1.
Mitte (locality)
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Mitte is a central locality of Berlin in the homonymous district of Mitte. Until 2001 it was itself an autonomous district and it comprises the historic centre of Alt-Berlin around the churches of St. Nicholas and St. For these reasons Mitte is considered the heart of Berlin, the history of Mitte corresponds to the history of the entire city until the early 20th century, and with the Greater Berlin Act in 1920 it became the first district of the city. It was among the areas of the city most heavily damaged in World War II and this ended on 1 January 1961, when western Staaken was incorporated into then East German Falkensee, which had already been under its de facto administration since 1 June 1952. Between 1961 and 1990 Mitte, one of the most important boroughs of East Berlin, one of the most important border crossings was Checkpoint Charlie, near Kreuzberg. Situated in central Berlin and mostly in its old town, it is traversed by the river Spree and it borders the localities of Tiergarten, Moabit, Wedding, Gesundbrunnen, Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain, and Kreuzberg
2.
Museum Island
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Museum Island is the name of the northern half of an island in the Spree river in the central Mitte district of Berlin, Germany, the site of the old city of Cölln. The Neues Museum finished in 1859 according to plans by Friedrich August Stüler, destroyed in World War II, it was rebuilt under the direction of David Chipperfield for the Egyptian Museum of Berlin and re-opened in 2009. It exhibits the sculpture collections and late Antique and Byzantine art, the Pergamon Museum, the final museum of the complex, constructed in 1930. It contains multiple reconstructed immense and historically significant buildings such as the Pergamon Altar, in 1999, the museum complex was added to the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. A first exhibition hall was erected in 1797 at the suggestion of the archaeologist Aloys Hirt, in 1822, Schinkel designed the plans for the Altes Museum to house the royal Antikensammlung, the arrangement of the collection was overseen by Wilhelm von Humboldt. The island, originally an area, was dedicated to art. Further extended under succeeding Prussian kings, the collections of art. They are today maintained by the Berlin State Museums branch of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation, Museum Island further comprises the Lustgarten park and the Berlin Cathedral. Between the Bode and Pergamon Museums it is crossed by the Stadtbahn railway viaduct, the adjacent territory to the south is the site of the former Stadtschloss and the Palace of the Republic. These include the Priams Treasure, also called the gold of Troy, excavated by Heinrich Schliemann in 1873, then smuggled out of Turkey to Berlin and today kept at the Pushkin Museum in Moscow. Then, six months later, Peter-Klaus Schuster took over and set in motion a far more ambitious program intended to turn Museum Island into a Louvre on the Spree. The federal government pledged $20 million a year through 2010 for projects to enhance Berlins prestige and Unesco declaring the island a World Heritage Site. The contents of the museums were decided on as follows, The Pergamon, with the Greek altar that gives it its name, the Neues Museum presented archaeological objects as well as Egyptian and Etruscan sculptures, including the renowned bust of Queen Nefertiti. The Altes Museum, the oldest on the island, displayed Greek and Roman art objects on its first floor, the Bode Museums paintings went from Late Byzantine to 1800. And, as now, the Alte Nationalgalerie will cover the 19th century, the James Simon Gallery, a $94 million visitors’ center designed by the British architect David Chipperfield, is being built beside the Neues Museum. It will in turn be linked to the Neues, Altes, Pergamon, once the Museum Island Master Plan is completed, the so-called Archaeological Promenade will connect four of the five museums in the Museum Island. The Promenade will begin at the Old Museum in the south, lead through the New Museum, before World War II, these museums were connected by bridge passages above ground, they were destroyed due to the effects of the war. There have never been plans to them, instead, the central courts of individual museums will be lowered
3.
Fischerinsel
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Fischerinsel is the southern part of the island in the River Spree which was formerly the location of the city of Cölln and is now part of central Berlin. The northern part of the island is known as Museum Island, Fischerinsel is normally said to extend south from Gertraudenstraße and is named for a fishermens settlement which formerly occupied the southern end of the island. The original settlement of fishermen and other boatmen and their families was part of Cölln from 1237 on, in 1709, Cölln united with Berlin, whose old centre lay on the east bank of the river. In the 18th century, boating professions became less important as the city industrialised, as a result, in the early 19th century, the Fischerinsel district stopped developing and became a neighbourhood which preserved the look of old Berlin, including the last gabled houses in the city. In the 20th century it became a tourist attraction, the neighbourhood and its high street, Fischerstraße, remained comparatively untouched after World War II. Like the rest of the borough of Mitte, it fell into the Soviet Zone which became East Berlin, in 1954, a plan was drawn up for the neighbourhood which emphasised conservation of the surviving buildings. Later plans envisaged replacement with low density housing and a development of tower blocks. However, in 1960 an overall plan was adopted for central Berlin which required demolition of all the buildings in the Fischerinsel area and this was done beginning in 1964, including 30 registered landmarks, and the ancient street plan was effaced. The painter Otto Nagel, in the last years of his life, documented it in a series of pastels entitled Abschied vom Fischerkiez, after calling in vain for its preservation in 1955. In 2000 the Ahornblatt was demolished, to be replaced by a multi-use centre including a hotel, flats and offices, as a result of the redevelopment of the site, the old locations of Roßstraße, Petristraße, Grünstraße and Gertraudenstraße can be seen in places. The last of five churches on the site, the second church in the city, was designed by Heinrich Strack. It had a spire 111 metres high which was for some time the tallest building in Berlin, in its place will be built the House Of One - the worlds first house of prayer for three religions. The last Cölln Town Hall faced the Köllnischer Fischmarkt and it was designed by the court architect, Martin Grünberg, and built in 1710–23 in baroque style, but as a cost-cutting measure, the tower and entrance stairs were not built. It was popular with tourists and had been frequented and depicted by Heinrich Zille, destroyed in 1943, it was recreated in 1987 in the Nikolaiviertel as part of the East German creation of a tourist old town there. The Großgaststätte Ahornblatt, designed by Gerhard Lehmann, Ulrich Müther, Rüdiger Plaethe and it was registered as a city landmark in 1995 for its modern East German architecture, but was nonetheless demolished in 2000. Hans Kohlhase, on whom Heinrich von Kleists novella Michael Kohlhaas is based, markus Wolf, chief of foreign intelligence for the Stasi, lived in one of the tower blocks in the 1970s. Zur politischen Geschichte der Denkmalpflege in Deutschland, Fischerinsel and its surroundings on a 1932 Berlin map Geschichte von Fischerinsel, listing of former street names, Kauperts Straßenführer durch Berlin
4.
Alt-Berlin
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Alt-Berlin, also spelled Altberlin, is a neighbourhood, situated in the Berliner locality of Mitte, part of the homonymous borough. In the 13th century it was the town of the old Cölln. It counts in its territory the zone of Nikolaiviertel, first mentioned in 1244,7 years after Cölln, it represents the original core of the modern Berlin. The first stone fortification was built, to both cities, in 1250 and in 1251 it gained the city rights. In 1280 Berlin, gained the right to mint currency, in that period it appeared on a coat of arms for the first time, close to the symbol of the imperial eagle, two stylized bears, antecedents of the actual rampant bear, symbol of the city. On March 20,1307 the town was united with Cölln forming a union on political and security matters. Alt-Berlin, crossed at its borders by the river Spree, is located in the middle of the city. Media related to Alt-Berlin at Wikimedia Commons
5.
Nikolaiviertel
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Founded about 1200, the Nikolaiviertel of Alt-Berlin, together with the neighbouring settlement of Cölln, is the reconstructed historical heart of the German capital Berlin. It is located in Mitte locality, five minutes away from Alexanderplatz, situated on the eastern shore of the river Spree, it is bounded by the streets Rathausstraße, Spandauer Straße and Mühlendamm. The deconsecrated Nikolaikirche, Berlins oldest church, gives its name to the neighbourhood, the two settlements of Old Berlin as well as Cölln on the other side of the Spree originated along an old trade route, the Mühlendamm, a ford where the river could be easily crossed. The Nicholas Church, originally a late Romanesque basilica, was erected about 1230, the area around the church with its medieval alleys in the main had been preserved throughout the centuries, until it was destroyed by the air raids and the Battle of Berlin during World War II. Today the small area is famous for its traditional German restaurants, beside the Nicholas Church, the best-known building of the quarter is the Ephraim-Palais, built in 1766 for Veitel-Heine Ephraim, the financier of King Frederick II of Prussia. The Rococo façade at the intersection of Mühlendamm and Poststraße became famous as Berlins finest corner, parts of the façade were stored in the western outskirts of Berlin, West Berlin authorities delivered them to East Berlins magistrate in 1982 to support the reconstruction. The palace was rebuilt between 1983 and 1987, about 12 meters away from its original site, today it serves as a museum. On the other side of the Poststraße is the Knoblauchhaus from 1760, one of the few preserved historic original buildings, it was the residence of the notable Knoblauch family with members like the architect Eduard Knoblauch or the physicist Karl-Hermann Knoblauch. It is home of a Biedermeier museum, the oldest civic museum of Berlin, on the banks of the Spree river stands the red sandstone Kurfürstenhaus, erected in 1897 at the site of an older building, where Elector John Sigismund of Brandenburg died on December 23,1619. As he believed a White Lady haunted the Stadtschloss, he had fled to the home of his valet, history of Berlin berlin-nikolaiviertel. com Official website
6.
Dorotheenstadt
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Dorotheenstadt is a historic zone or neighbourhood of central Berlin, Germany, which forms part of the locality of Mitte within the borough also called Mitte. It contains several famous Berlin landmarks, the Brandenburg Gate, the Pariser Platz, neustadt received town privileges in 1674 and was renamed Dorotheenstadt in Sophie Dorotheas honour in 1681, although the term was in use earlier. As the 18th century continued, it was extended to the Spree in the north, the eastern part of Dorotheenstadt, near the museums, developed into an academic area, including the Berlin University and the Berlin State Library. Following the construction of the Berlin Stadtbahn in 1880, a vibrant urban centre grew up around Friedrichstraße station alongside the desirable, the population fell from 20,144 in 1867 to 11,492 in 1910, as the area became less residential. In 1920, with the creation of Greater Berlin, Dorotheenstadt was incorporated into the newly created borough of Mitte, since German reunification in 1990, the western part of Dorotheenstadt around the Pariser Platz has also been rebuilt. Dorotheenstraße, TBD Pariser Platz Brandenburg Gate U. S
7.
Friedrichstadt (Berlin)
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Friedrichstadt was an independent suburb of Berlin, and is now a historical neighbourhood of the city itself. The neighbourhood is named after the Prussian king Frederick I, Friedrichstadt is located south of the Dorotheenstadt neighbourhood, and southwest of the historical suburb of Friedrichswerder. It is located south of the twin-city zone of Berlin and Cölln, today, the northern part of the neighbourhood is located in the borough of Berlin-Mitte, while the southern part of the neighbourhood is located in borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. The border between the two boroughs runs along the side of Niederkirchnerstraße and Zimmerstraße. A large portion of the Spittelmarkt and adjoining Hausvogteiplatz were once part of a military installation associated with the suburb of Friedrichswerder. In order to assist with the layout and the placement of buildings and houses, various architects and engineers, including Johann Nering, Johann Behr. The new city was founded in 1691, Friedrichstadt was the third expansion of the Berlin-Cölln city center, after Dorotheenstadt and Friedrichswerder. Friedrichstadt was built outside of the Berlins fortifications, south of Dorotheenstadt, however, the city was protected both by the militia of Leipzig and a lengthening of the western city wall of Dorotheenstadt. Today, this is the site of Mauerstraße, toward the south, Friedrichstadt originally extended to the present-day Zimmerstraße. From that southern point, the city extended approximately to the fortifications of the city of Neu-Cölln, to enter the city from Friedrichswerder, one entered through the Leipziger Tor, and to enter from Dorotheenstadt, one came through the Friedrichs-Tor. This new area of the city, however, was not referred to as Friedrichstadt until 1706, Friedrichstadt was designed with an unusually austere geometric style for the time, with broad streets which intersected at right angles to each other. Because the ground upon which the new neighbourhood was to be built was boggy and unstable, many houses in the city had to be built on stilts and stakes. As a result of government sponsored building rush,300 houses stood in Friedrichstadt in 1692, many settlers in the city were Huguenots seeking refuge from the French government. Jerusalems Chapel, which used to stand outside of the area before, was included into Friedrichstadts municipal borders. In 1701 the Judge Krause at the neighboured Kammergericht added a chapel for his family to the church building. To accommodate more German and French settlers, ground was broken on the constructions of two churches, the French Church of Friedrichstadt, and the German New Church, in 1701. Construction of new homes continued in the city until 1708, in 1711 at the corner of Jäger and Markgrafen streets a new building for the Societät der Wissenschaften, founded by Gottfried Leibniz, opened. Today the building is occupied by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, with that, the independence of Friedrichstadt ended, as it was incorporated as a part of the new Berlin
8.
Luisenstadt
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Luisenstadt is a former quarter of central Berlin, now divided between the present localities of Mitte and Kreuzberg. It gave its name to the Luisenstadt Canal and the Luisenstädtische Kirche, the area of the neighbourhood was originally named Myrica and was acquired in 1261 by the city of Cölln. Luisenstadt is bounded on the north by the river Spree, in the west by the Lindenstraße, a smaller part of the zone now belongs to Mitte and the greater part to Kreuzberg
9.
Scheunenviertel
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Scheunenviertel refers to a neighborhood of Mitte in the centre of Berlin. It is situated to the north of the medieval Altberlin area, east of the Rosenthaler Straße, until the Second World War it was regarded as a slum district and had a substantial Jewish population with a high proportion of migrants from Eastern Europe. The name derives from several barns erected here outside the city walls in 1672 by order of Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg, the barns were used to store hay in connection to a large cattle market at nearby Alexanderplatz. In 1737 King Frederick William I of Prussia required Berlin Jews to settle here, prior to World War I, the Berlin City Council redeveloped parts of the area. Mielke fled to Moscow shortly afterwards and did not face trial for the murders until 1992, following German reunification the Scheunenviertel, together with the neighbouring Spandauer Vorstadt, has become a fashionable district popular with younger people. Note that Scheunenviertel is often used as a synonym for Berlins Jewish quarter. Jewish cultural and commercial life was centred on the neighbouring Spandauer Vorstadt. Located inside the workshop of Otto Weidt, the owner who employed deaf and his employees have been protected from deportation thanks him. He provided them with false ID, hiding although Jewish families in his studio, the atelier can be visited as well as historical documents and letters
listen)) is a large public square and transport hub in the central Mitte district of Berlin, near the Fernsehturm. Berliners often call it simply Alex, referring to a larger neighbourhood stretching from Mollstraße in the northeast to Spandauer Straße and the Rotes Rathaus in the southwest.
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