André Masséna
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André Masséna, prince d'Essling, duc de Rivoli, was a French military commander of the French Revolutionary Wars and the Napoleonic Wars. He was one of the original eighteen Marshals of the Empire cre
Portrait of Masséna made c. 1853 after an 1804 original by Antoine-Jean Gros
Commemorative bas-relief at Masséna's childhood home in Levens, Alpes-Maritimes, installed on the bicentenary of his birth in 1958.
André Masséna as lieutenant-colonel of the 2nd Var Battalion in 1792. Portrait by Ferdinand Wachsmuth, 1834.
Masséna as a general of the French Revolutionary Army, 1796
Auguste de Marmont
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Auguste Frédéric Louis Viesse de Marmont, duc de Raguse was a French general and nobleman who rose to the rank of Marshal of the Empire and was awarded the title Duke of Ragusa. In the Peninsular War,
André Masséna
…disappointed by the failure of the invasion of Portugal, openly expressed his discontent to Masséna, who finally had to hand over his command to Marshal Marmont on 11 May 1811. Back in France, he was poorly received by the Emperor, who declared to him: "So, Prince of Essling, you are no longer Masséna?" Masséna's…
Portrait by Andrea Appiani, 1798
Marmont as Marshal of the Empire, by Jean-Baptiste Paulin Guérin (1837)
Equestrian portrait of Marmont
Heraldic achievement of Auguste-Frédéric-Louis Viesse de Marmont, Duke of Ragusa