Alpine Fortress
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The Alpine Fortress or Alpine Redoubt was the World War II German national redoubt planned by Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler in November and December 1943. Plans envisaged Germany's government and a
The final operations of the Western Allied armies in Germany between 19 April and 7 May 1945
Valtellina Redoubt
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The Valtellina Redoubt or, officially, in Italian: Ridotto Alpino Repubblicano or RAR, was the intended final stronghold or redoubt of the Italian fascist regime of Benito Mussolini at the end of Worl
Alpine Fortress
…as one of the worst intelligence reports of all time, but no one knew that in March of 1945, and few even suspected it". (author Stephen E. Ambrose) Valtellina Redoubt National Redoubt…
Western entrance of the Valtellina, overlooked by WWI Fort Montecchio
The upper Valtellina at Sondalo, bending northwards
Alessandro Pavolini, the fascist official who first proposed the RAR
Dante, whose bones Pavolini proposed to transfer to the Valtellina.