André Paul Guillaume Gide was a French author whose writings spanned a wide variety of styles and topics. He was awarded the 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature. Gide's career ranged from his beginnings in the symbolist movement, to criticising imperialism between the two World Wars. The author of more than fifty books, he was described in his obituary in The New York Times as "France's greatest contemporary man of letters" and "judged the greatest French writer of this century by the literary cognoscenti."
André Gide
Gide in 1893
Gide photographed by Ottoline Morrell in 1924.
André Gide by Paul Albert Laurens (1924)
The anti-Stalinist left is a term that refers to various kinds of Marxist political movements that oppose Joseph Stalin, Stalinism, Neo-Stalinism and the system of governance that Stalin implemented as leader of the Soviet Union between 1924 and 1953. This term also refers to the high ranking political figures and governmental programs that opposed Joseph Stalin and his form of communism, such as Leon Trotsky and other traditional Marxists within the Left Opposition. In Western historiography, Stalin is considered one of the worst and most notorious figures in modern history.
Rosa Luxemburg's political legacy was criticized by Stalin after he rose to power.
Bolshevik revolutionary Leon Trotsky was exiled by Stalin in February 1929. Trotsky would become the most vocal and prominent critic of Stalinism in the early 20th century.
A Diego Rivera mural (Man, Controller of the Universe) depicts Trotsky with Marx and Engels as a true champion of the workers' struggle.
Tito was a heavy critic of Stalin after their split in 1948.