1.
Taylor Hackford
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Taylor Edwin Hackford is an American film director and former president of the Directors Guild of America. He won the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film for Teenage Father, Hackford was born in Santa Barbara, California, the son of Mary, a waitress, and Joseph Hackford. He graduated from the University of Southern California in 1968, where he was a major focusing on international relations. After graduating, he served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Bolivia and he decided that he did not want to pursue a career in law, and instead got a mailroom position at KCET-TV. At KCET he was the producer on the Leon Russell special Homewood in 1970. In 1973 at KCET he produced the one-hour special Bukowski, directed by Richard Davies, the Idolmaker starred Ray Sharkey, who was awarded a Golden Globe for Best Actor for his portrayal of Vinnie in the film. The Music Supervisor was Richard Flanzer, Hackford said of The Idolmaker, I make films about working-class people, showbusiness is one of those things through which people can get themselves out of the lower rung of society. To me, the story in The Idolmaker is the guy with a wonderful talent. Richard Gere originally balked at shooting the ending, which involves his character arriving at his lovers factory wearing his Navy dress whites and carrying her off from the factory floor. But when Gere saw the later with the music underneath it at the right tempo, he said it sent chills up the back of his neck. Hackford said of his film Ray, My proudest moments in Ray were in those chitlin clubs, Ray Charles ended his life in concert halls, where people would go in tuxedos and quietly listen to a genius perform. But in these clubs, he had to get people up dancing, what I tried to create was a little of that energy and exuberance. The great thing about music is when you can get people on their feet, in a 2005 interview, Hackford confirmed that he never watched his own films, When I finish a film, I put it away and I never look at it again. Occasionally I do now because of the DVDs and the commentary tracks, I usually put it aside and go onto the next. I never went to film school, I worked for the KCET public television station in L. A. I have done a lot of music, I feel very comfortable shooting music, and I think you can see that. Hackford has also directed videos, including Against All Odds by Phil Collins and Say You. On July 25,2009, Hackford was elected President of the Directors Guild of America and he was re-elected to a second, two-year term as President on June 25,2011, at the DGAs National Biennial Convention in Los Angeles
2.
Richard Gere
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Richard Tiffany Gere is an American actor and humanitarian activist. He began acting in the 1970s, playing a role in Looking for Mr. Goodbar. He came to prominence in 1980 for his role in the film American Gigolo, which established him as a leading man, Gere was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His mother, Doris Ann, was a housewife and his father, Homer George Gere, was an insurance agent for the Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, and had originally intended to become a minister. Gere is their eldest son and second child and his paternal great-grandfather had changed the spelling of the surname from Geer. Both of his parents were Mayflower descendants, Geres ancestors include Pilgrims Francis Eaton, John Billington, George Soule, Richard Warren, Degory Priest, Francis Cooke and William Brewster. In 1967, Gere graduated from North Syracuse Central High School and he attended the University of Massachusetts Amherst on a gymnastics scholarship, majoring in philosophy, but did not graduate, leaving after two years. Gere first worked professionally at the Seattle Repertory Theatre and Provincetown Playhouse on Cape Cod in 1971 and his first major acting role was in the original London stage version of Grease in 1973. He began appearing in Hollywood films in the mid-1970s, originally cast in a starring role in The Lords of Flatbush, he was replaced after fighting with another star of the film, Sylvester Stallone. He played a small but memorable part in Looking for Mr. Goodbar and starred in the director Terrence Malicks well-reviewed 1978 film, Days of Heaven. Gere was one of the first notable Hollywood actors to play a gay character, Gere won a Theatre World Award for his performance. Gere experienced several box office failures after 1982, but his career rebounded with the releases of Internal Affairs and he starred in several successful films throughout the 1990s, including Sommersby, Primal Fear and Runaway Bride. He also took a role in the 1997 action movie The Jackal. Geres 2004 ballroom dancing drama Shall We Dance. was also a performer that grossed $170 million worldwide. His next film, the 2005 adapted novel Bee Season, was a commercial failure, in 2008, Gere co-starred with Diane Lane in the romantic drama Nights in Rodanthe. The film was panned by critics, but grossed over $84 million worldwide. Later in his career, Gere was honored twice for his lifetime achievement, regarding his 2012 performance in Arbitrage, Lou Lumenick of the New York Post said Richard Gere gives the best performance of his career. He received an award from the 34th Cairo International Film Festival in December 2010, Gere had a relationship with actress Penelope Milford from 1971 to 1978
3.
Debra Winger
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Debra Lynn Winger is an American actress. She has been nominated three times for the Academy Award for Best Actress, for An Officer and a Gentleman, Terms of Endearment, and Shadowlands. She won the National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress for Terms of Endearment, and her other film roles include Urban Cowboy, Legal Eagles, Black Widow, Betrayed, Forget Paris, and Rachel Getting Married. In 2012, she made her Broadway debut in the production of the David Mamet play The Anarchist. Debra Lynn Winger was born in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, into an Orthodox Jewish family, to Robert Winger, a packer, and Ruth. With time on her hands to think about her life, she decided that, if she recovered, she would move to California, wingers first acting role was as Debbie in the 1976 sexploitation film Slumber Party 57. Her next role was as Diana Princes younger sister Drusilla in three episodes of ABCs TV series, Wonder Woman, the producers had wanted her to appear more often, but she refused, fearing that the role would hurt her fledgling career. This was followed by a guest role in Season 4 of the TV drama Police Woman in 1978. In 1982 she co-starred with Nick Nolte in Cannery Row and with Richard Gere in An Officer and a Gentleman, for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress twice more, for Terms of Endearment in 1983 and for Shadowlands in 1993 and her performance in A Dangerous Woman earned a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. Over the years Winger acquired a reputation for being outspoken and sometimes difficult to work with. She has expressed her dislike of An Officer and a Gentleman, for which she refused to do any publicity, and several other of her films, commenting on her past attitudes, Winger said in 2009, Most bad behavior comes from insecurity. Even though I loved what I was doing, I didnt always know I could pull it off, but in my defense, I never fought about the size of my trailer or things like that, it was always about the work. When Barbara Walters interviewed Bette Davis in 1986, Davis said I see a great deal of myself in Debra Winger. Winger was going to play Peggy Sue in Peggy Sue Got Married but was forced to back out just before production began when she injured her back in a bicycle accident, the injury affected her ability to work for several months afterward. She was cast in the role in A League of their Own. It was later reported that the main reason Winger chose to leave the film was her refusal to work with singer/actress Madonna. Other starring roles during this period included Legal Eagles, Made in Heaven, Everybody Wins, The Sheltering Sky, Leap of Faith, Black Widow, Betrayed, Wilder Napalm, in 1995 Winger decided to take a hiatus from acting
4.
David Keith
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David Lemuel Keith is an American actor and director. He received Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor and New Star of the Year – Actor for his performance in An Officer and a Gentleman. His performance led him to a lead role status in the 1980s appearing the film adaptations of The Lords of Discipline, Firestarter and his cousin is Mike Keith, play by play announcer for the Tennessee Titans NFL football team. Keith had a supporting role in the prison film Brubaker. He had supporting roles in The Rose, starring Bette Midler, and An Officer, Keith played a local thug in The Great Santini, starred in The Lords of Discipline and White of the Eye, and held a prominent supporting role in U-571 opposite Matthew McConaughey. He played opposite child-star Drew Barrymore in the 1984 hit Firestarter and he is also well known for his role as Jack Parkman in Major League II starring Charlie Sheen and Tom Berenger. Keith played Elvis Presley in the 1988 film Heartbreak Hotel and he directed The Curse and The Further Adventures of Tennessee Buck. He appeared in Ernest Goes to School as Squint Westwood and in The Indian in the Cupboard as the cowboy Boo-Hoo Boone and he played the leading role of Nate Springfield in the 2003 film Hangmans Curse. He also co-starred in The Class, an American sitcom, as Yonk Allen, other roles include parts in Daredevil and the 2002 television film Carrie. He appeared in the 2004 film Raise Your Voice starring Hilary Duff, and he has appeared on many television series, including NCIS, Law & Order, Special Victims Unit, Law & Order, Criminal Intent, CSI, Miami, High Incident and Hawaii Five-0. In 2010, Keith co-starred as John Allen, father of Robert Allen in the television drama Lone Star. Keith graduated from the University of Tennessee with a Bachelor of Arts in Speech, Keith married Nancy Clark, a realtor, in 2000 and the couple resides in Knoxville, Tennessee. They have two children, Presley and Coulter and he is an avid University of Tennessee Volunteers fan and is present on the sidelines for Volunteer football games when his schedule allows. Keith was a National Advisory Board member and spokesperson for PROTECT, Keith was present during the sentencing phase for John Couey, who was convicted of kidnapping, raping, and murdering Jessica Lunsford. Keith said that he was planning on going to Washington, D. C. with Mark Lunsford after the sentencing, but what he really wants is to protect children and if we can get child molesters in jail, thats the way you protect children. Happy Days - Fred Collins Co-ed Fever - Tuck Friendly Fire - Leroy Hamilton The Great Santini - Red Petus The Rose - Pfc. Col. Oliver North The Two Jakes - Det. Lt. Loach Off and Running - Jack Cornett Flesh n Blood - Arlo Weed Running Wild - Jack Hutton Caged Fear - Tommy Lane Liars Edge - Gary Kirkpatrick Distant Cousins - Harry Young Whose Child Is This. Peter Stanford A Family Thing - Sonny Judge and Jury - Joseph Meeker Overblood - Raz Invasion of Privacy - Sgt, rutherford High Incident - Jim Marsh Red-Blooded American Girl II - Mr. Andy Raines Epoch, Evolution - Mason Rand NCIS - Capt
5.
Louis Gossett Jr.
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Louis Cameron Gossett Jr. is an American actor. Gossett has also starred in film productions including A Raisin In The Sun. Gossett was born in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn, New York, on May 27,1936, to Hellen Rebecca, a nurse and he is an alumnus of Mark Twain Intermediate School 239 and Abraham Lincoln High School. His stage debut came at the age of 17, in a production of You Cant Take It with You when a sports injury resulted in the decision to take an acting class. Polio had already delayed his graduation, after graduating from Abraham Lincoln High School in 1954, he attended New York University, declining an athletic scholarship. Standing 64, he was offered the opportunity to play varsity basketball during his years at NYU. Gossett replaced Bill Gunn as Spencer Scott in Broadways Take a Giant Step and he was 17, and still a student at Abraham Lincoln High School, with no formal drama training. Gossetts Broadway theatre credits include A Raisin in the Sun, Gossett stepped into the world of cinema in the Sidney Poitier vehicle A Raisin in the Sun in 1961. Also in 1961, Gossett appeared in the original cast of Jean Genets The Blacks, the original cast also featured James Earl Jones, Roscoe Lee Browne, Cicely Tyson, Godfrey Cambridge, Maya Angelou and Charles Gordone. In 1965, Gossett appeared in the play, Zulu. Gossett wrote the antiwar folk song Handsome Johnny with Richie Havens which Havens recorded in 1966 and his Emmy Award-winning role of Fiddler in the 1977 television miniseries Roots first brought Gossett to the audiences attention. In 1983, he was cast in the role in Sadat. While filming An Officer and a Gentleman, Gossett was also starring in the 1982–1983 science fiction series and his role as drill instructor Gunnery Sergeant Emil Foley in the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman won him an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. He was the first African-American male to win an Oscar in a role, the second black male to win for acting. In 1986, Gossett starred in another role as a man in the film Iron Eagle. It was followed by three sequels, Gossett is the voice of the Vortigaunts in the video game Half-Life 2 and is the Free Jaffa Leader Gerak in Season 9 of the sci-fi television series Stargate SG-1. He provides the voice of Lucius Fox in The Batman animated series and he recorded several commercials for a Nashville-based diabetic company, AmMed Direct, LLC. In 1997, Gossett presented When Animals Attack,4, a one-hour special on Fox
6.
Jack Nitzsche
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Bernard Alfred Jack Nitzsche was an American musician, arranger, producer, songwriter, and film score composer. He first came to prominence in the late 1950s as the right-hand-man of producer Phil Spector and he found work copying musical scores, where he met Sonny Bono, with whom he wrote the song Needles and Pins for Jackie DeShannon, later covered by the Searchers and many others. His own instrumental composition The Lonely Surfer entered Cash Box August 3,1963, became a minor hit and he eventually became arranger and conductor for producer Phil Spector and orchestrated the ambitious Wall of Sound for the song River Deep, Mountain High by Ike and Tina Turner. Besides Spector, he worked closely with West Coast session musicians such as Leon Russell, Roy Caton, Glen Campbell, Carol Kaye and they created backing music for numerous sixties pop recordings by various artists such as The Beach Boys and The Monkees. Nitzsche also arranged the song of Doris Days Move Over. While organizing the music for The T. A. M. I, show television special in 1964, he met The Rolling Stones, and went on to contribute the keyboard textures to their albums The Rolling Stones, Now. Out of Our Heads, Aftermath and Between the Buttons, as well as the hit singles Paint It, Black and Lets Spend the Night Together, in 1968, Nitzsche introduced the band to slide guitarist Ry Cooder, a seminal influence on the bands 1969-1973 style. In 1968, he produced Youngs eponymously titled solo debut with David Briggs, even as the singers style veered from the baroque to rootsy hard rock, Young continued to work with Nitzsche on some of his most commercially successful solo recordings, most notably Harvest. Nitzsche played electric piano with Crazy Horse throughout 1970, Nitzsche also played keyboards on the first Crazy Horse album, Crazy Horse, which he produced, as well as featuring as composer and lead singer of the honky-tonk number Crow Jane Lady. While prolific and hard working throughout the 1970s, he began to suffer from depression, after he castigated Young in a drunken 1974 interview, the two men became estranged for several years and would collaborate only sporadically thereafter. Later that year, he was dropped from Reprise Records roster after recording a song criticizing executive Mo Ostin. This desultory period culminated in his arrest for breaking into the home of and then raping ex-girlfriend Carrie Snodgress, formerly Youngs companion. Snodgress was treated at the hospital for a fracture, cuts. The charge of rape by instrumentation was eventually dismissed, in 1979, he produced Graham Parkers album Squeezing Out Sparks. Nitzsche produced three Willy DeVille albums beginning in the late 1970s, Cabretta, Return to Magenta, Nitzsche said that DeVille was the best singer he had ever worked with. He was nominated for an Oscar and a Grammy for his contributions to One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, his first of many projects with multi-instrumentalist and composer. At the start of the decade, he scored Revenge. On Revenge he worked with Joanna St. Claire, who wrote and his intensive output declined somewhat during the rest of the decade
7.
Lorimar Television
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Lorimar, later known as Lorimar Television and Lorimar Distribution, was an American production company that was later a subsidiary of Warner Bros. active from 1969 until 1993. It was founded by Irwin Molasky, Merv Adelson, and Lee Rich, who named the company by combining their initials - LR, IM, and MA. Inspired by Adelsons ex-wife, Lori, an O was added as was a final R, the company was founded on $185,000 loan Merv Adelson gave to Lee Rich. Prior to Lorimar, Rich had a reputation, first as an advertising executive at Benton & Bowles, then as a television producer. Lorimar initially started producing movies for the ABC Movie of the Week. Rich bought the script to an adaptation of Earl Hamner Jr. s novel The Homecoming and subsequently sold the rights to CBS. The Homecoming, A Christmas Story, airing during the 1971 holiday season, was a ratings success, throughout the 1970s, Lorimar produced several other shows, as well, including Eight is Enough, of these, the most popular by far was Dallas. In 1980, Lorimar purchased the bankrupt Allied Artists Pictures Corporation, in 1984-85, three of the top 10 shows in the United States were produced by Lorimar, Dallas, Knots Landing, and Falcon Crest. In the mid-1980s, Lorimars output swung toward family-friendly sitcoms, among these were The Hogan Family, Perfect Strangers, and Full House, in 1985, Lorimar announced their intention to buy a 15% share in the then-troubled Warner Communications company. Around that same year, Rich left the company and moved to MGM, in 1988, Lorimar-Telepicturess production arm became Lorimar Television, however, the L-T distribution business remained until 1989. Lorimars distribution business was folded into Warner Bros, Television Distribution and became Warner Bros. Domestic Television Distribution, since then, the Telepictures name has been resurrected as both a company, and once again as a syndication company. The former MGM studio lot was sold to Sony to house Columbia Pictures, TriStar Pictures, Lorimar continued as a production company until July 1993, when it was folded into Warner Bros. Television, for issues as a result of declining syndication sales. The last series to premiere under the Lorimar name was Time Trax, les Moonves was the president and CEO of Lorimar Television from 1990 to 1993. Moonves then became the chairman of Warner Bros, Television after the merger with Lorimar. Additionally, Lorimar has owned key components of the library of the defunct Allied Artists film studio, which includes Cabaret and Papillon. Animation-produced revival show aired on Cartoon Network for one season in 2011, Lorimar not only specialized in producing television programs, they also produced a number of theatrical motion pictures, most of which were originally distributed by other studios
8.
Paramount Pictures
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Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
9.
Romance film
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Romance films make the romantic love story or the search for strong and pure love and romance the main plot focus. Occasionally, romance lovers face obstacles such as finances, physical illness, various forms of discrimination, as in all quite strong, deep, and close romantic relationships, tensions of day-to-day life, temptations, and differences in compatibility enter into the plots of romantic films. In romantic television series, the development of romantic relationships may play out over many episodes. Historical romance - A romantic story with a period setting and this includes films such as Gone with the Wind, Doctor Zhivago and Titanic. Romantic drama usually revolves around an obstacle which prevents deep and true love between two people. Music is often employed to indicate the mood, creating an atmosphere of greater insulation for the couple. The conclusion of a romantic drama typically does not indicate whether a final union between the two main characters will occur. Chick flick is a term associated with romance films as many are targeted to a female audience. As such, the terms cannot be used interchangeably, films of this genre include Dirty Dancing, The Notebook, Dear John, A Walk to Remember, and Romeo + Juliet. Romantic comedies are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as true love is able to surmount most obstacles. Humour in such films tends to be of a verbal, low-key variety or situational, films within this genre include Four Weddings and a Funeral, Love Actually, Moonstruck, As Good as It Gets, Somethings Gotta Give, It Happened One Night, When Harry Met Sally. Romantic fantasies describe fantasy stories using many of the elements and conventions of the romance genre, romantic action comedies are films that blend romantic comedy and action. Examples include Killers, Knight and Day, Mr. & Mrs. Smith, This Means War, romantic thriller is a genre of film which has a storyline combining elements of the romance film and the thriller genre. Some examples of romantic thriller films are The Adjustment Bureau, The Phantom of the Opera, The Tourist, The Bodyguard, Unfaithful, and Wicker Park
10.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
11.
United States Navy
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The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U. S. Navy is the largest, most capable navy in the world, the U. S. Navy has the worlds largest aircraft carrier fleet, with ten in service, two in the reserve fleet, and three new carriers under construction. The service has 323,792 personnel on duty and 108,515 in the Navy Reserve. It has 274 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of October 2016, the U. S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter. It played a role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy. It played the role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan. The 21st century U. S. Navy maintains a global presence, deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific, the Mediterranean. The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Navy is itself a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The Chief of Naval Operations is an admiral and the senior naval officer of the Department of the Navy. The CNO may not be the highest ranking officer in the armed forces if the Chairman or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The mission of the Navy is to maintain, train and equip combat-ready Naval forces capable of winning wars, deterring aggression, the United States Navy is a seaborne branch of the military of the United States. The Navys three primary areas of responsibility, The preparation of naval forces necessary for the prosecution of war. The development of aircraft, weapons, tactics, technique, organization, U. S. Navy training manuals state that the mission of the U. S. Armed Forces is to prepare and conduct prompt and sustained combat operations in support of the national interest, as part of that establishment, the U. S. Navys functions comprise sea control, power projection and nuclear deterrence, in addition to sealift duties. It follows then as certain as that night succeeds the day, that without a decisive naval force we can do nothing definitive, the Navy was rooted in the colonial seafaring tradition, which produced a large community of sailors, captains, and shipbuilders. In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, Massachusetts had its own Massachusetts Naval Militia, the establishment of a national navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Second Continental Congress. Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the worlds preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. Commander in Chief George Washington resolved the debate when he commissioned the ocean-going schooner USS Hannah to interdict British merchant ships, and reported the captures to the Congress
12.
Officer candidate
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Officer candidate or Officer aspirant is a rank in some militaries of the world that is an appointed position while a person is in training to become an officer. More often than not, a candidate was a civilian who applied to join the military directly as an officer. Officer candidates are, therefore, not considered of the status as enlisted personnel. In several NATO countries, the term Officer designate is used, in the NATO rank scale, it comes below the grade of OF-1 and above the grade of Student Officer. Ranks designated as OF-D include dokimos efedros axiomatikos in the Hellenic Army, in the German Armed Forces, officer designates are enlisted personnel and have a corresponding rank code. In the Finnish Defence Forces, officer candidate is an NCO rank, usually officer candidates are chosen as conscripts, and along with officer cadets are promoted to the rank of second lieutenant. In the German Armed Forces, officer designates are enlisted personnel, soldiers accepted for officer training are given the annotation for Offizieranwärter to their rank. Then the designate progresses through the ranks of Fahnenjunker, Fähnrich and Oberfähnrich in the German Army, Officer designates in the German Navy go through the corresponding ranks of Seekadett, Fähnrich zur See and Oberfähnrich zur See instead. Officer designates in the army and air force wear the uniform and insignia as the corresponding NCOs. A distinction to this is the insignia of the Oberfähnrich and his service and dress uniforms, including the shoulder straps, are sowed the silver piping, indicating the officer career instead of the NCO piping. However, his insignia on mounting loots for the field uniform are identically to the non-commissioned Hauptfeldwebel. The navy doesnt use a cord to indicate the officer designates. The rank insignia of Seekadett and Fährnich zur See is the same as for the corresponding NCOs, the rank insignia for Oberfähnrich zur See is lent to the Leutnant zur See, displaying the nautical star and a golden half-stripe — also on the field uniform. Upon admission to the Officer Candidate School, officer candidates are appointed as second lieutenants. In the British Armed Forces, officer candidates or potential candidates are civilians or enlisted persons who apply to join the service as an officer. This does not infer rank or salutation, in the United States Army, officer candidates attend either the Federal Officer Candidate School at Fort Benning, Georgia, or Army National Guard Regional Training Institutes. RTIs follow the curriculum and requirements as OCS and commission graduates who receive federal recognition into the Army National Guard. Soldiers who attend OCS are usually prior service enlisted personnel, though civilians with college degrees can enlist, with regard to rank, a U. S. Army officer candidate exists in a gray area
13.
Officer Candidate School (United States Navy)
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The United States Navys Officer Candidate School provides initial training for officers of the line and select operational Staff Corps communities in the United States Navy. Along with United States Naval Academy and Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps, qualified U. S. citizens who hold a bachelors degree meet with an Officer Recruiter and prepare packages for consideration. Officer Candidates are already associated with a designator when they begin their training at OCS and this is in contrast to USNA and NROTC, where trainees are not associated with a community until soon before commissioning. OCS classes are numbered by the fiscal year of their graduation. All those in training at OCS are mustered at the pay grade of E-5 unless they are prior enlisted already holding a higher pay grade, while attending OCS the students hold a special title known as Officer Candidate. Officer Candidate uniforms are similar to those worn at NROTC programs and USNA, Candidates who do not meet milestones can be held back in training or removed from the program. Adherence to a Code of Honor is mandatory, violators are removed, upon successful completion of the 12-week course the candidates are commissioned as active duty Ensigns in the United States Navy. The new officers then join their predetermined designator communities and are eligible for orders to the fleet or follow-on training. Originally, the Navy operated two officer candidate programs, Officer Candidate School at Naval Station Newport, Rhode Island, and Aviation Officer Candidate School at NAS Pensacola, Florida. During the summer months, AVROC classes would typically enter every other week, for AVROCs, the advantage of their program was that their Pay Entry Base Date was adjusted to the day they signed up for the AVROC program, typically two to three years before their commissioning. As a result, when they were commissioned, they received a higher base pay rate reflecting two to three years of service versus their traditional non-prior service AOCS counterparts. AVROCs were otherwise indiscernible from traditional AOCs, another subset of the traditional AOCs was the Naval Aviation Cadet Program. NavCads, who had some college, but typically lacked a degree, completed the entire AOCS curriculum. AOCS stopped taking NavCad civilian and enlisted candidates in 1968 and the program was discontinued, AOCS was a department of the Naval Aviation Schools Command and organized as a regiment with three battalions until just following the Vietnam War, when it was reduced in size to two battalions. Each battalion consisted of several AOCS classes graduating every two to three weeks, like OCS, AOCS also emphasized Leadership, Physical and Military training. Unlike OCS, AOCS classes were numbered by graduation date in the calendar, in September 2007, OCS returned to Newport as a result of the 2005 BRAC Commission. Tradition dictated that when AOCS graduates were commissioned, the first salute they received was from their former Marine Corps Drill Instructor, when AOCS and OCS merged, the unified OCS program retained the Marine Corps tradition alongside Navy Recruit Division Commanders. This continuing Marine presence is the origin of the slogan Navy owned, Marine Corps trained, the 1982 film An Officer and a Gentleman is set at AOCS on a fictional naval air station in Washington state
14.
United States Marine Corps
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The U. S. Marine Corps is one of the four armed service branches in the U. S. Department of Defense and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the military officer in the U. S. Armed Forces, is a Marine Corps general, the Marine Corps has been a component of the U. S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834, working closely with naval forces for training, transportation, and logistics. The USMC operates posts on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world, two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting for independence both at sea and on shore. The role of the Corps has since grown and evolved, expanding to aerial warfare and earning popular titles such as, Americas third air force, and, second land army. By the mid-20th century, the U. S. Marine Corps had become a major theorist of and its ability to rapidly respond on short notice to expeditionary crises gives it a strong role in the implementation and execution of American foreign policy. As of 2016, the USMC has around 182,000 active duty members and it is the smallest of the U. S. The USMC serves as an expeditionary force-in-readiness and this last clause, while seemingly redundant given the Presidents position as Commander-in-chief, is a codification of the expeditionary responsibilities of the Marine Corps. It derives from similar language in the Congressional acts For the Better Organization of the Marine Corps of 1834, in 1951, the House of Representatives Armed Services Committee called the clause one of the most important statutory – and traditional – functions of the Marine Corps. In addition to its duties, the Marine Corps conducts Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure operations, as well as missions in direct support of the White House. The Marine Band, dubbed the Presidents Own by Thomas Jefferson, Marines from Ceremonial Companies A & B, quartered in Marine Barracks, Washington, D. C. The Executive Flight Detachment also provides transport to Cabinet members. The relationship between the Department of State and the U. S. Marine Corps is nearly as old as the corps itself, for over 200 years, Marines have served at the request of various Secretaries of State. After World War II, an alert, disciplined force was needed to protect American embassies, consulates, in 1947, a proposal was made that the Department of War furnish Marine Corps personnel for Foreign Service guard duty under the provisions of the Foreign Service Act of 1946. A formal Memorandum of Agreement was signed between the Department of State and the Secretary of the Navy on December 15,1948, during the first year of the MSG program,36 detachments were deployed worldwide. Continental Marines manned raiding parties, both at sea and ashore, the Advanced Base Doctrine of the early 20th century codified their combat duties ashore, outlining the use of Marines in the seizure of bases and other duties on land to support naval campaigns. Throughout the late 19th and 20th centuries, Marine detachments served aboard Navy cruisers, battleships, Marine detachments served in their traditional duties as a ships landing force, manning the ships weapons and providing shipboard security. Marines would develop tactics and techniques of amphibious assault on defended coastlines in time for use in World War II, during World War II, Marines continued to serve on capital ships
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Gunnery sergeant
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Gunnery Sergeant is the seventh enlisted rank in the United States Marine Corps, just above Staff Sergeant and below Master Sergeant and First Sergeant, and is a staff non-commissioned officer. It has a pay grade of E-7, the Gunnery Sergeant insignia consists of two M1 Garands centered vertically between three chevrons and two rockers. In artillery batteries, gunnery sergeants serve as the gunnery sergeant in the headquarters section of the firing batterys 94-member firing platoon. In tank and assault amphibian gunnery sergeants may serve as a platoon sergeant of a 16-member platoon of four tanks or a 39-member platoon of 12 AAVs. Tank and assault amphibian gunnery sergeants are also assigned as section leaders, the company/battery gunny serves as the units operations chief and works with the Executive Officer to plan and coordinate unit training and operations. The Company/Battery Gunny has been described as a hands on disciplinarian, an approximate former equivalent in the US Army would have been field first sergeant. The rank of sergeant in the Marine Corps was established by the Navy personnel act of March 3,1899 reflecting the duties of Marines in ships detachments. The original insignia was three point up with three straight ties with an insignia of a bursting bomb over a crossed rifle and naval gun. From 1904 to 1929 the insignia went to three stripes only over a bomb on top of crossed rifles. In 1929, like the rank of first sergeant, two rockers were added beneath the stripes with the insignia in the middle. In 1937 the middle insignia was dropped, the rank was replaced by technical sergeant in 1946 until restored in 1959, when the crossed rifles insignia were added to Marine chevrons. He should have knowledge of the kinds and quantities of used in those guns. He should have a knowledge of the instructions pertaining to target practice. Gunnery sergeants are men selected from the sergeants of the corps on account of superior intelligence, reliability, at the time of this congressional testimony there were 82 gunnery sergeants in the USMC. Gunnery sergeants are referred to by the informal abbreviation gunny. This nickname, which is regarded as a title of both esteem and camaraderie, is generally acceptable for use in all but formal and ceremonial situations. Use of the term by lower-ranking personnel, however, remains at the gunnery sergeants discretion, GySgt Emil Foley is the drill instructor in the feature film An Officer And A Gentleman, for which Gossett won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. GySgt Alva Bricker was a regular cast member in the television series Major Dad GySgt Victor Galindez, Gunny who helped the JAG HQ investigate crimes
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Drill instructor
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A Drill Instructor is a non-commissioned officer in the armed forces or police forces with specific duties that vary by country. For example, in the United States armed forces, they are assigned the duty of training new recruits entering the military, Drill instructors within the U. S. armed forces have different titles in each branch of service. In the United States Air Force, they are known as Military Training Instructors, the United States Navy uses Marine Corps drill instructors at their Officer Candidate School, but only Chief Petty Officers called Recruit Division Commanders, or RDCs at their recruit training. Within the United States Army, drill instructors are given the title of Drill Sergeant, the United States Coast Guard gives the title of Company Commander to their drill instructors. The United States Marine Corps is the branch of the U. S. armed forces where drill instructors are titled as drill instructors. Drill instructors are referred to as sir or maam by recruits within the USAF, USMC, recruits in the United States Army must refer to their drill sergeants as such, drill sergeant. The instruction and indoctrination given by the instructors of the various U. S. In the Australian Army, the responsible for training recruits are known as Recruit Instructors. They teach recruits discipline, fieldcraft, marksmanship, service knowledge, each recruit platoon is commanded by Recruit Instructors usually consisting of a Lieutenant, a Sergeant and up to four instructors of the Corporal or Bombardier rank. Members from all Corps in the Army are eligible to become Recruit Instructors, experience as a Recruit Instructor is often a prerequisite to senior non-commissioned appointments in the military. In the Royal Australian Navy, there are Instructors at HMAS Cerberus, where the Recruit School course is held, and HMAS Creswell, each accredited Drill Instructor wears an AFP pin with the wording DI positioned 5mm above their name plate or citations. Drill Instructors are also issued with a black coloured Hellweg brand leather basket weave Sam Browne belt, the Australian Federal Police College at Barton has a non-commissioned officer of Sergeant Rank holding the position of College Sergeant. The College Sergeant carries a pace stick as a badge of office at ceremonial functions. The New South Wales Police Force has a Drill Sergeant and a Drill Constable attached to the NSW Police College at Goulburn, Drill staff are responsible for training recruits in drill. These personnel wear a cord to signify being a protocol officer. The Senior Protocol officer is responsible for dress, bearing and discipline and also is the guardian of NSWPF history, customs, traditions and symbols at the NSW Police College. The Senior Protocol Officer carries a pace stick with silver fittings. The Western Australian Police Force has a Drill Sergeant of the Rank of Sergeant who trains recruits in drill, discipline and he is also the recruit training manager responsible for overseeing the recruits training, ceremonial graduations, police funerals and other events
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Royal Navy
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The Royal Navy is the United Kingdoms naval warfare force. Although warships were used by the English kings from the medieval period. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century, from the middle decades of the 17th century and through the 18th century, the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy. From the mid 18th century it was the worlds most powerful navy until surpassed by the United States Navy during the Second World War. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing the British Empire as the world power during the 19th. Due to this historical prominence, it is common, even among non-Britons, following World War I, the Royal Navy was significantly reduced in size, although at the onset of the Second World War it was still the worlds largest. By the end of the war, however, the United States Navy had emerged as the worlds largest, during the Cold War, the Royal Navy transformed into a primarily anti-submarine force, hunting for Soviet submarines, mostly active in the GIUK gap. The Royal Navy is part of Her Majestys Naval Service, which includes the Royal Marines. The professional head of the Naval Service is the First Sea Lord, the Defence Council delegates management of the Naval Service to the Admiralty Board, chaired by the Secretary of State for Defence. The strength of the fleet of the Kingdom of England was an important element in the power in the 10th century. English naval power declined as a result of the Norman conquest. Medieval fleets, in England as elsewhere, were almost entirely composed of merchant ships enlisted into service in time of war. Englands naval organisation was haphazard and the mobilisation of fleets when war broke out was slow, early in the war French plans for an invasion of England failed when Edward III of England destroyed the French fleet in the Battle of Sluys in 1340. Major fighting was confined to French soil and Englands naval capabilities sufficed to transport armies and supplies safely to their continental destinations. Such raids halted finally only with the occupation of northern France by Henry V. Henry VII deserves a large share of credit in the establishment of a standing navy and he embarked on a program of building ships larger than heretofore. He also invested in dockyards, and commissioned the oldest surviving dry dock in 1495 at Portsmouth, a standing Navy Royal, with its own secretariat, dockyards and a permanent core of purpose-built warships, emerged during the reign of Henry VIII. Under Elizabeth I England became involved in a war with Spain, the new regimes introduction of Navigation Acts, providing that all merchant shipping to and from England or her colonies should be carried out by English ships, led to war with the Dutch Republic. In the early stages of this First Anglo-Dutch War, the superiority of the large, heavily armed English ships was offset by superior Dutch tactical organisation and the fighting was inconclusive
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U.S. Naval Base Subic Bay
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Naval Base Subic Bay was a major ship-repair, supply, and rest and recreation facility of the Spanish Navy and subsequently the United States Navy located in Olongapo, Zambales, Philippines. The base was 262 square miles, about the size of Singapore, the Navy Exchange had the largest volume of sales of any exchange in the world, and the Naval Supply Depot handled the largest volume of fuel oil of any navy facility in the world. The naval base was the largest overseas military installation of the United States Armed Forces after Clark Air Base in Angeles City was closed in 1991, following its closure in 1992, it was transformed into the Subic Bay Freeport Zone by the Philippine government. Therefore, an expedition was sent to Subic Bay in 1868 with orders to survey the bay to find out if it would be a suitable site for a naval yard. The Spanish explored the bay and concluded that it had much promise. This report was not well-accepted in Manila, as the Spanish command was reluctant to move to the isolation of Subic. Finally, in 1884, a Royal Decree declared Subic Bay as a naval port, on March 8,1885, the Spanish Navy authorized construction of the Arsenal de Olongapo and by the following September, work started at Olongapo. Both the harbor and its basin were dredged and a drainage canal was built, as the Spanish military authorities were planning to make Olongapo. This canal also served as a line of defense and over which the bridge at the bases Main Gate passes, when the Arsenal was finished, the gunboats Caviteño, Santa Ana, and San Quintín were assigned for its defense. To complement these gunboats, coastal artilleries were planned for the east and west ends of the station, seawalls, causeways and a short railway were built across the swampy tidal flats. To finish these projects, thousands of tons of earth and rock from Kalalake in Olongapo had to be brought in to be used as fill. The magnitude of this quarrying was so huge that a hill eventually disappeared, the main entrance to the Arsenal was the West Gate, which still stands. This gate was equipped with gunports and also served as a jail and this gate was connected to the South Gate, which was near the water front, by a high wall of locally quarried stone. Inside the Arsenal, the Spanish constructed a foundry, as well as other shops, which were necessary for the construction and repair of ships. The buildings were laid out in two rows on Rivera Point, a patch of land jutting into the bay, and named after the incumbent Captain-General of the Philippines. The Arsenals showpiece was the station headquarters, which was a one-storey building of molave and narra woods. The Spanish navy yard was constructed in the area that was last occupied by the U. S. Naval Ship Repair Facility and his other units would then use Subic Bay as a sally port, with which he could attack the American fleets rear and cut off its supplies. On April 26, Montojo arrived at Subic Bay aboard Reina Cristina with seven other ships, on the morning of the April 27, Castilla was towed northeast of Grande Island to help control the western entrance to Subic Bay
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Philippines
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The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south, Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City, both part of Metro Manila. The Philippines has an area of 300,000 square kilometers, and it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world. As of 2013, approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas, multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands. In prehistoric times, Negritos were some of the archipelagos earliest inhabitants and they were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples. Exchanges with Chinese, Malay, Indian, and Islamic nations occurred, then, various competing maritime states were established under the rule of Datus, Rajahs, Sultans or Lakans. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan in Homonhon, Eastern Samar in 1521 marked the beginning of Hispanic colonization, in 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. With the arrival of Miguel López de Legazpi from Mexico City, in 1565, the Philippines became part of the Spanish Empire for more than 300 years. This resulted in Roman Catholicism becoming the dominant religion, during this time, Manila became the western hub of the trans-Pacific trade connecting Asia with Acapulco in the Americas using Manila galleons. Aside from the period of Japanese occupation, the United States retained sovereignty over the islands until after World War II, since then, the Philippines has often had a tumultuous experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by a non-violent revolution. It is a member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. It also hosts the headquarters of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines was named in honor of King Philip II of Spain. Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos, during his expedition in 1542, named the islands of Leyte, eventually the name Las Islas Filipinas would be used to cover all the islands of the archipelago. Before that became commonplace, other such as Islas del Poniente. The official name of the Philippines has changed several times in the course of its history, during the Philippine Revolution, the Malolos Congress proclaimed the establishment of the República Filipina or the Philippine Republic. From the 1898 Treaty of Paris, the name Philippines began to appear, since the end of World War II, the official name of the country has been the Republic of the Philippines. The metatarsal of the Callao Man, reliably dated by uranium-series dating to 67,000 years ago is the oldest human remnant found in the archipelago to date and this distinction previously belonged to the Tabon Man of Palawan, carbon-dated to around 26,500 years ago. Negritos were also among the archipelagos earliest inhabitants, but their first settlement in the Philippines has not been reliably dated, there are several opposing theories regarding the origins of ancient Filipinos
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Chief petty officer (United States)
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Chief Petty Officer is the seventh enlisted rate in the United States Navy and U. S. Coast Guard, just above petty officer first class and below senior chief petty officer. The rate of petty officer is that of a senior non-commissioned officer. The United States Congress first authorized the Coast Guard to use the promotion to petty officer on 18 May 1920. Chief petty officer is also the final cadet rate in the U. S. Naval Sea Cadet Corps, prior to 1958, chief petty officer was the highest enlisted rank in both the U. S. Navy and U. S. Coast Guard. This changed on 20 May 1958 with the passage Public Law 85-422, the Military Pay Act of 1958, in the U. S. Navy and U. S. Prior to establishment of the E-8 and E-9 grades, Chief Petty Officers could typically serve in uniform for 30 or more years, shortly following establishment of the E-8 and E-9 grades, service limits currently known as High Year Tenure were established by pay grade. Navy chief petty officers serve a role as both technical experts and as leaders, with the emphasis being more on leadership as they progress through the CPO paygrades. A recognized collateral duty for all Chiefs is the training of newly-commissioned junior officers, like petty officers, every chief petty officer has both a rate and a rating. A chief petty officers full title is a combination of the two, thus, a chief petty officer who has the rating of gunners mate would be referred to as a chief gunners mate. Each rating has an official abbreviation, such as QM for quartermaster, BM for boatswains mate, when combined with the petty officer level, this gives the shorthand for the chiefs rate, such as BMC for Chief Boatswains Mate. It is not uncommon practice to refer to the chief by this shorthand in all, usually Chief Petty Officers are referred to as chief, regardless of their rating. In the U. S. Navy, both commissioned officers and Chief Petty Officers are often referred to as khakis. However, since 2009, while khakis are still worn ashore, the latter has caused some discontent among some chief petty officers and commissioned officers as a result. In the U. S. Coast Guard, petty officers, chief petty officers, warrant officers, the United States Navy and the United States Coast Guard are distinct among the U. S. The induction season, as it was called, has replaced by a program called CPO365. I believe that induction is more about a moment in time, and CPO365 and this is something were going to do every day,365 days a year, and so we want to make sure the term we are using is matching what we are doing. A chief petty officer can only advance after review by a board of serving senior and master chief petty officers, in effect choosing their own. Advancement into the petty officer grades is the most significant promotion within the enlisted naval rates
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Boatswain's mate (United States Navy)
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The United States Navy occupational rating of boatswains mate was a designation given by the Bureau of Naval Personnel to enlisted members who were rated or striking for the rating as a deck seaman. The colloquial form of address for a mate is Boats. The rating of Boatswains Mate dates from the American Revolutionary War and was one of the oldest U. S. Navy rates in existence from 1775 to 2016. For a period of three months at the end of 2016 the rating were scheduled for elimination but the decision had subsequently been reversed. Boatswains mates take charge of working parties, perform tasks, act as petty officer-in-charge of picketboats, self-propelled barges, tugs. They serve in, or take charge of damage control parties, BMs also operate and maintain equipment used in loading and unloading cargo, ammunition, fuel, and general stores. BMs take charge of and supervise UNREP procedures and equipment and they are integral to ships navigation and serve as ships Helmsman and the ships Lee Helmsman. In addition they also serve as RHIB coxswains, Boatswains mates enjoy a normal path of advancement to Chief Warrant Officer and limited duty officer. Candidates must have color perception, and no speech impediment. Candidates need not meet any special citizenship or security requirements, Boatswains mates also stand watch on ships bridges, passing information relating to routine and special activities to the crew with the distinctive boatswains call or boatswains pipe. On the ancient row-galleys, the boatswain used his pipe to call the stroke, later, because its shrill tune could be heard above most of the activity on board, it was used to signal various happenings such as pipe down, and the Side or Away Galley. So essential was this device to the well-being of the ship. Boatswains mates duties cover a spectrum and range widely depending on the capacity. They act as landing signalmen enlisted on air-capable ships and they act as or supervise lookouts of Navy ships, searching the sea for enemy vessels and hazards to navigation. They conduct Search and Rescue operations and can respond to other military, ashore, they provide armed security for either their assigned vessel or for their assigned Naval installation. Boatswains mates are also a rating for the Navys mobile amphibious community. These duties include assault boat coxswain and Craftmaster, navigating specialized assault or working vessels during operations, salvage work. They are also a source rating for the U. S. Navys Special Warfare
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Ensign (rank)
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Ensign is a junior rank of a commissioned officer in the armed forces of some countries, normally in the infantry or navy. As the junior officer in a regiment was traditionally the carrier of the ensign flag. This rank has generally replaced in army ranks by second lieutenant. Ensigns were generally the lowest ranking commissioned officer, except where the rank of subaltern existed. In contrast, the Arab rank of ensign, لواء, liwa, derives from the command of units with an ensign, not the carrier of such a units ensign, and is today the equivalent of a major general. Ensign is enseigne in French, and chorąży in Polish, each of which derives from a term for a flag, the Spanish alférez and Portuguese alferes is a junior officer rank below lieutenant associated with carrying the flag, and so is often translated as ensign. Unlike the rank in other languages, its etymology has nothing to do with flags, in the German Landsknecht armies, the equivalent rank of a Cornet existed for those men who carried the troop standard. It is still used in the artillery and cavalry divisions of the Netherlands, the NATO rank code is OF-1. In Argentina, the rank of ensign is used by both the air force and the gendarmerie and it is, however, used differently in the two services. The air force uses the rank for newly qualified officers, while the gendarmerie uses ensign ranks as an equivalent for the armys lieutenant ranks, the other armed forces of Argentina have ranks equivalent to ensign, subteniente in the army and guardiamarina in the navy. In the army, the most junior sublieutenant in a regiment is also the flag carrier, during the Ancien Régime in France, as in other countries, the ensign was the banner of an infantry regiment. As in other countries, the name began to be used for the officers who carried the ensign and it was renamed sub-lieutenant at the end of the 18th century. The Navy used a rank of ensign, which was the first officer rank. It was briefly renamed ship-of-the-line sub-lieutenant in the end of the 18th century, nowadays, the rank is still used in the Marine Nationale, Ship-of-the-line ensign is the name of the two lowest officer ranks Both ranks of ensign use the style lieutenant. However, French-Canadian sub-lieutenants use the form of enseigne instead of lieutenant. The rank ensign is used to refer to second lieutenants in household regiments of the Canadian Army. Fähnrich which has a parallel etymology to ensign, containing the corresponding German word stem of flag in it, is a German, the word Fähnrich comes from an older German military title, Fahnenträger, and first became a distinct military rank on 1 January 1899. The German Fähnrich is a non-commissioned officer promoted from the rank of Fahnenjunker or Seekadett, Fähnrich is equivalent to Feldwebel, but with additional responsibilities as an officer cadet
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United States Naval Aviator
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A Naval Aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a pilot in the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps or United States Coast Guard. In the U. S. AEDOs are frequently test pilot school graduates and retain their flying status, an even smaller number of Naval Aviators are in the U. S. Navy Medical Corps, primarily as Naval Flight Surgeons. The vast majority of Naval Flight Surgeons, although they are on flight status, are not dual designated and are not Naval Aviators, Marine Corps does not have restricted line officers or staff corps officers, as does the U. S. Navy. All current USMC naval aviators and naval officers are unrestricted line officers. Until 1981, the U. S. Navy and U. S. Marine Corps also had a number of senior enlisted personnel trained as pilots. Such individuals were referred to as naval aviation pilots, colloquially NAPs or APs, the naval aviation pilot wings worn by NAPs were identical in design to the naval aviator insignia worn by commissioned officers. The Silver Eagle title was a reflection that the badge on their uniform had a silver eagle. The U. S. Navy still has an number of senior officers on active duty in the Regular Navy or serving in the Navy Reserve who were originally accessed as NAVCADs. These individuals entered service via the NAVCAD program during the mid/late 1980s, after completion of their initial operational flying tour, they would receive an assignment to complete their bachelors degree. NAVCADs who failed to complete flight training were contractually obligated to enter fleet service as undesignated enlisted personnel. To become an aviator, non-prior service personnel must be between the ages of 19 and 27 when entering flight training. A smaller number were previously commissioned via the Navys limited duty officer or chief warrant officer programs, graduates of these programs are commissioned as Navy ensigns in the U. S. Navy or U. S. Coast Guard, or as second lieutenants in the Marine Corps. The longest of these pipelines is the E-2 or C-2A pipeline, All pipelines include ground and flight training at numerous locations. S. Air Forces 314th Airlift Wing at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas, IFS is the first step to becoming a naval aviator. After passing a medical screening, all new flight school students are enrolled in one of five civilian flight schools near NAS Pensacola, for those students requiring IFS, they will complete 2 weeks of ground training and approximately 14 hours of flight training in single-engine general aviation aircraft. Coast Guard Students complete 25 hours of flight training, a student must solo and pass the FAA private pilot knowledge test. Notable dramatization of API/AOCS, in media, An Officer and a Gentleman All SNAs start at the Cradle of Naval Aviation, NAS Pensacola, Florida. API classes consist of Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard SNAs, student naval flight officers, flight surgeons, Students receive four weeks of classroom instruction in aerodynamics, aircraft engines and systems, meteorology, air navigation, and flight rules and regulations
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Hypobaric chamber
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Some chambers also control for temperature and relative humidity. Several companies build commercial and personal use chambers, most notably Hypoxico, one or more subjects are placed in the chamber. Before ascending to the altitude, subjects breathe oxygen from oxygen masks to purge nitrogen from their bloodstream so decompression sickness does not occur. With masks in place, the pressure inside the chamber is then reduced to simulate altitudes of up to tens of thousands of feet. The subjects then remove their masks and experience the symptoms of hypoxia. An inside safety observer, breathing oxygen by mask, should always be present to place a subjects mask back on in the event a subject passes out unconscious, outside observers monitor the subjects condition via closed circuit television and viewing ports. While the masks are off, subjects may be asked to do tasks, such as arithmetic. Subjects may also ensure that they are able to do such as clear their nose and sinuses easily. The primary purpose of the chamber is for the subjects to learn what their hypoxia symptoms are. Military pilots who fly aircraft at altitudes in excess of 10,000 feet, altitude chamber training is required of U. S. military aviators every five years. The FAA and some larger airlines also require their pilots to periodically take altitude chamber training, there are many procedures followed during chamber training for aircrew. Usually new aircrew will undergo a familiarization profile, where the chamber ascends to an altitude of 10,000 ft, during the ascent they are instructed on the proper procedure to clear the ears. During ascent, students are asked to yawn and on descent they need to perform the valsalva maneuver, if they perform the valsalva during ascent, they risk suffering barotrauma of the ear. This is because the ears are susceptible to Boyles Law, there are also other profiles, such a hypoxia training profile, where the chamber ascends to an altitude of 25,000 ft. Upon arriving at 25,000 ft, students are removed from their oxygen supply two at a time, for around 2 to 3 minutes, during this time, they will be asked to complete simple tasks such as copying shapes on a piece of paper. They are asked during the time off oxygen how they feel, after being placed back on oxygen, they will understand how their judgement was impaired during the time that they were experiencing hypoxia. The training goes further with rapid decompression profiles, where the chamber is very rapidly ascended from 8,000 ft to 22,000 ft within 10 to 20 seconds, to simulate the loss of a cabin door. For fighter pilots this is done from an altitude of 25,000 ft to 43,000 ft within 5 seconds which simulates the loss of a fighter aircrafts canopy, Hypobaric chambers are also finding increasing use as a means of improving athletic performance
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Salute
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A salute is a gesture or other action used to display respect. Salutes are primarily associated with armed forces, but other organizations and civilians also use salutes, the French salute is almost identical to the British Armys. The customary salute in the Polish Armed Forces is the two-fingers salute, in the Russian military, the right hand, palm down, is brought to the right temple, almost, but not quite, touching, the head has to be covered. In the Swedish armed forces, the salute is identical to that of the U. S. armed forces, in the Hellenic Army salute the palm is facing down and the fingers point to the coat of arms. It should be noted that when outdoors, a cover is to be worn at all times when wearing Battle Dress Uniforms/Army Combat Uniforms, but is not required when wearing physical training gear. When the presence of enemy snipers is suspected, military salutes are generally forbidden, others also note that the raising of ones visor was a way to identify oneself saying This is who I am, and I am not afraid. Medieval visors were, to end, equipped with a protruding spike that allowed the visor to be raised using a saluting motion. As late as the American Revolution, a British Army soldier saluted by removing his hat, over time, it became conventionalized into something resembling our modern hand salute. During the Napoleonic Wars, British crews saluted officers by touching a clenched fist to the brow as though grasping a hat-brim between fingers and thumb, when carrying a sword, European military forces and their cultural descendants use a two-step gesture. The sword is first raised, in the hand, to the level of. The blade is inclined forward and up 30 degrees from the vertical, then the sword is slashed downward to a position with the point close to the ground in front of the right foot. The blade is inclined down and forward with the edge to the left. This gesture originated in the Crusades, the hilt of a sword formed a cross with the blade, so if a crucifix was not available, a Crusader could kiss the hilt of his sword when praying, before entering battle, for oaths and vows, and so on. The lowering of the point to the ground is an act of submission. In fencing, the fencers salute each other before putting their masks on to begin a bout. There are several methods of doing this, but the most common is to bring the sword in front of the face so that the blade is pointing up in front of the nose, the fencers also salute the referee and the audience. When armed with a rifle, two methods are available when saluting, the usual method is called present arms, the rifle is brought to the vertical, muzzle up, in front of center of the chest with the trigger away from the body. The hands hold the stock close to the positions they would have if the rifle were being fired, less formal salutes include the order arms salute and the shoulder arms salutes
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Dollar coin (United States)
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The dollar coin is a United States coin worth one United States dollar. It is the second largest American coin currently minted in terms of size, with a diameter of 1.043 inches. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, Dollar coins were first minted in the United States in 1794. The term silver dollar is used for any large white metal coin issued by the United States with a face value of one dollar. While true Gold dollars are no longer minted, the Sacagawea, Dollar coins have never been very popular in the United States since the removal of specie coins from circulation. Despite efforts by the government to promote their use, such as the Presidential $1 Coin Program, the gold dollar was a tiny coin measuring only 13 mm making it difficult to grasp and easy to lose, a serious problem when a dollar was almost a days wage. Dollar coins have found little acceptance in circulation in the United States since the early 20th century. This contrasts with currencies of most other developed countries, where denominations of similar value exist only in coin, a major reason for the lack of acceptance of dollar coins is their similarity in size to a quarter. Whatever the reason, a U. S. Mint official claimed in a November 2012 meeting that most of 2.4 billion dollar coins minted in the five years were not in circulation. The dollar coin is so unpopular with the Federal Reserve that it has contrived barriers to its distribution, the mint marks are C, CC, D, D, O, P, S, and W. C, Charlotte, North Carolina. Before the American Revolutionary War, coins from many European nations circulated freely in the American colonies, chief among these was the Spanish silver dollar coins minted in Mexico and other colonies with silver mined from Central and South American mines. These coins, along others of similar size and value, were in use throughout the colonies, and later the United States. In 1776, the Continental Congress authorized plans to produce a coin to prop up the rapidly failing Continental—the first attempt by the fledgling U. S. at paper currency. Several examples were struck in brass, pewter, and silver, the Continental Dollar bears a date of 1776, and while its true denomination is not known, it is generally the size of later dollars, and the name has stuck. The failure of the Continental exacerbated a distrust of paper money among both politicians and the populace at large, the Coinage Act of 1792 authorized the production of dollar coins from silver. The United States Mint produced silver coins from 1794 to 1803. The first silver dollars, precisely 1,758 of them, were coined on October 15,1794 and were delivered to Mint Director David Rittenhouse for distribution to dignitaries as souvenirs. Thereafter, until 1804, they were struck in varying quantities, there are two obverse designs, Flowing Hair and Draped Bust
27.
Robert Loggia
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Salvatore Robert Loggia was an American actor and director. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Jagged Edge and he grew up in the Little Italy neighborhood, where the family spoke Italian at home. He attended New Dorp High School before going to Wagner College, later he started courses towards a degree in journalism at the University of Missouri, but later still switched to drama courses with Alvina Krause at Northwestern University. After serving in the United States Army, he married Marjorie Sloan in 1954, at age 25, he made his debut on Broadway in The Man With the Golden Arm in 1955. Although Loggia made his first film in 1956, in an appearance, it was not until he was cast as a New Mexico lawman Elfego Baca. He later starred as the proverbial cat-burglar-turned-good circus artist, Thomas Hewitt Edward Cat, Cat appeared to be a success, Loggia said, Were drawing about a 30 per cent share of the audience, which NBC considers fine for a new show with new star. After NBC cancelled the series, when viewing figures failed to deliver, Loggia went into a mid-life crisis, for six years his career foundered, and his marriage fell apart. Restless and unnerved, constantly riddled with self-doubt, a meeting with Audrey OBrien was a saving grace. She helped him out of the crisis, and they later married, despite playing Frank Carver on the CBS soap opera The Secret Storm in 1972, he took a new course, when he decided to begin a career in directing. He also carried on acting, and amassed many television credits in a variety of roles, including appearances on Overland Trail, Target, the Untouchables, The Eleventh Hour, Breaking Point, Combat. I. Quincy, M. E. Kojak, Hawaii Five-0, The Bionic Woman, Falcon Crest, Frasier, The Sopranos, Monk, the director Blake Edwards often cast Loggia in his films in one of the minor and supporting roles. These included Revenge of the Pink Panther, S. O. B. which was a satire about Hollywood, Loggia also acted in several widely acclaimed films such as An Officer and a Gentleman, Scarface, Prizzis Honor, and Independence Day. Eddy in David Lynchs Lost Highway, and Don Vito Leoni in David Jablins The Dons Analyst, additionally, he played violent mobster Feech La Manna in several episodes of The Sopranos. In 1998, Loggia appeared in a television commercial lampooning obscure celebrity endorsements, in it, a young boy names Loggia as someone he would trust to recommend Minute Maid orange-tangerine blend. Loggia instantly appears and endorses the drink, to which the boy exclaims, Whoa, in August 2009, Loggia appeared in one of Apples Get a Mac advertisements. The advertisement features Loggia as a personal trainer hired by PC to get him back on top of his game, on October 26,2009, TVGuide. com announced Loggia had joined the cast of the TNT series Men of a Certain Age. In 2012, Loggia portrayed Saint Peter during his imprisonment in The Apostle Peter. Loggia partnered with Canadian entrepreneur Frank DAngelo from 2013, appearing in three films, with a film in production at the time of Loggias death
28.
Lisa Blount
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Lisa Suzanne Blount was an American film and television actress, and Oscar-winning producer. Blount was born in Fayetteville, Arkansas to Glen Roscoe Blount and Margaret Louise Martin, after graduating from Jacksonville High School and studying theatre at Valdosta State University in Georgia, she landed several small television roles. She returned to college in 1986, this time at San Francisco State University, in the fall of 87 she was cast as the female lead in the American Conservatory Theaters highly successful revival of the musical Hair. Blount played Lynette Pomeroy in An Officer and a Gentleman, another memorable role was that of Jim Profits outrageous stepmother Bobbi Stakowski in the short-lived television series Profit. She starred in Prince of Darkness as the love interest to Jameson Parker and she appeared in season two of Moonlighting in the episode, Sleep Talkin Guy. Blount later became a producer and, along with her husband Ray McKinnon, won the Academy Award for best live action film for the 2001 film The Accountant. That film also credits her as wardrobe mistress, Blount produced and acted in Chrystal, which starred Billy Bob Thornton. Blount was found dead in her Little Rock, Arkansas, home by her mother on October 27,2010, the coroner told the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette that Blount appeared to have died two days earlier. No foul play was suspected, according to the Pulaski County Coroner, I think that might have been part of the problem when she passed away because when I found her she had a purple look on her neck that looked like blood on the surface. Lisa Blount at the Internet Movie Database Lisa Blount at AllMovie Lisa Blount at Find a Grave
29.
Tony Plana
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Tony Plana is a Cuban American actor and director. He is well known for playing Betty Suarezs father, Ignacio Suarez, on the ABC show Ugly Betty and his family moved to Miami in 1960. He is a graduate of Loyola Marymount University and was trained in acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London, UK. While he is known to an audience for his roles in feature films and television. He originated the role of Rudy in the L. A. production of the Luis Valdez play Zoot Suit, Plana has acted in films such as An Officer and a Gentleman, Three Amigos. He is known to PC gamers as the voice of Manny Calavera in the LucasArts 1998 adventure game Grim Fandango, in 2011, Plana guest starred in Desperate Housewives as Gabrielle Soliss abusive stepfather, Alejandro Perez. He also directed Witchs Lament, a Desperate Housewives episode in the eighth season. In 2011, he appeared in Body of Proof, in the episode Helping Hand, Plana teaches acting at California State University, Dominguez Hills and Rio Hondo College. In 2012, he served as a judge for the Noor Iranian Film Festival. Plana is currently volunteering as a spokesperson for Comprehensive Immigration Reform and he was the Keynote speaker for the 2012 LULAC conference in Coronado Springs Convention Center in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Won Satellite Awards for Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Miniseries, or Motion Picture Made for Television for his role as Ignacio Suarez, Ugly Betty, on December 17,2006. Nominations Screen Actors Guild Awards, Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Ensemble - Comedy Series for, ALMA Awards, Outstanding Actor in a Television Series for, Resurrection Blvd. ALMA Awards, Outstanding Actor in a New Television Series for, bravo Awards, Outstanding Actor in a Feature Film for, Lone Star. com
30.
David Caruso
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David Stephen Caruso is an American actor and producer. His most prominent roles are his portrayals of Lieutenant Horatio Caine on the TV series CSI, Miami and he also appeared in movies such as First Blood, Twins, Kiss of Death, Jade and Proof of Life and An Officer and a Gentleman. David Caruso was born in Forest Hills, Queens, New York, the son of Joan, a librarian, and Charles Caruso and he is of Irish and Italian descent. His father left when he was two years of age, forcing him to end up fathering myself, as he put it, raised as a Roman Catholic, Caruso attended Our Lady Queen of Martyrs Catholic School in Forest Hills. He later attended Archbishop Molloy High School in nearby Briarwood, graduating in 1974, Caruso worked as a cinema usher, where he would see up to eighty movies a week. He said that he and his coworkers would act out scenes from some of these movies while they were at the back of the theater and it was in this job he found his role models in Humphrey Bogart, James Cagney, and Edward G. Robinson. He said, The ethics of certain actors certainly had a power over me and these guys taught me how to be what I call a stand up kind of guy. Carusos first film appearance was in the 1980 film Getting Wasted as Danny and he then spent most of the next decade in film supporting roles, appearing in such films as First Blood, An Officer and a Gentleman, Blue City, Thief of Hearts and China Girl. He credits his role as Daniels, the cadet who nearly drowned, in An Officer, on television, he had a recurring role as Tommy Mann, the leader of the street gang The Shamrocks on Hill Street Blues in the early 1980s. He made a appearance on the television series Crime Story which ran from 1986 to 1988 on NBC. In 1984, he portrayed U. S. Olympian James Brendan Connolly in the NBC miniseries The First Olympics and we can see him in the video clip of the French music Voyages Voyages by Desireless in 1986. Caruso had supporting roles as officers in the crime films King of New York and Mad Dog. While filming 1991s Hudson Hawk, he employed method acting, refusing to talk to anyone on set because his character, Kit-Kat, was mute, having had his tongue bitten off. Carusos first major role was in 1993 as Detective John Kelly on the series NYPD Blue, TV Guide named him as one of the six new stars to watch in the 1993–94 season. He made news by leaving the highly rated show the year after failing to obtain the raise he wanted. He was unable to establish himself as a man in films despite starring in the crime thriller Kiss of Death. He also appeared in Jade, which flopped critically and at the box office, in a 2010 issue of TV Guide, his decision to leave NYPD Blue was ranked #6 on a list of TVs 10 biggest blunders. In the first episode of South Park, Kyle tells his brother, Ike, in 1997, Caruso returned to television as a New York City-based federal prosecutor in the short-lived CBS law drama series, Michael Hayes, which aired for one season
31.
Victor French
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Victor Edwin French was an American actor and director. He is remembered for roles on the television programs Little House on the Prairie, Highway to Heaven, following in his fathers footsteps, French also began his television career as a stuntman in mostly westerns and anthology shows. During this period, he guest starred in some television series. Q. Jones, another actor destined to become known in western roles. French was cast as Larrimore in the episode Fargo on the ABC/Warner Brothers western series, French appeared twenty-three times on Gunsmoke, often playing a crook, whether dangerous or bumbling. On October 25,1971, he portrayed a gunman named Trafton. As the clergyman lies dying, he forgives his killer, a development which dogs Trafton, French guest starred in another episode, titled Matts Love Story, in which Dillon falls in love with a character played by Michael Learned. The appearance also led to Frenchs re-teaming with Learned in a role on The Waltons a year later. This led to his being cast in his most well-known role as Mr. Edwards in the based on the books of Laura Ingalls Wilder entitled Little House on the Prairie. In other work, French also starred opposite Elvis Presley in the 1969 western, the two young actors found considerable common ground and became each others best friend as a result. Shortly before being teamed up again, French made a guest appearance on Kung Fu as a corrupt. French also guest starred in episode 24 of season 2 of Mission, Impossible, in 1976, French appeared in an episode of the western series Sara. In 1982, French appeared in the film An Officer and a Gentleman as the stepfather of protagonist Paula Pokrifki, French is most widely known for costarring with Michael Landon on two television series. He appeared on Little House on the Prairie, as Isaiah Edwards and he appeared on Highway to Heaven as Mark Gordon. From 1977–79, he left Little House to star as a small-town Georgia police chief in Carter Country, when the series ended, the actor was surprised that Landon was agreeable to his returning to the character of Mr. Edwards. French appeared in Episode 8 of Season 6, in Episode 8 of Season 8, then returned full-time, cindy Landon mentions that French was a quiet and reclusive kind of guy as opposed to Landons outgoing personality. A heavy smoker, French was diagnosed with advanced cancer in April 1989. According to one anecdote, he left a final, good-humored message for friends and family at his wake, Michael Landon died from pancreatic cancer two years later
32.
Elizabeth Rogers
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Elizabeth Rogers was an American actress. D. Dragnet 1966, Mannix, Dragnet 1967, Bonanza, The Time Tunnel, Land of the Giants, Dr. Kildare and she had two roles in the original Star Trek television series. She provided the voice for entity known as The Companion in the episode Metamorphosis and she also portrayed Lt. Palmer, a substitute communications officer, in the episodes The Doomsday Machine and The Way to Eden. For Doomsday Machine, Rogers was brought in at the last minute after Nichelle Nichols informed the producers that she was flying to New York for a concert performance. As Nichols had no standard contract she was free to do so. Rogers said in an interview, I got the part when Urura had a singing engagement. I was used as an instant threat replacement, during the 1970s, she also appeared in a string of Irwin Allen produced films including The Poseidon Adventure and The Towering Inferno. She was a friend of Allen and his wife Sheila Matthews Allen. Her other film appearances included Bittersweet Love, The Van, Grand Theft Auto, and An Officer and she died from multiple strokes and lung cancer on November 6,2004 in Tarzana, California at the age of 70. Biography portal Elizabeth Rogers at the Internet Movie Database Elizabeth Rogers at Find a Grave
33.
Ed Begley Jr.
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For his father, see Ed Begley. Edward James Ed Begley Jr. is an American actor and environmentalist, Begley has appeared in hundreds of films, television shows, and stage performances. He is most recognized for his role as Dr. Victor Ehrlich on the television series St. Elsewhere, for which he received six consecutive Emmy Award nominations and he also co-hosted, along with wife Rachelle Carson, the green living reality show entitled Living with Ed. He is a recurring cast member in the mockumentaries of Christopher Guest and Eugene Levy, Best in Show, A Mighty Wind, Begley was born in Los Angeles, California to Allene Jeanne Sanders and Oscar-winning film actor Ed Begley. When his son was born Begley Sr. was married to Amanda Huff and he believed Huff to be his biological mother until he was sixteen, and only later became acquainted with his biological mother, Allene. His paternal grandparents were Irish immigrants, Begley grew up in Buffalo, New York and attended Stella Niagara Education Park Cadet School, a private Roman Catholic school, in Lewiston, New York. In 1962 the family moved back to California, where he graduated from Notre Dame High School, Sherman Oaks, a Catholic high school, Begleys numerous roles in television and film include one of his earliest appearances as a guest actor on Maude. He had guest appearances in the 1970s series Room 222 and he had recurring roles on Mary Hartman, 7th Heaven, Arrested Development, Meego and Six Feet Under and starring roles in Stephen Kings Kingdom Hospital, St. Elsewhere, and Wednesday 9,30. He has played significant roles in the mockumentary films Best in Show, A Mighty Wind, in 1995, he played The Riddlers boss in Batman Forever but is uncredited. Since 2000, he has been a member of the Board of Governors of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts, in 1996, Begley appeared in a TV movie called The Late Shift, where he played real-life CBS executive Rod Perth. Perth himself appears briefly in a cameo role, Begley and Perth share an extraordinary physical resemblance, something the film makers milk for humor in the scene. He has guest-starred on shows such as Scrubs, Boston Legal and he had a recurring guest role in season three of Veronica Mars. He appeared in the 2008 HBO film Recount, which profiled the 2000 Presidential Election and its aftermath, Begley also made an appearance on Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job. Season 3, Episode 3, as a spokesman for Cinco, in 2003, Begley wrote and directed the musical Cesar and Ruben. It was performed at the El Portal Theatre in Los Angeles and was revived in 2007, one of Begleys recent acting roles was in the CBS sitcom Gary Unmarried. Begley played Dr. Walter Krandall, the former marriage counselor. Since 2008, he has appeared in a series of DirecTV commercials as a Cable Corp Inc. executive, in 2013, he appeared on the reality television show Beverly Hills Pawn. Begley has three children, a daughter and son from his first marriage, and a daughter from his current marriage
34.
Olympic Peninsula
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The Olympic Peninsula is the large arm of land in western Washington that lies across Puget Sound from Seattle. It is bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, the north by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, Cape Alava, the westernmost point in the contiguous United States, and Cape Flattery, the northwesternmost point, are on the peninsula. Comprising about 3600 square miles, the Olympic Peninsula contained many of the last unexplored places in the contiguous United States and it remained largely unmapped until Arthur Dodwell and Theodore Rixon mapped most of its topography and timber resources between 1898 and 1900. The Olympic Peninsula is home to temperate forests, including the Hoh, Queets Rain Forest. The Olympic mountain range sits in the center of the Olympic Peninsula and this range is the second largest in Washington State. Its highest peak is Mt. Olympus, natural lakes on the peninsula including, Lake Crescent, Lake Ozette, Lake Sutherland, Lake Quinault, and Lake Pleasant. Two dammed rivers form the reservoirs of Lake Cushman and Wynoochee Lake, within the Olympic National Forest, there are five designated wilderness areas, The Brothers, Buckhorn, Colonel Bob, Mt. Skokomish, and Wonder Mountain. Just off the west coast is the Washington Islands Wilderness, clallam and Jefferson Counties, as well as the northern parts of Grays Harbor and Mason Counties, are on the peninsula. The Kitsap Peninsula, bounded by the Hood Canal and the Puget Sound, is an entirely separate peninsula and is not connected to the Olympic Peninsula. From Olympia, the capital, U. S. Route 101 runs along the Olympic Peninsulas southern edge. Most of the peninsula has a climate, or Cfb under the Köppen climate classification. Most populated areas, however, have a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, the Olympic Peninsula is represented in the U. S. House of Representatives by Derek Kilmer
35.
Washington (state)
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It was admitted to the Union as the 42nd state in 1889. Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State or the State of Washington to distinguish it from Washington, Washington is the 18th largest state with an area of 71,362 square miles, and the 13th most populous state with over 7 million people. Washington is the second most populous state on the West Coast and in the Western United States, Mount Rainier, an active stratovolcano, is the states highest elevation at almost 14,411 feet and is the most topographically prominent mountain in the contiguous United States. Washington is a leading lumber producer and its rugged surface is rich in stands of Douglas fir, hemlock, ponderosa pine, white pine, spruce, larch, and cedar. Manufacturing industries in Washington include aircraft and missiles, shipbuilding and other equipment, lumber, food processing, metals and metal products, chemicals. Washington has over 1,000 dams, including the Grand Coulee Dam, built for a variety of purposes including irrigation, power, flood control, the Washington Territory was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States. The area was part of a region called the Columbia District after the Columbia River. The area was renamed Washington in order to avoid confusion with the District of Columbia, Washington is the only U. S. state named after a president. To distinguish it from the U. S. capital, which is named for George Washington, Washington is sometimes referred to as Washington State, or, in more formal contexts. Washingtonians and other residents of the Pacific Northwest refer to the state simply as Washington, calling the nations capital Washington, D. C. or, often, Washington is the northwestern-most state of the contiguous United States. Washington is bordered by Oregon to the south, with the Columbia River forming the western part, to the west of Washington lies the Pacific Ocean. The high mountains of the Cascade Range run north-south, bisecting the state, from the Cascade Mountains westward, Western Washington has a mostly marine west coast climate, with mild temperatures and wet winters, autumns and springs, and relatively dry summers. The Cascade Range contains several volcanoes, which reach altitudes significantly higher than the rest of the mountains, from the north to the south, these major volcanoes are Mount Baker, Glacier Peak, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Adams. Mount Rainier, the tallest mountain in the state, is 50 miles south of the city of Seattle and it is also covered with more glacial ice than any other peak in the contiguous 48 states. Western Washington also is home of the Olympic Mountains, far west on the Olympic Peninsula and these deep forests, such as the Hoh Rainforest, are among the only temperate rainforests in the continental United States. Eastern Washington – the part of the state east of the Cascades – has a dry climate. It includes large areas of steppe and a few truly arid deserts lying in the rain shadow of the Cascades. Farther east, the climate becomes less arid, with annual rainfall increasing as one goes east to 21.2 inches in Pullman, the Okanogan Highlands and the rugged Kettle River Range and Selkirk Mountains cover much of the northeastern quadrant of the state
36.
Port Townsend, Washington
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Port Townsend /ˈtaʊnzənd/ is a city in Jefferson County, Washington, United States. The population was 9,113 at the 2010 census, an increase of 9. 3% over the 2000 census and it is the county seat and only incorporated city of Jefferson County. The Port Townsend Historic District is a U. S. National Historic Landmark District, the bay was originally named Port Townshend by Captain George Vancouver in 1792. It was immediately recognized as a safe harbor, although strong south winds. The official European-American settlement of the city of the name took place on April 24,1851. American Indian tribes located in what is now Jefferson County in the century included the Chimakum, Hoh, Klallam, Quinault. Port Townsend is also called the City of Dreams because of the speculation that the city would be the largest harbor on the west coast of the United States. By the late 19th century, Port Townsend was a seaport, very active. Many homes and buildings were built during that time, with most of the architecture ornate Victorian, during this period, in 1888, the Port Townsend Police Department was established. Railroads were built to more areas in the 1870-1890s and Port Townsend was to be the northwest extension of the rail lines. Its port was large and frequented by vessels, so shipping of goods. Many of the buildings were built on the speculation that Port Townsend would become a shipping port. When the depression hit, those plans lost the capital to continue and rail lines ended on the east side of Puget Sound, mainly in Tumwater, Tacoma, by the late 1890s, the boom was over. Without the railroad to spur growth, the town shrank. Over the decades that followed, Port Townsend maintained its stability in a variety of ways. Many people left the area and many buildings were abandoned, Port Townsends economy was very weak until the 1920s when a paper mill was built on the edge of the town. The bay is now home to Naval Magazine Indian Island, the US Navys primary munitions handling dock on the Pacific coast, since the 1970s new residents, including many retirees, have moved to town. The waterfront retail district has restaurants, services and tourist destinations, since 1999, the city has had an annual international film festival in September
37.
Fort Worden
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Fort Worden and accompanying Fort Worden State Park are located in Port Townsend, along Admiralty Inlet in Washington state. It is situated on 433 acres originally built as a United States Army installation for the protection of Puget Sound, Fort Worden was named after U. S. Navy Rear Admiral John Lorimer Worden, commander of the USS Monitor during the American Civil War. Fort Worden was an active US Army base from 1902 to 1953 and it was purchased by the State of Washington in 1957 to house a juvenile detention facility. In 1971, use was transferred to the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission, Fort Worden, on the Quimper Peninsula, at the extreme northeastern tip of the Olympic Peninsula, sits on a bluff near Port Townsend, anchoring the northwest side of the triangle. The three posts were designed to prevent a hostile fleet from reaching such targets as the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, the forts never fired a hostile shot and the guns were removed during World War I for use in Europe. Subsequently, Fort Worden was used for training a variety of military personnel, construction on Fort Worden began in 1897 and continued in one form or another until the fort was closed in 1953. The property was owned and the government had to clear title to the land through condemnation proceedings. The Army Corps of Engineers took charge of building the construction dock, warehouses, to meet construction needs, the Army laid a pipeline from Port Townsend and pumped water into large storage tanks inside the fort. The arrival of wet weather slowed progress on the batteries. It took 200 men almost three years to complete the excavation and concrete work for the gun emplacements, in March 1900, the fort was ready for installation of the initial armaments. Sixteen artillery pieces, shipped from the armory at Columbus, Ohio, a special tramway was constructed to haul the heavy artillery pieces from the dock area to top of the bluff. In March 1901 the guns were moved to their positions and mounted in the batteries. Fort Worden was activated in 1902, the 126th Coast Artillery Company, consisting of 87 soldiers, commanded by Captain Manus McCloskey, was the first detachment assigned to Fort Worden. They arrived from Seattle on board the steamer SS Majestic on May 3,1902, twenty-three permanent buildings were under construction at a cost of $59,450. A communication system, connecting the three forts by cable, was installed in 1903, on September 4,1904, the headquarters of the Harbor Defense Command of Puget Sound was transferred from Fort Flagler to Fort Worden along with the 6th Artillery Band. Once work on the batteries and army post had been completed. By the fall of 1905, Fort Worden was fully staffed with four Coast Artillery companies, the initial armaments consisted of six gun emplacements, Batteries Ash, Powell, Brannon, Quarles, Randol, and Vicars. Between 1905 and 1910, six additional gun emplacements were added, Batteries Tolles, Stoddard, Benson, Putnam, Walker, during World War I, the complement at Fort Worden was greatly expanded as soldiers arrived for training prior to being sent to European battlefields
38.
Naval Air Station Pensacola
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Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola, The Cradle of Naval Aviation, is a United States Navy base located next to Warrington, Florida, a community southwest of the Pensacola city limits. Because of contamination by metals and other hazardous materials during this history. Navy, U. S. Marine Corps and U. S. Coast Guard, the NATTC facility at NAS Pensacola is also home to the USAF Detachment 1, a GSU whose home unit is the 359th TRS located at Eglin AFB. Detachment 1 trains over 800 Airmen annually in three structural maintenance disciplines, Low Observable, Non-Destructive Inspection, and Aircraft Structural Maintenance. TRAWING SIX consists of the Training Squadron 4 Warbucks, Training Squadron 10 Wildcats and Training Squadron 86 Sabrehawks, flying the T-45C Goshawk, the 479 FTG is a tenant activity at NAS Pensacola and a geographically separated unit of the 12th Flying Training Wing at Randolph AFB, Texas. The 479 FTG operates USAF T-6A Texan II and T-1A Jayhawk aircraft, a total of 131 aircraft operate out of Sherman Field, generating 110,000 flight operations each year. The site now occupied by NAS Pensacola has been controlled by varying nations, in 1559, Spanish explorer Don Tristan de Luna founded a colony on Santa Rosa Island, considered the first European settlement of the Pensacola area. The Spanish built the wooden Fort San Carlos de Austria on this bluff in 1697-1698, although besieged by Indians in 1707, the fort was not taken. Spain was competing in North America with the French, who settled lower Louisiana, the French destroyed this fort when they captured Pensacola in 1719. After Great Britain defeated the French in the Seven Years War and exchanging some territory with Spain, British colonists took over this site, in 1781, as an ally of the American rebels during the American Revolutionary War, the Spanish captured Pensacola. Britain ceded West Florida to Spain following the war, the Spanish completed the fort San Carlos de Barrancas in 1797. Barranca is a Spanish word for bluff, the natural feature that makes this location ideal for the fortress. Pensacola was taken by General Andrew Jackson in November 1814 during the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States, British forces destroyed Fort San Carlos as they swept through the area. The Spanish remained in control of the region until 1821, when the Adams-Onís Treaty confirmed the purchase of Spanish Florida by the United States, in 1825, the US designated this area for the Pensacola Navy Yard was designated and Congress appropriated $6,000 for a lighthouse. Operational that year, it is said to be haunted by a light keeper murdered by his wife, Fort Barrancas was rebuilt, 1839-1844, the U. S. Army deactivating it on 15 April 1947. Designated a National Historic Site in 1960, control of the site was transferred to the National Park Service in 1971, after extensive restoration during 1971-1980, Fort Barrancas was opened to the public. Navy captains William Bainbridge, Lewis Warrington, and James Biddle selected the site on Pensacola Bay, Construction began in April 1826, and the Pensacola Navy Yard, also known as the Warrington Navy Yard, became one of the best equipped naval stations in the country. Pensacola Navy Yard was built with enslaved labor, Captain Lewis Warrington The first Commandant of the Pensacola Navy Yard complained to the Board of Navy Commissioners “neither laborers nor mechanics are to be obtained here
