Alfonso III, called the Liberal or the Free, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1285. He conquered the Kingdom of Majorca between his succession and 1287, he was a son of King Peter III of Aragon and Constance and heiress of King Manfred of Sicily. Soon after assuming the throne, he conducted a campaign to reincorporate the Balearic Islands into the Kingdom of Aragon -, lost due to the division of the kingdom by his grandfather, James I of Aragon, thus in 1285 he declared war on his uncle, James II of Majorca, conquered both Majorca and Ibiza reassuming suzerainty over the Kingdom of Majorca. He followed this with the conquest of Menorca - until an autonomous Muslim state within the Kingdom of Majorca - on 17 January 1287, the anniversary of which now serves as Menorca's national holiday, he sought to maintain Aragonese control over Sicily early in his reign by supporting the claims to the island of his brother, James II of Aragon. However, he retracted the support for his brother shortly before his death and instead tried to make peace with the Papal States France.

His reign was marred by a constitutional struggle with the Aragonese nobles, which culminated in the articles of the Union of Aragon - the so-called "Magna Carta of Aragon", which devolved several key royal powers into the hands of lesser nobles. His inability to resist the demands of his nobles was to leave a heritage of disunity in Aragon and further dissent amongst the nobility, who saw little reason to respect the throne, brought the Kingdom of Aragon close to anarchy. During his lifetime a dynastic marriage with Eleanor, daughter of King Edward I of England, was arranged; however Alfonso died before meeting his bride. He died at the age of 25 in 1291, was buried in the Franciscan convent in Barcelona. Dante Alighieri, in the Divine Comedy, recounts that he saw Alfonso's spirit seated outside the gates of Purgatory with the other monarchs whom Dante blamed for the chaotic political state of Europe during the 13th century

O tempora, o mores! is a Latin phrase that translates as Oh the times! Oh the customs! but more as Oh what times! Oh what customs! It is printed as O tempora! O mores!, with the addition of exclamation marks, which were not used in Classical Latin. The phrase was used by the Roman orator Cicero in four different speeches, of which the earliest is the speech against Verres of 70 BC, but the most famous instance is in the second paragraph of his First Oration against Catiline, a speech made in 63 BC, when Cicero was Consul or head of state, denouncing his political enemy Catiline. In this passage, Cicero deplores the sorry condition of the Roman republic, in which a citizen could plot against the state and not be punished for it; the passage in question reads as follows: O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, Consul videt. Vivit? immo vero etiam in Senatum venit, fit publici consili particeps, notat et designat oculis ad caedem unum quemque nostrum! O times! O morals! The Senate understands these things, the Consul sees them.

He lives? Indeed, he comes into the Senate, he takes part in public debate, he notes and marks out with his eyes each one of us for slaughter! Cicero is frustrated that, despite all of the evidence, compiled against Catiline, conspiring to overthrow the Roman government and assassinate Cicero himself, in spite of the fact that the Senate has given senatus consultum ultimum, Catiline has not yet been executed. Cicero goes on to describe various times throughout Roman history where consuls have killed conspirators with less evidence, sometimes – in the case of former consul Lucius Opimius' slaughter of Gaius Gracchus – based only on quasdam seditionum suspiciones, "certain suspicions of insurrection". In classical times Cicero's exclamation had become famous, being quoted for example in Seneca the Elder's Suasoriae: tuis verbis, utendum est:'o tempora! O mores!' videbis ardentes crudelitate simul ac superbia oculos! It is necessary to use your words, Cicero:'O times! O morals!' You will see eyes burning at the same time with cruelty and arrogance!

Martial's poem 9.70 makes reference to the 1st Catilinarian oration: dixerat'o mores! O tempora!' Tullius olim,sacrilegum strueret cum Catilina nefas Once Tullius had said'O morals! O times!'when Catiline was plotting a sacrilegious sin In modern times this exclamation is still used to criticise present-day attitudes and trends, sometimes jokingly or wryly. An aquatint print of 1787 by Samuel Alken after Thomas Rowlandson in the British Royal Collection entitled O Tempora, O Mores! shows two old men surprised to find three drunken young men asleep round a table. Edgar Allan Poe used the phrase as the title and subject of his poem, "O, Tempora! O, Mores!", in which he criticized the manners of the men of his time. It is pronounced by a drunken poet in the 1936 movie Mr. Deeds Goes to Town; the expression is used in the play and movie Inherit the Wind, a fictional account of the Scopes Trial, when it is uttered by the cynical reporter, referring to the town's backward attitude towards enlightened thinking.

The musical comedians Flanders and Swann used the term when Flanders proclaimed "O tempora, O mores - Oh Times, Oh Daily Mirror!". It is one of several Latin phrases found in Asterix and Obelix comics published in the 1960s and 1970s. In November 2014, Senator Ted Cruz of Texas used the opening of Cicero's 1st Catilinarian on the U. S. Senate floor, with only a few words changed, to criticize President Barack Obama's use of executive orders. In his version of the speech, which follows the translation of C. D. Yonge, Senator Cruz translated the phrase O tempora! O mores! as'Shame on the age and on its lost principles!' Mores

Jared Mason Diamond is an American scientist and author best known for his popular science books The Third Chimpanzee, Guns and Steel, Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed and The World Until Yesterday. Trained in physiology, Diamond's work is known for drawing from a variety of fields, he is Professor of Geography at the University of California, Los Angeles; the Jared Diamond bibliography includes both popular works. As of 2012, the Microsoft Academic Search database lists 538 publications with Diamond as an author, including collaborations with 343 co-authors. 1972 Avifauna of the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea, Publications of the Nuttall Ornithological Club, No. 12, Mass. pp. 438. 1975 M. L. Cody and J. M. Diamond, eds. Ecology and Evolution of Communities. Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, Mass. 1979 J. M. Diamond and M. LeCroy. Birds of Karkar and Bagabag Islands, New Guinea. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 164:469–531 1984 J. M. Diamond; the Avifaunas of Rennell and Bellona Islands.

The Natural History of Rennell Islands, British Solomon Islands 8:127–168 1986 J. M. Diamond and T. J. Case. Eds. Community Ecology. Harper and Row, New York 1986 B. Beehler, T. Pratt, D. Zimmerman, H. Bell, B. Finch, J. M. Diamond, J. Coe. Birds of New Guinea. Princeton University Press, Princeton 1992 The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal, ISBN 0-06-098403-1 1997 Why is Sex Fun? The Evolution of Human Sexuality, ISBN 0-465-03127-7 1997 Guns and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. W. W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-06131-0 2001 The Birds of Northern Melanesia: Speciation, Ecology, & Biogeography, ISBN 0-19-514170-9 2003 Guns and Steel Reader's Companion, ISBN 1-58663-863-7. 2005 Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303655-6. 2010 Natural Experiments of History. ISBN 0-674-03557-7 ISBN 978-0674035577 2012 The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies? ISBN 978-0713998986. 2015 The Third Chimpanzee for Young People: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal, Seven Stories Press, ISBN 9781609806118.

2019 Upheaval: Turning Points for Nations in Crisis, Little and Company, ISBN 978-0316409131. Pidot, A. L.. "Streaming Potentials in a Biological Membrane". Nature. 201: 701–702. Doi:10.1038/201701a0. PMID 14134715. Berg, H. C.. S.. "Erythrocyte membrane: Chemical modification". Science. 150: 64–67. Doi:10.1126/science.150.3692.64. PMID 5833537. Diamond, J. M.. "Zoological Classification System of a Primitive People". Science. 151: 1102–1104. Doi:10.1126/science.151.3714.1102. PMID 17739593. Diamond, J. M.. "Role of long extracellular channels in fluid transport across epithelia". Nature. 210: 817–820. Doi:10.1038/210817a0. PMID 5334988. Diamond, J. M.. "Standing-Gradient Osmotic Flow: A mechanism for coupling of water and solute transport in epithelia". The Journal of General Physiology. 50: 2061–2083. Doi:10.1085/jgp.50.8.2061. PMC 2225765. PMID 6066064. Cooke, I. M.. "Suppression of the action potential in nerve by nitrobenzene derivatives". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

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Jørgen S. Nielsen is Professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Copenhagen. In October 2007, he assumed a five-year research chair within the Faculty of Theology, where he leads the Centre for European Islamic Thought, he holds degrees in Arabic and Middle Eastern Studies from the School of Oriental and African Studies, a PhD in Arab history from the American University of Beirut. He has concentrated his research on the situation of Muslims in Europe with related interests in the Islamic debate over religious pluralism and relations with the West, he has worked as a consultant to the EU Presidency and the Council of Europe on religious minorities, to the Danish and British foreign ministries on Islam and Europe. Lecturer at the Centre for the Study of Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Department of Theology, University of Birmingham from 1978 to 1988. Professor of Islamic Studies at the University of Birmingham in 1996. Director of the Danish Institute in Damascus and Cultural Counsellor at the Danish Embassy from 2005 to 2007.

Muslim Participation in Europe, Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0-7486-4694-9 Muslims in Western Europe, Edinburgh University Press ISBN 0-7486-1844-9 Towards a European Islam, Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 0-312-22143-6He is General Editor of the series Muslim Minorities and Chief Editor of the Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, both from Brill Publishers. "Professor Jorgen Nielsen". Department of Theology and Religion. University of Birmingham

Charles-Amador Martin Joseph Quesnel Stephen Codman James P. Clarke Robert Ambrose Jean-Baptiste Labelle Ernest Gagnon Adélard Joseph Boucher Frantz Jehin-Prume Calixa Lavallée Gustave Gagnon Romain-Octave Pelletier I Joseph-A. Fowler Guillaume Couture J. E. P. Aldous Alexis Contant Alfred De Sève W. O. Forsyth Louis-Phillipe Laurendeau Humfrey Anger Charles A. E. Harriss Achille Fortier Clarence Lucas Paul Ambrose Frédéric Pelletier W. H. Hewlett Joseph Allard Romain Pelletier Donald Heins Henri Miro Healey Willan Robert Nathaniel Dett Alfred La Liberté W. H. Anderson Robert Graham Manson J.-J. Gagnier Albertine Morin-Labrecque Albert Chamberland Frank Marsales Henri Gagnon Allard de Ridder Rodolphe Mathieu Lydia Boucher Claude Champagne Alexander Chuhaldin René Gagnier Omer Létourneau Léo-Pol Morin Ernest MacMillan Alfred Mignault Joseph Beaulieu Eugène Lapierre Sophie Carmen Eckhardt-Gramatté Leila Fletcher Colin McPhee Hector Gratton Isabelle Delorme Lionel Daunais Gabriel Cusson Morris Davis Allan McIver Conrad Bernier Charles Houdret Bruce Holder Albertine Caron-Legris Murray Adaskin Boris Berlin Lucien Martin Jean Coulthard Jean Deslauriers Walter MacNutt Charles Jones Patricia Blomfield Holt Otto Joachim Keith Bissell Graham George Johana Harris Barbara Pentland Lucio Agostini Violet Archer John Weinzweig Henry Brant Hugh Le Caine Émilien Allard Ricky Hyslop Alexander Brott James Gayfer Jean Papineau-Couture Gaston Allaire Richard Johnston Herbert Belyea Samuel Dolin Robert Farnon Oskar Morawetz Godfrey Ridout Gordon Delamont Lorne Betts Louis Applebaum Gerald Bales Talivaldis Kenins István Anhalt Udo Kasemets Neil Chotem Robert Turner Howard Cable Robert Fleming Kelsey Jones Harry Freedman Jocelyne Binet Kenneth G. Mills Jack Kane Mort Garson Harry Somers Pierre Brabant Gérald Gagnier Victor Bouchard Alan Detweiler Raymond Daveluy François Morel Clermont Pépin Pierre Mercure John Beckwith Dolores Claman Carleton Elliott Lloyd Blackman André Mathieu Serge Garant Alfred Kunz Alcides Lanza Roger Matton Ron Collier Gustav Ciamaga Hugh Davidson Richard Hunt Ruth Lomon Milton Barnes F. R. C. Clarke Derek Holman Rudolf Komorous Glenn Gould Michael Colgrass Boyd McDonald Walter Buczynski R. Murray Schafer Ben McPeek Srul Irving Glick Norma Beecroft Jack Behrens John Arpin Milan Kymlicka Léon Bernier Malcolm Forsyth Hagood Hardy Ann Southam Michael Conway Baker Diana McIntosh Jacques Hétu Alain Gagnon Robert Aitken Victor Davies Bruce Mather Marc Bélanger John Wyre Brian Cherney José Evangelista Larry Lake Anne Lauber John Mills-Cockell James Montgomery John Hawkins John Fodi Bruce Carlson Raynald Arseneault Bruce Cockburn Yves Daoust René Dupéré Yves Lapierre Michel Longtin Nikolai Korndorf Walter Boudreau Clifford Ford Steven Gellman Peter Paul Koprowski Gene Martynec Claude Vivier Stephen Brown Jim Hiscott Lubomyr Melnyk Marjan Mozetich Chan Ka Nin David Foster Fariborz Lachini Alexina Louie Denis Bédard Christian Calon Stephen Chatman Michael Matthews John Burke Lisle Ellis Denis Gougeon Peter Allen Gilles Bellemare Jacques Faubert David MacIntyre Peter Hannan Christos Hatzis Scott Irvine Robin Minard Gary Kulesha Denys Bouliane Eleanor Joanne Daley Jean Derome William Beauvais Timothy Brady Paul Dolden Larysa Kuzmenko Linda Bouchard René Lussier Mychael Danna Colin Eatock Andr

The ZEC Oie-Blanche-de-Montmagny is a "zone d'exploitation contrôlée" in the municipality of Montmagny, in Montmagny Regional County Municipality, in the administrative region of Chaudière-Appalaches, in Quebec, in Canada. Provincial court, the ZEC was incorporated on June 1, 1987 and is the only one in the Quebec for hunting migratory birds; the management of migratory bird conservation Corporation administers the activities and development of the zone d'exploitation contrôlée of white goose in Montmagny. The territory of the ZEC covers on 8.4 square kilometres all flats water zone in Montmagny. The territory is intersected by bird Montmagny shelter, administered by the Canadian Wildlife Service; the SACOMM landscaped rest areas and west to the eastern limits of the ZEC, providing a migratory bird stopover, allowing them to eat, to socialize and relax in non chased territory. Annually in October, the White Goose Festival of Montmagny is popular. Montmagny is a prime spot for watching shorebirds.

The bird Montmagny refuge is one of 28 migratory bird sanctuaries located in the Quebec. The ZEC, the "White Goose Hunting" starts at the same time as the hunting of migratory birds. To accommodate the hunting, caches were built, including a lookout for high tide and low tide looking for. On the territory of the ZEC, each cache can accommodate four hunters; the booking caches is based on the principle of "first come, first served."'Equipment and hunting accessories' Hunters can book the services of an experienced, to facilitate the practice of safe hunting, providing advice and guiding hunters guide. The SACOMM recommends that hunters wear warm and waterproof clothing, preferably patterned camouflage and a hunting hat and makeup type "camo" or face mask, camouflage nets and waders or boots-pants, callers "Grande snow Goose" and decoys, it is required for each hunter to carry the license to hunt small game and allowed for hunting migratory birds.'Labelling geese' Hunters are advised to check the legs of slaughtered geese, or young adults, the presence of a label webbing.

These unique code labels are placed on youth in the Arctic. The labeling enables stakeholders Wildlife Service to estimate the number of goslings who survive their first migration south. Hunters are asked to report the code displayed on the label of webbing, the location and date of capture to Gérald Picard technician for banding geese to Laval University: gerald.picard@bio.ulaval.ca for more information on the zEC Oie-Blanche-de-Montmagny: 23, St. Bridget North, PO Box 125 Montmagny - Phone: 418 248-4521; the name "Zec de l'Oie-Blanche-de-Montmagny" is directly related to the specialized mission of the ZEC, the protection and control of this species of bird. The biannual stop of tens of thousands of snow geese attracts thousands of tourists. In Montmagny, the theme of the goose is transposed in the name of several hotel and institutions. Designations such as l'Oiselière, la Couvée, l'Oie Blanche are references to the staging geese in their journey of thousands of kilometers. In Canada, snow goose is rather designated "oie des neiges".

The name "Zec de l'Oie-Blanche-de-Montmagny" was made official on August 6, 1987 at the Bank of place names in the Commission de toponymie du Québec Montmagny, municipality Montmagny Regional County Municipality Chaudière-Appalaches, administrative region of Quebec Snow goose Goose Zone d'exploitation contrôlée