1.
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
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Joseph Leo Mankiewicz was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career, and he won the Academy Award for both Best Director and Best Writing, Screenplay for A Letter to Three Wives and All About Eve. Joseph Mankiewicz was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, to Franz Mankiewicz and Johanna Blumenau and he had a sister, Erna Mankiewicz, and a brother, Herman J. Mankiewicz, who became a screenwriter. Herman also won an Oscar for co-writing Citizen Kane, at age four, Mankiewicz moved with his family to New York City, graduating in 1924 from Stuyvesant High School. In 1928, he obtained a degree from Columbia University. At 19, he was sent by his professor father to Berlin where he was to study German drama at the University of Berlin. Instead, Mankiewicz got work at the UFA film studio translating film intertitles from German to English, Mankiewicz worked for seventeen years as a screenwriter for Paramount and as a producer for MGM before getting a chance to direct at Twentieth Century-Fox. During his long career in Hollywood, Mankiewicz wrote forty-eight screenplays and he also produced more than twenty films including The Philadelphia Story which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1941. However, he is best known for the films he directed, in 1944, he produced The Keys of the Kingdom, which starred Gregory Peck, and featured Mankiewiczs then-wife, Rose Stradner, in a supporting role as a nun. In 1951 Mankiewicz left Fox and moved to New York, intending to write for the Broadway stage, in 1953 he directed Julius Caesar for MGM, an adaptation of Shakespeares play. The film serves as the record of Marlon Brando in a Shakespearean role, he played Mark Antony. In 1958 Mankiewicz directed The Quiet American, an adaptation of Graham Greenes 1955 novel about the seed of American military involvement in what would become the Vietnam War. A cautionary tale about Americas blind support for anti-Communists was turned into, according to Greene, Mankiewicz made more films, however, garnering an Oscar nomination for Best Direction in 1972 for Sleuth, his final directing effort, starring Laurence Olivier and Michael Caine. In 1983, he was a member of the jury at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival, the Academy Film Archive preserved his films All About Eve and Sleuth. He was the brother of Herman J. Mankiewicz. His sons are Eric Reynal, the late writer/director Tom Mankiewicz and he also has a daughter, Alex Mankiewicz. His great-nephew is radio and television personality Ben Mankiewicz, who currently can be seen on TCM and he also was the uncle of Frank Mankiewicz, a well-known political campaign manager who officially announced the death of the assassinated presidential candidate, Robert F. Kennedy, in 1968. He was not related to the similar-sounding British screenwriter, Wolf Mankowitz, Mankiewicz died of a heart attack on February 5,1993, six days before his 84th birthday
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
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Joseph L. Mankiewicz
2.
Darryl F. Zanuck
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Darryl Francis Zanuck was an American film producer and studio executive, he earlier contributed stories for films starting in the silent era. He played a part in the Hollywood studio system as one of its longest survivors. He earned three Academy Awards as producer for Best Picture during his tenure, but was responsible for many more, Zanuck was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, the son of Louise and Frank Zanuck, who owned and operated a hotel in Wahoo. Zanuck was of part Swiss descent and was raised a Protestant, at age six, Zanuck and his mother moved to Los Angeles, where the better climate could improve her poor health. At age eight, he found his first movie job as an extra, in 1918, despite being sixteen, he deceived a recruiter, joined the United States Army, and served in France with the Nebraska National Guard. Upon returning to the US, he worked in many jobs while seeking work as a writer. He found work producing movie plots, and sold his first story in 1922 to William Russell and he moved into management in 1929, and became head of production in 1931. In 1933, Zanuck left Warners over a dispute with studio head Jack L. Warner. A few days later, he partnered with Joseph Schenck to form 20th Century Pictures, Inc. with financial help from Josephs brother Nicholas Schenck, mayer, President and Studio head of Loews, Inc and its subsidiary Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, along with William Goetz and Raymond Griffith. 20th Century released its material through United Artists, after a dispute with United Artists over stock ownership, Schenck and Zanuck negotiated and bought out the bankrupt Fox studios in 1935 to form Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corporation. Zanuck was Vice President of Production of this new studio and took an approach, closely involving himself in scripts. When the U. S. who was chauffeured by limousine to Long Island each morning from a luxury Manhattan hotel. Appalled by such privileged cosseting, Zanuck stormed down to Washington, D. C. and into the War Department, demanding a riskier assignment from Chief of Staff and he even persuaded Lord Mountbatten to allow him along on a secret coastal raid across the Channel to occupied France. The daring nighttime attack on a German radar site was a success, navy even before the U. S. entered the war, and he was horrified to discover himself drafted into Zanucks Africa unit. Cant I ever get away from you, I bet if I die and go to heaven, youll be waiting for me under a sign reading Produced by Darryl F. Zanuck. Unlike Col. Warner, most colonels from the studio system—Col, Frank Capra, Col. Anatole Litvak, Col. Hal Roach—were actually doing their cinematic jobs, often, like Zanuck, under enemy fire. Nonetheless, when Col. Zanuck was named in this investigation in 1944, whatever the reason, despite having published his own first-person account of his wartime adventures he resigned. Zanuck returned to Twentieth Century-Fox in 1944 and he avoided the studio and instead read books at home, surrounded by his growing family, and caught up on all the films he had missed while overseas in his private screening room
Darryl F. Zanuck
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Darryl F. Zanuck, 1964
Darryl F. Zanuck
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Darryl F. Zanuck at the Academy Awards celebration
Darryl F. Zanuck
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Darryl Zanuck's grave at the
Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery
3.
Bette Davis
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Ruth Elizabeth Bette Davis was an American actress of film, television, and theater. After appearing in Broadway plays, Davis moved to Hollywood in 1930, however, her early films for Universal Studios were unsuccessful. She joined Warner Bros. in 1932 and established her career with several critically acclaimed performances, in 1937, she attempted to free herself from her contract. Although she lost the legal case against the studio, it marked the beginning of the most successful period of her career. Until the late 1940s, she was one of American cinemas most celebrated leading ladies, known for her forceful, Davis gained a reputation as a perfectionist who could be highly combative and confrontational. She clashed with executives and film directors as well as many of her co-stars. Her forthright manner, idiosyncratic speech and ubiquitous cigarette contributed to a public persona, Davis was the co-founder of the Hollywood Canteen, and was the first female president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Her career went through periods of eclipse, and she admitted that her success had often been at the expense of her personal relationships. Married four times, she was widowed and three times divorced, and raised her children as a single parent. In 1999, Davis was placed second behind Katharine Hepburn on the American Film Institutes list of the greatest female stars of classic Hollywood cinema. Bettys younger sister, Barbara Harriet Bobby, was born October 25,1909, at 55 Ward Street in Somerville, Massachusetts, in 1915, Daviss parents separated and Betty and Bobby attended a Spartan boarding school called Crestalban in Lanesborough, which is located in the Berkshires. In 1921, Ruth Davis moved to New York City with her daughters, Betty changed the spelling of her name to Bette after Honoré de Balzacs La Cousine Bette. Davis attended Cushing Academy, a school in Ashburnham, Massachusetts. In 1926, she saw a production of Henrik Ibsens The Wild Duck with Blanche Yurka and Peg Entwistle, Davis later recalled for Al Cohn of Newsday, The reason I wanted to go into theater was because of an actress named Peg Entwistle. She auditioned for admission to Eva LeGalliennes Manhattan Civic Repertory, but was rejected by LeGallienne who described her attitude as insincere, upon graduating from Cushing Academy, Bette enrolled in John Murray Andersons Dramatic School. In 1929, Davis was chosen by Blanche Yurka to play Hedwig, after performing in Philadelphia, Washington and Boston, she made her Broadway debut in 1929 in Broken Dishes, and followed it with Solid South. In 1930, Davis moved to Hollywood to screen test for Universal Studios, Davis and her mother traveled by train to Hollywood and arrived on December 13,1930. She would later recount her surprise that nobody from the studio was there to meet her at the train, in fact, a studio employee had waited for her, but left because he saw nobody who looked like an actress
Bette Davis
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Studio portrait, 1940
Bette Davis
Bette Davis
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Davis in her film debut,
The Bad Sister (1931)
Bette Davis
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As the shrewish Mildred in
Of Human Bondage (1934), Davis was acclaimed for her dramatic performance
4.
Anne Baxter
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Anne Baxter was an American actress, star of Hollywood films, Broadway productions, and television series. She won an Oscar and a Golden Globe and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy, granddaughter of Frank Lloyd Wright, Baxter studied acting with Maria Ouspenskaya and had some stage experience before making her film debut in 20 Mule Team. She became a player of 20th Century Fox and was loaned out to RKO Pictures for a role in Orson Welles The Magnificent Ambersons. In 1947, she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as Sophie MacDonald in The Razors Edge, in 1951, she received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for the title role in All About Eve. She worked with several of Hollywoods greatest directors, including Alfred Hitchcock in I Confess, Fritz Lang in The Blue Gardenia, and Cecil B. Baxter was born in Michigan City, Indiana, to Catherine Dorothy —whose father was the famed architect Frank Lloyd Wright—and Kenneth Stuart Baxter, an executive with the Seagrams Distillery Company. When Baxter was five, she appeared in a play and, as her family had moved to New York when she was six years old. She was raised in Westchester County, NY and attended Brearley, at age 10, Baxter attended a Broadway play starring Helen Hayes, and was so impressed that she declared to her family that she wanted to become an actress. By the age of 13, she had appeared on Broadway in Seen, during this period, Baxter learned her acting craft as a student of the famed teacher Maria Ouspenskaya. In 1939 she was cast as Katherine Hepburns little sister in the play The Philadelphia Story, rather than giving up, she turned to Hollywood. Her first movie role was in 20 Mule Team in 1940 and she was chosen by director Orson Welles to appear in The Magnificent Ambersons. In 1943, she played a French maid in a north African hotel in Billy Wilders Five Graves to Cairo, Baxter co-starred with Tyrone Power and Gene Tierney in 1946s The Razors Edge, for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Baxter later recounted that The Razors Edge contained her only great performance and she said she relived the death of her brother, who had died at age three. She played Mike in the 1948 Western film Yellow Sky with Gregory Peck, in 1950, Baxter was chosen to co-star in All About Eve, largely because of a resemblance to Claudette Colbert, who was originally set to star but dropped out and was replaced by Bette Davis. The original idea was to have Baxters character gradually come to mirror Colberts over the course of the film, Baxter received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress for the title role of Eve Harrington. She said she modeled the role on a bitchy understudy she had for her performance in the Broadway play Seen But Not Heard at the age of thirteen. Through the 1950s she continued to act on stage, in 1953, Baxter contracted a two-picture deal for Warner Brothers. Her first was opposite Montgomery Clift in Alfred Hitchcocks I Confess, in June 1954, Baxter won the coveted part of the Egyptian princess and queen Nefretiri, one of her most memorable roles, opposite Charlton Hestons portrayal of Moses in Cecil B
Anne Baxter
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Publicity photo, circa 1950
Anne Baxter
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Joseph Cotten, Anne Baxter and
Tim Holt in
The Magnificent Ambersons (1942)
Anne Baxter
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Baxter as Eve Harrington in
All About Eve (1950)
Anne Baxter
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Baxter with
Yul Brynner in
The Ten Commandments (1956)
5.
George Sanders
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George Henry Sanders was an English film and television actor, singer-songwriter, music composer, and author. His career as an actor spanned more than 40 years and his upper-class English accent and bass voice often led him to be cast as sophisticated but villainous characters. Sanders was born in Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire, at number 6 Petrovski Ostrov and his parents were Henry Peter Ernest Sanders, and Margarethe Jenny Bertha Sanders, who was born in Saint Petersburg, of mostly German, but also Estonian and Scottish, ancestry. The actor Tom Conway was George Sanderss elder brother and their younger sister, Margaret Sanders, was born in 1912. George Sanders was 11 when, in 1917, at the outbreak of the Russian Revolution, like his brother, he attended Bedales School and Brighton College, a boys independent school in Brighton, then went on to Manchester Technical College. After graduating he worked at an agency, where the company secretary. Sanders made his British film debut in 1929, seven years later, after a series of British films, he took his first role in an American production in Lloyds of London as Lord Everett Stacy. His smooth upper-class English accent, his manner and his suave, superior. He played a smooth American Nazi in Confessions of a Nazi Spy with Edward G. Robinson. Rage in Heaven, a film noir, cast him as the trustworthy good guy whose best friend, Robert Montgomery, goes murderously insane and sets him up for the rap. By 1942, Sanders handed the role of the Falcon to his brother Tom, the only other film in which the two acting siblings appeared together was Death of a Scoundrel, in which they also played brothers. Sanders played Lord Henry Wotton in the version of The Picture of Dorian Gray and was the third lead in the elegiacThe Ghost and Mrs. Muir with Gene Tierney. Sanders starred with Angela Lansbury in Albert Lewins The Private Affairs of Bel Ami, Sanders and Lansbury also featured in Cecil B. deMilles biblical epic Samson and Delilah. For his role as the acerbic, cold-blooded theatre critic Addison DeWitt in All About Eve Sanders won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He then starred as Sir Brian de Bois-Guilbert in Ivanhoe, dying in a duel with Robert Taylor after professing his love for the Jewish maiden Rebecca, Sanders starred as King Richard the Lionheart in King Richard and the Crusaders. Peter Sellers and Sanders appeared together in the Pink Panther sequel A Shot in the Dark, Sanders had earlier inspired Sellerss character Hercules Grytpype-Thynne in the BBC radio comedy series The Goon Show. Sanders went into television with the series The George Sanders Mystery Theater. He played an upper-crust English villain, G. Emory Partridge, in two episodes of The Man From U. N. C. L. E. in 1965, The Gazebo in the Maze Affair and The Yukon Affair
George Sanders
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A photograph of Sanders by
Allan Warren, 1972
George Sanders
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In the trailer for
Alfred Hitchcock 's Foreign Correspondent (1940)
George Sanders
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As Addison DeWitt in the trailer for
All About Eve (1950)
George Sanders
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As Lord Henry Wotton in the trailer for
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945)
6.
Celeste Holm
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Celeste Holm was an American stage, film and television actress. Holm won an Academy Award for her performance in Gentlemans Agreement and she originated the role of Ado Annie in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Oklahoma. Born and raised in Manhattan, Holm was an only child and her mother, Jean Parke, was an American portrait artist and author, her father, Theodor Holm, was a Norwegian businessman whose company provided marine adjustment services for Lloyds of London. Because of her parents occupations, she traveled often during her youth and attended schools in the Netherlands, France. She graduated from University School for Girls in Chicago, where she performed in school stage productions. She then studied drama at the University of Chicago before becoming an actress in the late 1930s. Holms first professional role was in a production of Hamlet starring Leslie Howard. The role that got her the most recognition from critics and audiences was as Ado Annie in the production of Rodgers. After she starred in the Broadway production of Bloomer Girl, 20th Century Fox signed Holm to a contract in 1946. In 1947 she won an Oscar and Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actress in Gentlemans Agreement, after another supporting role in All About Eve, however, Holm realized she preferred live theater to movie work, and only accepted a few select film roles over the next decade. The most successful of these were the comedy The Tender Trap and she starred as a professor-turned-reporter in New York City in the CBS television series Honestly, Celeste. and was thereafter a panelist on Who Pays. She also appeared several times on ABCs The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom, in 1958, she starred as a reporter in an unsold television pilot called The Celeste Holm Show, based on the book No Facilities for Women. Holm also starred in the musical The Utter Glory of Morrissey Hall, in 1965, she played the Fairy Godmother alongside Lesley Ann Warren in the CBS production of Cinderella. In 1970–71, she was featured on the NBC sitcom Nancy, with Renne Jarrett, John Fink and Robert F. Simon. In the story line, Holm played Abby Townsend, the secretary of the First Lady of the United States and the chaperone of Jarretts character, Nancy Smith. In 1979, she played the role of First Lady Florence Harding in the television mini-series and she was a regular on the ABC soap opera Loving, appearing first in 1986 in the role of Lydia Woodhouse and again as Isabelle Dwyer Alden #2 from 1991 to 1992. She last appeared on television in the CBS television series Promised Land, Olav by King Olav of Norway in 1979, and inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1992. She remained active for social causes as a spokesperson for UNICEF, from 1995 she was Chairman of the Board of Arts Horizons, a not-for-profit arts-in-education organization
Celeste Holm
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Holm in 1955
Celeste Holm
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Publicity photo, c.1940
Celeste Holm
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Accepting her Academy Award for
Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
7.
Milton R. Krasner
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Milton R. Krasner, A. S. C. was a cinematographer who won an Academy Award for Three Coins in the Fountain. His last film was Beneath the Planet of the Apes, some of his memorable films include A Double Life, The Set-Up, All About Eve and The Seven Year Itch. Source, Wins Cannes Film Festival, Best Cinematography, for The Set-Up,1949, Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Color Cinematography, for, Three Coins in the Fountain,1955. Nominations Academy Awards, Oscar, Best Color Cinematography, for Arabian Nights, shared with, William V. Skall, milton R. Krasner at the Internet Movie Database. Photo of Krasner at Find a Grave
Milton R. Krasner
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Milton R. Krasner (left) and
Louise Allbritton on the set of
The Egg and I (1947)
8.
Barbara McLean
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Barbara McLean was an American film editor with 62 film credits. She won the Academy Award for Film Editing for the film Wilson and she was nominated for the same award another six occasions, with All About Eve being among them. Her total of seven nominations for Best Editing Oscar was not surpassed until 2012 by Michael Kahn and she had a extensive collaboration with the director Henry King over twenty-nine films, including Twelve OClock High. Her impact was summarized by Adrian Dannatt in 1996, McLean was an editor who perhaps single-handedly established women as vital creative figures in an otherwise patriarchal industry. McLean was born in Palisades Park, New Jersey, she was the daughter of Charles Pollut, as a child she worked on release prints from the adjacent studio of E. K. Lincoln, who was an early producer of films. In 1924 she married J. Gordon McLean, who was a film projectionist and later, after marrying, the couple moved to Los Angeles, California. McLean found work as an assistant editor at First National Studio and she subsequently joined Twentieth Century Pictures, where initially, she assisted the editor Alan McNeil. In 1933 she received her first editing credit for Gallant Lady, in 1935, 20th Century Pictures merged with the Fox Film Corporation to form 20th Century Fox. Darryl F. Zanuck was the head of the merged studio, John Gallagher has written that Studio chief Darryl F. Zanuck was himself a brilliant editor and maintained the best editorial department in Hollywood. McLean retained this position until her retirement in 1969, the pressures of production turn-over during the hey-day of the studio system often meant that the director could not be around to supervise since they were on to their next production. In 1940, a Los Angeles Times story noted that Barbara McLean and she was also instrumental in the careers of such other film editors as Hugh S. Fowler, William H. Reynolds, and Robert Simpson. McLean began her association with the director Henry King on the films The Country Doctor and Lloyds of London. McLean received three nominations for editing films directed by King, for Alexanders Ragtime Band, The Song of Bernadette. The 1944 film was something of a tour de force. Wilson, which rarely is seen anymore, was the film for which McLean won an Academy Award for Film Editing. While the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, nearly half of the sixty-two films crediting McLean as editor were directed by Henry King. The other films she edited at 20th Century Fox involved many different directors and she was nominated for an Academy Award for editing The Rains Came, which was the only time she worked with director Clarence Brown. She edited one of John Fords films, Tobacco Road, and one of George Cukors, in 1950-1951, McLean edited three of Joseph L. Mankiewiczs films, including All About Eve, for which she received her final Academy Award nomination
Barbara McLean
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Photograph by Howard Jean from Vogue (1952).
9.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
20th Century Fox
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Logo used as of 2013
20th Century Fox
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Entrance to 20th Century Fox studio lot.
20th Century Fox
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Carmen Miranda in
The Gang's All Here. In 1946, she was the highest-paid actress in the United States.
20th Century Fox
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Alice Faye,
Don Ameche, and
Carmen Miranda in
That Night in Rio, produced by Fox in 1941.
10.
Fan (aficionado)
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Collectively, the fans of a particular object or person constitute its fanbase or fandom. They may show their enthusiasm in a variety of ways, such as by promoting the object of their interest, being members of a fan club, holding or participating in fan conventions, or writing fan mail. They may also engage in activities such as creating fanzines, writing fan fiction. Merriam-Webster, the Oxford dictionary and other sources define fan as a version of the word fanatic. The word first become popular in reference to baseball enthusiasts, fanatic itself, introduced into English around 1550, means marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense uncritical devotion. It comes from the Modern Latin fanaticus, meaning insanely but divinely inspired, the word originally pertained to a temple or sacred place. The modern sense of extremely zealous dates from around 1647, the use of fanatic as a noun dates from 1650. However, the fancy for an intense liking of something, while being of a different etymology, coincidentally carries a less intense. The word emerged as an Americanism around 1889, according to that theory, it was originally shortened to fance then just to the homonym fans. Supporter is a synonym to fan that predates the term and is still commonly used in British English. However, the fan has become popular throughout the English-speaking world. The term supporter is also used in a sense in the United States, to a fan of a politician, a political party. Fans usually have a strong enough interest that some changes in their lifestyles are made to accommodate devotion to the focal object, fans have a desire for external involvement – they are motivated to demonstrate their involvement with the area of interest through certain behaviors. Fans often have a wish to acquire material objects related to the area of interest, as well, some fans have a desire for social interaction with other fans. This again may take many forms, from casual conversation, e-mail, chat rooms, complexity allows further involvement of fans for a longer period of time because of the time needed to work the subject of interest out. It also contributes to a sense of belonging because of the mental effort invested in the subject. These fans will often hold a crush on a movie star, pop star. The groupie is an example, a fan of a band or musician
Fan (aficionado)
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Sudhir Kumar Chaudhary is a diehard fan of
cricketer Sachin Tendulkar and the
Indian cricket team, who travels to all Indian home games with his body painted as the
Indian flag
Fan (aficionado)
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Tobey Maguire greets fans at
Spider-Man 3 premiere
Fan (aficionado)
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Fans of
Star Trek cosplaying at Atlanta Dragon Con 2010.
Fan (aficionado)
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Fenerbahçe S.K. club fan mother with kid and pet
11.
Gary Merrill
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Merrill starred in All About Eve and married his co-star Bette Davis. Before entering films, Merrills deep cultured voice won him a role as Batman in the Superman radio series. His film career began promisingly, with roles in films like Twelve OClock High and All About Eve, but he moved beyond supporting roles in his many Westerns, war movies. His television career was extensive, if not consistent and he appeared from 1954-1956 as Jason Tyler on the NBC crime drama Justice, about lawyers of the Legal Aid Society of New York. In that series, he was cast opposite Dane Clark and then William Prince in the role of Richard Adams, in 1958, Merrill guest starred with June Lockhart in the roles of Joshua and Emily Newton in the episode Medicine Man of NBCs western series, Cimarron City. Merrill had recurring roles in Then Came Bronson with Michael Parks and Young Doctor Kildare, both of which lasted less than a season. In 1964, he starred as city editor Lou Sheldon, in the short-lived CBS drama about the fictitious New York Globe, The Reporter, in 1967, he starred in the Elvis Presley film, Clambake, with co-star James Gregory. Merrills first marriage, to Barbara Leeds in 1941, ended in divorce in Mexico July 28,1950 and that same day, he married Bette Davis, his co-star from All About Eve, and adopted her daughter Barbara from a previous marriage. He and Davis adopted two children, Margo and Michael, but they had a bitter divorce in 1960. Often politically active, he campaigned in 1958 to elect the Democrat, Edmund Sixtus Muskie, Merrill also took part in the Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 to promote Black voter registration. In response to U. S. President Lyndon B, johnsons Vietnam War policy, he unsuccessfully sought nomination to the Maine legislature as an anti-war, pro-environmentalist primary candidate. Aside from a role as narrator, Merrill had essentially retired from the entertainment business after 1980. Shortly before his death, he authored the autobiography Bette, Rita, Merrill survived his second ex-wife, Bette Davis, by only five months, dying of lung cancer in Falmouth, Maine on March 5,1990. He is buried there in the Pine Grove Cemetery and he was survived by a son, Michael, a daughter, Margot, a brother, Jerry, and two grandchildren. Merrills television work spanned from 1953-1980, most of his appearances were in guest-star roles in episodic and anthology series. The Outer Limits, Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, The Time Tunnel, Marcus Welby, medical Center, Kung Fu, Cannon and Movin On. Merrill also served as narrator of the 1972–73 syndicated TV series The American Adventure, Gary Merrill at the Internet Movie Database Gary Merrill at the Internet Broadway Database Gary Merrill at Find a Grave New York Times biography
Gary Merrill
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Merrill in the trailer for the film A Blueprint for Murder
12.
Hugh Marlowe
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Hugh Marlowe was an American film, television, stage and radio actor. Marlowe was born Hugh Herbert Hipple in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Marlowe was usually a secondary lead or supporting actor in the films he appeared in. Marlowe debuted in the theater in Pasadena, California, in the 1930s at the Pasadena Playhouse and he was first seen on the stage in New York City in Arrest That Woman. His Broadway appearances included Kiss the Boys Goodbye, The Land Is Bright, Lady in the Dark, Laura, in 1939-40, Marlowe was in two network radio programs. He was Jim Curtis in the soap opera Brenda Curtis, marlowes first film was Married Before Breakfast. His films included Meet Me in St. Louis, for a time he worked regularly for 20th Century Fox, appearing in Twelve OClock High, All About Eve, Night and the City, The Day the Earth Stood Still, Rawhide, and Howard Hawks Monkey Business. His later films include Earth vs. the Flying Saucers, Elmer Gantry, Birdman of Alcatraz, Marlowe plays a real person, the Reverend William Hyde, in the 1956 episode Dig or Die, Brother Hyde of the religion anthology series, Crossroads. Hyde was an itinerant prairie preacher who in the story line employs psychology to restore a womans faith and his co-stars in the episode are Alan Hale, Jr. In the unusually titled 1957 episode, Jhonakehunkga Called Jim, set in 1883, Marlowe plays the Reverend Jacob Stucki, the Indians, however, scorn the clergyman, who befriends a boy in an effort to prove his sincerity. Pat Hogan plays Jhonakehunkga, and Frank de Kova is cast as Black Hawk, Marlowe guest starred in the 1961 episode Mayberry on Record of CBSs The Andy Griffith Show. In 1962, he played the part of Sam Garner in the episode The Pitchwagon on CBSs Rawhide, Marlowe made six guest appearances on CBSs Perry Mason, starring Raymond Burr. Among those roles, he was cast as District Attorney and Perrys client Brander Harris in The Case of the Fraudulent Foto, james Page in The Case of the Slandered Submarine. He also played murder victim Ernest Stone in The Case of the Nebulous Nephew, Marlowe was a regular on the NBC television daytime drama, Another World, the last of four actors to portray the Matthews family patriarch, Jim Matthews, from 1969 until he died. Marlowe was married three times, each time to an actress, between 1941 and 1946 he was married to Edith Atwater. Between 1946 and 1968 he was married to K. T. Stevens, from 1968 to his death he was married to Rosemary Tory, they had one son, Hugh Michael II. Marlowe died in 1982 from an attack at the age of 71
Hugh Marlowe
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Marlowe (center) as Ellery Queen with
Santos Ortega and
Marian Shockley in
The Adventures of Ellery Queen, 1939.
13.
Thelma Ritter
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Thelma Ritter was an American actress, best known for her comedic roles as working class characters and her strong New York accent. She received six Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actress, Ritter was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1902. After appearing in school plays and stock companies, she trained as an actress at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts. She established a career but took a hiatus to raise her two children by her husband, Joseph Moran, an actor turned advertising executive. Ritter did stock theater and radio shows early in her career, ritters first movie role was in Miracle on 34th Street. She made an impression in a brief uncredited part, as a frustrated mother unable to find the toy that Kris Kringle has promised her son. Her second role, in writer-director Joseph L. Mankiewiczs A Letter to Three Wives, left a mark, mankiewicz kept Ritter in mind, and cast her as Birdie in All About Eve, which earned her an Oscar nomination. A second nomination followed for her work in Mitchell Leisens classic ensemble screwball comedy The Mating Season starring Gene Tierney and she enjoyed steady film work for the next dozen years. She appeared in many of the episodic drama TV series of the 1950s, such as Alfred Hitchcock Presents, General Electric Theater, other film roles were as James Stewarts nurse in Rear Window and as Doris Days housekeeper in Pillow Talk. Although best known for roles, she played the occasional dramatic role, most notably in With a Song in My Heart, Pickup on South Street, Titanic. Her last work was an appearance on The Jerry Lewis Show on January 23,1968, Ritter died of a heart attack in New York City, nine days before her 67th birthday. During her career, Ritter was nominated for an Oscar six times, the current record for all actors is Peter OToole with eight nominations without a win, followed by Richard Burton with seven nominations. Both Kerr and OToole received honorary awards from the Academy, however, in 1954, Thelma Ritter co-hosted the Oscar ceremony, notably trading wisecracks with Bob Hope. Nominated for Best Supporting Actress for, All About Eve The Mating Season Boeing Boeing Awarded Best Actress in a Musical for New Girl in Town in a rare tie, Thelma Ritter at the Internet Broadway Database Thelma Ritter at the Internet Movie Database
Thelma Ritter
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Ritter in 1955
14.
Marilyn Monroe
–
Marilyn Monroe was an American actress and model. Famous for playing comic dumb blonde characters, she one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s. Although she was an actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. She continues to be considered a popular culture icon. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes, while working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort, she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career. The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox and Columbia Pictures, after a series of minor film roles, she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951. Over the next two years, she became an actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business. Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for photos before becoming a star, but rather than damaging her career. Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career, she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project, when the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions. She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and her last completed film was the drama The Misfits. Monroes troubled private life received much attention and she struggled with substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She had two highly publicized marriages, to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller, both of which ended in divorce and she died at the age of 36 on August 5,1962, from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles. Although Monroes death was ruled a suicide, several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death. Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1,1926, Gladys, the daughter of two poor Midwestern migrants to California, was a flapper and worked as a film negative cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. When she was fifteen, Gladys married a man nine years her senior, John Newton Baker and she filed for divorce in 1921, and Baker took the children with him to his native Kentucky
Marilyn Monroe
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Studio publicity photograph
Marilyn Monroe
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A 1955 copy of Monroe's birth certificate, listing her name as Norma Jeane Mortenson
Marilyn Monroe
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Monroe photographed by
David Conover while she was still working at the Radioplane factory in late 1944
Marilyn Monroe
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Monroe as gangster's moll Angela in
John Huston 's
The Asphalt Jungle (1950), one of her first performances to be noted by the critics
15.
Gregory Ratoff
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Gregory Ratoff was a Russian-born American film director, actor and producer. His most famous role as an actor was as producer Max Fabian in All About Eve, Ratoff was born in Samara, Russia, near St. Petersburg, to Jewish parents, Sophie and Benjamin Ratner. Sophie Ratner would later adopt her sons stage surname when she became a naturalized United States citizen. She died on August 27,1955, and her date of birth is given as September 13,1877 in the California, Death Index, 1940-1997. Ratoff was pursuing a law degree at the University of St. Petersburg until his education was interrupted by service in the Czars army in World War I. After the war, he abandoned law to join the Moscow Art Theater and they decided to stay in the United States, and the couple married on January 19,1923. Leontovich gave Ratoffs year of birth as 1896 in her naturalization papers, a border crossing manifest, dated September 23,1922, gives both her age and that of Gregory Ratner as 29, indicating 1893 as the year of birth of both. When the Depression hit Broadway, Ratoff headed to Hollywood, as part of the exodus of NY theater pros who were quickly snapped up by producers terrified of films with dialogue, the talkies. He arrived in 1931 and caught a break, in Gregory La Cavas Symphony of Six Million. In Frank Lloyds Under Two Flags, he was in the French Foreign Legion, in Howard Hawks The Road to Glory and his role as a comic showbiz caricature was also popular, especially in Pre-Code backstage musicals, most famously as Mae Wests lawyer in Im No Angel. It was in 1936, while he acted in six films and he landed his most memorable film, Intermezzo, A Love Story when a harried David Selznick borrowed the prolific Ratoff from Fox to direct his new Swedish protege. The story was a remake of the Swedish film that had made Bergman a star, miss Bergman was none too impressed with Ratoff, particularly since she was still struggling with English herself and found Ratoff difficult to follow. Ratoff, however, soon saw that she is sensational, as he told Life Magazine, leslie Howard had been talked into the part with the promise of a co-producer credit. This would be Ratoffs last Hollywood picture, Ratoff would never reach such heights again, and never entered the top ranks of Hollywood directors. He dropped acting and left Fox in 1941 for a Columbia directing contract, song of Russia, another love story between musical performers was set in Russia when the Nazi invasion begins. Ratoff had been lent out for this MGM job because the romance had become one of his specialties after his best-known work in Intermezzo. He actually collapsed near the end of shooting and had to be replaced by another emigre, taylor was a friendly witness for HUAC and its two writers were hauled before the committee, questioned and harassed. Ratoffs directing career in Hollywood never recovered and he returned to acting, playing his most famous role as the befuddled producer Max Fabian in All About Eve, Ratoff found his remaining opportunities outside of the US
Gregory Ratoff
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Ratoff as Ipswich in
Professional Sweetheart (1933)
16.
Barbara Bates
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Barbara Bates was an American actress and singer, known for her role as Phoebe in the 1950 drama film All About Eve. The eldest of three daughters, Bates was born in Denver, Colorado, while growing up in Denver, she studied ballet and worked as a teen fashion model. The shy teen was persuaded to enter a beauty contest and won. Two days before returning to Denver, Bates met Cecil Coan, a United Artists publicist, in September 1944, Bates signed a contract with Universal Pictures after Cecil Coan introduced her to producer Walter Wanger. Soon after, she was cast as one of the Seven Salome Girls in the 1945 drama, around this time, she fell in love with Coan, who was married with two sons and two daughters. In March 1945, Coan divorced his wife and secretly married Bates days later, Bates spent the next few years as a stock actress, landing bit parts in movies and doing cheesecake layouts for magazines like Yank, the Army Weekly and Life. It was one of those sessions that caught the eye of executives at Warner Bros. who signed her in 1947. Warner Bros. highlighted her girl-next-door image and her career took off. She appeared with some of the biggest stars of the day including Bette Davis in June Bride, in 1949, Bates contract with Warner Bros. was terminated when she refused to go to New York City to promote The Inspector General. Despite being fired by Warner Brothers, she signed a contract with 20th Century-Fox later that year. In late 1949, Bates auditioned for the role of Phoebe in Foxs upcoming All About Eve. In competition for the part was Zsa Zsa Gabor and others and she made a short but important appearance as the devious schemer, Phoebe, at the end of the film. Bates image is enshrined in the films last scene, posing in front of a mirror, while holding the award won by her idol Eve Harrington. This memorable final scene left critics and audiences intrigued by the young actress, the Hollywood Reporter said of her performance, Barbara Bates comes on the screen in the last few moments to more or less sum up the whole action and point of the story. Its odd that a bit should count for so much, after her appearance in All About Eve, Bates co-starred in Cheaper by the Dozen, and its sequel Belles on Their Toes, with Jeanne Crain and Myrna Loy. In 1951, she landed a role opposite MacDonald Carey and Claudette Colbert in the comedy Lets Make It Legal and she co-starred with Donna Reed as the love interests of the 1953 hit Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis comedy, The Caddy. Despite a seemingly successful career, Bates life, both on and off screen, started unraveling and she became a victim of extreme mood swings, insecurity, ill health, and chronic depression. In 1954, she won the role of Cathy on the NBC sitcom Its a Great Life, co-starring Frances Bavier as her mother, Amy Morgan, after 26 episodes, she was written out of the show due to her erratic behavior, depression and instability
Barbara Bates
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Barbara Bates
17.
Walter Hampden
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Walter Hampden Dougherty, known professionally as Walter Hampden, was an American actor and theatre manager. He was a stage star on Broadway in New York who also made numerous television. Walter Hampden was the son of John Hampden Dougherty and Alice Hill and he was a younger brother of the American painter Paul Dougherty. He went to England for apprenticeship for six years and he graduated from what is now NYU Poly in 1900. Later, he played Hamlet, Henry V and Cyrano de Bergerac on Broadway, in 1925, he became manager of the Colonial Theatre on Broadway, which was renamed Hampdens Theatre from 1925 to 1931. He became noted for his Shakespearean roles as well as for Cyrano and he appeared on the cover of the Time Magazine in March 1929. Hampdens last stage role was as Danforth in the original Broadway production of Arthur Millers The Crucible, John Garrett Underhill produced the first English-language version of The Bonds of Interest by Jacinto Benavente, with Walter Hampden, in 1929. This was Hampdens first sound film, he was sixty at the time he made it, several other roles followed—Jarvis Langdon in the 1944 film The Adventures of Mark Twain among them, but all were supporting character roles, not the lead roles that Hampden played onstage. These last two films are arguably those for which Hampden is most well known to modern audiences and he also played long-bearded patriarchs in biblical epics like The Silver Chalice and The Prodigal. Hampden reprised his portrayal of Hercule Savinien Cyrano de Bergerac in the first episode of the radio program Great Scenes from Great Plays. In addition to his roles, Hampden also appeared in several dramas during the early days of television. He made his TV debut in 1949, playing Macbeth for the last time at the age of 69 and it was released posthumously, more than a year after Hampdens death. For 27 years, Walter Hampden was president of the Players Club, the clubs library is named for him. His ashes are buried at The Evergreen Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York, Hampden married actress Mabel Carrie Moore on 17 July 1905. They had a son, Paul Hampden Dougherty, and a daughter, Mary Moore Dougherty
Walter Hampden
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in 1951
Walter Hampden
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Walter Hampden as Oberon in A Midsummer Nights Dream, circa 1905
18.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
–
Pantages Theatre, 2008
19.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Janet Gaynor receiving the award for her roles in 7th Heaven, Street Angel, and Sunrise. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actresses were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actress is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, one actress has been nominated posthumously, Jeanne Eagels. Only three film characters have been nominated more than once in this category, elizabeth I of England, Leslie Crosbie in The Letter, and Esther Blodgett in A Star is Born. Six women on the list have received an Honorary Academy Award for their acting, they are Greta Garbo, Barbara Stanwyck, Mary Pickford, Deborah Kerr, Gena Rowlands, since its inception, the award has been given to 74 actresses. Katharine Hepburn has won the most awards in this category, with four Oscars, meryl Streep, who has a total of 20 Oscar nominations, has been nominated in this category on 16 occasions, resulting in two awards. As of the 2017 ceremony, Emma Stone is the most recent winner in category for her role as Mia Dolan in La La Land. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Janet Gaynor was the first winner in this category for her roles in
7th Heaven (1927),
Sunrise: A Song of Two Humans (1927), and
Street Angel (1928).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Norma Shearer won in 1930 for her performance in
The Divorcee.
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Katharine Hepburn has the most wins in this category for her roles in
Morning Glory (1933),
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967),
The Lion in Winter (1968), and
On Golden Pond (1981).
Academy Award for Best Actress
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Bette Davis won two awards from ten nominations for her roles in
Dangerous (1935) and
Jezebel (1938).
20.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Alice Brady won for her performance in 1937's
In Old Chicago.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Hattie McDaniel won in 1939 for her role as Mammy in
Gone with the Wind, thus becoming the first black performer to win an Oscar.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Jane Darwell won for her performance as Ma Joad in
The Grapes of Wrath (1940).
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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Teresa Wright won for her role in 1942's
Mrs Miniver.
21.
National Film Registry
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The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion
National Film Registry
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Logo for the National Film Registry
National Film Registry
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The 47-second long
The Kiss (1896) was one of the first films shown commercially to the public.
National Film Registry
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The Great Train Robbery (1903) used a variety of editing techniques that were becoming popular at the time of its release.
National Film Registry
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Although not the first animated film,
Gertie the Dinosaur became the first popular cartoon.
22.
American Film Institute
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The American Film Institute is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the moving picture arts in America. AFI is supported by funding and public membership. The institute is composed of leaders from the film, entertainment, business, a board of trustees chaired by Sir Howard Stringer and a board of directors chaired by Robert A. Daly guide the organization, which is led by President and CEO Bob Gazzale. Prior leaders were founding director George Stevens, Jr. and Jean Picker Firstenberg. <ref>AFI Board of Trustees etc. American Film Institute. October 2014. Retrieved December 24,2014. </ref>Two years later, in 1967, AFI was established, supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Motion Picture Association of America and the Ford Foundation. The institute established a program for filmmakers known then as the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981, the film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory, an accredited graduate school. AFI educates audiences and recognizes excellence through its awards programs and 10 Top 10 Lists. In 1969, the established the AFI Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies at Greystone. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick, Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader, mirroring a professional production environment, Fellows collaborate to make more films than any other graduate level program. Admission to AFI Conservatory is highly selective, with a maximum of 140 graduates per year, in 2013, Emmy and Oscar-winning director, producer and screenwriter James L. Brooks joined AFI as Artistic Director of the AFI Conservatory where he provides leadership for the film program. Brooks artistic role at the AFI Conservatory has a legacy that includes Daniel Petrie, Jr. Robert Wise. Award-winning director Bob Mandel served as Dean of the AFI Conservatory for nine years, jan Schuette took over as Dean in 2014. AFI Conservatorys alumni have careers in film, television and on the web and they have been recognized with all of the major industry awards – Academy Award, Emmy Award, guild awards, and the Tony Award. The AFI Catalog, started in 1968, is a web-based filmographic database, early print copies of this catalog may also be found at your local library. Each year the AFI Awards honor the ten outstanding films and ten outstanding television programs, the awards are a non-competitive acknowledgement of excellence. The Awards are announced in December and a luncheon for award honorees takes place the following January. The juries consisted of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics and historians, with movies selected based on the films popularity over time, historical significance, citizen Kane was voted the greatest American film twice. AFI operates two film festivals, AFI Fest in Los Angeles, and AFI Docs in Silver Spring, Maryland, AFI Fest is the American Film Institutes annual celebration of artistic excellence
American Film Institute
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American Film Institute
23.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco
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San Francisco and the
Golden Gate Bridge from
Marin Headlands
San Francisco
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco
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1853
United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
24.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
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Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
–
Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
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Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
25.
New Haven
–
New Haven, in the U. S. state of Connecticut, is the principal municipality in Greater New Haven, which had a total population of 862,477 in 2010. It is located on New Haven Harbor on the shore of Long Island Sound in New Haven County, Connecticut. It is the second-largest city in Connecticut, with a population of 129,779 people as of the 2010 United States Census, according to a census of 1 July 2012, by the Census Bureau, the city had a population of 130,741. New Haven was founded in 1638 by English Puritans, and a year later eight streets were laid out in a four-by-four grid, the central common block is the New Haven Green, a 16-acre square, and the center of Downtown New Haven. The Green is now a National Historic Landmark and the Nine Square Plan is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark, New Haven is the home of Yale University. The university is an part of the citys economy, being New Havens biggest taxpayer and employer. Health care, professional services, financial services, and retail trade also help to form a base for the city. The city served as co-capital of Connecticut from 1701 until 1873, New Haven has since billed itself as the Cultural Capital of Connecticut for its supply of established theaters, museums, and music venues. New Haven is also the birthplace of George W. Bush, New Haven had the first public tree planting program in America, producing a canopy of mature trees that gave New Haven the nickname The Elm City. The area was visited by Dutch explorer Adriaen Block in 1614. Dutch traders set up a trading system of beaver pelts with the local inhabitants, but trade was sporadic. In 1637 a small party of Puritans reconnoitered the New Haven harbor area, the Quinnipiacs, who were under attack by neighboring Pequots, sold their land to the settlers in return for protection. By 1640, the theocratic government and nine-square grid plan were in place. However, the north of New Haven remained Quinnipiac until 1678. The settlement became the headquarters of the New Haven Colony, at the time, the New Haven Colony was separate from the Connecticut Colony, which had been established to the north centering on Hartford. Economic disaster struck the colony in 1646, however, when the town sent its first fully loaded ship of goods back to England. This ship never reached the Old World, and its disappearance stymied New Havens development in the face of the rising power of Boston. In 1660, founder John Davenports wishes were fulfilled, and Hopkins School was founded in New Haven with money from the estate of Edward Hopkins, in 1661, the judges who had signed the death warrant of Charles I of England were pursued by Charles II
New Haven
–
Montage of New Haven. Clockwise from top left:
Downtown New Haven skyline,
East Rock Park, summer festivities on the
New Haven Green, shops along
Upper State Street,
Five Mile Point Lighthouse,
Harkness Tower, and
Connecticut Hall at Yale.
New Haven
–
Seal
New Haven
–
The 1638 nine-square plan, with the extant
New Haven Green at its center, continues to define New Haven's downtown
New Haven
–
New Haven as it appeared in a 1786 engraving
26.
Brewer
–
Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a brewer, at home by a homebrewer. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations including ancient Egypt, since the nineteenth century the brewing industry has been part of most western economies. The basic ingredients of beer are water and a starch source such as malted barley. Most beer is fermented with a brewers yeast and flavoured with hops, less widely used starch sources include millet, sorghum and cassava. Secondary sources, such as maize, rice, or sugar, may also be used, sometimes to reduce cost, or to add a feature, the proportion of each starch source in a beer recipe is collectively called the grain bill. Steps in the process include malting, milling, mashing, lautering, boiling, fermenting, conditioning, filtering. There are three main methods, warm, cool and spontaneous. Fermentation may take place in an open or closed fermenting vessel, there are several additional brewing methods, such as barrel aging, double dropping, and Yorkshire Square. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests emerging civilizations including ancient Egypt, descriptions of various beer recipes can be found in cuneiform from ancient Mesopotamia. Ethnographic studies and archaeological records indicate that brewing alcohol was primary an activity engaged in by women, chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in what is today Iran. This discovery reveals one of the earliest known uses of fermentation and is the earliest evidence of brewing to date, in Mesopotamia, the oldest evidence of beer is believed to be a 6, 000-year-old Sumerian tablet depicting people drinking a beverage through reed straws from a communal bowl. A 3900-year-old Sumerian poem honouring Ninkasi, the goddess of brewing, contains the oldest surviving beer recipe. The invention of bread and beer has been argued to be responsible for humanitys ability to develop technology, Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe as far back as 5,000 years ago, and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. Ale produced before the Industrial Revolution continued to be made and sold on a scale, although by the 7th century AD beer was also being produced. During the Industrial Revolution, the production of beer moved from artisanal manufacture to industrial manufacture, the development of hydrometers and thermometers changed brewing by allowing the brewer more control of the process, and greater knowledge of the results. Today, the industry is a global business, consisting of several dominant multinational companies. More than 133 billion litres are sold per year—producing total global revenues of $294.5 billion in 2006
Brewer
–
Malted barley before kilning or roasting
Brewer
–
A 16th-century brewery
Brewer
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Hop cone in a
Hallertau, Germany, hop yard
Brewer
–
A mash tun at the
Bass Museum in Burton-upon-Trent
27.
Franklyn Farnum
–
Franklyn Farnum, screen name of William Smith, was an American character actor and Hollywood extra who appeared in 433 productions between the years 1916 and 1961. Farnum appeared as an actor in films to win the Academy Award for Best Picture than any other. Smith was born in 1878 in Boston, Massachusetts, and became an actor at the age of twelve. He was featured in a number of theatre and musical productions by the time he entered silent films near the age of 40 and he appeared to be at his most comfortable in a saddle, his career dominated mostly by westerns. Some of his famous films include the serial Vanishing Trails and the features The Clock, The Firebrand, The Drug Store Cowboy. He left films in 1925 but returned five years later at the advent of sound, only to find himself billed much further down the credits, however, he continued on in these obscure roles well into the 1950s. One of his three wives was the ill-fated actress Alma Rubens, to whom he was married in 1918. He had one daughter, Martha Lillian Smith, who was born in 1898 and he died of cancer in Woodland Hills, California, in 1961 at the age of 83. K. Corral My Man Godfrey Witness for the Prosecution as an old barrister King Creole Pillow Talk Franklyn Farnum at the Internet Movie Database Franklyn Farnum at Find a Grave
Franklyn Farnum
–
Farnum in Photoplay Magazine, 1917
Franklyn Farnum
–
The Winged Mystery (1917)
28.
Elisabeth Bergner
–
Elisabeth Bergner was a European actress. Primarily a stage actress, her career flourished in Berlin and Paris and her signature role was Gemma Jones in Escape Me Never, a play written for her by Margaret Kennedy. Bergner, known in Europe as La Bergner, played Gemma first in London and she later repeated it in a film version, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 1943, Bergner returned to Broadway in the play The Two Mrs. Carrolls and she was born Elisabeth Ettel in Drohobych, Austro-Hungarian Empire to Anna Rosa and Emil Ettel, a merchant. She grew up in a secular Jewish home, the Hebrew she heard in her childhood was associated with Yom Kippur and Pesach, and on her visits to Israel, she apologized for not knowing the language. She first acted onstage at age 14, and appeared in Innsbruck a year later, in Vienna at age 16, she toured Austrian and German provinces with a Shakespearean company. She worked as a model, posing for sculptor Wilhelm Lehmbruck. She eventually moved to Munich and later Berlin, in 1923, she made her film debut in Der Evangelimann. With the rise of Nazism, Bergner moved to London with director Paul Czinner and her stage work in London included The Boy David by J. M. Barrie, his last play, which he wrote especially for her, and Escape Me Never by Margaret Kennedy. Catherine the Great was banned in Germany because of the racial policies. She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress for Escape Me Never, miss Bergner had previously only played the role on the German stage, and several critics found that her accent got in the way of their enjoyment of the film, which was not a success. She returned intermittently to the stage, for instance in the role of John Websters The Duchess of Malfi in 1946. In 1973, she starred in the Academy Award-nominated and Golden Globe-winner for Best Foreign-Language Foreign Film of 1974, Bergner temporarily returned to Germany in 1954, where she acted in movies and on the stage, the Berlin district of Steglitz named a city park after her. In 1980, Austria awarded her the Cross of Merit for Science and Art and, in 1982 and she later moved to London, where she died aged 88 from cancer. She was cremated at Golders Green Crematorium on 15 May 1986 and her ashes lie in the West Cloister and have an oval memorial tablet. Bergner is considered by critics to be the inspiration for the character of Margo Channing in Joseph L. Mankiewiczs classic film. Bergner had an incident about a would-be Eve Harrington when Bergner was performing in the play The Two Mrs. Carrolls. Bergner helped a young actress, and the took over Bergners life
Elisabeth Bergner
–
Elisabeth Bergner, 1935
29.
The Two Mrs. Carrolls
–
While on vacation in Scotland, Sally Morton learns that her lover, the painter Geoffrey Carroll, is already married. Before returning home to his pre-teen daughter, Beatrice, and his ill wife, Geoffrey is painting his wifes portrait, depicting her as an angel of death. Two years pass and Geoffreys first wife has died, leaving him free to marry Sally, although Geoffreys career is doing well, lately he has been unable to paint anything of quality. Sally, the new Mrs. Carroll, entertains her old boyfriend, Charles Penny Pennington, Geoffrey begins painting Cecilys portrait, and becomes romantically involved with her. Sally becomes aware of her husbands illicit romance, several weeks pass, and Sally has fallen ill, recovered, and fallen ill again several times. The bumbling, alcoholic local physician, Dr. Tuttle, believes she is recovering, in an idle conversation with Beatrice, Sally discovers that the first Mrs. Carroll suffered from a series of illnesses very similar to her own. She also learns that Geoffrey has lied extensively about his first wife, meanwhile, Geoffrey is being blackmailed by Blagdon, the chemist. Sally suspects that Geoffrey is gradually poisoning her via her nightly glasses of milk, Geoffrey murders Blagdon to end the blackmail. Sally enters Geoffreys studio, and sees that he is painting her as an angel of death as well and that night, during a terrific thunderstorm, Sally disposes of her nightly glass of milk rather than drinking it. But Geoffrey learns of her deception, and inspired by articles about a local strangler, goes outside into the rain. At the last moment, Penny and the police arrive and save Sally from Geoffrey, Martin Vale was the pseudonym of Marguerite Vale Veiller, the wife of writer Bayard Veiller. Her play, The Two Mrs. Carrolls, opened in London in 1935, the play moved to Broadway in 1943, where it was a minor hit. Actress Elisabeth Bergner won high praise for the role of Sally Morton Carroll, during the plays run, a shy girl showed up at the stage door night after night to speak with Bergner. Bergner eventually became a mentor to the girl, sponsored her career in the theater, the girl eventually undercut Bergners career. The incident became the basis for the short story The Wisdom of Eve by Mary Orr, in the summer of 1944, Warner Brothers paid $225,000 for the film rights to the play. Although no screenwriter had been assigned to adapt the play for film, Warners announced that Bette Davis would star in the Sally Carroll role, meanwhile, Warners also purchased the rights to the Ayn Rand novel, The Fountainhead. The studio hired Mervyn LeRoy to direct, and announced that Humphrey Bogart, Veiller and Vales play was significantly altered for the film. In the play, the first Mrs. Carroll is not murdered in the first act and she telephones Sally to warn her that Geoffrey is attempting to poison her
The Two Mrs. Carrolls
–
Theatrical release poster
The Two Mrs. Carrolls
–
Barbara Stanwyck (seen here in 1942) was a good friend of director Peter Godfrey
The Two Mrs. Carrolls
–
Some reviewers say The Two Mrs. Carrolls is similar to Gaslight, starring Ingrid Bergman
The Two Mrs. Carrolls
–
The legend of Bluebeard (depicted) is one of several themes in The Two Mrs. Carrolls.
30.
Susan Hayward
–
Susan Hayward was an American actress. After working as a model, Hayward traveled to Hollywood in 1937. She secured a contract and played several small supporting roles over the next few years. Her career continued successfully through the 1950s and she received subsequent nominations for My Foolish Heart, With a Song in My Heart and she finally won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of death-row inmate Barbara Graham in I Want to Live. After Haywards second marriage and subsequent move to Georgia, her appearances became infrequent, although she continued acting in film. She died in 1975 of brain cancer, Hayward was born Edythe Marrenner in Brooklyn, the youngest of three children born to Ellen and Walter Marrenner. Her paternal grandmother was an actress, Kate Harrigan, from County Cork and her mother was of Swedish descent. She had a sister, Florence, and an older brother, Walter, Jr. Hayward was educated at Public School 181. During her high school years, she acted in school plays and was named Most Dramatic by her class. Hayward began her career as a model, going to Hollywood in 1937. Although she did not win the role, Hayward found employment playing bit parts until she was cast in Beau Geste opposite Gary Cooper. During the war years, she acted with John Wayne twice, as a lead in Reap the Wild Wind. She also starred in the version of The Hairy Ape. After the war, Haywards career took off when she was contracted by producer Walter Wanger for a contract at $100,000 a year. With her first film being Canyon Passage, in 1947, she received the first of five Academy Award nominations for her role as an alcoholic nightclub singer in Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman, her second film for Wanger. She continued as one of Hollywoods most popular leading ladies in films such as Tap Roots, My Foolish Heart, David and Bathsheba, Haywards portrayal of Graham won her the Academy Award for Best Actress. In 1959, she played the lead, Mary Sharron, in Woman Obsessed, in 1956, she was cast by Howard Hughes to play Bortai in the historical epic The Conqueror, as John Waynes leading lady. Though Hayward never truly known as a singer because she hated her own singing
Susan Hayward
–
Hayward in the early 1940s
Susan Hayward
–
In Smash Up (1947)
Susan Hayward
–
Hayward receiving an Oscar for Best Actress in I Want to Live (1958)
31.
Marlene Dietrich
–
Marie Magdalene Marlene Dietrich was a German actress and singer who held both German and American citizenship. Throughout her unusually long career, which spanned from the 1910s to the 1980s, in the 1920s in Berlin, Dietrich acted on the stage and in silent films. Her performance as Lola-Lola in The Blue Angel brought her international fame, Dietrich starred in Hollywood films such as Morocco, Shanghai Express, and Desire. She successfully traded on her glamorous persona and exotic looks, throughout World War II, she was a high-profile entertainer in the United States. Although she still made occasional films after the war, Dietrich spent most of the 1950s to the 1970s touring the world as a marquee live-show performer. Dietrich was noted for her efforts during the war, housing German and French exiles, providing financial support. For her work on improving morale on the front lines during the war, she received honors from the United States, France, Belgium. In 1999, the American Film Institute named Dietrich the ninth-greatest female star of classic Hollywood cinema, Dietrich was born on 27 December 1901 on Leberstraße 65 in the neighborhood of Rote Insel in Schöneberg, now a district of Berlin. She was the younger of two daughters of Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine and Louis Erich Otto Dietrich, who married in December 1898, Dietrichs mother was from an affluent Berlin family who owned a jewelry and clock making firm. Her father was a lieutenant who died in 1907. Von Losch never officially adopted the Dietrich girls, so Dietrichs surname was never von Losch, Dietrichs family nicknamed her Lena and Lene. Around age 11, she contracted her two first names to form the name Marlene, Dietrich attended the Auguste-Viktoria Girls School from 1907 to 1917 and graduated from the Victoria-Luise-Schule in 1918. She studied the violin and became interested in theater and poetry as a teenager. Her dreams of becoming a concert violinist were curtailed by a wrist injury and she was fired after only four weeks. Her earliest professional stage appearances were as a girl on tour with Guido Thielschers Girl-Kabarett vaudeville-style entertainments. She did not attract any attention at first. She made her film debut playing a bit part in the film The Little Napoleon and she met her future husband, Rudolf Sieber, on the set of Tragödie der Liebe in 1923. Dietrich and Sieber were married in a ceremony in Berlin on 17 May 1923
Marlene Dietrich
–
Dietrich in her breakthrough role, Lola-Lola in
Der blaue Engel (The Blue Angel)
Marlene Dietrich
–
Dietrich in 1951
Marlene Dietrich
–
Marlene Dietrich signing a soldier's cast in
Belgium, 1944.
Marlene Dietrich
–
Dietrich often performed parts of her show in
top hat and tails. Caricature by Hans Georg Pfannmüller showing Dietrich during a cabaret performance in 1954.
32.
Germany
–
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
Germany
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The
Nebra sky disk is dated to c. 1600 BC.
Germany
–
Flag
Germany
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Martin Luther (1483–1546) initiated the
Protestant Reformation.
Germany
–
Foundation of the
German Empire in
Versailles, 1871.
Bismarck is at the center in a white uniform.
33.
Gertrude Lawrence
–
Gertrude Lawrence was an English actress, singer, dancer and musical comedy performer known for her stage appearances in the West End of London and on Broadway in New York. Lawrence was born Gertrude Alice Dagmar Klasen, Alexandre Dagmar Lawrence-Klasen, Gertrude Alexandra Dagmar Klasen or some variant, of English and Danish extraction and her father was a basso profundo who performed under the name Arthur Lawrence. His heavy drinking led her mother Alice to leave him soon after Gertrudes birth, in 1904, her stepfather took the family to Bognor on the Sussex coast for the August bank holiday. While there, they attended a concert audience members were invited to entertain. At her mothers urging, young Gertrude sang a song and was rewarded with a sovereign for her effort. It was her first public performance, in 1908, to augment the familys meagre income, Alice accepted a job in the chorus of the Christmas pantomime at Brixton Theatre. A child who could sing and dance was needed to out the troupe. While working in the production Alice heard of Italia Conti, who dance, elocution. Gertrude auditioned for Conti, who thought the child was talented enough to warrant free lessons, Lawrence joined Italia Contis production of Where the Rainbow Ends. Her training led to appearances in Max Reinhardts The Miracle in London and Fifinella, directed by Basil Dean, at some point during this period, the child decided to adopt her fathers professional surname as her own. Dean then cast her in his production, Gerhart Hauptmanns Hannele. Their meeting was the start of a close and sometimes tempestuous friendship, following Hannele, Lawrence reconnected with her father, who was living with a chorus girl. Lawrence, now aged sixteen, opted to live at the Theatrical Girls Club in Soho rather than return to her mother and stepfather. When it closed, she assumed Lillies role on tour, then returned to London once again to understudy the star in another Charlot production, although he was twenty years her senior, the two wed and soon after had a daughter Pamela, Lawrences only child. The marriage was not a success, and Lawrence took Pamela with her to her mothers home in Clapham, the couple remained separated but did not divorce until ten years later. While performing there she met Captain Philip Astley, a member of the Household Cavalry and he became her friend, escort, and ultimately lover, and taught her how to dress and behave in high society. The two remained close until he married actress Madeleine Carroll in 1931, when Lawrence divorced Gordon-Howley, she and Taylor became engaged and remained so for two years, with each free to enjoy a social life separate from the other. At the end of 1920, Lawrence left Murrays and began to ease her way back into legitimate theatre while touring in a music hall act as the partner of popular singer Walter Williams
Gertrude Lawrence
–
Lawrence in 1947
Gertrude Lawrence
–
Lawrence with
Fairbanks, Jr. (1934)
The King and I (1951)
Gertrude Lawrence
–
Yul Brynner and Gertrude Lawrence in the stage musical
The King and I
34.
Barbara Stanwyck
–
Barbara Stanwyck was an American actress, model and dancer. She was a film and television star, known during her 60-year career as a consummate and versatile professional with a strong, realistic screen presence, deMille, Fritz Lang, and Frank Capra. After a short but notable career as an actress in the late 1920s, she made 85 films in 38 years in Hollywood. Orphaned at the age of four and partially raised in foster homes and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress four times, for Stella Dallas, Ball of Fire, Double Indemnity and Sorry, Wrong Number. For her television work she won three Emmy Awards, for The Barbara Stanwyck Show, The Big Valley and The Thorn Birds, the Thorn Birds also won her a Golden Globe. She received an Honorary Oscar at the 1982 Academy Award ceremony and she was also the recipient of honorary lifetime awards from the American Film Institute, the Film Society of Lincoln Center, the Los Angeles Film Critics Association and the Screen Actors Guild. Stanwyck received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960, Barbara Stanwyck was born Ruby Catherine Stevens on July 16,1907, in Brooklyn, New York. She was the child of Byron E. and Catherine Ann Stevens. Her father was a native of Massachusetts and her mother was an immigrant from Nova Scotia, Ruby was of English and Scottish ancestry, by her father and mother, respectively. When Ruby was four, her mother died of complications from a miscarriage after a drunken stranger accidentally knocked her off a moving streetcar, two weeks after the funeral, Byron Stevens joined a work crew digging the Panama Canal and was never seen again. Ruby and her brother, Byron, were raised by their elder sister Mildred, when Mildred got a job as a showgirl, Ruby and Byron were placed in a series of foster homes, from which young Ruby often ran away. Ruby toured with Mildred during the summers of 1916 and 1917, watching the movies of Pearl White, whom Ruby idolized, also influenced her drive to be a performer. At the age of 14 she dropped out of school, to take a job wrapping packages at a department store in Brooklyn, Ruby never attended high school, although early biographical thumbnail sketches had her attending Brooklyns famous Erasmus Hall High School. Soon afterward, she took a job filing cards at the Brooklyn telephone office for a wage of $14 a week and she disliked both jobs, her real goal was to enter show business, even as her sister Mildred discouraged the idea. She then took a job cutting dress patterns for Vogue magazine and her next job was as a typist for the Jerome H. Remick Music Company, a job she reportedly enjoyed. However, her ambition was to work in show business. In 1923, a few months before her 16th birthday, Ruby auditioned for a place in the chorus at the Strand Roof, a night club over the Strand Theatre in Times Square. A few months later, she obtained a job as a dancer in the 1922 and 1923 seasons of the Ziegfeld Follies, I just wanted to survive and eat and have a nice coat, Stanwyck said
Barbara Stanwyck
–
Stanwyck in studio portrait, c. 1930s
Barbara Stanwyck
–
Barbara Stanwyck as a Ziegfeld girl (c. 1924)
Barbara Stanwyck
–
In
The Gay Sisters (1942)
Barbara Stanwyck
–
With
Ralph Meeker in
Jeopardy (1953)
35.
Tallulah Bankhead
–
Tallulah Brockman Bankhead was an American actress of the stage and screen, and a reputed libertine. Bankhead was known for her voice, outrageous personality. Originating some of the 20th-century theaters preeminent roles in comedy and melodrama, Bankhead became an icon of the tempestuous, flamboyant actress, and her unique voice and mannerisms are often subject to imitation and parody. Tallulah hailed from the Brockman Bankheads, a prominent Alabama political family — her grandfather, senators and her father served as Speaker of the House of Representatives. Primarily an actress of the stage, Bankhead did have one hit on film, as well as a brief and she later made appearances on television, some of which have become classics. In her personal life, Bankhead struggled with alcoholism and drug addiction, Bankhead was capable of great kindness and generosity to those in need, supporting disadvantaged foster children and helping several families escape the Spanish Civil War and World War II. Bankhead was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1972, upon her death, Bankhead was credited with nearly 300 film, stage, television, and radio roles. She is regarded as one of the 20th century theatres great Leading Ladies, Tallulah Brockman Bankhead was born on January 31,1902, in Huntsville, Alabama to William Brockman Bankhead and Adelaide Eugenia Ada Bankhead. Tallu was named after her grandmother, who in turn was named after Tallulah Falls. Her father hailed from the Bankhead-and-Brockman political family, active in the Democratic Party in the South in general and her father was the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives from 1936 to 1940. She was the niece of Senator John H. Bankhead II and her mother, Adelaide Ada Eugenia, was a native of Como, Mississippi, and was engaged to another man when she met William Bankhead on a trip to Huntsville, Alabama to buy her wedding dress. The two fell in love at first sight and were married on January 31,1900 in Memphis and their first child, Ada Eugenia, was born on January 24,1901. She was born prematurely and suffered from vision difficulties, the following year, Bankhead was born on her parents wedding anniversary, on the second floor of what is now known as the Isaac Schiffman Building. A marker was erected to commemorate the site, and in 1980 the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, Ada died of blood poisoning on February 23,1902, three weeks after Bankheads birth. Coincidentally, her grandmother had died giving birth to her mother. On her deathbed, Ada told her sister-in-law to take care of Eugenia, Bankhead was baptized next to her mothers coffin. Bankhead was devastated by his wifes death, which sent him into a bout of depression, consequently, Tallulah and her sister Eugenia were mostly reared by their paternal grandmother, Tallulah James Brockman Bankhead, at the family estate called Sunset in Jasper, Alabama. As a child, Bankhead was described as extremely homely and overweight, while her sister was slim, as a result, she did everything in her efforts to gain attention, and constantly sought her fathers approval
Tallulah Bankhead
–
Bankhead in 1941
Tallulah Bankhead
–
Welsh artist
Augustus John with Bankhead and her portrait (1929)
Tallulah Bankhead
–
Promotional Poster for
Faithless
Tallulah Bankhead
–
Program for the broadway production of
The Little Foxes
36.
Joan Crawford
–
Joan Crawford was an American film and television actress who began her career as a dancer and stage showgirl. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Crawford tenth on its list of the greatest female stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema. Beginning her career as a dancer in traveling theatrical companies, before debuting as a girl on Broadway. In the 1930s, Crawfords fame rivaled, and later outlasted, MGM colleagues Norma Shearer, Crawford often played hard-working young women who find romance and success. These stories were received by Depression-era audiences and were popular with women. But her career gradually improved in the early 1940s, and she made a comeback in 1945 by starring in Mildred Pierce. She would go on to receive Best Actress nominations for Possessed, in 1955, Crawford became involved with the Pepsi-Cola Company through her marriage to company Chairman Alfred Steele. After his death in 1959, Crawford was elected to fill his vacancy on the board of directors, following a public appearance in 1974, after which unflattering photographs were published, Crawford withdrew from public life and became increasingly reclusive until her death in 1977. Her first three ended in divorce, the last ended with the death of husband Alfred Steele. She adopted five children, one of whom was reclaimed by his birth mother, Crawfords relationships with her two older children, Christina and Christopher, were acrimonious. Crawford disinherited the two, and, after Crawfords death, Christina wrote a well-known tell-all memoir titled Mommie Dearest, Crawfords remains are interred at the Ferncliff Cemetery, in Hartsdale, New York. Born Lucille Fay LeSueur in San Antonio, Texas, on March 23, Crawfords birth year is disputed, with 1904,1905 and she was the youngest and third child of father Thomas E. LeSueur, a laundry laborer, and mother Anna Bell Johnson. Johnson was of English, French Huguenot, Swedish, and Irish ancestry, Crawfords elder siblings were sister Daisy LeSueur, who died before Lucilles birth, and brother Hal LeSueur. Crawfords father abandoned the family a few months before her birth, reappearing later in 1930 in Abilene, Texas, following LeSueurs departure from the family home, Crawfords mother married Henry J. Cassin. The marriage is listed in the census as Crawfords mothers first marriage, Crawford lived with her mother, stepfather, and siblings in Lawton, Oklahoma. There, Cassin, an impresario, ran the Ramsey Opera House and managed to book diverse. At that time, Crawford was reportedly unaware that Cassin, whom she called daddy, was not her father until her brother Hal told her the truth. Crawford preferred the nickname Billie as a child and enjoyed watching vaudeville acts perform on the stage of her stepfathers theatre, because the familys instability negatively affected Crawfords childhood, her schooling never formally progressed beyond elementary school
Joan Crawford
–
in 1936 photo by
George Hurrell
Joan Crawford
–
Joan Crawford in 1928
Joan Crawford
–
With
John Gilbert in a 1928 film,
Four Walls
Joan Crawford
–
Crawford in 1932
37.
Claudette Colbert
–
Claudette Colbert was an American film actress and a leading lady in Hollywood for over two decades, and has been called The mixture of inimitably beauty, sophistication, wit, and vivacity. Colbert began her career in Broadway productions during the late 1920s, initially associated with Paramount Pictures, Colbert later gradually shifted to working as a freelance actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in It Happened One Night, other notable films include Cleopatra and The Palm Beach Story. During her career, Colbert starred in more than sixty movies and she was the industrys highest-paid star in 1938 and 1942. Among her frequent co-stars were Fred MacMurray in seven films, by the early 1950s, she had largely retired from the screen in favor of television and stage work, earning a Tony Award nomination for The Marriage-Go-Round in 1959. Her career tapered off during the early 1960s, but in the late 1970s she experienced a resurgence in theater. For her television work in The Two Mrs. Grenvilles she won a Golden Globe Award, in 1999, the American Film Institute voted Colbert the 12th Greatest Female star of classic Hollywood cinema. Émilie Lily Claudette Chauchoin was born in Saint-Mandé, France, to Georges Claude Chauchoin, despite being christened Émilie, she was called Lily, because she had an aunt living with her by the name of Émilie. The aunt was her maternal grandmothers adopted child, Emilie Loew, who was not a relative, worked as a dressmaker. Colberts nickname Lily came from Jersey-born actress Lillie Langtry, Colberts brother, Charles Auguste Chauchoin, was also born in Jersey. While Georges Chauchoin had lost the sight in his eye and hadnt settled into a profession, he worked as investment banker. Marie Loew had already been to the U. S. Marie was willing to help Georges financially but also encouraged him to try his luck in the U. S. In order to more employment opportunities, her family including Marie and Emilie Loew emigrated into Manhattan in 1906. They lived in a fifth-floor walk-up at 53rd Street, Colbert stated that climbing those stairs to the fifth floor every day until 1922 made her legs beautiful. Her parents formally changed her name to Lily Claudette Chauchoin. Georges Chauchoin worked as an official at First National City Bank. Colbert quickly learned English from her grandmother Marie Loew before entering public school and she had hoped to become a painter since she could first grasp a pencil. In 1912 her family was naturalized in the U. S and her mother wanted to become an opera singer
Claudette Colbert
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Colbert in
The Secret Heart, 1946
Claudette Colbert
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Promotional photo for the Broadway production La Gringa, 1928
Claudette Colbert
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Colbert in
I Cover the Waterfront, 1933
Claudette Colbert
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Colbert in
Cleopatra, 1934
38.
Ingrid Bergman
–
Ingrid Bergman was a Swedish actress who starred in a variety of European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two Emmy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, and the Tony Award for Best Actress. She is best remembered for her roles as Ilsa Lund in Casablanca and as Alicia Huberman in Notorious, before becoming a star in American films, Bergman had been a leading actress in Swedish films. Her introduction to American audiences came with her role in the English-language remake of Intermezzo. Selznicks financial problems meant that Bergman was often loaned to other studios, apart from Casablanca, her performances from this period include Victor Flemings remake of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, For Whom the Bell Tolls, Gaslight, and The Bells of St. Marys. Her last films for Selznick were Alfred Hitchcocks Spellbound and Notorious and her final film for Hitchcock was Under Capricorn. After a decade in American films, she starred in Roberto Rossellinis Stromboli, many of her personal and film documents can be seen in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives. According to the St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, Bergman quickly became the ideal of American womanhood, in 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Bergman as the fourth-greatest female screen legend of classic American cinema. Bergman, named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden, was born on 29 August 1915 in Stockholm, to a Swedish father, Justus Bergman, when she was two years old, her mother died. Her father, who was an artist and photographer, died when she was 13, in the years before he died, he wanted her to become an opera star, and had her take voice lessons for three years. But she always knew from the beginning that she wanted to be an actress, sometimes wearing her mothers clothes and her father documented all her birthdays with a borrowed camera. After his death, she was sent to live with an aunt and she then moved in with her Aunt Hulda and Uncle Otto, who had five children. Another aunt she visited, Elsa Adler, first told Ingrid, when she was 11, that her mother may have had some Jewish blood, but her aunt also cautioned her about telling others about her possible ancestry as there might be some difficult times coming. Biographer Aleksandra Ziolkowska-Boehm, however, notes that the claim of Jewish blood was likely an embellishment, after being forced to do an in-depth genealogical investigation, Bergmans maternal cousin found there to be no Jewish ancestry on Bergmans mothers side. Later, she received a scholarship to the state-sponsored Royal Dramatic Theatre School, after several months she was given a part in a new play, Ett Brott, written by Sigfrid Siwertz. Chandler notes that this was totally against procedure at the school, during her first summer break, she was also hired by a Swedish film studio, which led to her leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre after just one year, to work in films full-time. Her first film role after leaving the Royal Dramatic Theatre was a part in 1935s Munkbrogreven. She went on to act in a films in Sweden, including En kvinnas ansikte, which was later remade as A Womans Face with Joan Crawford
Ingrid Bergman
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Ingrid Bergman
Ingrid Bergman
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Ingrid Bergman at 14
Ingrid Bergman
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Her first film, Munkbrogreven (1935) at age 19.
Ingrid Bergman
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With Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca
39.
Warner Bros.
–
Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Warner Bros.
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)
Warner Bros.
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Lobby card from
The Beautiful and Damned (1922)
40.
Jeanne Crain
–
Jeanne Elizabeth Crain was an American actress whose career spanned from 1943 to 1975. She received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress in the 1949 film Pinky and she was also noted for her ability in ice skating. Crain was born in Barstow, California, to George A. Crain, a school teacher, by 1930, the family was living in the City of Inglewood at 822 S Walnut Ave. After her parents divorced in 1934, the family of three moved to 5817 Van Ness Ave in Los Angeles, an excellent ice skater, Crain first attracted attention when she was crowned Miss Pan Pacific at the Pan-Pacific Auditorium in Los Angeles. Later, while still in school, she was asked to make a screen test opposite Orson Welles. She did not get the part, but in 1943, at age 18, Crains film debut came in Home in Indiana in 1944, that same year, she starred in In the Meantime, Darling. Her acting was panned, but she gained nationwide attention. It resulted in landing the role in The Shocking Miss Pilgrim in October 1944. Crain first received acclaim when she starred in Winged Victory. She co-starred in 1945 with Dana Andrews in the musical film State Fair, after that, Crain often had singing parts in films, and they were invariably dubbed, in most cases by Hogan. Also in 1945, Crain starred in Leave Her to Heaven with Gene Tierney. Her ice skating ability was on display in the 1946 film, Margie, in which she and Conrad Janis danced around the ice rink as her boyfriend, Alan Young, slipped and stumbled his way along the ice. She made two films in 1948, You Were Meant for Me, a musical with Dan Dailey, that might have been Marilyn Monroes first appearance on film, and Apartment for Peggy, with William Holden. The latter film, a romantic and endearing piece with veteran Edmund Gwenn, examined the real problems faced by millions of returning vets. After the tumult of war, and eager for better lives, many former GIs flooded college campuses, taking advantage of opportunities now available to them, under the new GI Bill. The film is a tour de force for Crain, as she cracks wise, in rapid-fire patter, and quotes statistics she makes up out of whole cloth, to substantiate whatever point shes trying to make. In 1949, Crain appeared in three films — A Letter to Three Wives, The Fan, and Pinky, the last earning her a nomination the Academy Award for Best Actress. Pinky was controversial, since it told the story of a light-skinned African American woman who passes for white in the Northern United States, although Lena Horne and other black actresses were considered, producer Darryl F. Zanuck chose to cast a white actress for fear of racial backlash
Jeanne Crain
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Jeanne Crain in 1948
41.
John Garfield
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John Garfield was an American actor who played brooding, rebellious, working-class characters. He grew up in poverty in Depression-era New York City, in the early 1930s, he became a member of the Group Theater. In 1937, he moved to Hollywood, eventually becoming one of Warner Bros. stars, called to testify before the U. S. Congressional House Committee on Un-American Activities, he denied communist affiliation and refused to name names, some have alleged that the stress of this incident led to his premature death at 39 from a heart attack. Garfield is acknowledged as a predecessor of such Method actors as Marlon Brando, Montgomery Clift, in early infancy, a middle name—Julius—was added, and for the rest of his life those who knew him well called him Julie. His father, a presser and part-time cantor, struggled to make a living. When Garfield was five, his brother Max was born and their mother never fully recovered from what was described as a difficult pregnancy. She died two years later, and the boys were sent to live with various relatives, all poor, scattered across the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens. Several of these lived in tenements in a section of East Brooklyn called Brownsville. At school, he was judged a poor reader and speller and he would later say of his time on the streets there, that he learned all the meanness, all the toughness its possible for kids to acquire. His father remarried and moved to the West Bronx, where Garfield joined a series of gangs, much later, he would recall, Every street had its own gang. Thats the way it was in poor sections and he soon became a gang leader. At this time, people started to notice his ability to mimic well-known performers and he also began to hang out and eventually spar at a boxing gym on Jerome Avenue. At some point, he contracted fever, causing permanent damage to his heart. After being expelled three times and expressing a wish to quit school altogether, his parents sent him to P. S,45, a school for difficult children. It was under the guidance of the schools principal—the noted educator Angelo Patri—that he was introduced to acting, noticing Garfields tendency to stammer, Patri assigned him to a speech therapy class taught by a charismatic teacher named Margaret ORyan. She gave him acting exercises and made him memorize and deliver speeches in front of the class and, as he progressed, ORyan thought he had natural talent and cast him in school plays. She encouraged him to sign up for a citywide debating competition sponsored by the New York Times, to his own surprise, he took second prize
John Garfield
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Garfield in 1942
John Garfield
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Jacob Julius Garfinkle
John Garfield
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Warner Bros. publicity photo, c. late 1930s
John Garfield
–
in
Gentleman's Agreement (1947)
42.
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who was the 40th President of the United States, from 1981 to 1989. Before his presidency, he was the 33rd Governor of California, from 1967 to 1975, after a career as a Hollywood actor and union leader. Raised in a family in small towns of northern Illinois, Reagan graduated from Eureka College in 1932. After moving to Hollywood in 1937, he became an actor, Reagan was twice elected President of the Screen Actors Guild, the labor union for actors, where he worked to root out Communist influence. In the 1950s, he moved into television and was a speaker at General Electric factories. Having been a lifelong Democrat, his views changed and he became a conservative and in 1962 switched to the Republican Party. In 1964, Reagans speech, A Time for Choosing, in support of Barry Goldwaters foundering presidential campaign, Building a network of supporters, he was elected Governor of California in 1966. Entering the presidency in 1981, Reagan implemented sweeping new political, in his first term he survived an assassination attempt, spurred the War on Drugs, and fought public sector labor. During his re-election bid, Reagan campaigned on the notion that it was Morning in America, foreign affairs dominated his second term, including ending of the Cold War, the bombing of Libya, and the Iran–Contra affair. Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an empire, and during his famous speech at the Brandenburg Gate. Jack, a salesman and storyteller, was the grandson of Irish Catholic immigrants from County Tipperary, Reagan had one older brother, John Neil Reagan, who became an advertising executive. As a boy, Reagans father nicknamed his son Dutch, due to his fat little Dutchman-like appearance and Dutchboy haircut, Reagans family briefly lived in several towns and cities in Illinois, including Monmouth, Galesburg, and Chicago. In 1919, they returned to Tampico and lived above the H. C, Pitney Variety Store until finally settling in Dixon. After his election as president, residing in the upstairs White House private quarters, for the time, Reagan was unusual in his opposition to racial discrimination, and recalled a time in Dixon when the local inn would not allow black people to stay there. Reagan brought them back to his house, where his mother invited them to stay the night and have breakfast the next morning, after the closure of the Pitney Store in late 1920 and the familys move to Dixon, the midwestern small universe had a lasting impression on Reagan. Reagan attended Dixon High School, where he developed interests in acting, sports and his first job was as a lifeguard at the Rock River in Lowell Park in 1927. Over a six-year period, Reagan reportedly performed 77 rescues as a lifeguard and he attended Eureka College, a Disciples-oriented liberal arts school, where he became a member of the Tau Kappa Epsilon fraternity, a cheerleader, and studied economics and sociology. While involved, the Miller Center of Public Affairs described him as an indifferent student and he majored in economics and sociology, and graduated with a C grade
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Reagan (with "Dutch" haircut), his elder brother Neil, and their parents Jack and Nelle Reagan. Photograph circa 1916–17.
Ronald Reagan
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Ronald Reagan as a teenager in
Dixon, Illinois.
Ronald Reagan
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With wife
Jane Wyman in 1942
43.
Nancy Reagan
–
Nancy Davis Reagan was an American actress, and the wife of the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan. She served as the First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989 and she was born in New York City. After her parents separated, she lived in Maryland with an aunt and she moved to Chicago when her mother remarried in 1929, and later took the name Davis from her stepfather. As Nancy Davis, she was a Hollywood actress in the 1940s and 1950s, Night into Morning, and Donovans Brain. In 1952, she married Ronald Reagan, who was president of the Screen Actors Guild. Reagan was the First Lady of California when her husband was Governor from 1967 to 1975, Reagan became First Lady of the United States in January 1981, following her husbands victory in the 1980 presidential election. She was criticized early in his first term, largely due to her decision to replace the White House china and she aimed to restore a Kennedy-esque glamour to the White House following years of lax formality, and her interest in high-end fashion garnered much attention as well as criticism. She championed recreational drug prevention causes by founding the Just Say No drug awareness campaign and she had a strong influence on her husband, and played a role in a few of his personnel and diplomatic decisions. The Reagans retired to their home in Bel Air, Los Angeles, Reagan devoted most of her time to caring for her husband, who was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease in 1994, until his death at the age of 93 on June 5,2004. Reagan remained active within the Reagan Library and in politics, particularly in support of stem cell research. Anne Frances Robbins was born on July 6,1921, at Sloane Hospital for Women and she was the only child of Kenneth Seymour Robbins, a farmer turned car salesman who had been born into a once-prosperous family, and his actress wife, radio actress Edith Prescott Luckett. Her godmother was silent-film-star Alla Nazimova, from birth, she was commonly called Nancy. She lived her first two years in Flushing, Queens, in New York City, in a house on Roosevelt Avenue between 149th and 150th Streets. Her parents separated soon after her birth and were divorced in 1928, after their separation, her mother traveled the country to pursue acting jobs and Reagan was raised in Bethesda, Maryland, for six years by her aunt, Virginia Luckett, and uncle, Audley Gailbraith. Nancy later described longing for her mother during those years, My favorite times were when Mother had a job in New York, in 1929, her mother married Loyal Edward Davis, a prominent conservative neurosurgeon who moved the family to Chicago. Nancy and her stepfather got along well, she later wrote that he was a man of great integrity who exemplified old-fashioned values. He formally adopted her in 1935, and she would refer to him as her father. At the time of the adoption, her name was changed to Nancy Davis
Nancy Reagan
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First Lady Nancy Reagan in 1983
Nancy Reagan
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Signature
Nancy Reagan
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Nancy Davis poses for a publicity photo, 1950
Nancy Reagan
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Nancy and Ronald Reagan on a boat in 1964
44.
Zsa Zsa Gabor
–
Zsa Zsa Gabor was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite. Her sisters were actresses Eva and Magda Gabor, Gabor began her stage career in Vienna and was crowned Miss Hungary in 1936. She emigrated from Hungary to the United States in 1941, becoming a sought-after actress with European flair and style, she was considered to have a personality that exuded charm and grace. Her first film role was a role in Lovely to Look At. She later acted in Were Not Married, and played one of her few leading roles in the John Huston-directed film, Moulin Rouge. Huston would later describe her as a creditable actress, outside her acting career, Gabor was known for her extravagant Hollywood lifestyle, her glamorous personality, and her many marriages. In total, Gabor had nine husbands, including hotel magnate Conrad Hilton and she once stated, Men have always liked me and I have always liked men. But I like a man, a man who knows how to talk to. Zsa Zsa Gabor was born Sári Gábor on February 6,1917 in Budapest, Hungary, the middle of three daughters, her parents were Vilmos, a soldier, and Jolie Gabor. Her parents were both of Jewish ancestry, while her mother escaped Hungary during the same time period of the Nazi occupation of Budapest, Gabor left the country in 1941, three years prior to the takeover. Gabors elder sister, Magda, eventually became an American socialite and her sister, Eva, became an American actress. The Gabor sisters were first cousins of Annette Lantos, wife of California Congressman Tom Lantos, according to Gabor, she was discovered by operatic tenor Richard Tauber on a trip to Vienna in 1934, following her time as a student at a Swiss boarding school. Tauber invited Gabor to sing the role in his new operetta, Der singende Traum. This would mark her first stage appearance, in 1936, she was crowned Miss Hungary. In 1944, she co-wrote a novel with writer Victoria Wolf titled, according to Gabor, the fictional story was derived, in a small part, from Gabors life experiences. The book was bought by an American magazine. In 1949, Gabor declined an offer to play the role in a film version of the classic book Lady Chatterleys Lover. According to an article written the Cedar Rapids Gazette in 1949 and her more serious film acting credits include Moulin Rouge, Lovely to Look At and Were Not Married
Zsa Zsa Gabor
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Gabor in 1959
Zsa Zsa Gabor
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Dancing with director
Nicholas Ray (1953)
Zsa Zsa Gabor
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Gabor arriving at a movie premiere in 1962
Zsa Zsa Gabor
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Zsa Zsa helping out at the Denver Muscular Dystrophy TV Marathon, c. 1955
45.
Angela Lansbury
–
Dame Angela Brigid Lansbury, DBE is a British-American-Irish actress who has appeared in theatre, television and film, as well as a producer, singer and songwriter. Her career has spanned seven decades, much of it in the United States, Lansbury was born to a middle-class family in central London, the daughter of actress Moyna Macgill and politician Edgar Lansbury. To escape the Blitz, in 1940 she moved to the United States with her mother and two younger brothers, and studied acting in New York City. Proceeding to Hollywood in 1942, she signed to MGM and obtained her first film roles, in Gaslight and The Picture of Dorian Gray, earning her two Oscar nominations and a Golden Globe Award. She appeared in eleven further MGM films, mostly in minor roles, although largely seen as a B-list star during this period, her appearance in the film The Manchurian Candidate received widespread acclaim and is cited as being one of her finest performances. Moving into musical theatre, Lansbury finally gained stardom for playing the role in the Broadway musical Mame. Amid difficulties in her life, Lansbury moved from California to County Cork, Ireland, in 1970. These included leading roles in the stage musicals Gypsy, Sweeney Todd, through Corymore Productions, a company that she co-owned with her husband Peter Shaw, Lansbury assumed ownership of the series and was its executive producer for the final four seasons. She also moved into voice work, thereby contributing to animated films such as Disneys Beauty, since then, she has toured in a variety of international theatrical productions and continued to make occasional film appearances. In 2014, Lansbury was made a Dame by Queen Elizabeth II in a ceremony at Windsor Castle for services to drama, charitable work, Lansbury has received an Honorary Oscar and has won five Tony Awards, six Golden Globes, an Olivier Award, and one Grammy Award. She has also nominated for numerous other industry awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress on three occasions, and various Primetime Emmy Awards on eighteen occasions. She has been the subject of three biographies, Lansbury was born to an upper middle class family on October 16,1925. Although her birthplace has often given as Poplar, East London, she has rejected this, asserting that while she had ancestral connections to Poplar, she was born in Regents Park. Her mother was Belfast-born actress Moyna Macgill, who appeared on stage in the West End. Her father was the wealthy English timber merchant and politician Edgar Lansbury and her paternal grandfather was the Labour Party leader and anti-war activist George Lansbury, a man whom she felt awed by and considered a giant in my youth. Angela had a half sister, Isolde, who was the offspring of Moynas previous marriage to writer. When Lansbury was nine, her father died from stomach cancer, in 2014, Lansbury described this event as the defining moment of my life. Nothing before or since has affected me so deeply and she nevertheless considered herself largely self-educated, learning from books, theatre and cinema
Angela Lansbury
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Lansbury in 1950
Angela Lansbury
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Lansbury in the trailer for The Picture of Dorian Gray
Angela Lansbury
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Lansbury in a scene from MGM's
Till the Clouds Roll By (1946), one of her earliest film appearances
Angela Lansbury
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Lansbury with her children in 1957
46.
A Letter to Three Wives
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A Letter to Three Wives is a 1949 American romantic drama film which tells the story of a woman who mails a letter to three women, telling them she has left town with the husband of one of them. It stars Jeanne Crain, Linda Darnell, Ann Sothern, Kirk Douglas, Paul Douglas in his debut, Jeffrey Lynn. An uncredited Celeste Holm provides the voice of Addie Ross, the woman who wrote the titular letter. The movie was adapted by Vera Caspary and Joseph L. Mankiewicz from Letter to Five Wives, a 1946 novel by John Klempner and it was directed by Mankiewicz, who directed All About Eve the following year. The film won the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Writing and she, however, leaves them in suspense as to which one. All three marriages are shown in flashback to be strained, Deborah grew up on a farm. Her first experience with the world came when she joined the Navy WAVES during World War II. When they return to life, Deborah is ill at ease in Brads upper-class social circle. Adding to her insecurity, she learns that everyone expected Brad to marry Addie, however, she is comforted by Brads friend Rita, a career woman who writes stories for sappy radio soap operas. Her husband George, a schoolteacher, feels somewhat emasculated since she earns much more money and he is also disappointed that his wife constantly gives in to the demands of her boss, Mrs. Manleigh. Ritas flashback is to a party she gave for Mrs. Manleigh. She forgot that her husbands birthday was that night, and only remembered when a birthday present, Lora Mae grew up poor, not just on the wrong side of the tracks, but literally next to the railroad tracks. She sets her sights on her older, divorced employer, Porter and her mother, Ruby Finney, is unsure what to think of her daughters ambition, but Rubys friend Sadie approves. Matters come to a head when she sees a picture of Addie Ross on the piano in his home and she tells him she wants her picture on a piano, her own piano in her own home. He tells her he isnt interested in marriage, and she breaks off their romance, however, he loves her too much, and finally gives in and proposes, skipping a New Years party at Addies house to do so. When the women return from the picnic, Rita is overjoyed to find her husband at home and they work out their issues, she promises to not let herself be pushed around by Mrs. Manleigh. Deborahs houseman gives her a message stating that Brad will not be coming home that night, a heartbroken Deborah goes alone to the dance with the other two couples. When Porter complains about his dancing with another man, Deborah tells him he has no idea how much Lora Mae really loves him
A Letter to Three Wives
–
Theatrical release poster
47.
New York City
–
The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
New York City
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Clockwise, from top:
Midtown Manhattan,
Times Square, the
Unisphere in
Queens, the
Brooklyn Bridge,
Lower Manhattan with
One World Trade Center,
Central Park, the
headquarters of the United Nations, and the
Statue of Liberty
New York City
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New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual
Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year
England took control and renamed it "New York".
New York City
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The
Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the
American Revolution, took place in
Brooklyn in 1776.
New York City
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Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.
48.
Sunset Boulevard (film)
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Sunset Boulevard is a 1950 American film noir directed and co-written by Billy Wilder, and produced and co-written by Charles Brackett. It was named after the boulevard runs through Los Angeles and Beverly Hills. Nancy Olson, Fred Clark, Lloyd Gough and Jack Webb play supporting roles, DeMille and gossip columnist Hedda Hopper play themselves, and the film includes cameo appearances by leading silent film actors Buster Keaton, H. B. Praised by many critics when first released, Sunset Boulevard was nominated for eleven Academy Awards, deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the U. S. Library of Congress in 1989, Sunset Boulevard was included in the first group of films selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. In 1998, it was ranked number twelve on the American Film Institutes list of the 100 best American films of the 20th century, at a Sunset Boulevard mansion, the body of Joe Gillis floats in the swimming pool. In a flashback, Joe relates the events leading to his death, six months earlier, down-on-his-luck screenwriter Joe tries selling Paramount Pictures producer Sheldrake on a story he submitted. Script reader Betty Schaefer harshly critiques it in Joes presence, unaware that he is the author, later, while fleeing from men trying to repossess his car, Joe turns into the driveway of a seemingly deserted mansion. After concealing the car, he hears a woman calling him, ushered in by Max, her butler, Joe recognizes the woman as almost-forgotten silent film star Norma Desmond. Learning he is a writer, she asks his opinion of a script she has written for a film about Salome and she plans to play the title role herself in a comeback attempt. Joe finds her script abysmal, but flatters her into hiring him as a script doctor, moved into Normas mansion at her insistence, Joe resents but gradually accepts his dependent situation. He sees that Norma refuses to face the fact that her fame has evaporated, Max tells him Norma is subject to depression and has made suicide attempts. Norma lavishes attention on Joe and buys him expensive clothes, at her New Years Eve party, he discovers he is the only guest and realizes she has fallen in love with him. He tries to let her down gently, but she slaps him, Joe leaves the mansion and visits his friend Artie Green, who is having his own New Years Eve party. Joe asks Artie about staying at his place and again meets Betty, Betty believes a scene in one of Joes scripts has potential, but Joe is uninterested in pursuing it. When Joe phones Max to have him pack his things, Max informs him that Norma has cut her wrists with his razor, Norma has Max deliver the edited Salome script to her former director, Cecil B. Afterwards, she begins to receive calls from Paramount executive Gordon Cole, eventually, she has Max drive her and Joe to Paramount in her 1929 Isotta Fraschini, where she is greeted warmly by the older studio employees. DeMille receives her affectionately and treats her with respect
Sunset Boulevard (film)
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Theatrical release poster
Sunset Boulevard (film)
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Wilder considered many actors for the lead roles, but chose Swanson and Holden.
