Amateur radio
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Amateur radio, also known as Ham radio, is the use of specific bands and frequencies within the radio spectrum for non-commercial communication, technical experimentation, self-training, recreation, r
Amateur radio station with transceivers, amplifiers, and a computer for digital modes. On the wall are awards, certificates, and QSL cards from foreign stations
Polish amateur radio station SP1QE with a 1930s vacuum tube transmitter and receiver
An amateur radio station in Wales. Multiple transceivers are employed for different bands and modes. Computers are used for control, data modes, SDR, RTTY and logging.
Amateur operator with antennas in Åland
Skywave
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In radio communication, skywave or skip refers to the propagation of radio waves reflected or refracted back toward Earth from the ionosphere, an electrically charged layer of the upper atmosphere. Si
Amateur radio
…in Region 1 (Europe, the Middle East, the CIS and Africa). Radio amateurs have been credited with a number of advancements, notably the discovery of skywave propagation. The origins of amateur radio can be traced to the late 19th century, but amateur radio as practised today began in the early 20th century…
Radio waves (black) reflecting off the ionosphere (red) during skywave propagation. Line altitude in this image is significantly exaggerated and not to scale.
Example of F2 and Sporadic-E Propagation on the 10-meter band taken from PSK Reporter (Mins = Minutes).