Amherst is a town in Hampshire County, United States, in the Connecticut River valley. As of the 2010 census, the population was 37,819, making it the highest populated municipality in Hampshire County; the town is home to Amherst College, Hampshire College, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, three of the Five Colleges. The name of the town is pronounced without the h by natives and long-time residents, giving rise to the local saying, "only the'h' is silent", in reference both to the pronunciation and to the town's politically active populace. Amherst has three census-designated places. Amherst is part of Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. Lying 22 miles north of the city of Springfield, Amherst is considered the northernmost town in the Hartford-Springfield Metropolitan Region, "The Knowledge Corridor"; the earliest known document of the lands now comprising Amherst is the deed of purchase dated December 1658 between John Pynchon of Springfield and three native inhabitants, referred to as Umpanchla and Chickwalopp.

According to the deed, "ye Indians of Nolwotogg upon ye River of Quinecticott" sold the entire area in exchange for "two Hundred fatham of Wampam & Twenty fatham, one large Coate at Eight fatham wch Chickwollop set of, of trusts, besides severall small giftes". Amherst was first visited by Europeans no than 1665, when Nathaniel Dickinson surveyed the lands for its mother town Hadley; the first permanent English settlements arrived in 1727. It remained a part of Hadley when it gained precinct status in 1734, before becoming a township in 1759; when it incorporated, the colonial governor assigned the town the name "Amherst" after Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst. Many a colonial governor at the time scattered his name during the influx of new town applications, why several towns in the Northeast bear the name. Amherst was Commander-in-Chief of the forces of North America during the French and Indian War who, according to popular legend, singlehandedly won Canada for the British and banished France from North America.

Popular belief has it that he supported the American side in the Revolutionary War and resigned his commission rather than fight for the British. Baron Amherst remained in the service of the Crown during the war — albeit in Great Britain rather than North America — where he organized the defense against the proposed Franco-Spanish Armada of 1779. Nonetheless, his previous service in the French and Indian War meant he remained popular in New England. Amherst is infamous for recommending, in a letter to a subordinate, the use of smallpox-covered blankets in warfare against the Native Americans along with any "other method that can serve to Extirpate this Execrable Race". For this reason, there have been occasional ad hoc movements. Suggested new names have included "Emily", after Emily Dickinson. Amherst celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2009; the Amherst 250th Anniversary Celebration Committee and Amherst Historical Society organized events, including a book published by the Historical Society and written by Elizabeth M. Sharpe, Amherst A to Z.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Amherst has a total area of 27.7 square miles, of which 27.6 square miles are land and 0.12 square miles, or 0.48%, are water. The town is bordered by Hadley to the west and Leverett to the north, Shutesbury and Belchertown to the east, Granby and South Hadley to the south; the highest point in the town is on the northern shoulder of Mount Norwottuck at the southern border of the town. The town is nearly equidistant from both the southern state lines. Amherst's ZIP Code of 01002 is the second-lowest number in the continental United States after Agawam. Amherst has a humid continental climate that under the Köppen system marginally falls into the warm-summer category, it is interchangeable with the hot-summer subtype dfa with July means hovering around 71.4 °F. Winters are cold and snowy, albeit daytime temperatures remain above freezing. Under the 2012 USDA Plant Hardiness Zone system, Amherst is in zone 5b; as of the 2010 U. S. Census, there were 37,819 people, 9,259 households, 4,484 families residing in the town.

There were 9,711 housing units. The racial makeup of the town was 76.9% White, 5.4% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 10.9% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 2.4% some other race, 4.1% from two or more races. 7.3 % of the population were Latino of any race. Of the 9,259 households in the town, 23.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.6% were headed by married couples living together, 16.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 51.6% were non-families. Of all households, 27.3% were made up of individuals, 9.7% were someone living alone, 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 2.88. In the town, 10.0% of the population were under the age of 18, 55.7% were from 18 to 24, 13.3% were from 25 to 44, 13.6% were from 45 to 64, 7.4% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 21.6 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there

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Palo Alto station is an intermodal transit center located in Palo Alto, California. It is served by Caltrain regional rail service, SamTrans and Santa Clara VTA local bus service, Dumbarton Express regional bus service, the Stanford University Marguerite Shuttle, several local shuttle services. Palo Alto is the second-busiest Caltrain station after San Francisco, averaging 7,764 weekday boardings by a 2018 count; the Caltrain station has two side platforms serving the two tracks of the Peninsula Subdivision, while the bus transfer plaza is located nearby. The San Francisco and San Jose Railroad was built through then-empty land north of Mayfield in 1863; the first Palo Alto station was opened in 1890 to serve the then-new Stanford University. It was replaced by a larger depot in 1896; the Southern Pacific Railroad opened a new station in 1941 as part of a grade separation project. Designed by John H. Christie, it was constructed in the Streamline Moderne style to match the railroad's Daylight series of streamlined passenger trains.

Intercity service to Palo Alto ended in 1971. The station building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Palo Alto Southern Pacific Railroad Depot in 1996; the San Francisco and San Jose Railroad opened from San Francisco to Mayfield in 1863, to San Jose the next year. Several decades Leland Stanford founded the new town of Palo Alto to the north of Mayfield. Palo Alto station was opened in 1890 to serve the new Stanford University; the original structure had open sides supported by posts. A temporary building for ticket sales and baggage was constructed between it and a retrofitted former boxcar. A new station, costing $5,500, was completed in 1896. Larger than the previous depot, it had five wooden arches styled after the Richardsonian Romanesque masonry arches of the university campus, it was never locally popular, calls came for its replacement as early as the 1920s. In 1939, the Southern Pacific Railroad began a grade separation project in Palo Alto; the tracks were moved 80 feet west and raised 5 feet, with University Avenue lowered under the tracks and Alma Street just south of the station.

A temporary station on the east side of the tracks was built in 1939, the cornerstone for a new station building was laid on October 20, 1940. The new station was opened with a parade on March 8, 1941; the whole project cost $700,000, most of, paid for by the federal government. The new station building was constructed in the Streamline Moderne style, in contrast to the earlier Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival buildings in Palo Alto designed by Birge Clark. Designed by SP architect John H. Christie, it was styled after the railroad's Daylight series of streamlined passenger trains; the station is 215 feet long by 25 feet wide. The larger building housed the ticket office and waiting room, with the smaller baggage room to the north; the waiting room contains a 1944 mural by John McQuarrie showing facts and events in the history of California. The station's design is typical of the Streamline Moderne movement. A shelter was built on the eastern platform. Three pedestrian underpasses were built: one north of the station building, a pair flanking University Avenue.

Although the relocated right-of-way was built to fit four tracks, only three tracks were built. The platforms were 1,400 feet long to accommodate longer intercity trains. Intercity service to Palo Alto lasted until May 1, 1971, when Amtrak took over service from the private railroads; the San Francisco–Monterey Del Monte was discontinued, while the San Francisco–Los Angeles Coast Daylight was rerouted via Oakland. SP Peninsula Commute local service continued to stop. In 1982, the station building was refurbished and landscaping was added; the station was added to the National Register of Historic Places as an example of the Streamline Moderne style on April 18, 1996. In April 1999, the former baggage building was converted into a free staffed bike station with 80 spaces, it was closed on October 27, 2004 for asbestos removal as part of a $1.2 million renovation of the station buildings. The bicycle station reopened on February 2007 as a paid and unstaffed facility with 96 spaces; the bus plaza adjacent to the station building was renovated in 2005.

From 2008 to 2009, Caltrain constructed the $35 million Palo Alto Stations Improvement Project at Palo Alto and California Avenue stations. At Palo Alto, the northern underpass was modified to make it accessible, allowing the nearby pedestrian level crossing to be closed; the platforms were lengthened. New lighting and message signs were installed. Palo Alto is the second-busiest Caltrain station after San Francisco, averaging 7,764 weekday boardings by a 2018 count. A 2007 city report called for additional expansion and renovation of the station area in conjunction with the California High Speed Rail project; the rail line would be widened to four tracks with two island platforms - an additional northbound tra