with him, because Mr Darcy has already asked her to. Bingley calls Amandas bluff, but Darcy backs her up and dances with her, Amanda gets drunk and kisses Bingley, immediately regretting it. A furious Mrs Bennet warns Amanda not to interfere with her daughters marriage prospects, later, Amanda forces Jane to travel to the Bingleys home in bad weather, in order to get the novel back on track. But when she learns that this may give Jane a fatal attack of grippe Amanda follows her to try, while nursing a sick Jane with paracetamol at Netherfield Park, Amanda finally puts a stop to Bingleys advances on her. Claiming to be a lesbian, she is able to direct his amorous attentions back to Jane, Darcy, however, argues with Amanda about her bringing Jane to Netherfield Park, while Caroline Bingley takes a dislike to Amanda, and continually tries to embarrass her. She insists that Amanda play the piano for them, but upon her revelation that she play, Amanda instead sings Petula Clarks song Downtown. As the Bennet ladies return to Longbourn, their carriage breaks down, Amanda warns Wickham that she knows what he is up to, and is watching him. Repulsive cousin Mr Collins, the heir to Longbourn, visits to gain a wife. When he starts a proposal to Jane, Amanda intervenes, offering Elizabeths best friend and his fiancee in the novel, Mr Collins, however, misunderstands, and proposes to Amanda. Amanda sends Bingley and Jane on a walk to them together. Bingley gives Jane the cold shoulder, and she flees in tears, a vengeful Wickham begins to discredit Amanda, spreading rumors that her vast income comes from her deceased father, a fishmonger. Mr Collins, on hearing this offence to high society, breaks off his engagement with Amanda, Jane, believing that Bingley no longer loves her, accepts her mothers advice, and unhappily marries Mr Collins. A disgusted Mr Bennet angrily refuses to sleep in the bed as his wife
15.
Black Canary
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Black Canary is a fictional superheroine in comic books published by DC Comics. Created by the writer-artist team of Robert Kanigher and Carmine Infantino, One of DCs earliest super-heroines, Black Canary has appeared in many of the companys flagship team-up titles including Justice Society of America and Justice League of America. Since the late 1960s, the character has frequently been paired with archer superhero Green Arrow professionally and romantically, at her Golden Age debut, Black Canary was the alter ego of Dinah Drake and participated in crime-fighting adventures with her love interest, Gotham City detective Larry Lance. Initially, the character was a hand-to-hand fighter without superpowers who often posed as a criminal to infiltrate criminal gangs, Later stories depicted her as a world-class martial artist with a superpower, the Canary Cry, a high-powered sonic scream which could shatter objects and incapacitate enemies. When DC Comics adjusted its continuity, Black Canary was established as two entities, mother and daughter, Dinah Drake and Dinah Laurel Lance. Stories since the Silver Age have focused on the younger Black Canary, the character is ranked the 71st-greatest comic-book character of all time by Wizard, and IGN rated her its 81st-greatest all-time comic-book hero. She was number 26 on Comics Buyers Guides 100 Sexiest Women in Comics list, Robert Kanigher and Carmine Infantino created the character in 1947 to be featured in Flash Comics as a supporting character. She appeared as a character in a story featuring Johnny Thunder, I was drawing Johnny Thunder. I suppose he could have been better because his Thunderbolt was interesting, Bob Kanigher wrote those stories, and he had no respect for the characters. These stories were nowhere near as good as The Flash stories, DC knew it — they knew Johnny Thunder was a loser, so Kanigher and I brought the Black Canary into the series. Immediately she got a response, and it was, Bye, bye. According to Amash & Nolen-Weathington, Black Canary is really Carmine Infantinos first character, according to the artist, When Kanigher gave me the script, I said, How do you want me to draw her. He said, Whats your fantasy of a good-looking girl, I made her strong in character and sexy in form. The funny part is that later, while in Korea on a National Cartoonists trip. And I went out with her for three years, Bob didnt ask me for a character sketch. He had a lot of respect for me, I must say that and he always trusted my work… Bob loved my Black Canary design. Dinah Drake made her debut in Flash Comics #86 as a character in the Johnny Thunder feature, written by Robert Kanigher. Initially appearing as a villain, Johnny is instantly infatuated with her, Dinah is later revealed to have been infiltrating a criminal gang
16.
The CW
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Entertainment division of Time Warner, former majority owner of The WB Television Network. The CW name is a derived from the first letters of the names of its two parent corporations. The network made its debut on September 18,2006, after its two predecessors, UPN and The WB, respectively ceased independent operations on September 15 and 17 of that year. The CWs first two nights of programming – on September 18 and 19,2006 – consisted of reruns, the CW marked its formal launch date on September 20,2006, with the two-hour premiere of the seventh cycle of Americas Next Top Model. As of 2008, the programming lineup was intended to appeal mainly to women between the ages of 18 and 34, although starting in 2011 the network increased in programming that appeal to men. The CW is also available in Mexico through affiliates located near the Mexico–U. S, in both countries, some CW affiliates are receivable over-the-air in border areas depending on the stations signal coverage. UPN and The WB both began just as the Fox network had started to secure a foothold with American television audiences, the two networks launched to limited fanfare and generally mediocre to poor results. However, over the subsequent 11 1⁄2 seasons, both were able to air several series that became quite popular, in the eleven years that UPN and The WB were in operation, the two networks lost a combined $2 billion. CBS chairman Leslie Moonves explained that the name of the new network was formed from the first letters of CBS and Warner Bros, joking, like both UPN and The WB, The CW targets its programming towards younger audiences. CBS and Time Warner hoped that combining their networks schedules and affiliate lineups would strengthen The CW into a major broadcast network. The CW launched with a premiere special/launch party from the CBS-produced Entertainment Tonight at Warner Bros, when Top Model made its network premiere on September 20,2006, The CW scored a 3.4 rating/5 share in the Nielsen household ratings. It scored a 2.6 rating among Adults 18–49, finishing fourth in that age demographic, on May 9,2008, The CW announced that it would lease its Sunday lineup to production company Media Rights Capital. With no first-run programming available to run on Sundays as a backup, the network added reruns of The Drew Carey Show and Jericho, the CW has generally struggled in the Nielsen ratings since its inception, primarily placing fifth in all statistics tabulated by Nielsen. On several occasions, The CW has even been outrated by Spanish language network Univision and this had led to speculation within the industry that CBS, Time Warner or both companies could abandon the venture if ratings did not improve. Executives with CBS Corporation and Time Warner also emphasized their commitment to the network and this, in turn, resulted in the discontinuance of the Sunday late afternoon repeat block that The CW inherited from The WB through its use of the predecessor networks scheduling model. Maatta began reporting to Pedowitz as a result of the appointment as network president. Pedowitz revealed that the target demographic of the network would not change. The network also ordered more episodes of its series and ran them consecutively through the first week of December, starting on September 12
17.
Superhero fiction
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Superhero fiction is a genre mainly originating in and most common to American comic books, though it has expanded into other media through adaptations and original works. A superhero is most often the protagonist of superhero fiction, although some titles, such as Marvels by Kurt Busiek and Alex Ross, a superhero is a type of stock character possessing extraordinary or superhuman powers and dedicated to protecting the public. The word itself dates to at least 1917, a female superhero is sometimes called a superheroine. SUPER HEROES is a trademark co-owned by DC Comics and Marvel Comics, such characters were generally referred to as mystery men in the so-called Golden Age of Comic Books to distinguish them from characters with super-powers. Normally, superheroes use their powers to counter day-to-day crime while also combating threats against humanity by their criminal counterparts, long-running superheroes such as Superman, Batman, Spider-Man and Iron Man have a rogues gallery of such enemies. One of these supervillains might be the superheros archenemy, Superheroes will sometimes combat other threats such as aliens, magical/fantasy entities, natural disasters, political ideologies such as Nazism or communism, and godlike or demonic creatures. A supervillain or supervillainess is a variant of the character type, commonly found in comic books, action movies. They are sometimes used as foils to superheroes and other heroes, whereas superheroes often wield fantastic powers, the supervillain possesses commensurate powers and abilities so that he can present a daunting challenge to the hero. Even without actual physical, mystical, superhuman or superalien powers, another common trait is possession of considerable resources to help further his aims. Many supervillains share some characteristics of real world dictators, mobsters. Superheroes and supervillains often mirror each other in their powers, abilities, in some cases, the only difference between the two is that the hero uses his extraordinary powers to help others, while the villain uses his powers for selfish, destructive or ruthless purposes. Both superheroes and supervillains often use alter egos while in action, while sometimes the characters real name is publicly known, alter egos are most often used to hide the characters secret identity from their enemies and the public. Fans have termed the practice of bringing back dead comic book death. Another common trait of superhero fiction is the killing off of a significant other by a supervillain to advance the plot. Comic book writer Gail Simone has coined the term Women in Refrigerators to refer to this practice, often, many works superhero fiction occur in the a shared fictional universe, sometimes establishing a fictional continuity of thousands of works spread over many decades. Changes to continuity are also common, ranging from changes to established continuity, commonly called retcons, to full reboots. It is also common for works of superhero fiction to contain established characters. Crossovers often occur between characters of different works of superhero fiction, in comic books, highly publicized events are published featuring crossovers between many characters
18.
Arrow (TV series)
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Arrow is an American action crime television series developed by writer/producers Greg Berlanti, Marc Guggenheim, and Andrew Kreisberg. It is based on the DC Comics character Green Arrow, a costumed crime-fighter created by Mort Weisinger and it premiered in North America on The CW on October 10,2012, with international broadcasting taking place in late 2012. The series takes a new look at the Green Arrow character, Arrow focuses on the humanity of Oliver Queen, and how he was changed by time spent shipwrecked on an island. Most episodes have flashback scenes to the five years in which Oliver was missing, Arrow has received generally positive reviews from critics. The series averaged about 3.68 million viewers over the course of the first season and received several awards, to promote it, a preview comic book was released before the television series began, while webisodes featuring a product tie-in with Bose were developed for the second season. The first and second seasons are available on DVD and Blu-ray in regions 1,2 and 4, in October 2014, a spin-off series set in the same universe, titled The Flash, premiered. On March 11,2016, the series was renewed for a fifth season, on January 8,2017, The CW renewed the show for a sixth season. The series follows Oliver Queen, billionaire playboy of Starling City, upon his return to Starling City, he is reunited with his mother, Moira Queen, his sister, Thea Queen, and his friend, Tommy Merlyn. He uncovers Malcolm Merlyns conspiracy to destroy The Glades, a section of the city that has become overridden with crime. John Diggle and Felicity Smoak assist Oliver in his crusade, Oliver also reconnects with ex-girlfriend, Laurel Lance, who is still angry over his role in her sisters presumed death. In season two, Oliver has vowed to stop crime without killing criminals and his family and allies come under attack from Slade Wilson, a man from Olivers time on the island who returns to destroy everything important to Oliver. Oliver accepts aspiring vigilante Roy Harper as his protégé, and begins to receive assistance from Laurels father, Detective Quentin Lance. Oliver also gains another ally, a woman in black, who is eventually revealed to be Laurels sister, Sara Lance. Flashbacks depict Olivers continued time on the island with Slade, Sara, in season three, Arrow has become a public hero in Starling City following Slade Wilsons defeat. Queen Consolidated is sold to businessman, scientist and aspiring hero Ray Palmer. Oliver struggles to bring his back together, an old enemy returns. After a tragic event and a start, Laurel sets out to follow in Saras footsteps as the Black Canary. Diggle struggles with his new role as a man, as Oliver no longer wants John in the field after the birth of his child
19.
Who Do You Think You Are? (UK TV series)
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Who Do You Think You Are. is a British genealogy documentary series that has aired on the BBC since 2004. In each episode, a celebrity traces their family tree and it is made by the production company Wall to Wall. Twelve series have been broadcast, with the twelfth airing from August to October 2015, the show has regularly attracted an audience of more than 6 million viewers. More than ten international adaptations of the show have been produced, Series one and two were broadcast on BBC Two, and the first was the channels highest-rating programme of 2004. This led to episodes being shown on BBC One from the series onwards. The current narrator is Cherie Lunghi, Mark Strong took over from David Morrissey after the first series, which was nominated for Best Factual Series or Strand in the 2005 BAFTAs. In the first series, the last ten minutes of each episode featured presenter Adrian Chiles, in 2007, a special episode was broadcast in conjunction with the BBCs Family Wanted campaign featuring Nicky Campbell, who was adopted a few days after he was born. The theme tune was composed by Mark Sayer-Wade, who provided the background music for earlier episodes. The music for episodes is provided by Julian Hamlin and Edmund Jolliffe. On 23 June 2015, the BBC confirmed the lineup for Series 12, on 13 July, the line-up for the 13th series was confirmed. The series started on 24 November 2016, the show was nominated for the 2010 BAFTA Television Award for Best Factual Series. Series 1 –11 of Who Do You Think You Are. are available on DVD in the UK, in October 2007, BBC Magazines began issuing Who Do You Think You Are. Magazine, a publication that includes material from the TV series. The series 1–4 box set of Who Do You Think You Are. is available, in September 2007, a first series of Canadian version, consisting of 13 episodes, aired on CBC Television. In 2008, ARDs Das Erste aired the German version, called Das Geheimnis meiner Familie and they aired four episodes featuring Marie-Luise Marjan, Armin Rohde, Christine Neubauer and Peter Maffay. Irelands national broadcaster RTÉ has aired two series of Irish version of Who Do You Think You Are. in autumn 2008, the Irish version has included internationally recognised names such as Ardal OHanlon, Dana, Rosanna Davison, and Dermot Gavin. The British version of the show airs on TG4 in Ireland. Sveriges Television, the Swedish public service broadcaster, aired a Swedish version called Vem tror du att du är. in 2009
20.
Rosebery School for Girls
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Rosebery School is an all-girls school located in Epsom, Surrey. It consists of a school for those aged between 11 and 16, and a Sixth Form for those aged between 16 and 18. It is situated close to the A24 and the railway, Rosebery School sits on an area of land given to the borough by Lord Rosebery, along with the nearby Rosebery Park. It is the product of the amalgamation of Rosebery Grammar School for Girls and it was founded in 1927 and became an academy on 1 December 2011. At Rosebery, pupils are organised into different houses, Malala, Elizabeth, Pankhurst, when a new pupil joins she is placed in a house, remaining part of it throughout her time at the school. Pupils who already have a sister in the join the house to which their sister already belongs. The houses names changed in 2016 to that of inspirational women and they were formerly Diamond, Sapphire, Ruby and Emerald. All girls in the school, Years 7-11, wear a uniform, recognised for its kilt. The school was opened by Lord Rosebery on his birthday and he gave permission for his name to be used for the school, current Sixth formers do not wear a uniform, but must wear appropriate clothing, no extremes of fashion are allowed. Girls will also, depending on which house they belong to, in 2006, Rosebery was awarded specialist status for Mathematics and ICT. Following this they installed a VLE or Virtual Learning Environment, which students and staff to post work. Jackie Ashley, Guardian journalist and broadcaster, peta Buscombe, Baroness Buscombe, Chairman of the Press Complaints Commission 2009-11 and previously Chief Executive of the Advertising Association 2007-9 Alex Kingston, actress, ER and Doctor Who. The most recent inspection occurred on 30th and 31st of January 2013, and was given an overall rating of good
21.
Tom Jones (Edward German)
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After a run in Manchester, England, the opera opened in London at the Apollo Theatre on 17 April 1907 for an initial run of 110 performances. It starred Ruth Vincent as Sophia and Hayden Coffin as Tom Jones, the piece also had a provincial tour and a popular Broadway run in 1907. It then disappeared from the repertory but eventually became very popular with amateur groups. The impresario Robert Courtneidge, noting the bicentennail of Fieldings birth in 1907 and he commissioned Thompson and Taylor to collaborate on the libretto and German to write the music. The eroticism of the novel was reduced for Edwardian audiences, the influences of Germans predecessor, Arthur Sullivan can be seen in the operas patter songs and the pseudo-madrigal, Here’s a paradox for lovers. However, the extended finales and much of the other music, the opera premiered at the Princes Theatre in Manchester, England, on 3 April 1907, opening in London at the Apollo Theatre on 17 April 1907 for an initial run of 110 performances. It starred Ruth Vincent as Sophia and Hayden Coffin as Tom Jones, carrie Moore played Honour, and the comedian Dan Rolyat played Partridge. The producers daughter, Cicely Courtneidge, made her professional début in the small rôle of Rosie, audiences and critics both received Tom Jones enthusiastically. The critic Neville Cardus wrote, Next morning I heard over and over again in my head most of the melodies, I returned to Tom Jones night after night, I sold several of my precious books to obtain admission. Tom Jones was still playing strongly at the Apollo when it closed after 110 performances and it would have run longer, but Courtneidge had already booked a provincial tour with the same cast. The piece also had a popular Broadway run beginning on 11 November 1907 and it then disappeared from the professional repertory. Richard Traubner asked in Opera News, But does a Tom Jones that pleased a refined Edwardian clientele still hold up, especially after Tony Richardsons famous 1963 film version. The libretto is almost devoid of ribaldry, many of the lyrics are a collection of Latin locutions and/or olde-English fa-la-las. Somehow, this composer of incidental music for the stage. Feels more at home in the world with the Elizabethan setting of his patriotic Merrie England. One wants a treatment for Tom Jones, perhaps along the lines of The Beggars Opera. You may. tire of so many jigs and other country dances. The opera is best known for a suite of three of its dance numbers for orchestra and the Act III waltz song, which can be found on numerous recordings, a 2009 recording by Naxos was the first complete professional recording of the opera, conducted by David Russell Hulme
22.
Sean Pertwee
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Sean Pertwee is an English actor and voice actor. Pertwee attended Teddington School and Sunbury College, Pertwee has played Captain Fitzpatrick in the play Tom Jones, Sergeant Wells in Dog Soldiers, Pilot Smith in Event Horizon, Inspector Lestrade in CBSs Elementary and Alfred Pennyworth in Foxs Gotham. He is also the narrator of MasterChef, The Professionals, Pertwee was born in London, the son of English actor Jon Pertwee, known for his roles in The Navy Lark, and his German wife Ingeborg Rhoesa. He attended Teddington School in London, in the early 1980s, Pertwee was cast as Captain Fitzpatrick in the play Tom Jones, based on the novel by Henry Fielding. After leaving Sunbury College, Pertwee trained at Bristol Old Vic Theatre School and, after graduating in 1986, in 1999 he portrayed Brutus in the Hallmark channel film Cleopatra. He co-owned the Natural Nylon film production company along with Sadie Frost, Jude Law, Jonny Lee Miller, and Ewan McGregor. Pertwee is perhaps best known for his portrayals of grimacing death in many of his film roles. Pertwee starred in the 2008 film Doomsday as Doctor Talbot and he is also the voice behind the Northeasts tourism advertisement which started broadcasting at the start of 2009. He was the narrator of Masterchef, The Professionals, replacing India Fisher for the series which began on 7 November 2011. Sean appeared in the film Devils Playground, a horror film directed by Mark McQueen. He starred alongside Danny Dyer, Jaime Murray, Janet Montgomery, the film was released in October 2010. Pertwee appeared in the Nazi zombie film The 4th Reich which he filmed in 2010, pertwees recent dramatic work for BBC Radio 4 includes playing the actor Oliver Reed in the play Burning Both Ends by Matthew Broughton. He is also known for being the agent in The first and second goal movie In 2014, Pertwee was cast in Foxs TV series Gotham, Pertwee portrays Alfred Pennyworth, a tough-as-nails ex-special forces from east London who loyally serves the Wayne family. In the wake of the deaths of Thomas and Martha Wayne. Pertwee is the brother of actress Dariel Pertwee, grandson of actor and screenwriter Roland Pertwee, jacqui gave birth to twins, Alfred and Gilbert, around Christmas 2001. They were born prematurely, Gilbert died four days later, Pertwee has been a supporter of the Labour Party and did a party political broadcast in the run up to the 2010 UK general election. In the broadcast he makes reference to his fathers resolve, Sean Pertwee at the Internet Movie Database Sean Pertwee at TV Guide Sean Pertwee on TV. com Sean Pertwee on Twitter
23.
Royal Shakespeare Company
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The Royal Shakespeare Company is a major British theatre company, based in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England. The companys home is in Stratford-upon-Avon, where it has recently redeveloped its Royal Shakespeare, the theatres re-opened in November 2010, having closed in 2007. The new buildings attracted 18,000 visitors within the first week, performances in Stratford-upon-Avon continued throughout the Transformation project at the temporary Courtyard Theatre. The 2011-season began with performances of Macbeth and a re-imagined lost play The History of Cardenio, the fiftieth birthday season also featured The Merchant of Venice with Sir Patrick Stewart and revivals of some of the RSCs greatest plays, including a new staging of Marat/Sade. For the London 2012 Festival as part of the Cultural Olympiad, in 2013 the company began live screenings of its Shakespeare productions – called Live from Stratford-upon-Avon – which are screened around the world. In 2016, the company collaborated with Intel and The Imaginarium Studios to stage The Tempest, John Wards Birmingham-based company, the Warwickshire Company of Comedians, agreed to perform it. A surviving copy of the records that the company performed Othello. The first building erected to commemorate Shakespeare was David Garricks Jubilee Pavilion in 1769, the first permanent commemorative building to Shakespeares works in the town was a theatre built in 1827, in the gardens of New Place, but has long since been demolished. The RSCs history began with the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, which was the brainchild of a local brewer and he donated a two-acre site by the River Avon and in 1875 launched an international campaign to build a theatre in the town of Shakespeares birth. The theatre, a Victorian-Gothic building seating just over 700 people, opened on 23 April 1879, with a performance of Much Ado About Nothing, a title which gave ammunition to several critics. From 1919, under the direction of William Bridges-Adams and after a slow start, the theatre received a Royal Charter of Incorporation in 1925, which gave it status. On the afternoon of 6 March 1926, when a new season was about to commence rehearsals, fire broke out, and the mass of half-timbering chosen to ornament the interior provided dry tinder. By the following morning the theatre was a blackened shell, the company transferred its Shakespeare festivals to a converted local cinema. Fund-raising began for the rebuilding of the theatre, with generous donations arriving from philanthropists in America, george Bernard Shaw commented that her design was the only one that showed any theatre sense. Her modernist plans for an art deco structure came under fire from many directions, later it came under the direction of Sir Barry Jackson in 1945, Anthony Quayle from 1948 to 1956 and Glen Byam Shaw 1957–1959, with an impressive roll-call of actors. Scotts building, with minor adjustments to the stage, remained in constant use until 2007 when it was closed for a major refit of the interior. Timeline,1932 – new Shakespeare Memorial Theatre opens, abutting the remains of the old,1961 – chartered name of the corporation and the Stratford theatre becomes ‘Royal Shakespeare. ’1974 – The Other Place opened, created from a prefabricated former store/rehearsal room in Stratford. 1986 – the Swan Theatre opened, created from the shell of the 1879 Memorial Theatre,1991 – Purpose-built new Other Place, designed by Michael Reardon, opens
24.
Grange Hill
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Grange Hill is a British television childrens drama series originally made by the BBC. The show began its run on 8 February 1978 on BBC1, after 30 years, the show was cancelled in 2008 as it was felt by the BBC that the series had run its course. The drama was centred on the comprehensive school of Grange Hill in the North London borough of Northam. The series was originally to have been called Grange Park, which would go on to be used as the name of the school in another Redmond creation, the Channel 4 soap opera Brookside. Grange Hill was originally conceived by ATV writer Phil Redmond, who first approached various television companies with the idea in 1975, from the start, the series caused controversy for its real-life, gritty portrayal of school life, which differed from the idealised portrayals of earlier school dramas. Redmond has said that he wasnt really able to start pushing the boundaries until later series and this led to Redmond being summoned to lunch by BBC bosses and forced to agree that there would be no further series unless he toned things down. Grange Hills highest profile period was undoubtedly the mid-late 1980s, one of the most famous storylines during this time was that of Zammo McGuire, played by Lee Macdonald, and his addiction to heroin. This storyline ran over two series and focused on Zammos descent into drugs and how it strained his relationship with girlfriend Jackie, the shows other favourite characters during this period were Gonch and Hollo, played by John Holmes and Bradley Sheppard. During his time at the school Gonch took part in many moneymaking schemes, there was a comedic element to the duos relationship that worked well with viewers. Script editor Anthony Minghella, who worked on the series for years during the 1980s. During the 1990s, Grange Hill did not receive the media attention that it had had just a few years before. The teachers were now equals in the narrative, with their lives taking up almost as much time as those of the pupils. In 1994, two characters were introduced with disabilities, Denny Roberts, who had dwarfism, and Rachel Burns, both characters were presented as one of the gang and hated being accorded any special treatment because of their circumstances. This prompted the BFIs 2002 publication The Hill And Beyond to comment that Grange Hill had perhaps become politically correct. Beginning on 4 April 1993, in celebration of the programmes 15th anniversary, the repeats ended with Series 16 in 1999. In the 1990s Grange Hill was repeated in full on satellite and cable channel UK Gold. In 1998, it reappeared on sister channel UK Gold Classics, which was a channel showing programmes previously aired on UK Gold. The channel lasted only six months, however, before becoming UK Gold 2 in April 1999, by 2001, the series was almost entirely issue-led and the decision to tackle the subject of rape upset some parents
25.
The Bill
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The Bill is a British police procedural television series, first broadcast on ITV from 16 October 1984 until 31 August 2010. The programme originated from a drama, Woodentop, broadcast in August 1983. In its final year on air, The Bill was broadcast once a week, usually on Tuesdays or Thursdays, the programme focused on the lives and work of one shift of police officers, rather than on any particular aspect of police work. The Bill was the police procedural television series in the United Kingdom. The title originates from Old Bill, a term for the police. Although highly acclaimed by fans and critics, the series attracted controversy on several occasions, an episode broadcast in 2008 was criticised for featuring fictional treatment for multiple sclerosis. The series has faced more general criticism concerning its levels of violence, particularly prior to 2009. The Bill won several awards, including BAFTAs, a Writers Guild of Great Britain award and Best Drama at the Inside Soap Awards in 2009, throughout its twenty-seven-year run, the programme was always broadcast on the main ITV network. In later years, episodes of the show were repeated on ITV3 on their week of broadcast, the series has also been repeated on other digital stations, including Gold, Alibi, Watch, Dave and Drama. In March 2010, executives at ITV announced that the network did not intend to recommission The Bill, the last episode aired on 31 August 2010. The Bill was originally conceived by Geoff McQueen in 1983, then a new television writer. McQueen had originally titled the production Old Bill, the first episode of the full series was Funny Ol Business – Cops & Robbers. With serialisation, the name of the changed from Woodentop to The Bill. In its first four years the series was broadcast between July onwards each year, with a 12-week summer break from May until the next July. In 1998, The Bill returned to hour-long episodes, which later became twice-weekly, with the Friday episode, being dropped, at which point the series adopted a much more serialised approach. When Paul Marquess took over as producer in 2002, as part of a drive for ratings. Many veteran characters were written out, leading to the Sun Hill fire during 2002, Marquess stated that the clearout was necessary to introduce plausible, powerful new characters. As part of the new format, much more of the characters personal lives were explored, however, as Marquess put it
26.
The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover
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The films graphic scatology, violence, and nude scenes, as well as its lavish cinematography and formalism, were noted at the time of its release. English gangster Albert Spica has taken over the high-class Le Hollandais Restaurant, Spica makes nightly appearances at the restaurant with his retinue of thugs. His oafish behavior causes frequent confrontations with the staff and his own customers, whose patronage he loses, forced to accompany Spica is his reluctant, well-bred wife, Georgina, who soon catches the eye of a quiet regular at the restaurant, bookshop owner Michael. Under her husbands nose, Georgina carries on an affair with Michael with the help of the restaurant staff, ultimately Spica learns of the affair, forcing Georgina to hide out at Michaels book depository. Boarst sends food to Georgina through his young employee Pup, a boy soprano who sings while working, Spica tortures the boy before finding the bookstores location written in a book the boy is carrying. Spicas men storm Michaels bookshop while Georgina is visiting the boy in hospital and they torture Michael to death by force-feeding him pages from his books. Georgina discovers his body when she returns, overcome with rage and grief, she begs Boarst to cook Michaels body, and he eventually complies. Together with all the people that Spica wronged throughout the film, Georgina confronts her husband finally at the restaurant, Georgina then shoots him in the head, calling him a cannibal. Jean-Paul Gaultier designed the costumes, and Michael Nyman wrote the score, giorgio Locatelli created the prop food. The films original running time was 124 minutes, due to the content, the MPAA gave Miramax a choice of either an X rating or go unrated for theatrical release. Unrated was chosen in light of the X rating being more associated with pornographic films, two versions of the film were released on VHS in the 1990s. One was an R-rated cut running 95 minutes, the other was the original version, the film received largely positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a 90% score based on 39 reviews. The sites consensus states, This romantic crime drama may not be to everyones taste, but The Cook, the Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover is the twelfth album release by Michael Nyman and the ninth to feature the Michael Nyman Band. The album includes the first commercially released recording of Memorial, edits of Memorial appear throughout the film, with the entire twelve-minute movement accompanying the final scene and end credits, but one variation is uniquely created for the film
27.
Croupier (film)
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Croupier is a 1999 British neo-noir film directed by Mike Hodges and starring Clive Owen. The film attracted a strong following in North America and helped to launch Owens acting career there. It uses interior monologues in the style of early noir detective films. Croupier was released on DVD by Alliance Atlantis in Canada and Image Entertainment in the US and it was disqualified from the Academy Awards after it was shown on Dutch television. Jack Manfred is an aspiring writer going nowhere fast, to make ends meet and against his better judgment, he takes a job as a croupier. The interview was set up by his father, a small-time hustler back home in South Africa, Jack finds himself drawn into the casino world, and the job gradually takes over his life. He goes drinking with Matt, a croupier who he knows is cheating the casino and he sleeps with a fellow croupier named Bella in contravention of casino policy. Bella confronts Jack at his apartment, accuses him of getting her fired, one gambler, Jani, tries to befriend Jack — another serious violation of casino rules. Jani shows him saying she got them from gambling creditors. All he has to do is raise the alarm when a gambler cheats at his table, Jack eventually agrees and accepts a £10,000 advance with an additional £10,000 if all goes well. In doing so, Jack notices that Janis injuries were faked, Marion reconciles with Jack but discovers that he is involved in something criminal and tries to foil it. On the night of the robbery, Jack raises the alarm anyway and they fail, and Jack and Marion have an argument but she stays with him. When a late-night knock at the door comes, Jack assumes it to be the casino robbers demanding the return of their advance money, instead, it is a policeman, who informs him that Marion has been killed in an apparent hit-and-run. Jack finishes his book and gets it published anonymously and it is a big success, but he doesnt change anything about his life, continuing to work as a croupier and live in his basement flat, not even buying the new car he wanted. Jack goes on with his life and gets another call, this one from Jani, then she puts his father on the phone, and he implies that he set up the croupier job for Jack in order to arrange for the attempted robbery, and he benefited as well. Stunned but amused, Jack hangs up, just then, Bella appears from the bedroom and kisses him. Car Dealer The film critics aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes gave a 98% positive rating based on 53 reviews, critic Roger Ebert gave the film three stars, remarking that the point of the film was not the plot, but the atmosphere and characterization. He also lauded the realistic depiction of the casino itself, stephen Holden in the New York Times called the movie, a breezy meditation on life as a game of chance
28.
Essex Boys
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Essex Boys is a 2000 British crime film. It was directed by Terry Winsor and stars Sean Bean, Alex Kingston, Tom Wilkinson, Charlie Creed-Miles, in particular Southend on Sea, Clacton and the Dartford Crossing, where the gang travels from Kent to Essex. The film met with negative critical reviews, maintaining a 17% rating at Rotten Tomatoes. The viewer ratings have generally more positive Essex Boys The Hit Essex Boys at the Internet Movie Database Essex Boys on Rotten Tomatoes OMahoney. Research, Court Records & other articles
29.
Boudica (film)
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Boudica is a British television film released in 2003. Starring Alex Kingston, Steven Waddington and Emily Blunt, in her acting debut, Boudica, the Warrior Queen on Britain, leads her tribe into rebellion against the Roman Empire and the mad Emperor of Rome Nero. The film used locations in the United Kingdom and Romania, the Boudica statue by Thomas Thornycroft near Westminster Pier, London, was used for the films closing scenes in modern-day London. In Romania, the MediaPro Studios, Bucharest, were used, the film has been released as A Rainha da Era do Bronze in Brazil, as La Reina de los guerreros in Argentina and as Warrior Queen in the United States. According to the movie, King Prasutagus of the Icenii died at about the time as the Roman emperor Claudius. However, the latter died in 54 AD, while the former died in 61 AD, List of historical drama films List of films set in ancient Rome Boudica at the Internet Movie Database Boudica at AllMovie Warrior Queen PBS Masterpiece Theatre entry
30.
Boudica
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Boudica or Boudicca was a queen of the British Celtic Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire in AD60 or 61, and died shortly after its failure. Boudicas husband, Prasutagus, ruled as an independent ally of Rome and left his kingdom jointly to his daughters. However, when he died, his will was ignored, according to Tacitus, Boudica was flogged and her daughters raped. They destroyed Camulodunum, earlier the capital of the Trinovantes but at that time a colonia, upon hearing of the revolt, Suetonius hurried to Londinium, the 20-year-old commercial settlement that was the rebels next target. The Romans, having concluded that they lacked sufficient numbers to defend the settlement, Boudica led 100,000 Iceni, Trinovantes, and others to fight Legio IX Hispana, and burned and destroyed Londinium and Verulamium. An estimated 70, 000–80,000 Romans and British were killed in the three cities by those led by Boudica, Suetonius, meanwhile, regrouped his forces in the West Midlands, and, despite being heavily outnumbered, defeated the Britons in the Battle of Watling Street. The crisis caused Nero to consider withdrawing all Roman forces from Britain, Boudica then either killed herself to avoid capture, or died of illness. The extant sources, Tacitus and Cassius Dio, differ, interest in these events revived in the English Renaissance and led to Boudicas fame in the Victorian era. Boudica has remained an important cultural symbol in the United Kingdom, in 2002, she was number 35 in the BBCs poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. The absence of native British literature during the part of the first millennium means that knowledge of Boudicas rebellion comes solely from the writings of the Romans. Boudica has been known by several versions of her name, raphael Holinshed calls her Voadicia, while Edmund Spenser calls her Bunduca, a version of the name that was used in the popular Jacobean play Bonduca, in 1612. William Cowpers poem, Boadicea, an ode popularised a version of the name. Her name was clearly spelled Boudicca in the best manuscripts of Tacitus, but also Βουδουικα, Βουνδουικα, the Gaulish version is attested in inscriptions as Boudiga in Bordeaux, Boudica in Lusitania, and Bodicca in Algeria. The closest English equivalent to the vowel in the first syllable is the ow in bow-and-arrow, the modern English pronunciation is /ˈbuːdɪkə/, and it has been suggested that the most comparable English name, in meaning only, would be Victoria. Tacitus and Cassius Dio agree that Boudica was of royal descent, Dio describes her as possessed of greater intelligence than often belongs to women. He also describes her as tall, with hair hanging down to below her waist, a harsh voice. He notes that she wore a large golden necklace, a colourful tunic. Boudicca’s husband, Prasutagus, was the king of the Iceni, the Iceni initially voluntarily allied with Rome following Claudiuss conquest of southern Britain AD43
31.
Sweet Land
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Sweet Land is a 2005 American independent period drama film written and directed by Ali Selim. It is an adaptation of the 1989 short story A Gravestone Made of Wheat by Will Weaver, the film stars Elizabeth Reaser, Tim Guinee, Lois Smith, Ned Beatty, John Heard, Alex Kingston and Alan Cumming. In the aftermath of World War I, Inge Altenberg, an orphan from Snåsa, Norway, the parents of immigrant farmer Olaf Torvik remain in Norway, where they met her. Dialogue reveals that the four of them have worked out an agreement that allowed her to emigrate to America for the purpose of marrying Olaf. The Minnesota farming village of Audubon, in which her husband lives, is horrified to learn that she is a German immigrant with no papers. To make matters worse, she has obtained membership papers for the American Socialist Party. Scandalized, both the towns Lutheran minister and the county clerk refuse to marry them, when events lead them to openly cohabit with each other, they find themselves ostracized by the entire town. They are then forced to harvest their crop completely by hand and this particular harvest season brings not only work, but love as well. Director Ali Selim first read Will Weavers short story A Gravestone Made of Wheat in 1989 in the Sunday magazine of the Star Tribune, a Minneapolis newspaper. After purchasing the rights, he spent much of the 1990s working on a script in his spare time as he worked as a director of television commercials. Two early supporters of the project were actors Alan Cumming, who played Frandsen, and Gil Bellows, Selim met Cumming while screening a short film in Los Angeles, he knew Bellows from directing him in a steak-sauce commercial. Bellows helped Selim get the script into workshops in Los Angeles, but no Hollywood studios were interested in making the film. In 2004, Selim raised about $1 million to produce the film himself, mostly from private investors in Minnesota, dan Futterman, whom Selim also had directed in commercials, was originally cast as Olaf but had to drop out when his film Capote went into production. Futterman suggested Tim Guinee as his replacement, the role of Frandsen, a character that does not appear in the short story, was written for Alan Cumming. Alex Kingston was a friend of Cummings from their days in London. Elizabeth Reaser signed on after another actress dropped out because of a scheduling conflict, Reaser initially balked at having to master her multilingual dialogue on such short notice, and she tried to back out of the audition. Her agent talked her out of it, and she got the part, Sweet Land was filmed in 24 days in October 2004 in and around Montevideo, a city in Chippewa County, Minnesota. Local residents served as extras in the film as well as contributed antique cars, Reaser does not speak German and had to learn her lines phonetically despite only four sessions with a dialogue coach
32.
ER (season 4)
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The fourth season of the American fictional drama television series ER first aired on September 25,1997 and concluded on May 14,1998. The fourth season consists of 22 episodes, season four opens with the live episode Ambush, performed twice. Dr. Morgenstern, head of the ER, has a heart attack, weaver agrees to temporarily step in until he recovers. Unfortunately, when Morgenstern does come back, he cannot perform surgery like he used to do because he now knows what it is like to be a patient. After a surgical accident that takes a life, Morgenstern decides to permanently step down as head of the ER. Two new physicians join the ER, Dr. Anna Del Amico, played by Maria Bello, Corday came to America under the fellowship of Dr. Robert Rocket Romano, but their relationship sours towards the end of the season. After she rejects Romano when he asks her out, he not to renew her fellowship. She is forced to choose whether she moves back to England or stays in America as an intern, meanwhile, as Greene copes with his beating, he and Ross take a vacation to California to bury Ross dad. While there, Greene visits his own parents, where he finds out that his mother is sick, back in Chicago, he begins to date new ER desk clerk Cynthia Hooper. The relationship is physical, and when Greene has to visit his parents again later in the season, she comes along. After the awkward breakup, Cynthia leaves, but Greene stays to take care of his ailing mother. Ross and Hathaway get more serious when Ross surprises Hathaway and proposes to her in front of the ER staff and she later has commitment issues when she kisses a vulnerable paramedic. She tells Ross, and he reacts angrily, after a short time, Ross forgives her and tells her he will wait until she is ready to be married. In addition, Hathaway is able to open a clinic in the ER with the help of Carters grandmother. Ross vies for a pediatric attending position in the ER, a lonely Corday starts a relationship with Benton, which causes friction with Bentons family because she is white. Weaver attends a Synergix seminar to see how to manage the ER. She begins to date a Synergix representative, Ellis West, who advises her to fire a physicians assistant, Jeanie fights for her job, claiming that she was fired because of her HIV status. Facing a lawsuit, Chief of Staff Donald Anspaugh decides to hire her back, weaver begins to see Synergixs dark side, and breaks up with West because she feels he is using her, effectively cutting off all ties with Synergix
33.
Ageism
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Ageism is stereotyping and discriminating against individuals or groups on the basis of their age. This may be casual or systematic, the term was coined in 1969 by Robert Neil Butler to describe discrimination against seniors, and patterned on sexism and racism. Butler defined ageism as a combination of three connected elements, moreover, it has been pointed out that stigmatization does not only occur outside of the cohesively imagined group of the elderly but likewise takes place within the stigmatized group itself. It can also be passive and covert to drive the notion that the place is young, Ageism in common parlance and age studies usually refers to negative discriminatory practices against old people, people in their middle years, teenagers and children. There are several forms of age-related bias, adultism is a predisposition towards adults, which is seen as biased against children, youth, and all young people who are not addressed or viewed as adults. Jeunism is the discrimination against older people in favor of younger ones, adultcentricism is the exaggerated egocentrism of adults. Adultocracy is the convention which defines maturity and immaturity, placing adults in a dominant position over young people. Gerontocracy is a form of rule in which an entity is ruled by leaders who are significantly older than most of the adult population. Chronocentrism is primarily the belief that a state of humanity is superior to all previous and/or future times. Based on an analysis of ageism, a new definition of ageism was introduced by Iversen, Larsen. Ageism can be implicit or explicit and can be expressed on a micro-, meso- or macro-level, implicit ageism is the term used to refer to the implicit or subconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors one has about older or younger people. These may be a mixture of positive and negative thoughts and feelings, ageist stereotyping is a tool of cognition which involves categorizing into groups and attributing characteristics to these groups. Stereotypes are necessary for processing huge volumes of information which would otherwise overload a person, for example, age-based stereotypes prime one to draw very different conclusions when one sees an older and a younger adult with, say, back pain or a limp. One might well assume that the persons condition is temporary and treatable, following an accident, while the older persons condition is chronic. On average, this might be true, but plenty of people have accidents and recover quickly. Another example is when people are rude to children because of their high pitched voice, even if they are kind, a review of the research literature related to age stereotypes in the workplace was recently published in the Journal of Management. Contrary to common and more obvious forms of stereotyping, such as racism and sexism, ageism is more resistant to change. For instance, if a child believes in an ageist idea against the elderly, fewer people correct them, in other words, ageism can become a self-fulfilling prophecy
34.
Without a Trace
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Without a Trace is an American police procedural television drama series that originally aired on CBS from September 26,2002, to May 19,2009. The series follows the cases of a Missing Persons Unit of the FBI in New York City, on May 19,2009, CBS announced the cancellation of the series after seven seasons. Each episode followed the search for one individual under tight time constraints, the stories also focused on the personal lives of the team members and illustrated how their experiences gave them insight into cases. The team consisted of Jack Malone, Samantha Spade, Vivian Johnson, Danny Taylor, Martin Fitzgerald, and Elena Delgado, the real FBI does investigate missing persons, specifically, they have the authority to help in any mysterious disappearances of children abducted by nonfamily members. The groups that investigate these crimes are called Child Abduction Rapid Deployment teams and they get involved in other missing persons cases as needed but do not have a dedicated unit. One element that set the series apart from other TV police dramas was the display of information about missing persons at the end of most episodes. This resulted in a kidnapped brother and sister being found on July 25,2005, at least five people have been found as a result of those announcements. Occasionally, such information was replaced with other public-service announcements, such as an episode about a suicide which presented information on a suicide help line. Without a Trace took place within Jerry Bruckheimers CSI, Crime Scene Investigation universe, a crossover episode featured characters Gil Grissom from CSI and Jack Malone from Without a Trace working together to solve the same case. Without a Trace debuted as part of the CBS fall line-up in 2002, created by Hank Steinberg and it was the first show to achieve strong ratings opposite longtime NBC hit medical drama ER—which, like Without a Trace, is produced by Warner Bros. The first two showrunners were Steinberg and Ed Redlich, between seasons two and three, Redlich moved away from active participation in the series, with staff writers Jan Nash and Greg Walker taking over. In the middle of four, Steinberg left to produce the series The Nine. The show is the only primetime U. S. drama to feature two Australians and a Brit playing Americans in the regular cast, in 2003, the TNT Network acquired syndication rights to the series for US$1.4 million per episode. Without a Trace ran on Thursdays at 10 pm until September 2006, in the 2007–2008 season, it swapped timeslots with Shark, returning it to its old timeslot on Thursdays. However, this lasted only until the 2008–2009 season, when it moved to Tuesdays at 10 pm, on May 19,2009, it was reported that the series would not be returning for an eighth season, the morning before the series finale aired. In the first season, the team is introduced to the viewers, as the team continues to track down missing people, Jack and his wife slide towards divorce, while Jack must also care for his father who has Alzheimers disease. The team members life histories are revealed, including the fact that Martin was practically raised by his aunt and uncle, Martin fatally shoots a child sex trafficker, and both Vivian and he must keep quiet to keep their jobs. CBS argued that the featured a important and socially relevant storyline warning parents to exercise greater supervision of their teenaged children
35.
Paul McCrane
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Paul David McCrane is an American film, television and theatre actor, as well as a television director and singer. He is perhaps best known for his portrayal of Montgomery MacNeil in the 1980 film Fame, Emil Antonowsky in RoboCop, McCrane was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the son of Eileen C. a nurse, and James J. McCrane, Jr. an actor and writer. He has a brother, Jim, and three sisters, Maureen, Barbara, and Deirdre and his family moved to Richboro, Pennsylvania, where he lived until he moved to New York City after graduating from Holy Ghost Preparatory School in 1978. An early role, when he was just 17 years of age, is in a scene in Rocky II, playing a wheelchair bound. With an abundance of red hair, McCrane portrayed the earnest Montgomery MacNeil in Fame and he was the lead vocalist on three songs in the feature film, Dogs in the Yard, Miles from Here and Is it Okay if I Call You Mine. He also had a solo in I Sing the Body Electric, after a recurring role as the snarky Dr. Robert Rocket Romano on ER, he became a regular cast member and returned for one episode during its 15th and final season. McCrane guest-starred in 24 Seasons 5 and 6 as Graem Bauer and he has also appeared on Ugly Betty and CSI, Crime Scene Investigation. In 2011, McCrane took on the role of Assistant District Attorney Josh Peyton in the NBC television program Harrys Law. McCrane won the 2011 Emmy Award for Guest Actor in a Drama Series for his performance in the role, McCrane married Dana Kellin, a jewelry designer, in 1998. They have two children, William Thomas and Noa Cathryn, McCrane and Kellin met in a yoga class in 1996. 1980, Is It Okay If I Call You Mine, / Dogs in the Yard Paul McCrane at the Internet Movie Database
36.
Gang
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Some criminal gang members are jumped in or have to prove their loyalty by committing acts such as theft or violence. A member of a gang may be called a gangster or a thug, in early usage, the word gang referred to a group of workmen. In the United Kingdom, the word is often used in this sense. In current usage, it denotes a criminal organization or else a criminal affiliation. The word gang often carries a connotation, however, within a gang which defines itself in opposition to mainstream norms. The word gang derives from the past participle of Old English gan and it is cognate with Old Norse gangster, meaning journey. In discussing banditry in American history Barrington Moore, Jr, according to some estimates the Thuggee gangs in India murdered 1 million people between 1740 and 1840. The 17th century saw London terrorized by a series of organized gangs, some of known as the Mims, Hectors, Bugles. These gangs often came into conflict with each other, the members dressed with colored ribbons to distinguish the different factions. Chicago had over 1,000 gangs in the 1920s, Gang involvement in drug trafficking increased during the 1970s and 1980s, but some gangs continue to have minimal involvement in the trade. In the United States, the history of gangs began on the East Coast in 1783 following the American Revolution, the emergence of the gangs was largely attributed to the vast rural population immigration to the urban areas. The first street-gang in the United States, the 40 Thieves, the gangs in Washington D. C. had control of what is now Federal Triangle, in a region then known as Murder Bay. In 2007, there were approximately 785,000 active street gang members in the United States, approximately 230,000 gang members were in U. S. prisons or jails in 2011. According to the Chicago Crime Commission publication, The Gang Book 2012, traditionally Los Angeles County has been considered the Gang Capital of America, with an estimated 120,000 gang members. There were at least 30,000 gangs and 800,000 gang members active across the USA in 2007, about 900,000 gang members lived within local communities across the country, and about 147,000 were in U. S. prisons or jails in 2009. By 1999, Hispanics accounted for 47% of all members, Blacks 31%, Whites 13%. A December 13,2009 The New York Times article about growing gang violence on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation estimated that there were 39 gangs with 5,000 members on that reservation alone. There are between 25,000 and 50,000 gang members in Central Americas El Salvador, more than 1,800 gangs were known to be operating in the UK in 2011
37.
Nurse Ratched
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Nurse Ratched is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Ken Keseys 1962 novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, as well as the 1975 film. A cold, heartless tyrant, Nurse Ratched has become the stereotype of the nurse as a battleaxe and she has also become a popular metaphor for the corrupting influence of power and authority in bureaucracies such as the mental institution in which the novel is set. Louise Fletcher won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Nurse Ratched in the film, the hairstyle for Nurse Ratched was created by Carrie White. Louise Fletcher has said that the hairstyle was a symbol that life had stopped for her a time ago. Nurse Ratched was named the fifth-greatest villain in history by the American Film Institute in their series 100 Years. The role was turned down by Anne Bancroft, Angela Lansbury, Geraldine Page, Colleen Dewhurst, Fletcher had only acted once in the 13 years before appearing in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. She was thought of for the role after Shelley Duvall was suggested for an alternative role and she capriciously revokes these privileges whenever a patient displeases her. When Randle McMurphy arrives at the hospital, however, he flouts her rules with impunity and her attempts to cow him into submission—at first with threats and mild punishments, then with shock therapy—are unsuccessful, serving only to fuel his defiance. Eventually McMurphy sneaks his prostitute girlfriend into the asylum, and encourages her to relieve fellow patient Billy Bibbitt of his virginity, when Ratched discovers what has happened, she threatens to tell Billys mother about the transgression. Enraged, McMurphy attacks Ratched and chokes her nearly to death, in retribution, Ratched has McMurphy lobotomized. Chief Bromden, another patient and the narrator of the novel, with McMurphy gone, Ratcheds order is restored, but her power is gone, the patients no longer fear her, and her loud, authoritative voice is reduced to a thin whisper. Nurse Ratched is a character in the ABC TV series Once Upon a Time. She is portrayed by Ingrid Torrance and works for the Evil Queen as a nurse in the hospital in Storybrooke. Although she appears in episodes, her name is first revealed in the fifth season premiere The Dark Swan
38.
Christian Slater
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Christian Michael Leonard Slater is an American actor and producer. He made his debut with a leading role in the 1985 film The Legend of Billie Jean. He played an apprentice alongside Sean Connery in The Name of the Rose. In the 1990s, Slater starred in big budget films, including Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves, Interview with the Vampire, FernGully, The Last Rainforest, Broken Arrow. He was also featured in the cult film True Romance, since 2000, Slater has combined work in the film business with television, including appearances in The West Wing and Alias and starring in Breaking In and Mind Games. Slater was born in New York City, the son of Michael Hawkins, an actor known as Michael Gainsborough, and Mary Jo Slater. Slater has a maternal half-brother, Ryan Slater, who is also an actor and his great-uncle was radio personality Bill Slater. Although he played her characters brother in the movie The Legend of Billie Jean. He attended the Dalton School, the Professional Childrens School and the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art, Slaters first television role was on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live when he was 8 years old. Following a run on Ryans Hope, he made his Broadway debut as the lisping Winthrop Paroo opposite Dick Van Dyke in the 1980 revival of The Music Man, additional Broadway credits include Copperfield, Merlin, Macbeth, Side Man, and The Glass Menagerie. In addition he has performed in Londons West End in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Slater made his big screen debut in 1985s The Legend of Billie Jean playing Billie Jean’s brother Binx. Though expected to be a big hit, the film fell short at the box office and his career improved with his role in The Name of the Rose alongside Sean Connery. Slater played Connerys apprentice monk while they investigated a series of murders at a Benedictine abbey, Slater followed this by playing Junior Tucker in Francis Ford Coppolas Tucker, The Man and His Dream, Gleaming the Cube and Beyond the Stars. Slaters career rose to new heights when he played the dark character J. D. in the 1989 film Heathers alongside Winona Ryder, Heathers was billed as the teen film of the late 1980s. Slater beat out other actors such as Brad Pitt for the part. In 1991, Slater was cast as Will Scarlett in the Hollywood big budget production of Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves alongside Kevin Costner, the film was a commercial success, taking US$390 million worldwide, and Slater became one of the major A-list stars of the 1990s. With Slater being a big Star Trek fan, he accepted a role in Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country. The following year he starred in Kuffs, in his review of True Romance Roger Ebert awarded the movie 3 stars out of 4 and commented, the energy and style of the movie are exhilarating
39.
Randle McMurphy
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Randle Patrick Mac McMurphy known as R. P. McMurphy, is the protagonist of Ken Keseys novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. He appears in the stage and film adaptations of the novel as well, jack Nicholson portrayed Randle Patrick McMurphy in the film adaption, earning him an Academy Award for Best Actor. He was nominated on the Heroes list of AFIs 100 Years,100 Heroes and Villains, but did not make the final list. He was ranked by film magazine Empire as the 61st Greatest Movie Character of All Time, McMurphy is an Irish-American brawler found guilty of battery, gambling and statutory rape. McMurphys ward in the institution is run by the tyrannical Nurse Ratched. McMurphy makes it his mission to flout Ratcheds regime of rules and punishment, in the former, McMurphy sees a younger brother figure whom he wants to teach to have fun, while the latter is his only real confidant. McMurphy becomes ensnared in a number of power-games with Nurse Ratched and he ends up as the clear winner, reminding the other patients how to enjoy life and stand up for themselves, and persuading them to act out against Ratcheds bullying. Ratched unsuccessfully tries to break his spirit through repeated shock therapy treatments, in the novels climax, McMurphy sneaks two prostitutes into the ward to take Billys virginity, while he and the others throw a party. Ratched catches them and threatens to tell Billys mother—the only woman he fears more than her—which terrifies him so much that he commits suicide by slitting his throat, enraged, McMurphy attacks Ratched and nearly strangles her, but is knocked unconscious by one of her associates. For this, Ratched has McMurphy lobotomized, which is to be seen as a kind of castration, chief Bromden smothers McMurphy in an act of euthanasia, and then breaks a window to flee from the asylum, fulfilling McMurphys wish for him to be free. Glen O. Gabbard and Krin Gabbard, authors of Psychiatry, mcMurphy’s domination of Ratched is described as a heroic sacrifice, for the redemption and freedom of the men of the ward. When Ratched returns to the following the attack, she is bruised. Gabbard, Glen O. and Krin Gabbard, the Breasts of Big Nurse, Satire versus Narrative in Keseys One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Modern Language Studies Vol.22. No. John Wiley & Sons, September 23,2011, One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest, Rising to Heroism by M. Gilbert Porter. Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Viking Press,1962 Meloy, fixing Men, Castration, Impotence, and Masculinity in Ken Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. Vitkus, Daniel J. and ﭬﻴﺘﻜﺲ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﺎﻝ, Madness and Misogyny in Ken Keseys One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest / ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﻥ ﻭﻧﺒﺬ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺭﻭﺍﻳﺔ ﻛﻦ ﻛﻴﺴﻲ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻋﺶ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺍﻕ. Alif, Journal of Comparative Poetics No,14. Madness and Civilization / الجنون والحضارة, 64-90. Department of English and Comparative Literature, American University in Cairo and American University in Cairo Press Web.15 Nov.2014
40.
Garrick Theatre
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The Garrick Theatre is a West End theatre, located on Charing Cross Road, in the City of Westminster, named for the stage actor David Garrick. It opened in 1889 with The Profligate, a play by Arthur Wing Pinero, in its early years, the Garrick appears to have specialised in the performance of melodrama. The theatre later became associated with comedies, including No Sex Please, Were British, there was previously another theatre that was sometimes called the Garrick in London, on Leman Street, opened in 1831 and demolished in 1881. The new Garrick Theatre was financed in 1889 by the playwright W. S. Gilbert, the author of over 75 plays, including the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas. It was designed by Walter Emden, with C. J. Phipps brought in as a consultant to help with the planning on the site after an underground river was discovered in the excavation. Originally the theatre had 800 seats on four levels, but the level has since been closed. The theatres first manager was Gilberts friend John Hare, the first play at the theatre, The Profligate, by Arthur Wing Pinero and starring Hare, opened on 24 April 1889. Sydney Grundys long-running French-style comedy A Pair of Spectacles opened here in February 1890, Mrs Patrick Campbell starred five years later in Pineros The Notorious Mrs. Ebbsmith. In 1900, the theatre hosted J. M. Barries The Wedding Guest, the only piece actually premiered by W. S. Gilbert here was Harlequin and the Fairys Dilemma, a Domestic Pantomime. In 1921, Basil Rathbone played Dr. Lawson in The Edge o Beyond at the Garrick, in 1925 Henry Daniell played there as Jack Race in Cobra and appeared there again as Paul Cortot in Marriage by Purchase in March 1932. A proposed redevelopment of Covent Garden by the GLC in 1968 saw the theatre under threat, together with the nearby Vaudeville, Adelphi, Lyceum and Duchess theatres. An active campaign by Equity, the Musicians Union, and theatre owners under the auspices of the Save London Theatres Campaign led to the abandonment of the scheme. The gold-leaf auditorium was restored in 1986 by the stage designer Carl Toms, the theatre has mostly been associated with comedies or comedy-dramas. More recent productions are listed below and include No Sex Please, Were British, in 1995, the Royal National Theatres multi-award winning production of J. B. Priestleys An Inspector Calls opened here, having played successful seasons at the Royal National Theatres Lyttelton and Olivier theatres as well as the Aldwych Theatre, the interior retains many of its original features, and was Grade II* listed by English Heritage in September 1960. 1972 – Anthony Shaffers Sleuth transferred 1977 – Side By Side By Sondheim transferred and was a continuing success,111 ISBN 0-7136-5688-3 Whos Who in the Theatre, edited by John Parker, tenth edition, revised, London,1947, pps, 477–478 and 1184. Official Garrick Theatre Website Article on Garrick Theatre Information about the Garrick and other Victorian theatres
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One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (play)
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One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is a play based on Ken Keseys 1962 novel of the same name. Since then, the play has had two revivals, first off-Broadway in 1971, with Danny DeVito as Martini, then as a Broadway production in 2001 with Gary Sinise as McMurphy. The film version One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest was released in 1975 was based on the novel, DeVito reprised his stage role in the film. The 1963–64 Broadway production starred Kirk Douglas as Randle Patrick McMurphy, Gene Wilder as Billy Bibbit, William Daniels as Harding, Ed Ames as Chief Bromden, and Joan Tetzel at Nurse Ratched. Douglas retained the rights to make a version of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest for a decade. Eventually, he gave the rights to his son Michael, who succeeded in getting the film produced, at that time, Kirk Douglas was deemed too old for the role of McMurphy, and the role was given to Jack Nicholson. In 1982 Greg Hersov directed a production at the Royal Exchange, Manchester with Jonathan Hackett as Randle McMurphy, Linda Marlowe as Nurse Ratched, in April 1988, the Playhouse Theatre was the site for the first London production of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. The play was brought to the London stage by Cuckoo Productions, formed by Diane Hilton, Karin Parnaby and they raised £100,000 in 24 hours to bring the play to the London theatre. In 2001, the Steppenwolf Theatre Company produced a Broadway revival and this production was directed by Terry Kinney and starred Gary Sinise, Amy Morton, Tim Sampson, Eric Johner, and Ross Lehman. A production of the play was staged by Londons Tower Theatre Company 23–27 October 2012 Upstairs at the Gatehouse, Highgate, original Productions ITDb 1971 revivals ITDb 2001 revivals ITDb
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Lynette Scavo
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Lynette Scavo is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists on the series Desperate Housewives. While show creator Marc Cherry based Bree Van de Kamps family on his teenage years, other actresses who claim to have auditioned for the show include Alex Kingston, who was apparently turned down for being too curvy. Lynette Marie Lindquist was the eldest of three born to Stella Lindquist and her first husband. After their fathers death, their mother had a series of unpleasant and unstable boyfriends, but finally married Glenn Wingfield, after a short time, Glenn left, and Lynette blamed her mother for driving him away for a long time. Stella finally remarries in season seven but is widowed about a week after their wedding, in season one it is learned that she met Tom when they worked together in Advertising. They married and moved to Wisteria Lane, after Noras death, Kayla moved in full-time from season three to the end of season four. Lynette is always willing to do what is best for her family, as the series begins, Lynette is near to breaking point - stuck at home alone with four kids. Her husband is away on business trips or at work. Lynette struggled to cope with her four children until Preston and Porter were prescribed medication for ADHD, Lynette decided not to medicate them and started taking the medication herself so she could make the costumes for a school play. Realising she was addicted, Lynette managed to stop taking the pills after she, unfortunately the nanny didnt stay long as she caught Toms eye a little too much. When Tom found out what Lynette had done, he quit his job, Lynette also has trouble with Toms ex-girlfriend, Annabel Foster. So, she talks to an executive of her old firm, and Toms firm, to hire his ex as the VP of the firm, which she willingly does. When Tom finds out what Lynette had done, he forgives her, and decides to be a dad, where she has to go back to work. Lynette got a job at an agency and for much of the season, deals with obstacles at work. Stu, a secretary at the agency, is kind to Lynette. Nina is the boss from hell, bitchy, self-centered and neurotic and she causes Lynette many problems and stresses her out with work. Ed, the boss, is the cool guy but his faults lead to Tom being fired after working with her at the agency for a while. Lynette also testifies for Bree when she is accused of child abuse, at the end of the season, Lynette thinks Tom is cheating on her but discovers Tom has another child - resulting from a one-night stand before he met Lynette - a daughter, Kayla Huntington
