Ancient Egyptian units of measurement
The ancient Egyptian units of measurement are those used by the dynasties of ancient Egypt prior to its incorporation in the Roman Empire and general adoption of Roman, Greek, and Byzantine units of measurement. The units of length seem to have originally been anthropic, based on various parts of the human body, although these were standardized using cubit rods, strands of rope, and official measures maintained at some temples.
Cubit rod from the Turin Museum.
A bronze capacity measure inscribed with the cartouches of the birth and throne names of Amenhotep III of the 18th Dynasty
Problem 80 on the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: As for vessels (debeh) used in measuring grain by the functionaries of the granary: done into henu, 1 hekat makes 10; 1⁄2 makes 5; 1⁄4 makes 2+1⁄2; etc.
Green glazed faience weight discovered at Abydos, inscribed for the high steward Aabeni during the late Middle Kingdom
Ancient Roman units of measurement
The units of measurement of ancient Rome were generally consistent and well documented.
Bronze modius measure (4th century AD) with inscription acknowledging Imperial regulation of weights and measures
A Roman steelyard weight of one dodrans, i.e. 3⁄4 libra
