1.
Italy
–
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
Italy
–
The
Colosseum in Rome, built c. 70 – 80 AD, is considered one of the greatest works of
architecture and
engineering of ancient history.
Italy
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Flag
Italy
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The
Iron Crown of Lombardy, for centuries symbol of the
Kings of Italy.
Italy
–
Castel del Monte, built by German Emperor
Frederick II,
UNESCO World Heritage site
2.
Alex Caffi
–
Alessandro Alex Caffi is a former Formula One driver from Italy. He participated in 75 Grands Prix, debuting on September 7,1986, in 2006 he raced in the inaugural season of the Grand Prix Masters formula for retired Formula One drivers. Caffi was born in Rovato, in Northern Italy and he spent three years in Italian Formula Three from 1984 to 1986, finishing runner-up in 1984 and 1985, then third in 1986. 1986 also saw him land a drive with the Osella Formula One team. 1986 Caffi was handed his Formula One debut by Osella, at his, and the home race. Qualifying 27th and last in his FA1H Caffi drove sensibly and steadily to stay out of trouble and come home last of the runners, albeit six laps down,1987 Osella were impressed by his sensible approach, and signed him for a full season in 1987. The Alfa Romeo powered FA1I was uncompetitive and unreliable, Caffi finished no races out of 16 and failed to qualify twice, though he was classified once. At the opening round, the Brazilian Grand Prix, Caffi retired after 21 laps due to exhaustion as the heat and physically demanding nature of the car proved too much. The San Marino Grand Prix, three weeks later, provided Caffi with his only classification of the year, 12th, despite running out of five laps from the finish. Despite finishing so few races, none were down to driver error,19881988 saw Caffi switch to the new Scuderia Italia team. Not surprisingly, Caffi failed to pre-qualify, Caffis third retirement in a row in Mexico and failure to qualify in Canada only added to the nightmare. Form during the five races was patchy. 1988 concluded with a brace of retirements in Japan, where he spun off, for the second season in a row Caffi was unclassified in the Drivers Championship. 1989 Scuderia Italia expanded to an outfit for the 1989 season. As with the year, Caffi failed to pre-qualify for the opening round in Brazil. Momentum continued onto Monaco with another top-10 in qualifying, 9th, followed by the first Formula One points for himself and the team with an excellent drive to 4th. A second points finish of 6th in Canada was another highlight, four points and 19th in the Drivers Championship were Caffis rewards. Caffi was signed to drive the second A11 alongside another Italian,1985 World Drivers Championship runner-up Michele Alboreto, injury caused by a pre-season cycling accident forced Caffi to sit out the opening race in the United States, with German Bernd Schneider filling the gap
Alex Caffi
–
Caffi in
1991.
3.
Brazil
–
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. As the worlds fifth-largest country by area and population, it is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language. Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest, home to wildlife, a variety of ecological systems. This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries, Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral, who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire. Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808, when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, in 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Independence was achieved in 1822 with the creation of the Empire of Brazil, a state governed under a constitutional monarchy. The ratification of the first constitution in 1824 led to the formation of a bicameral legislature, the country became a presidential republic in 1889 following a military coup détat. An authoritarian military junta came to power in 1964 and ruled until 1985, Brazils current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. The federation is composed of the union of the Federal District, the 26 states, Brazils economy is the worlds ninth-largest by nominal GDP and seventh-largest by GDP as of 2015. A member of the BRICS group, Brazil until 2010 had one of the worlds fastest growing economies, with its economic reforms giving the country new international recognition. Brazils national development bank plays an important role for the economic growth. Brazil is a member of the United Nations, the G20, BRICS, Unasul, Mercosul, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, CPLP. Brazil is a power in Latin America and a middle power in international affairs. One of the worlds major breadbaskets, Brazil has been the largest producer of coffee for the last 150 years and it is likely that the word Brazil comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. In Portuguese, brazilwood is called pau-brasil, with the word brasil commonly given the etymology red like an ember, formed from Latin brasa and the suffix -il. As brazilwood produces a red dye, it was highly valued by the European cloth industry and was the earliest commercially exploited product from Brazil. The popular appellation eclipsed and eventually supplanted the official Portuguese name, early sailors sometimes also called it the Land of Parrots. In the Guarani language, a language of Paraguay, Brazil is called Pindorama
Brazil
–
Megaliths in the
Solstice Archaeological Park, in
Amapá, erected between 500 and 2000 years ago, probably to carry out
astronomical observations.
Brazil
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Flag
Brazil
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Representation of the landing of
Pedro Álvares Cabral in
Porto Seguro, 1500.
Brazil
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Painting showing the arrest of
Tiradentes; he was sentenced to death for his involvement in the best known
movement for independence in Colonial Brazil.
4.
Roberto Moreno
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Roberto Pupo Moreno, usually known as Roberto Moreno and also as Pupo Moreno, is a Brazilian racing driver. He participated in 75 Formula One Grands Prix, achieved 1 podium and he raced in CART in 1986, and was Formula 3000 champion before joining Formula One full-time in 1989. He returned to CART in 1996 where he enjoyed an Indian summer in 2000 and 2001, away from the sport, he enjoys building light aeroplanes. Moreno was known as the Super Sub late in his career as he was used to replace injured drivers several times, after winning the 1976 Brazilian 125cc Karting championship, Moreno set his sights on getting to Europe. He arrived in England in 1979, to race in his first season in Formula Ford and he was the driver, the mechanic and used to tow the car on a trailer. Ralt owner/designer Ron Tauranac lent Moreno an old shed to work out of as his home base and he had a couple of good results, and these convinced Ralph Firman, Sr. to sign him as a works Van Diemen driver for the 1980 season. Whilst driving for Firman, he would win the Townsend Thoresen British Formula Ford title, meanwhile, in Europe, he drove the same car to three more victories, earning himself second place in the EFDA Townsend Thoresen Euroseries Formula Ford 1600 Championship. His also finished 4th in the RAC British series and 6th the P&O Ferries series and he then rounded out the season by winning the Formula Ford Festival. Moreno’s success alerted the attention of no lesser person than Colin Chapman, Roberto only returned to Europe in 1981, because Chapman had given him a F1 testing contact with enough money to continue racing. With these funds, he raced Formula Three, but money was tight, in a supporting race at the 1982 United States Grand Prix West in Long Beach. Later in 1982, he made another big impression by winning the Grand Prix de Trois-Rivières, in this period, Moreno was a popular triple winner of the Australian Grand Prix in 1981,1983 and 1984, before it became a Formula One World Championship race from 1985. These wins came in the days when the Grand Prix was a Formula Mondial race held at Melbournes 1.6 km Calder Park Raceway. In the only Australian Grand Prix he competed in but did not win during the period, he finished third behind future four time World Champion Alain Prost, and Ligier F1 driver Laffite. In all of his pre-F1 Australian Grand Prix drives, Moreno drove a Formula Pacific or Formula Mondial Ralt RT4 powered by a 1.6 litre Ford 4cyl engine. Prior to this, Theodore Racing’s Jan Lammers broke a thumb during the Detroit Grand Prix and team owner Teddy Yip wanted Moreno to take over the seat, then in during the race in Montréal, Mansell injured his wrist, allowing for Moreno to stand in. Moreno failed to come to grips with the Lotus 91, with his best qualifying lap over two seconds away from making the grid. At the end of 1982, Lotus released him from his duties as test driver and he was to get another chance, but that Dutch race handicapped him for a number of years. At the end of the 1987 season he was called up to replace Pascal Fabre for the AGS team at the Japanese Grand Prix
Roberto Moreno
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Moreno in 1997
Roberto Moreno
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Moreno at the
1982 Dutch Grand Prix.
Roberto Moreno
–
Moreno driving for
Benetton at the
1991 United States Grand Prix.
Roberto Moreno
–
Moreno spent his last season of Formula One with the
Forti team.
5.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
United Kingdom
–
Stonehenge, in
Wiltshire, was erected around 2500 BC.
United Kingdom
–
Flag
United Kingdom
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The
Bayeux Tapestry depicts the
Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.
United Kingdom
–
The
Treaty of Union led to a single united kingdom encompassing all Great Britain.
6.
Perry McCarthy
–
Perry McCarthy is a British racing driver, who drove in Formula One in 1992 before moving into sportscars, including driving in the 24 Hours of Le Mans five times between 1996 and 2003. McCarthy also portrayed The Stig in the first two series of BBC motoring show Top Gear, born in Stepney, East London, McCarthy grew up to work for his fathers company servicing North Sea oil rigs. Unlike most Formula One drivers, McCarthy did not start racing in karts, in 1991, McCarthy was chosen to test for the Footwork Formula One team. The team was uncompetitive, disorganized and poorly managed, and after a battle to gain an FIA Super Licence the season soon descended into farce. McCarthy, frequently denied more than a handful of laps in which to prepare and his Grand Prix debut at Spain lasted eighteen metres down the pit lane in pre-qualifying. The team folded before the end of the season in controversial circumstances, McCarthy did not race in Formula One after 1992, but tested for both Williams and Benetton teams during the 1990s. He was denied a permanent role as test driver at Benetton because he was covering for their normal test driver, Alessandro Zanardi and he had little success at Williams because he did not see eye to eye with the engineers and the position was then given to David Coulthard. After a brief retirement, McCarthy returned to car racing, appearing at Le Mans in 2002. McCarthy was the original, black-suited Stig, who left after the first two series and he provided commentary on F1 races for the BBC in 2009. McCarthy now works as an ambassador and after-dinner speaker for corporations around the world. In 2002, McCarthy wrote an autobiography, titled Flat Out, Flat Broke and it detailed his career, and the hardships he faced while trying to break into Formula One. In the second edition of book, McCarthy revealed that he was Top Gears The Stig
Perry McCarthy
–
McCarthy in 2003
7.
Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems
–
Coloni Motorsport, also known as Scuderia Coloni, is an auto racing team from Italy. Formed by Enzo Coloni in 1982, the participated in Formula Three between 1983 and 1986, before racing in Formula One as Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems between 1987 and 1991. They made 82 attempts to part in a Formula One race. Since then, under the management of Enzo Colonis son Paolo, between 2006 and 2009 the team ran under the name of Fisichella Motor Sport, with support from Formula One driver Giancarlo Fisichella. The team was founded in 1983 by Enzo Coloni, a driver from Perugia. It is located in Passignano sul Trasimeno, Coloni competed during the 1970s and after participating in the Italian Formula 3 series for several years, he won the drivers title in 1982 when he was 36 years old. Before that, Coloni, who was called the wolf, had also taken part in two Formula Two races, one in 1980 with the San Remo team and another one in 1982 with the Minardi team. At the end of 1982, he gave up racing and started managing his own team. Success came almost immediately, the won the 1984 Italian Formula 3 championship with Ivan Capelli. In 1986, Coloni Motorsport appeared in Formula 3000, entering an out-dated March 85B with drivers like Nicola Larini, the Formula 3000 attempt was unsuccessful. Nonetheless the team progressed to Formula One the next year, the FIAs announcement that turbos would be banned from Formula One from 1989 - making the sport more affordable — was the trigger for Enzo Coloni to enter the category. Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems made its first appearance in Formula One at the 1987 Italian Grand Prix in September 1987, the yellow painted FC187, powered by a Novamotor-prepared Cosworth DFZ, was a simple machine designed by former Dallara apprentice Roberto Ori. Coloni himself had carried out the drive but Nicola Larini was the race driver. The car was not ready and Larini did not qualify. The Italian recorded Coloni’s first Formula One race start at the 1987 Spanish Grand Prix, the team did not fly to the end of year overseas races that year, so Larini’s retirement from the Spanish Grand Prix that year ended their first season. They were, of course, 16th and last in the Constructors Championship, the 1988 season was the teams first full season and started well. Although the new FC188 was almost identical with its predecessor, Colonis new driver Gabriele Tarquini qualified regularly and this turned out to be Colonis best result in Formula One. Due to a shortage of funds very little development work was done during the year, the team’s performance suffered as a result and qualification or even prequalification were no longer certain
Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems
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Scuderia Coloni
Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems
–
Coloni's former logo
Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems
–
The
1989 Monaco Grand Prix was the only race in which two Colonis qualified.
Raphanel leads
Piquet through the tunnel.
Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems
–
The
1989 Coloni FC188B being demonstrated in 2008.
8.
Formula One
–
Formula One is the highest class of single-seat auto racing that is sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de lAutomobile. The FIA Formula One World Championship has been the form of racing since the inaugural season in 1950. The formula, designated in the name, refers to a set of rules, the F1 season consists of a series of races, known as Grands Prix, held worldwide on purpose-built F1 circuits and public roads. The results of each race are evaluated using a system to determine two annual World Championships, one for drivers, one for constructors. The racing drivers are required to be holders of valid Super Licences, the races are required to be held on tracks graded 1, the highest grade a track can receive by the FIA. Most events are held in locations on purpose-built tracks, but there are several events in city centres throughout the world. Formula One cars are the fastest road racing cars in the world. Formula One cars race at speeds of up to approximately 375 km/h with engines currently limited in performance to a maximum of 15,000 RPM, the cars are capable of lateral acceleration in excess of five g in corners. The performance of the cars is very dependent on electronics – although traction control and other driving aids have been banned since 2008 – and on aerodynamics, suspension, the formula has radically evolved and changed through the history of the sport. F1 had a global television audience of 425 million people during the course of the 2014 season. Grand Prix racing began in 1906 and became the most popular internationally in the second half of the twentieth century. The Formula One Group is the holder of the commercial rights. Its high profile and popularity have created a major merchandising environment, since 2000 the sports spiraling expenditures and the distribution of prize money favoring established top teams have forced complaints from smaller teams and led several teams to bankruptcy. On 23 January 2017 it was confirmed that Liberty Media had completed its $8 billion acquisition of Delta Topco, the Formula One series originated with the European Grand Prix Motor Racing of the 1920s and 1930s. The formula is a set of rules that all cars must meet. Formula One was a new formula agreed upon after World War II during 1946, the first world championship race was held at Silverstone, United Kingdom in 1950. A championship for constructors followed in 1958, national championships existed in South Africa and the UK in the 1960s and 1970s. Non-championship Formula One events were held for years, but due to the increasing cost of competition
Formula One
–
Juan Manuel Fangio 's
1951 title-winning
Alfa Romeo 159
Formula One
–
Formula One
Formula One
–
Stirling Moss 's
Lotus 18 at the
Nürburgring during
1961
Formula One
–
Nigel Mansell 's
Williams FW10 from
1985
9.
1992 South African Grand Prix
–
The 1992 South African Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Kyalami circuit in Midrand, South Africa on 1 March 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season and was contested over 72 laps. It was the 32nd South African Grand Prix, and the 22nd as part of the World Championship. Nigel Mansell dominated the weekend in his new Williams FW14, taking pole position, fastest lap, Mansells team-mate, Riccardo Patrese, asserted the dominance of the car by completing a 1-2 finish. Ayrton Senna completed the podium for the McLaren team, Formula One returned to post-apartheid South Africa which had not hosted a Grand Prix since the controversial 1985 event, held during Premier P. W. Bothas state of emergency. It returned to a new Kyalami circuit, which had a different layout, Mansell took pole position by almost three-quarters of a second from Senna, and set a lap time over 1.5 seconds faster than his team-mate Patrese. Senna completed the front-row in an updated MP4/6B as the teams 1992 chassis would not be ready until the Brazilian Grand Prix, nevertheless, Berger also managed to set a time quicker than that of Patreses meaning he started the race from third position, and the Italian in fourth. Karl Wendlinger did well to position his March up in seventh place, Wendlinger was ahead of Schumachers team-mate Martin Brundle, who had qualified eighth, and the other Ferrari of Ivan Capelli, who was ninth. Andrea de Cesaris completed the top ten in his Tyrrell in a time three seconds behind Mansells. The race was an uneventful start to the season as Mansell lead the race from lights to flag. Even Patrese, who turned out to be Mansells closest challenger for the victory, Senna drove well to ensure he remained in the podium places with a 1991 car, as did Schumacher, who gained from his qualifying position to complete the race in fourth place. Berger finished in place and nearly 40 seconds behind his team-mate. Johnny Herbert finished in place and took the final point for Lotus. Coincidentally, Mansell also won this race in a Williams, while Berger finished fifth in an Arrows, the McLaren team used the previous years MP4/6 in this race and the next, as the MP4/7A was not ready. The Coloni team had purchased by the Andrea Moda fashion company. Caffi drove in the Thursday morning acclimatisation session, but thereafter the team was excluded, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 South African Grand Prix
–
Circuit Kyalami in South Africa
10.
Judd (engine)
–
Judd is a name brand of engines produced by Engine Developments Ltd. a company founded in 1971 by John Judd and Jack Brabham in Rugby, Warwickshire, England. Judd has provided engines for many series, including Formula One and other smaller formula series, sports car racing. They have been associated with such as Yamaha, MG. As a result of Jack Brabhams long standing relationship with Honda, after the demise of Formula Two at the end of the 1984 season, Judd continued to develop new engines for Honda. The first was the Judd AV, a turbocharged V8 engine built for Hondas CART campaign and it was first used on the CART circuit midway through the 1986 season, fielded by Galles Racing and driver Geoff Brabham. It was initially badged as the Brabham-Honda, and scored a 4th-place finish at the 1986 Michigan 500, in 1987, the engine was used for the first time at the Indianapolis 500. Brabham scored second-place finishes in 1987 at Pocono and Road America, the engine became known for its reliability and superior fuel mileage. However, it was at a power disadvantage compared to the top engine of the time. In 1988, Truesports with driver Bobby Rahal took over as the team. During the 1988 season, Rahal took advantage of the reliability in the 500-mile races, finishing 4th at Indy. He then scored the first and only Indycar victory for the Judd engine at the Pocono 500 and his ten top-10 finishes led to an impressive 3rd-place finish in the season points standings. Judd continued to build upgrades to the AV into the early 1990s, when Honda moved into the new Formula 3000 series, Judd again developed the companys engine. Based on the architecture of the AV, the new BV V8 was a naturally aspirated variant, after the companys departure from Formula One, Judd returned to Formula 3000 in 1995 with the development of the 3 litre KV V8 engine. Judd built the engines that every Formula 3000 team used, although Zytek was tasked with maintaining the over 80 engines after they were built. Although Judd stopped production of the KV and the Formula 3000 series ended in 2004, in 1988, in conjunction with March Engineering, Judd made the move into the recently reintroduced normally aspirated variant of Formula One, which would completely replace turbocharged cars in 1989. The first Formula One engine developed by Judd, the CV, was built to the 3.5 litre engine formula for naturally aspirated engines, the engine shared many design features with the Judd BV engine, but was expanded to 3.5 litres. March Engineering were the first team who signed to use the Judd CV, reigning World Constructors Champion Williams was later forced also to turn to Judd, after they lost their supply of Honda engines for 1988. In addition, Ligier also bought CVs for use in the 1988 season, construction of the CV continued as a cheaper alternative for smaller teams, however
Judd (engine)
–
Engine Developments Limited
Judd (engine)
–
1989 Judd AV engine
Judd (engine)
–
1993 Yamaha OX10A engine, a variant of the Judd GV engine.
11.
Pole position
–
The game was designed by Tōru Iwatani, who had also designed the Gee Bee games and Pac-Man. It was the most popular arcade game of 1983. Pole Position was released in two configurations, an upright cabinet, and an environmental/cockpit cabinet. By 1983, it had become the highest-grossing arcade game that year in North America and it was the most successful racing game of the classic era, spawning ports, sequels, and a Saturday morning cartoon, although the cartoon had nothing in common with the game. The game established the conventions of the game genre and its success inspired numerous imitators. Pole Position is regarded as one of the most influential games of all time. In this game, the controls a Formula One race car. After qualifying, the player races against seven other CPU-controlled cars in a championship race, the player must also avoid going off the road so that he or she will not crash into the billboards. Pole Position was the first racing game to feature a track based on a real racing circuit. It was also the first game to feature a qualifying lap, once the player has qualified, they must complete the race in the time allowed, avoiding collisions with CPU-controlled opponents and billboards along the sides of the track. The games publisher Atari publicized the game for its unbelievable driving realism in providing a Formula 1 experience behind a racing wheel, for manufacture and distribution in the United States, Namco approached Bally Midway with a choice of two games in 1982. Bally Midway chose Mappy while Atari was left to publish Pole Position, the game ran on the Namco Pole Position hardware, which was the first to use 16-bit microprocessors, with two Zilog Z8002 processors. It was also capable of displaying up to 3840 colors, the game was an early example of product placement within a video game, with billboards around the track advertising actual companies. Other billboards appeared in both versions, the game was also featured in a TV commercial shown only on MTV. It was part of a series of TV spots that Atari created in the 1980s exclusively for MTV and they also praised the sound effects and solid, realistic graphics, stating it has very rich color images and dimensional depth to the graphics. They also praised the graphics and breathtaking scenery as well as the two-heat format for the race itself. Computer and Video Games also reviewed the version in 1983. They compared it favorably with Turbo, stating that, while Turbo featured better landscapes, it cant match the speed, thrills and skill behind this new race game
Pole position
–
Arcade flyer
12.
1992 Belgian Grand Prix
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The 1992 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Spa-Francorchamps on 30 August 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. The race was won by Benettons Michael Schumacher, the first of his record 91 Grand Prix wins, the Benetton B192s win also marks the last F1 win of Grand Prix car with an H-Pattern manual gearbox. Second and third for Williams drivers Nigel Mansell and Riccardo Patrese secured for the team their first Constructors title since 1987, eighteen cars finished, the highest number of finishers for the season, though Érik Comas was injured in a crash during practice and did not make the start. Coming across the stricken car Ayrton Senna stopped on the track to help Comas. Comas had been knocked unconscious but quickly came around, emanuele Naspetti made his Grand Prix debut for the March team. Pre-qualifying was not held for the first time in 1992 after Brabham failed to arrive, during the race, Senna had shown strong pace in the opening laps. However, he gambled that the rain would stop and therefore did not need to change to rain tyres, johnny Herbert retired his Lotus from eighth place due to an engine problem just 10 seconds before Michael Schumacher crossed the line for the first win of his career. Herbert was classified in thirteenth place, bold text indicates the World Champions. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Belgian Grand Prix
–
1992 Belgian Grand Prix
13.
1992 Formula One season
–
The 1992 Formula One season was the 46th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. It featured the 1992 FIA Formula One World Championship, which commenced on 1 March 1992, Nigel Mansell won the Drivers Championship, and Williams-Renault won the Constructors Championship, their first Constructors Championship since 1987. Mansell became the first driver in Formula One history to win nine races in a single season and he sealed the title as early as August. Reigning champion Ayrton Senna managed three wins but trailed Mansell, Riccardo Patrese and young German Michael Schumacher in the championship. Schumacher took his first race win of 91 at the Belgian Grand Prix, the following teams and drivers competed in the 1992 FIA Formula One World Championship. The four major teams all kept at least one driver from 1991, McLaren kept reigning World Champion Ayrton Senna and Austrian Gerhard Berger from the 1991 season Williams likewise retained Nigel Mansell and Riccardo Patrese. Ferrari replaced Alain Prost with Ivan Capelli Benetton retained Michael Schumacher, further down the grid, the Jordan team took a risk by replacing both drivers after their successful debut season. Jordan also switched from Ford V8 engines and ran Yamaha V12s instead, brabham went on to hire the first female F1 driver since Desiré Wilson in 1980 season as the experienced but struggling British marque hired Giovanna Amati as its second driver. The impoverished Coloni team had sold and renamed Andrea Moda Formula. This was the first of 2 seasons in Formula Ones history where the calendar had races on all 6 inhabited continents, in terms of safety, this season saw the introduction of stricter pre-season crash tests and the official use of a Safety Car in the sport. The season started off in South Africa at a whole new Kyalami circuit near the high city of Johannesburg where Mansell took pole ahead of Senna, Berger, Patrese, Alesi. At the start, Patrese blasted by both McLarens and Berger lost out to both Alesi and Schumacher as well, the order was, Mansell, Patrese, Senna, Alesi, Schumacher and Berger. Mansell quickly pulled away from Patrese who was no pressure at all from Senna. Alesi was well behind Senna and had a gap to Schumacher. The pit stops changed nothing and the order was still the same, nothing changed until Alesis engine failed on lap 41, promoting everyone behind him up the order. Andrea de Cesaris was briefly sixth and in the points but he held the only for one lap until his engine failed as well. Mansell won an opening race easily with Patrese making it a Williams 1–2 ahead of Senna, Schumacher, Berger. Mansell had duly won the previous South African Grand Prix, held in 1985 in a Williams-Honda and it also had a dauntingly fast final corner called the Peraltada which was 180 degrees and banked
1992 Formula One season
–
Nigel Mansell won the Drivers' Championship with
Williams.
1992 Formula One season
–
Mansell's team-mate
Riccardo Patrese finished as runner-up in the Drivers' Championship.
1992 Formula One season
–
Michael Schumacher (pictured in 2005) ranked third for
Benetton in the Drivers' Championship.
1992 Formula One season
–
Williams Renault won the Constructors Championship
14.
Scuderia Coloni
–
Coloni Motorsport, also known as Scuderia Coloni, is an auto racing team from Italy. Formed by Enzo Coloni in 1982, the participated in Formula Three between 1983 and 1986, before racing in Formula One as Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems between 1987 and 1991. They made 82 attempts to part in a Formula One race. Since then, under the management of Enzo Colonis son Paolo, between 2006 and 2009 the team ran under the name of Fisichella Motor Sport, with support from Formula One driver Giancarlo Fisichella. The team was founded in 1983 by Enzo Coloni, a driver from Perugia. It is located in Passignano sul Trasimeno, Coloni competed during the 1970s and after participating in the Italian Formula 3 series for several years, he won the drivers title in 1982 when he was 36 years old. Before that, Coloni, who was called the wolf, had also taken part in two Formula Two races, one in 1980 with the San Remo team and another one in 1982 with the Minardi team. At the end of 1982, he gave up racing and started managing his own team. Success came almost immediately, the won the 1984 Italian Formula 3 championship with Ivan Capelli. In 1986, Coloni Motorsport appeared in Formula 3000, entering an out-dated March 85B with drivers like Nicola Larini, the Formula 3000 attempt was unsuccessful. Nonetheless the team progressed to Formula One the next year, the FIAs announcement that turbos would be banned from Formula One from 1989 - making the sport more affordable — was the trigger for Enzo Coloni to enter the category. Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems made its first appearance in Formula One at the 1987 Italian Grand Prix in September 1987, the yellow painted FC187, powered by a Novamotor-prepared Cosworth DFZ, was a simple machine designed by former Dallara apprentice Roberto Ori. Coloni himself had carried out the drive but Nicola Larini was the race driver. The car was not ready and Larini did not qualify. The Italian recorded Coloni’s first Formula One race start at the 1987 Spanish Grand Prix, the team did not fly to the end of year overseas races that year, so Larini’s retirement from the Spanish Grand Prix that year ended their first season. They were, of course, 16th and last in the Constructors Championship, the 1988 season was the teams first full season and started well. Although the new FC188 was almost identical with its predecessor, Colonis new driver Gabriele Tarquini qualified regularly and this turned out to be Colonis best result in Formula One. Due to a shortage of funds very little development work was done during the year, the team’s performance suffered as a result and qualification or even prequalification were no longer certain
Scuderia Coloni
–
Scuderia Coloni
Scuderia Coloni
–
Coloni's former logo
Scuderia Coloni
–
The
1989 Monaco Grand Prix was the only race in which two Colonis qualified.
Raphanel leads
Piquet through the tunnel.
Scuderia Coloni
–
The
1989 Coloni FC188B being demonstrated in 2008.
15.
1989 Portuguese Grand Prix
–
The 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Autódromo do Estoril in Estoril, Portugal on 24 September 1989. The 71-lap race was the thirteenth of the 1989 Formula One season and it was won by Gerhard Berger to take his first, and only, victory of the season for Ferrari. Mansell had just been black flagged at the time of incident for reversing back into his pit box after overshooting it during a stop, the podium was completed by Stefan Johansson, who took both his last and Onyxs only podium, and also Onyxs last points. During the race, Pierluigi Martini managed to lead a lap for the time in both his and Minardis time in Formula One. Ten drivers from ten different teams finished in the top ten places in the race, the race was also Alain Prosts 150th Grand Prix start, and Colonis last, though it attempted races for another two years without a single start. Ayrton Senna took his tenth pole position of the season by six tenths of a second from the Ferrari of Gerhard Berger. Alain Prost could only set a lap fast enough for fourth in his McLaren, Pierluigi Martini put in an impressive performance to qualify his Minardi in fifth place, albeit seven tenths slower than Prost. His team-mate, Luis Pérez-Sala, also did well to qualify the car in ninth place, alex Caffi qualified his Dallara in seventh position, sandwiched by the two Williamses of Patrese and Boutsen, with Boutsen ahead. Martin Brundle completed the top ten in qualifying, followed by his Brabham team-mate Stefano Modena, eventual podium finisher Stefan Johansson put his Onyx into twelfth on the grid, despite having to pre-qualify and his team-mate failing to do so. However, while Pirelli had produced better qualifying rubber, the Goodyears were still acknowledged as having superior race tyres, Berger had a great start and managed to overtake Senna. Mansell was in third followed by Prost, Martini and Patrese, Berger quickly opened a lead while Senna was trying to keep Mansell behind. Then Mansell finally managed to overtake Senna and started to catch Berger, as the two Ferraris caught up with the slower cars and were starting to lap them, Mansell managed to overtake Berger. Positions at lap 24 were, Mansell, Berger, Senna, Prost was the first of the leaders to pit for new tyres from fourth position. He was quickly followed by Berger on lap 35 and then by Senna, then came the crucial moment of the race. Mansell came into the slightly too fast, locked his tyres. Although his pit crew moved down the pit lane to try to change his tyres where he had stopped, Mansell engaged reverse gear and drove backwards the short distance into the correct spot. After the leaders went to pit for tyres, Pierluigi Martini led a lap in the Minardi, Berger, Senna and Mansell quickly overtook Martini and Mansell closed on Senna. However, as driving a car in reverse in the pit lane was expressly forbidden, at the start of lap 48 Mansell tried to overtake Senna, the cars collided and both drivers were out
1989 Portuguese Grand Prix
–
1989 Portuguese Grand Prix
16.
Gabriele Tarquini
–
Gabriele Tarquini is an Italian racing driver. He participated in 78 Formula One Grands Prix, debuting on May 3,1987 and he scored 1 championship point, and holds the record for the most failed attempts to qualify. He has subsequently raced successfully in Touring Cars, winning the BTCC in 1994, the ETCC in 2003, on 22 November 2009 he won the 2009 FIA World Touring Car Championship title at the age of 47 years and 266 days. This made him the oldest ever champion in an FIA series. By 1985 he was driving in Formula 3000, spending three seasons with underfunded outfits and his best result was 2nd at Imola in 1987, by which time he had already made his Grand Prix debut in a one-off drive for Osella at the 1987 San Marino Grand Prix. He joined Colonis Grand Prix team for 1988, having driven for them in F3000 in 1986, the season saw a prequalifying system being put in place as there were 31 entrants for a maximum 30 places in qualifying proper. Tarquini signed to drive for the FIRST team and drove for them at the Formula One Indoor Trophy, following Philippe Streiffs career-ending pre-season testing crash, Tarquini joined Joachim Winkelhock in the AGS team from the second round of the series. There he finished a fine 8th on the road, being promoted to 6th after the exclusion of Thierry Boutsen and he was then one of the stars of the weekend in Monaco, threatening to qualify in the top 6 before ending up 13th on the grid. In the race he advanced to a strong 4th before being sidelined by an electrical problem, more bad luck followed at Phoenix where Tarquini was holding 6th despite technical problems before Boutsen passed him on the final lap. At the wet Canadian Grand Prix Tarquini again ran well until being shoved off the track by René Arnoux. The series then moved to faster tracks where the AGS was less competitive, the expanding entry list meant prequalifying was much different to 1988, consisting of an hour-long free-for-all session on Friday morning between the less successful cars. The team were even more severe financial constraints for 1991. Tarquini made it through into three races, finishing a worthy 8th in the opener at Phoenix but financial constraints meant after Monaco the AGS didnt make the grid again. Late in the season the team sold his contract to Gabriele Rumis ambitious Fondmetal outfit in time for the Spanish Grand Prix. He was signed for a year in 1992, showing some good speed in the neat. However, his car only finished once and despite some fine qualifying efforts the team struggled to find funding, folding after the following Italian Grand Prix and he replaced Ukyo Katayama for the European round as the Japanese driver was injured from his start line accident in the previous race. Out of practice with single seaters he finished 14th, six laps down on winner Michael Schumacher and it was his final Grand Prix. Tarquini failed to pre-qualify on a record 25 occasions, mainly because he was a regular in the pre-qualifying era, despite this record many consider him to have been a talented driver stuck with uncompetitive machinery
Gabriele Tarquini
–
Tarquini at the
2014 FIA WTCC Race of Belgium.
Gabriele Tarquini
–
Tarquini driving the SEAT Léon at
Brands Hatch in the
2008 WTCC season.
Gabriele Tarquini
–
Tarquini driving for
Lukoil-SUNRED at
Suzuka in the
2011 WTCC season.
Gabriele Tarquini
–
Tarquini competing in the
2014 World Touring Car Championship
17.
1988 Canadian Grand Prix
–
The 1988 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 12 June 1988 at the Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal. The Canadian Grand Prix returned to the Formula One calendar after a years absence, the McLarens once again dominated qualifying, with Ayrton Senna taking his fifth consecutive pole position by just under 0.2 seconds from Alain Prost. Also achieving its best-ever grid placing was EuroBrun, as Stefano Modena took 15th, the Saturday session saw Derek Warwick suffer a big accident in his Arrows. Turning into the chicane into the new start-finish straight, Warwick slid on dirt kicked up moments before by Streiffs AGS, the Arrows spun onto the inside kerb and became airborne, then bounced several times before hitting what is now known as the Wall of Champions at unabated speed. Warwick was briefly knocked unconscious and hurt his back, but nonetheless took up his 16th position on the grid, the first person to reach Warwick was fellow Briton Nigel Mansell who had suffered a similar crash at Suzuka the previous year. Warwick had come to rest directly opposite the Williams pit and Mansell immediately jumped the pit wall, Williams said that for better or worse you need an association with a major manufacturer to be success in Formula One. It would prove to be a successful partnership with Williams winning 5 Constructors and 4 Drivers World Championships using the Renault V10s until the end of 1997. At this, another circuit notoriously heavy on fuel for the turbos, despite this, the leading atmo team Benetton were reasonably confident about the race and the B188s of Nannini and Boutsen allegedly went to the grid with 215 litres of fuel on board. Prost led from the start, away from Senna, the Ferraris, on lap 19 while coming up to traffic, Senna managed to pass his team mate at the LEpingle hairpin to take a lead he would not lose. Alessandro Nannini retired from fourth position just past the pits with problems on lap 15 while Berger retired with engine problems at the same place on lap 23. The same happened five laps later to his team mate Riccardo Patrese, with many of the front runners out, minor teams had a clear chance of scoring points. By the middle of the race Philippe Streiff brought his AGS up to the fifth place and this allowed Ivan Capelli to put in the most surprising performance of the day, taking his March-Judd to the fifth place. Ayrton Senna won,5.9 seconds ahead of Prost with Boutsen 45.5 seconds behind Prost in third, piquet was fourth in the Lotus, albeit a lap down on Senna, with Capelli finishing fifth in the March. The final point surprisingly went to Jonathan Palmer in the troublesome Tyrrell 017, Warwick also had to endure the turbo pop-off valve cutting in early leaving him with less than desirable power from his turbo engine and an increasingly sore back from his accident the previous day. Senna set the lap record with a 1,24.973 on lap 53 of the 69 lap race. This compared to Nelson Piquets previous lap record set in 1986 of 1,25.443 set in a Williams-Honda when the cars had approximately 400 bhp more than 1988. Boutsens third place was the first time since the 1983 Dutch Grand Prix that a naturally aspirated powered car finished on a Formula One podium. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1988 Canadian Grand Prix
–
Ayrton Senna took
pole position and the race win for
McLaren.
1988 Canadian Grand Prix
–
Alain Prost finished just under six seconds behind his team-mate.
1988 Canadian Grand Prix
–
Thierry Boutsen took the final podium position for
Benetton.
1988 Canadian Grand Prix
–
Gerhard Berger retired his
Ferrari with electrical problems on lap 23.
18.
Simtek
–
Simtek was an engineering consultancy firm and Formula One racing team. The Formula One engineering consultancy arm, Simtek Research, was founded in 1989 by Max Mosley and it originally was involved in many areas of Formula One, including wind tunnel construction and chassis building for third parties. Simtek Grand Prix, the team, launched in 1993. With large debts and a lack of money, Simtek went into voluntary liquidation in June 1995. Simtek Research was founded in August 1989 by Nick Wirth and Max Mosley aiming to provide a design, research. Initially working out of an office in Wirths home, the company grew quickly and moved to its own facility, including a windtunnel, on the Acres Industrial Estate in Banbury, Simteks clients included the FIA, F1 constructors Ligier and numerous Formula 3000 and Indycar teams. In 1990 Simtek designed a Formula One car for BMW who were making plans to found a works team, the project was aborted, and BMW instead entered the German Touring Car Championship in 1991, the BMW 3-series cars being run by Simtek engineers. The BMW F1 car design was revived, updated and sold to Andrea Moda Formula to compete in the 1992 season, in 1992, after becoming president of the FIA, Mosley sold his share in Simtek to Wirth. In 1993, Simtek were commissioned to design a car for the new Bravo Grand Prix team, however following the death of Bravos project backer, Jean François Mosnier. In August 1993, Nick Wirth took the decision to enter Formula One with his own team for the 1994 season, triple world champion Jack Brabham became a shareholder in Simtek Grand Prix, and his son David Brabham was signed as a driver before the end of 1993. Andrea de Cesaris and Gil de Ferran, both carrying sponsorship money, were considered for the second seat but negotiations broke down. Frenchman Jean-Marc Gounon was also considered, but already had commitments for the start of the season so eventually 31-year-old F1 rookie Roland Ratzenberger took the place, charlie Moody, a former Leyton House manager, was appointed Simteks team manager. The company secured customer Ford HB V8 engines from Cosworth, and prior to the season starting, Wirths initial design for the 1994 race car included active suspension, a technology used by Williams to win both the drivers and constructors championships in 1992 and 1993. However, active suspension was banned prior to the start of the 1994 season, the company employed 35 people, the least number of any team competing in Formula One during 1994, and only 10% of the number employed by Scuderia Ferrari. These deficits showed at the first race of the 1994 season, Brabham qualified in 26th and last place while Ratzenberger failed to qualify. Brabham finished the race 12th, but all cars behind him retired, the next race saw both Simteks qualifying but again occupying the back of the grid. Brabham retired early with a failure, and Ratzenberger finished 11th. The next round was the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix, during the Saturday qualifying session, Ratzenberger left the track during an out-lap dislodging his front wing
Simtek
–
Roland Ratzenberger 's Simtek at the
1994 San Marino Grand Prix, prior to his fatal accident.
19.
BMW
–
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, usually known under its abbreviation BMW, is a German luxury vehicle, motorcycle, and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It is one of the luxury automakers in the world. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, BMW owns Mini cars and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW was established as a business entity following a restructuring of the Rapp Motorenwerke aircraft manufacturing firm in 1912 named Aerowerke Gustav Otto, after the end of World War I in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft-engine production by the terms of the Versailles Armistice Treaty. The company consequently shifted to production as the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted in 1923. BMWs first significant aircraft engine, and commercial product of any sort, was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, known for good fuel economy, with German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the Luftwaffe. The factory in Munich made ample use of forced labour, foreign civilians, prisoners of war, the few Me 262 A-1b test examples built used the more developed version of the 003 jet, recording an official top speed of 800 km/h. The first-ever four-engine jet aircraft flown were the sixth and eighth prototypes of the Arado Ar 234 jet reconnaissance-bomber. Through 1944 the 003s reliability improved, making it a power plant for air frame designs competing for the Jägernotprogramms light fighter production contract. Which was won by the Heinkel He 162 Spatz design, the BMW003 aviation turbojet was also under consideration as the basic starting point for a pioneering turboshaft powerplant for German armored fighting vehicles in 1944–45, as the GT101. Towards the end of the Third Reich, BMW developed some military aircraft projects for the Luftwaffe, the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built. By the year 1958, the division of BMW was in financial difficulties. It was decided to carry on by trying to cash in on the current economy car boom exploited so successfully by German ex-aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt, BMW bought the rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta. BMWs version of the cars were to be powered by a modified form of BMWs motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet, since 1959, the controlling majority shareholder of the BMW Aktiengesellschaft has been the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in public float, BMW acquired the Hans Glas company based in Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. Glas vehicles were badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. However, this factory was outmoded and BMWs biggest immediate gain was, according to themselves, the Glas factories continued to build a limited number of their existing models, while adding the manufacture of BMW front and rear axles until they could be closer incorporated into BMW
BMW
–
BMW headquarters in
Munich, Germany
BMW
–
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
BMW
–
BMW Headquarters in Munich. The towers and museum are visible in the back right.
BMW
–
BMW Isetta with a front opening door.
20.
Andrea Moda S921
–
The Andrea Moda S921 was a Formula One car designed by Simtek and used by the Andrea Moda Formula team in the 1992 Formula One season. It was driven by the experienced Brazilian Roberto Moreno and Englishman Perry McCarthy, the S921 used the Judd GV V10 engine. The plans for the car had been purchased from Nick Wirths Simtek Research, the design was then revived and updated, two chassis were built for Moreno and McCarthy. The car was unsuccessful and its best result was at the 1992 Monaco Grand Prix, Moreno managed to get through the Friday pre-qualifying session. He managed 11 laps, reaching as high as 19th place before retiring with engine failure, the team was expelled from the championship after team owner Andrea Sassetti was arrested at Spa for financial irregularities. The team did still turn up at Monza for the next Grand Prix but was banned from entering the paddock, the team finished last in the Constructors Championship, with no points. Lapped Legends F1 STATS Andrea Moda profile on F1 Rejects Andrea Moda profile on Chequered Flag Motorsports Car Statistics on STATSF1 Running on Empty ESPN F1 Story
Andrea Moda S921
–
Andrea Moda S921
21.
V10 engine
–
A V10 engine is a V engine with 10 cylinders in two banks of five. It is longer than a V8 engine but shorter than an engine or V12 engine. The V10 is essentially the result of mating two even-firing straight-5 engines together, the straight-5 engine shows first and second order rocking motion. Here it should be assumed that the crankshaft with low second-order vibration is used, by mating the straight-5 banks at 90 degrees and using five throws, the balance shafts balance each other and become null. Using an 18° split journal crankshaft the firing order can be even. A 36° degree bank angle and a 108° flying arm crankshaft would allow even firing without a balance shaft and smaller counterweights, but would be impractical. Until recently, the V10 configuration was not a configuration for road cars. For Audi in their Audi R85 and it discontinued in that application after 2003. However,2003 also saw the introduction of the Dodge Ram SRT-10, the Viper engine has been tweaked through the years, and for the fifth-generation Viper produces 640 hp in a standard state of tune from its 8.4 liter displacement. The previous generation engine is used by Bristol, in tuned form, in their two-seat Fighter coupe, ford also developed a heavy-duty V10 version of their Triton engine to replace the 460 big block in truck applications. It was introduced in the E-Series/Econoline full-size van, the F-Series Super Duty and Excursion SUV furthered the engines popularity. The Triton 6.8 V10 is still in production today, european marques were slower to adopt the V10 configuration. However, high-revving V10 power-plants were incorporated into supercars from Lamborghini, BMW and Audi later unveiled ten-cylinder versions of their mid-range saloons. Audi here profited from their Lamborghini ownership, which allowed them to source the Gallardos V10 for their own cars, Volkswagen also developed a turbodiesel V10, their Volkswagen Phaeton was the first production sedan to have a V10. A list of post-war V10-engined production cars, The most widespread use of the V10 has been in Formula One racing, alfa Romeo made the first modern Formula One V10 in 1986, although it was never used in a Formula One car. Later the configuration was introduced by Honda and Renault before the 1989 season, the introduction of the 3.5 liter rule after turbos were outlawed following 1988 made the V10 seem the best compromise between the lower weight of a V8 and the higher power of a V12. V10 engines became commonplace after the reduction from 3.5 to 3 liters in 1995, Renault had a more flat 110° angle in 2002 and 2003, but reverted to a more conventional 72° following the change in rules which dictated that an engine must last two race weekends. The Audi R15 LMP1 Uses a TDI V10 Diesel Engine which made its debut in 200912 Hours of Sebring and this car completed the most laps ever in Le Mans 24 history
V10 engine
–
The
Dodge Viper V10
V10 engine
–
E60
BMW M5 V10 (
S85)
22.
FIA
–
To the general public, the FIA is mostly known as the governing body for many auto racing events. The FIA also promotes road safety around the world, headquartered at 8 Place de la Concorde, Paris, the FIA consists of 245 national member organisations in 143 countries worldwide. Its current president is Jean Todt, the FIA is generally known by its French name or initials, even in non-French-speaking countries, but is occasionally rendered as International Automobile Federation. Its most prominent role is in the licensing and arbitration of Formula One, the FIA along with the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme also certify land speed record attempts. The International Olympic Committee provisionally recognized the federation in 2011, the Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus was founded in Paris on 20 June 1904, as an association of national motor clubs. The association was designed to represent the interests of car users. In 1922, the AIACR delegated the organisation of automobile racing to the Commission Sportive Internationale, the European Drivers Championship was introduced in 1931, a title awarded to the driver with the best results in the selected Grands Prix. Upon the resumption of racing after the Second World War. The FIA established a number of new racing categories, among them Formulas One and Two, and created the first World Championship, the Formula One World Drivers Championship, in 1950. In Formula One, this led to tension between the teams, which formed themselves into the Formula One Constructors Association founded in 1974, event organisers, under Balestres leadership FISA and the manufacturer-backed teams became involved in a dispute with FOCA. The conflict saw several races being cancelled or boycotted, and large-scale disagreement over the technical regulations, the dispute and the Concorde Agreement that was written to end it, would have significant ramifications for the FIA. The agreement led to FOCA acquiring commercial rights over Formula One, while FISA, Mosley succeeded Balestre as President of the FIA in 1993 and restructured the organisation, dissolving FISA and placing motor racing under the direct management of the FIA. The committee also worked on improving circuit safety and this led to a number of changes at motor racing circuits around the world, and the improvement of crash barriers and trackside medical procedures. The FIA was a member of the European New Car Assessment Programme. Mosley was the first chairman of the organisation, the Competition Directorate of the European Commission and the FIA were involved in a dispute over the commercial administration of motorsport during the 1990s. Mario Monti took over as Commissioner in 1999, and the European Commission opened an investigation into the FIA. In order to compete in events the FIA authorised, the competitor had to apply for a licence and this meant organisers were forced into having their championships promoted by the same company that managed the affairs of other motorsport events, a potential conflict of interest. The combination of these requirements meant Ecclestones Formula One Administration, which now controlled Formula Ones commercial rights, was protected from competition from any rival championships, the investigation was closed in 2001 after the FIA and FOA agreed to a number of conditions
FIA
–
Headquarters of the FIA at the
Place de la Concorde.
FIA
–
Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile
23.
Kyalami
–
Kyalami Racing Circuit is a motor racing circuit located in Midrand, Gauteng province, South Africa. The circuit has used for Grand Prix and Formula One races and has hosted the South African Grand Prix many times. In recent years, the surrounding the circuit has developed into a residential and commercial suburb of Johannesburg. The original, sweeping circuit was in use from 1961 until political sanctions eliminated the Grand Prix after the 1985 race, jukskei Sweep was heavily modified to create the entrance into the bend before the then newly built Pit lane and start/finish straight. Formula One abandoned the rebuilt circuit in 1993 after just two races and a bankruptcy on the part of the promoter and it hosted the South African motorcycle Grand Prix until 1992. Kyalami came under new management and 2008 saw the 50th Anniversary of the 9-Hour revival being held at Kyalami with golden oldies like David Piper, on 6 June 2014, it was announced that Kyalami would be auctioned off on 24 July without reserve. On 24 July 2014, it was auctioned off for R205 million, the winning bidder was Porsche South Africa
Kyalami
–
Ferrari Day at Kyalami
24.
1992 Mexican Grand Prix
–
The 1992 Mexican Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Mexico City on 22 March 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. The race was won by Nigel Mansell ahead of his teammate Riccardo Patrese, on February 20,1992 Mexico city officials put out a smog alert due to the dangerous air pollution levels in the city. Alerts mandated restrictions on operating heavy motorized equipment, the Mexican Grand Prix committee had to delay work paving sections of the track. During Fridays practice Ayrton Senna hit one of the bumps in the Esses, crashed his McLaren, and injured his leg, alex Caffi and Enrico Bertaggia again hoped to race for the Andrea Moda team here but were awaiting new cars so did not compete. This was the first time that neither Brabham made the grid, stefano Modena had to start from the pit lane. Nigel Mansell was obliged to switch to the spare Williams FW14B car for qualifying but this did not faze him, Nigel Mansell dominated the race straight from the pole position, finishing the race 12 seconds ahead of Patrese and 21 seconds ahead of Michael Schumacher. Lap leaders, Nigel Mansell 69 First podium, Michael Schumacher This was the last time that the McLaren team used the MP4/6B and this was the last Mexican Grand Prix until it was revived in 2015. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Mexican Grand Prix
–
1992 Mexican Grand Prix
25.
1992 Brazilian Grand Prix
–
The 1992 Brazilian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Interlagos on 5 April 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. The 71-lap race was won by Williams driver Nigel Mansell after he started from pole position and his teammate Riccardo Patrese finished second and Michael Schumacher took third for the Benetton team. Alex Caffi and Enrico Bertaggia had left the Andrea Moda team with Moreno, michele Alboreto scored his first point in nearly 3 years. Soon after the race, Giovanna Amati was sacked by Brabham team, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Brazilian Grand Prix
–
1992 Brazilian Grand Prix
26.
Williams F1
–
Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited, currently racing in Formula One as Williams Martini Racing, is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor. It was founded and is run by team owner Sir Frank Williams, the team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations, Frank Williams Racing Cars and Wolf-Williams Racing. All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number, Williams first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix, where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève. Williams started manufacturing its own cars the year, and Switzerlands Clay Regazzoni won Williams first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix. Williams won nine Constructors Championships between 1980 and 1997 and this stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000. Each of these drivers, with the exception of Senna and Button, have captured one title with the team. Of those who have won the championship with Williams, only Jones, Rosberg, Williams have worked with many engine manufacturers, most successfully with Renault, Williams won five of their nine constructors titles with the French company. Williams F1 also has business interests beyond Formula One racing, in April 2014, Williams Hybrid Power were sold to GKN. Williams Advanced Engineering had a centre in Qatar until it was closed in 2014. Frank Williams started the current Williams team in 1977 after his previous outfit, Frank Williams Racing Cars, despite the promise of a new owner in the form of Canadian millionaire Walter Wolf, the team rebranded as Wolf-Williams Racing in 1976, the cars were not competitive. Eventually Williams left the rechristened Walter Wolf Racing and moved to Didcot to rebuild his team as Williams Grand Prix Engineering, Frank recruited young engineer Patrick Head to work for the team, creating the Williams-Head partnership. In February 2011, Williams F1 announced their intention to float via a public offering on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Swiss-based Bank am Bellevue AG will act as sole global co-ordinator of up to 27. 39% of existing shares, Sir Frank Williams will remain majority shareholder and team principal after the IPO. The shares are valued at between 24 and 29 euros, which values the Williams F1 team at 265 million euros. In February 2017 the shares are divided in this way, Frank Williams 52, 25%, Brad Hollinger 14, 75%, Patrick Head 9%, 20% on the market place. Williams entered a custom March 761 for the 1977 season, lone driver Patrick Nève appeared at 11 races that year, starting with the Spanish Grand Prix. The new team failed to score a point, achieving a best finish of 7th at the Italian Grand Prix, for the 1978 season, Patrick Head designed his first Williams car, the FW06. Williams signed Australian Alan Jones, who had won the Austrian Grand Prix the previous season for a devastated Shadow team following the death of their lead driver, Tom Pryce
Williams F1
–
The
Williams FW06 from 1978, being raced at
Silverstone in 2007.
Williams F1
–
Williams-Mercedes
Williams F1
–
Keke Rosberg 's Williams FW08. This car was used during the
1982 season where Rosberg won the Drivers' Championship recording only a single win over the course of the season.
Williams F1
–
Nigel Mansell 's Williams FW10. This car was used during the
1985 season.
27.
The Stig
–
The Stig is a character on the British motoring television show Top Gear. The character is a play on the anonymity of racing drivers full-face helmets, the Stigs primary role is setting lap times for cars tested on the show, as well as instructing celebrity guests, off-camera, for the shows Star in a Reasonably Priced Car segment. The identity of the original Black Stig, Perry McCarthy, was exposed by a Sunday newspaper in January 2003, and confirmed by McCarthy later that year. The black-suited Stig was subsequently killed off that October in the series 3 premiere, in series 13 episode 1, the show jokingly unmasked the Stig as seven-time world champion F1 driver Michael Schumacher. In the hiatus following series 15, racing driver Ben Collins was revealed to be the Stig in a battle over Collins impending autobiography. In series 16, debuting in December 2010, Collins was replaced by a second White Stig, the relaunched show introduced a live studio audience, the Stig, a racetrack, and madcap stunts. Clarkson is credited by the Sunday Times with having come up with the idea for the Stig. Clarkson and Wilman wanted to have a racing driver as part of the shows cast. Clarkson then asked Wilman why the driver needed to speak at all, the name Stig derives from Wilman and Clarksons time at Repton School, where new boys had always been called Stig. According to the original Stig, Perry McCarthy, speaking in 2006, after McCarthy objected, they settled upon the name Stig. McCarthy had said of the idea at the time that I dont want to be remembered as the Gimp. When introducing the Stig in the Top Gear premiere, Clarkson said, We dont know its name, we dont know its name, nobody knows its name. According to the Daily Mail in 2010, his face is never revealed on set and he stays suited and with his helmet on throughout the show, arriving early and leaving late, having his own dressing room and eating privately, if he does eat. The studio audience has no access to him at any time, in 2009, another Times article reiterated that only a few production staff, the shows presenters and other BBC journalists knew the Stigs true identity. He would speak as little as possible in the backstage areas, McCarthy also explained that hiding his identity while coaching the celebrities for Star in a Reasonably Priced Car proved difficult. He said that he did reveal his identity while coaching Ross Kemp and David Soul, as he had previously known them. For other drives, if celebrities asked if he was a particular person, adding that more often than not, the suggestion was Michael Schumacher. The Stig is never shown talking on screen, although he does talk with celebrities off-camera while training them to drive around the track, Clarkson has joked that he is not a very talkative chap
The Stig
–
The Stig on display at the
National Motor Museum,
Beaulieu
The Stig
–
The Stig (Black)
The Stig
–
The Stig
28.
BBC
–
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, the BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Governments objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing, supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blakes Jerusalem signifying that England had been saved, Reith argued that trust gained by authentic impartial news could then be used
BBC
–
BBC Television Centre at
White City, West London, which opened in 1960 and closed in 2013
BBC
–
BBC Pacific Quay in
Glasgow, which was opened in 2007
BBC
–
BBC New Broadcasting House, London which came into use during 2012–13.
BBC
–
The headquarters of the BBC at
Broadcasting House in
Portland Place, London, England. This section of the building is called 'Old Broadcasting House'.
29.
Top Gear (2002 TV series)
–
Top Gear is a British television series about motor vehicles, primarily cars. It is a version of the original 1977 show of the same name, airing since 2002. Following negative feedback for the series, Evans resigned, with the BBC choosing to retain the other five presenters and assigning LeBlanc, Harris, first-run episodes are broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two and BBC Two HD. From series 14–19, before the launch of the dedicated BBC Two HD channel, the series is also carried on cable television systems in the United States via BBC America, in Latin America via BBC Entertainment and in Europe and South-East Asia via BBC Knowledge. Following the decision by the BBC to cancel Top Gear in 2001, Jeremy Clarkson, Lotus assisted in the design of a race circuit at the site for use by the programme. While the celebrity segment was referred to as Star in a Reasonably Priced Car, addition segments were added in – The Cool Wall, in most of the early series, the presenters regularly destroyed a caravan. As a direct result, the ordered that filming continued at Dunsfold during May of that year, despite having no permit to do so. Both the BBC and the Health and Safety Executive carried out inquiries into the accident, later that summer, on 25 July, the BBC aired a special edition episode entitled Top Gear, Polar Special. Popularity the show rose to levels, that the waiting list to get a ticket for a recording was extensive. Featuring breath-taking stunts, amazing special effects and blockbusting driving sequences featuring some of the worlds best precision drivers, the Live tour began on 30 October 2008 in Earls Court, London, moving on to Birmingham in November before being performed in at least 15 other countries worldwide. But ironically, that does mean trying new things to the last, even if they screw up, because, well, it means you never stopped trying. On 1 April 2015, it was announced that the Top Gear Live stage shows were to continue under the banner of Clarkson, Hammond and May Live, shortly afterwards, Richard Hammond also confirmed he would not be returning to the show. On 16 June, later that year, the BBC confirmed that the final films would air as a compilation on 28 June, anchored by Hammond. Production delays and scheduling conflicts led to the series being aired on 29 May 2016. Newspaper articles also highlighted that the show struggled with viewing figures, on 4 July, following the series finale, Evans announced that he would be leaving Top Gear after having hosted only six episodes. The most common used in the show are Car Reviews, Power Laps, Star in a Reasonably Priced Car, Cool Wall. One of the segments of Top Gear, Car Reviews focuses on the presenters conducting a road-test of a car, looking at such factors as ride quality, speed, handling, practicality. Their reviews are conducted on and around Top Gears test track, or on the roads of Britain
Top Gear (2002 TV series)
–
Top: Series 1 host line-up from left to right:
Jason Dawe,
Richard Hammond, and
Jeremy Clarkson. Bottom: The presenters from Series 2 to 22:
James May, Richard Hammond, and Jeremy Clarkson.
Top Gear (2002 TV series)
–
Top Gear
Top Gear (2002 TV series)
–
Jeremy Clarkson 's '"Toybota"'
Hilux pick-up truck from the
amphibious cars challenge.
30.
1992 Spanish Grand Prix
–
The 1992 Spanish Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 3 May 1992 at the Circuit de Catalunya, Barcelona. The 65-lap race was the round of the 1992 Formula One season and was won by Nigel Mansell driving a Williams-Renault. The race was advertised as the Grand Prix of the Olympic Games. The race was moved up from its former September date, damon Hill, son of former world champion Graham Hill, made his debut with the Brabham replacing Giovanna Amati who was dismissed from the team, but did not qualify for the race. As in the three races, Mansell qualified in pole position, ahead of Michael Schumacher, Ayrton Senna, Riccardo Patrese, Ivan Capelli. At the start of the race, in conditions, Patrese got by Schumacher. Ferrari driver Jean Alesi made a start from 8th on the grid to 3rd into the first corner on the first lap, forcing other drivers to take defensive actions. Senna dropped from 3rd all the way to 7th, but, he recovered 2 positions to 5th during the first lap. The order was, Mansell, Patrese, Alesi, Schumacher, Senna, Schumacher attacked and passed Alesi on lap 7. Berger tried to do the same but tipped Alesi into a spin, putting the Frenchman behind Senna, by, now the rain intensified, and Patrese spun off on lap 20 while trying to lap a backmarker. This put Mansell ahead of Schumacher, Senna, Berger, Capelli, Alesi pitted for fresh tyres halfway through the race, and soon began to charge up through the field as the rain intensified. He cruised past Berger for fourth and began to close in quickly on Senna, with two laps to go Senna spun off trying to lap Martini, although he was still classified 9th. At the same time, Capelli spun off as well, Martin Brundle scored his 4th consecutive retirement of the season in his Benetton. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Spanish Grand Prix
–
1992 Spanish Grand Prix
31.
1992 Monaco Grand Prix
–
The 1992 Monaco Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 31 May 1992 at the Monaco. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. The 78-lap race was won by Ayrton Senna after a battle for the lead in the final three laps with Nigel Mansell. Mansell has started from pole position and had been in first place from the start until lap 71 when he had to stop for a new set of tyres after he suspected puncture with his rear tyre. Despite Sennas victory, Mansell proved to be faster during the race, martin Brundle in the second Benetton finished fifth despite having to pit for a new nose cone and tyres after a crash at the Nouvelle Chicane. Bertrand Gachot finished sixth in the points position after having to pre-qualify on Thursday morning and scored Larrousses first. The first five races of the championship had ended with Williams driver Nigel Mansell leading the Drivers Championship by 26 points having achieved five wins in a row. Team-mate Riccardo Patrese was second having claimed 24 and their Williams team was leading the Constructors Championship with 74 points, second-placed Benetton had 20, with their driver Michael Schumacher third place in the drivers championship. Reigning World Champion Ayrton Senna of McLaren was only in fourth place, Ferrari had released a statement in response to Morbidellis testing of the Ferrari F92A saying Capelli had been on holiday but Capelli denied this was the case. Team Lotus also brought a second new 107 chassis for Mika Häkkinen at Monaco as only one 107 had been available for Herbert at San Marino, Michele Alboreto ended up fastest in the session, gaining himself some extra track time. Bertrand Gachot also pre-qualified without drama and finished second fastest with a best time of 1,25.980, Roberto Moreno finished third fastest promoting the Andrea Moda team into the main qualifying session for the first time. Andrea Chiesa was the final pre-qualifier in fourth place with a best time of 1,27.756, perry McCarthy in his Andrea Moda S921 actually only managed two laps at the beginning of the session and subsequently did not record a time. The team wanted his Andrea Moda S921 car to be ready as a spare for his team mate Moreno, two practice sessions were held before the race, the first was held on Friday morning, with the second held on Saturday morning. Both sessions lasted 1 hour and 45 minutes, the first practice session took place under warm and hazy weather conditions. Nigel Mansell was fastest in the first practice session,0.883 seconds ahead of Ayrton Senna in second, with Gerhard Berger in third and Michael Schumacher fourth. Michele Alboreto took advantage of his running in the earlier pre-qualifying session by finishing sixth fastest, with Andrea de Cesariss Tyrrell in seventh. Ferrari tried out a new control device and electronic differential on Jean Alesis F92A car. Alesi still said the engine needed more power and better response though, the qualifying session was split into two one-hour sessions, the first was held on Thursday afternoon with the second held on Saturday afternoon
1992 Monaco Grand Prix
–
Andrea Chiesa 's
Fondmetal spins in front of
Karl Wendlinger 's
March during the Thursday practice session.
Chiesa failed to qualify as he finished 29th fastest, 0.715 seconds slower than
Moreno 's
Andrea Moda.
1992 Monaco Grand Prix
–
1992 Monaco Grand Prix
1992 Monaco Grand Prix
–
Riccardo Patrese finished Saturday qualifying second fastest despite being blocked by
Bertrand Gachot in the final minutes of Saturday qualifying, resulting in a "paddock confrontation" between them.
1992 Monaco Grand Prix
–
Michael Schumacher finished Saturday qualifying sixth fastest.
32.
1992 Canadian Grand Prix
–
The 1992 Canadian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Circuit Gilles Villeneuve on 14 June 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. The 69-lap race was won by McLaren driver Gerhard Berger after he started from fourth position, Michael Schumacher finished second for the Benetton team and Ferrari driver Jean Alesi came in third. Qualifying produced a surprise as Ayrton Senna took pole position in his McLaren while championship leader Nigel Mansell could only manage third and this would turn out to be the only non-Williams pole of 1992, and one of only two not taken by Mansell that season. Rumours suggested that the English driver was under stress, as Williams were negotiating with Alain Prost for 1993, Gerhard Berger took fourth in the other McLaren, followed by Michael Schumacher in the Benetton. Johnny Herbert impressed in the Lotus and took sixth, ahead of Martin Brundle in the second Benetton, the top 10 was completed by the Ferraris of Jean Alesi and Ivan Capelli, and Mika Häkkinen in the second Lotus. At the start Senna took the lead from the two Williams-Renaults with Mansell getting ahead of Patrese then Berger, Schumacher, Herbert and Brundle, the Williams driver was out of the race and accusing Senna of pushing him off. As this was happening Berger had got Patrese to make it a McLaren 1-2, lap 18 saw the exit of Capelli who crashed hard into the wall on the exit of turn 4. On lap 37 Senna retired from the lead with electrical problems, a few laps later Patrese was out as his gearbox failed. Brundle now chased after Berger and set fastest lap but then was forced to retire with transmission problems. Berger was in comfortable lead followed by Schumacher, Katayama was driving a good race but had to retire from 5th on lap 61 when his engine expired. Stefano Modena started the race from the back of the grid, gachot was disqualified for a push start. Last points for the March team, the March cars had lots of local advertising this weekend, apparently due to a newspaper article about the teams financial struggles. Ukyo Katayama was on course to score his first points finish of the season and he pulled back to the pits and retired. The Andrea Moda team had to borrow Judd engines from the Brabham team in order to compete, Nigel Mansells first retirement of the season. First race of the season in which both Williams retired, Mansell crashed out on the start-finish straight and Patrese retired his car in the pits due to a gearbox problem. Ligier scored their first points since the 1989 French Grand Prix almost 3 years prior, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Canadian Grand Prix
–
1992 Canadian Grand Prix
33.
Brabham
–
Motor Racing Developments Ltd. commonly known as Brabham /ˈbræbəm/, was a British racing car manufacturer and Formula One racing team. Founded in 1960 by two Australians, driver Jack Brabham and designer Ron Tauranac, the team won four Drivers, Jack Brabhams 1966 Drivers Championship remains the only such achievement using a car bearing the drivers own name. In the 1960s, Brabham was the worlds largest manufacturer of open wheel racing cars for sale to customer teams, during this period, teams using Brabham cars won championships in Formula Two and Formula Three. Brabham cars also competed in the Indianapolis 500 and in Formula 5000 racing, the team won two more Formula One Drivers Championships in the 1980s with Brazilian Nelson Piquet. He won his first championship in 1981 in the Ground effects BT49-Ford, in 1983 the Brabham BT52, driven by Piquet and Italian Riccardo Patrese, was powered by the BMW M12 Straight-4 engine, and powered Brabham to four of the teams 35 Grand Prix victories. British businessman Bernie Ecclestone owned Brabham during most of the 1970s and 1980s, Ecclestone sold the team in 1988. Its last owner was the Middlebridge Group, a Japanese engineering firm, midway through the 1992 season, the team collapsed financially as Middlebridge was unable to make repayments against loans provided by Landhurst Leasing. The case was investigated by the United Kingdom Serious Fraud Office, in 2009, an unsuccessful attempt was made by a German organisation to enter the 2010 Formula One season using the Brabham name. The Brabham team was founded by Jack Brabham and Ron Tauranac, Brabham was the more successful driver and went to the United Kingdom in 1955 to further his racing career. In 1959 and 1960, Brabham won the Formula One World Drivers Championship in Coopers revolutionary mid-engined cars, despite their innovation of putting the engine behind the driver, the Coopers and their Chief Designer Owen Maddock were generally resistant to developing their cars. Brabham pushed for further advances, and played a significant role in developing Coopers highly successful 1960 T53 lowline car, Brabham describes Tauranac as absolutely the only bloke Id have gone into partnership with. Later, Brabham offered a Coventry-Climax FWE-engined version of the Herald, with 83 hp, to meet that aim, Brabham and Tauranac set up Motor Racing Developments Ltd. deliberately avoiding the use of either mans name. Unveiled in the summer of 1961, the MRD was soon renamed, motoring journalist Jabby Crombac pointed out that way a Frenchman pronounces those initials—written phonetically, em air day—sounded perilously like the French word. Gavin Youl achieved a finish at Goodwood and another at Mallory Park in the MRD-Ford. The cars were known as Brabhams, with type numbers starting with BT for Brabham Tauranac. By the 1961 Formula One season, the Lotus and Ferrari teams had developed the approach further than Cooper. The Brabham Racing Organisation started the year fielding a customer Lotus chassis, Brabham took two points finishes in Lotuses, before the turquoise-liveried Brabham BT3 car made its debut at the 1962 German Grand Prix. It retired with a problem after 9 of the 15 laps
Brabham
–
Jack Brabham was 40 when he won the F1 drivers' title in a Brabham car.
Brabham
–
The
Brabham BT3, the first Brabham Formula One design.
Brabham
–
Brabham BT33. Technically conservative, Brabham did not produce a
monocoque car until 1970.
Brabham
–
Brabham BT34.
Graham Hill took his final Formula One win in the non-championship
BRDC International Trophy at
Silverstone.
34.
1992 French Grand Prix
–
The 1992 French Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Magny-Cours on 5 July 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. A lorry driver blockade meant the Andrea Moda Formula team did not appear at this race, every other team was also affected but all managed to make their way to the circuit and compete in the race. At the start, Patrese got by Mansell while Berger got ahead of Senna, at the Adelaide hairpin, Schumacher tried to pass Senna but instead hit him, taking Senna out and forcing himself to pit. Meanwhile, Patrese and Mansell were side by side but Patrese kept the lead, Patrese led Mansell, Berger, Brundle, Alesi and Häkkinen. Nothing changed until lap 11 when Bergers engine failed, soon afterwards it began to rain so heavily that the race was stopped. After some time the rain decreased and the grid formed up again, the race would be decided on the aggregate times of both parts of the race. Patrese took the lead again with Alesi getting ahead of Mika Häkkinens Lotus as well, Mansell tried to pass his teammate again but Patrese defended and once again kept the lead. Further back, Schumacher again tried too hard, hitting Stefano Modena in the Jordan, Patrese led Mansell, Brundle, Alesi, Häkkinen and Comas on aggregate. Patrese then waved Mansell through on track and soon Mansell got ahead on aggregate, when Patrese was quizzed after the race on whether team orders existed in the Williams team he refused to comment. It began to again and everyone pitted for wets with Alesi leaving the change too late. His engine failed on lap 61, Mansell won with Patrese making it a Williams 1-2 ahead of Brundle, Häkkinen, Comas and Herbert. This was Brundles first podium - he had been disqualified from his podium finish at the 1984 Detroit Grand Prix, thus, at the halfway stage of the season, Mansell led the championship with 66 points compared to Patreses 34. Schumacher was third with 26, Senna was fourth with 18, Berger was fifth with 18, Alesi was sixth with 11, Brundle was seventh with 9 and Alboreto was eighth with 5. In the constructors championship, Williams had 100 points and were ahead of the field, McLaren were second with 36, Benetton were third with 35. Prost had won the French GP in 1981,1983,1988,1989 and 1990 and he was second in 1982,1986 and 1991, and finished third in 1985 and 1987. The only podium he missed from 1981-1991 was at Dijon in 1984 when he finished seventh after problems with a loose wheel, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 French Grand Prix
–
1992 French Grand Prix
35.
1992 British Grand Prix
–
The 1992 British Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held on 12 July 1992 at Silverstone, Northamptonshire. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. The 59-lap race was won by Nigel Mansell for the Williams team, riccardo Patrese finished second in the other Williams car, with Martin Brundle third for the Benetton team. After Mansell won his home Grand Prix, the British spectators invaded the track to congratulate their hero. Mansells car was blocked by the crowd, preventing him from driving back to the pits, eventually Mansell was returned to the pits by track marshals to attend the podium ceremony. Not only had Mansell scored a Grand Slam, he had become the most successful British Formula One driver of all time, future World Champion Damon Hill made his first start, for the Brabham team. Two further future champions scored points, Ayrton Senna retired his McLaren from fourth place due to transmission failure on lap 52, leaving his hopes of retaining the world title minimal. Coincidentally, his car stopped at the spot where he had run out of fuel in the 1991 British Grand Prix and had been classified fourth. Gerhard Bergers McLaren had a problem in the closing stages of the race and he just managed to finish fifth. The Grand Prix was entered by 16 teams, each of two drivers, behind Mansell and Patrese in the Drivers Championship, Michael Schumacher was third on 26 points in a Benetton, with McLaren drivers Ayrton Senna and Gerhard Berger both on 18 points. In the Constructors Championship, Williams were leading with 100 points and McLaren were second on 36 points, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 British Grand Prix
–
1992 British Grand Prix
1992 British Grand Prix
–
Fans invading the track at Copse Corner following Nigel Mansell's victory
36.
1992 Hungarian Grand Prix
–
The 1992 Hungarian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Hungaroring on 16 August 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. Nigel Mansell clinched the Drivers Championship by finishing the race in second position, for the first time since 1986, the Drivers title was not decided in Japan. This was the last time when a driver failed to pre-qualify and this was the last race for Damon Hill in 1992. This was the Brabham teams last race, Damon Hill ran its only car as his teammate Eric van de Poele had joined the Fondmetal team. Andrea Chiesa made way for the Belgian in the Fondmetal, for the last time in their F1 history, neither of the Minardi Cars made the field. This was the last race that required Pre-Qualifying Bold text indicates who still has a chance of becoming World Champion. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Hungarian Grand Prix
–
1992 Hungarian Grand Prix
37.
Autodromo Nazionale Monza
–
The Autodromo Nazionale Monza is a race track located near the city of Monza, north of Milan, in Italy. Built in 1922, it is the worlds third purpose-built motor racing circuit after those of Brooklands, the circuits biggest event is the Formula One Italian Grand Prix. With the exception of 1980, the race has been hosted there since the seriess inception, the circuit is generally flat, but has a gradual gradient from the second Lesmos to the Variante Ascari. Since both maximum power and minimal drag are keys for speed on the straights, only competitors with enough power or aerodynamic efficiency at their disposal are able to challenge for the top places. In addition to Formula One, the hosts a endurance event, the 1000 km Monza, which has been run as part of the World Sportscar Championship. Current major events are races of the World Touring Car Championship, the Monza circuit has been the site of many fatal accidents, especially in the early years of the Formula One world championship, and has claimed the lives of 52 drivers and 35 spectators. The first track was built from May to July 1922 by 3,500 workers, the initial form was a 3.4 square kilometres site with 10 kilometres of macadamised road – comprising a 4.5 kilometres loop track, and a 5.5 kilometres road track. The track was opened on 3 September 1922, with the maiden race the second Italian Grand Prix held on 10 September 1922. In 1928, the most serious Italian racing accident to date ended in the death of driver Emilio Materassi and 27 spectators at that years Grand Prix, the accident led to further Grand Prix races confinement to the high-speed loop until 1932. The 1933 race was marked by the deaths of three drivers and the Grand Prix layout was changed, with two chicanes added and the longer straights removed. There was major rebuilding in 1938–39, constructing new stands and entrances, resurfacing the track, moving portions of the track, the resulting layout gave a Grand Prix lap of 6.300 kilometres, in use until 1954. The outbreak of World War II meant racing at the track was suspended until 1948, Monza was renovated over a period of two months at the beginning of 1948 and a Grand Prix was held on 17 October 1948. In 1954, work began to revamp the circuit, resulting in a 5.750 kilometres course. The two circuits could be combined to re-create the former 10 kilometres long circuit, with cars running parallel on the main straight, the track infrastructure was also updated and improved to better accommodate the teams and spectators. The Automobile Club of Italy held 500-mile Race of Two Worlds exhibition competitions, intended to pit United States Auto Club IndyCars against European Formula One and sports cars. The races were held on the oval at the end of June in 1957 and 1958, ecurie Ecosses three Jaguar D-type sports cars used their Le Mans-specification tyres with no ill-effects, but were completely out paced. Two heats in 1957 were won by Jimmy Bryan in his Kuzma-Offenhauser Dean Van Lines Special, Formula One used the 10 kilometres high speed track in the 1955,1956,1960 and 1961 Grands Prix. Stirling Moss and Phil Hill both won twice in this period, with Hills win at Monza making him the first American to win a Formula One race
Autodromo Nazionale Monza
–
The starting grid of the "
1st Cup Fiera di Milano " race held in 1925.
Autodromo Nazionale Monza
–
Autodromo Nazionale Monza
Autodromo Nazionale Monza
–
The Pista di Alta Velocità banking, 2003.
Autodromo Nazionale Monza
–
The start/finish straight.
38.
1992 Italian Grand Prix
–
The 1992 Italian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Monza on 13 September 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. The 53-lap race was won by McLaren driver Ayrton Senna after he started from second position, Martin Brundle finished second for the Benetton team with his teammate Michael Schumacher in third. Mansell scored his 11th pole position of the season ahead of Senna, Patrese was fourth followed by Berger, Schumacher and Capelli. Gerhard Berger had a problem and started the race from the pit lane in the spare car, at the start Mansell took the lead ahead of Senna who just managed to stay ahead of Alesi then Patrese and Capelli. Schumacher had a poor start selecting a gear and then hit a Ligier from behind at the first chicane. He had to pit for repairs at the end of the first lap, Patrese managed to overtake Alesi at the start of lap 2. The opening laps saw both Berger and Schumacher recovering many positions from the back of the field and overtaking a number of slower cars, at the front Mansell opened a gap with Senna unable to match his pace. The positions were Mansell, Senna with Patrese closing down on him, next Martin Brundle managed to overtake Capelli and moved into 5th position. Lap 12 proved disastrous for the Ferrari team with both retiring, Alesi, who was in 4th, due to a mechanical problem. On lap 14 Patrese overtook Senna and moved into second, meanwhile, Berger pitted for new tyres and dropped back again. On lap 17 the situation was Mansell in first,10 seconds in front of Patrese, fourth was Brundle, some 28 seconds behind Mansell and then Boutsen and Herbert at over 40 seconds from Mansell. Lap 18 saw Herbert retiring from 6th with an engine issue, on lap 20 Patrese suddenly appeared in the lead as Mansell let his teammate take the lead. The order was Patrese followed closely by Mansell and Senna in third, Schumacher overtook Boutsen and moved into 5th place. Positions at lap 27 were,1. Patrese,2. Mansell,3. Senna,4. Brundle,5. Schumacher and 6. Boutsen. On lap 41 Mansell slowed through the Ascari bends and coasted into the pits with gearbox failure from loss of pressure and had to retire. Classification at lap 44 was, Patrese, Senna at 6 secs, Brundle at 28 secs, Schumacher at over 50 secs, then Berger and De Cesaris both a lap down. Patrese led comfortably until 6 laps from the end he suffered a problem, forcing him to slow down
1992 Italian Grand Prix
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1992 Italian Grand Prix
39.
Championship Auto Racing Teams
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Such racing had been sanctioned by the AAA, USAC, SCCA, the CRL, CART, and IndyCar. In its most popular and recent contemporary usage, Champ Car was the given to a governing body formerly known as Championship Auto Racing Teams. The CART series was founded in 1979 by team owners who disagreed with the direction, at the height of the popularity of the series in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was known as the CART/PPG Indy Car World Series. The term Champ Car temporarily disappeared from use, with the more marketable term Indy Car being utilized, in 1996, the open wheel split saw the CART series take a different direction from the newly created Indy Racing League IRL and the Indy 500. Thereafter, it re-branded itself as CART again, and re-booted the term Champ Car as the moniker for the machines used, the series was advertised as CART FedEx Championship Series from 1997 to 2002. CART went bankrupt at the end of the 2003 season, a trio of CART team owners acquired the assets of the sanctioning body and renamed it as the Champ Car World Series, again highlighting the historic Champ Car term. In 1905 the AAA established the national driving championship and became the first sanctioning body for auto racing in the United States, the AAA ceased sanctioning auto racing in the general outrage over motor racing safety that followed the 1955 Le Mans disaster. In response, Indianapolis Motor Speedway president Tony Hulman formed USAC to take over the sanctioning of what was called championship auto racing, USAC sanctioned the championship exclusively until 1978, when a split between USAC and some of the car owners prompted the formation of the rival CART series. The split from USAC was spurred by a group of activist car owners who had grown disenchanted with what they saw as a sanctioning body. Gurney took his inspiration from the improvements Bernie Ecclestone had forced on Formula One with his creation of the Formula One Constructors Association. The White Paper called for the owners to form CART as a group to promote USACs national championship. The group would work to negotiate television rights and race purses. USACs rejection of the led the owners to form a new series in late 1978 under the principles laid out in the Gurney White Paper. The first race was held in March 1979, the newness of the organization, however, prevented it from being recognized by ACCUS, the United States representative to the FIA. An arrangement was reached such that the SCCA would act as the body for the new series. This would allow the events to be listed on the International Motorsports Calendar, the new series quickly gained the support of the majority of team and track owners, with the only notable holdout being A. J. Foyt. This meant that the front and mid-pack teams would be racing in the new CART series, of the 20 races held in 1979,13 were part of the 1979 CART Championship. Of the 10 tracks to host races, five would host CART events exclusively and one, Ontario, by 1982, the CART series was almost universally recognized as the American national championship
Championship Auto Racing Teams
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A. J. Foyt car in 1984.
Championship Auto Racing Teams
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Champ Car
Championship Auto Racing Teams
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Nigel Mansell racing in CART in 1993
Championship Auto Racing Teams
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The Champ Car World Series logo from 2003–2006
40.
1993 IndyCar season
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The 1993 PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 15th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 16 races, nigel Mansell was the national champion as well as the Rookie of the Year. The 1993 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship, Emerson Fittipaldi won the Indy 500, his second career victory in that event. The biggest story going into the season involved Newman/Haas Racing, nigel Mansell, the reigning Formula One World Champion switched from Formula One to the CART IndyCar Series. Mansell joined Newman/Haas Racing as teammate to Mario Andretti, taking the seat held by Michael Andretti. Mansell came to the American open wheel series with considerable fanfare and he won the season-opener at Surfers Paradise, the first CART rookie to win his first start. At Phoenix, Mansell crashed during practice and was forced to sit out the race due to a back injury. At Indianapolis, he was leading the race with 16 laps to go when he was passed on a restart by Emerson Fittipaldi and Arie Luyendyk and he still won the Indy 500 Rookie of the Year award. Despite having missed the race at Phoenix, Mansell won five races en route to the CART championship, after winning his third CART championship in 1992, Bobby Rahal entered the 1993 season driving the R/H chassis. He finished second at Long Beach, but struggled to get his car up to speed, all teams competed with Goodyear tires. Oval/Speedway, Road course/Street circuit Indianapolis was USAC-sanctioned but counted towards the CART title, top result per race counts towards Nations Cup. He also became the first man in history to be the Formula One champion,1993 CART PPG IndyCar World Series standings. PPG Indy Car World Series 1993,1993 PPG Indy Car World Series. Official Box Score, 77th Indianapolis 500-Mile Race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, archived from the original on 12 September 2015
1993 IndyCar season
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Nigel Mansell
41.
Andrea Moda C4B
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An evolution of the C4 was also briefly used by the Andrea Moda team in 1992 as the Andrea Moda C4B. The C4B was replaced by the S921 at the next Grand Prix in Mexico, the C4 was an evolution of Coloni C3 or FC189 from 1989. For the 1991 season, Coloni entrusted the C3C to Perugia University students who developed the car, the C4 chassis differed from the C3 versions by pontoons and a modified air box. The C4 used a Ford Cosworth DFR engine prepared by Langford & Peck for the first half of the season, the Langford & Peck-prepared engine was significantly less powerful than the Hart. Coloni wanted to hire Andrea de Cesaris, but after de Cesaris went to Jordan, Chaves was scheduled to race for the full season but the Portuguese driver failed to pre-qualify for every race he entered. The car was out of date, fragile and hard to handle, along with four other teams, Coloni was forced to participate in pre-qualifying sessions early on Friday mornings, and Chaves was one of eight drivers taking part in those sessions. At the season-opening 1991 United States Grand Prix, Chaves posted a time than Olivier Grouillard and Eric van de Poele. He outpaced only Grouillard in Brazil, and a broken gearbox left him slowest in San Marino, in Monaco he again had only Grouillard behind him, and he was slowest by nearly eight seconds in Canada, despite the new Brian Hart-prepared engine. In Mexico, Chaves was again well off the pace and only Emanuele Pirro was slower, in Belgium Chaves managed to post a faster time than Fabrizio Barbazzas AGS, but in Italy the poorly-maintained Cosworth engine failed to start and Chaves could not post a time at all. The C4 was comfortably the slowest car at Chaves home event in Portugal, and he finally quit the team through lack of mileage in the car and non-payment of his retainer. As Chaves had refused to drive in Spain, Coloni had to find a new driver, in the summer of 1991, Coloni tried an unsuccessful indirect approach to Lamborghini in an attempt to persuade them to merge with the moribund Modena Team. In September 1991, the owner Enzo Coloni sold it for eight dollars to the Italian shoemaker Andrea Sassetti. The team retained the name Coloni Racing for the two rounds of that season but was renamed Andrea Moda Formula in 1992. At the beginning of 1992 Andrea Moda Formula used the C4, renaming it the Andrea Moda C4B, moreover, Sassetti bought Scuderia Italias rear suspension and the semi-automatic cross six-speed box of the Dallara 191. The front suspension and the base of the C4 frame were retained, in the first weeks of 1992, these used parts were fitted to the Coloni C4 by students of the University of Perugia, under the direction of Paul Burgess. At 530 kilograms, the C4B was one of the heaviest cars in Formula One, in early February 1992, Caffi tested the new C4B chassis at the Misano circuit in Italy. Andrea Moda brought the C4B to the event of the 1992 season. A press release announced that Andrea Sassetti had sacked a mechanic after he worked on a second C4B chassis against his instructions
Andrea Moda C4B
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Representation of Coloni C4B
Andrea Moda C4B
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Alex Caffi in 1991
42.
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
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The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is an American multinational tire manufacturing company founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling and based in Akron, Ohio. Goodyear manufactures tires for automobiles, commercial trucks, light trucks, motorcycles, SUVs, race cars, airplanes, farm equipment, the company was named after American Charles Goodyear, inventor of vulcanized rubber. The first Goodyear tires became popular because they were easily detachable, Goodyear is also known for the Goodyear Blimp. Though Goodyear had been manufacturing airships and balloons since the early 1900s, today it is one of the most recognizable advertising icons in America. The company is the most successful tire supplier in Formula One history, with starts, wins. They pulled out of the sport after the 1998 season and it is the sole tire supplier for NASCAR series. Goodyear is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company opened a new headquarters building in Akron in 2013. The first Goodyear factory opened in Akron, Ohio, in 1898, the thirteen original employees manufactured bicycle and carriage tires, rubber horseshoe pads, and poker chips. The company grew with the advent of the automobile, in 1901 Frank Seiberling provided Henry Ford with racing tires. In 1903, Paul Weeks Litchfield was granted a patent for the first tubeless automobile tire, by 1908 Ford was outfitting his Model T with Goodyear tires. In 1909 Goodyear manufactured its first aircraft tire, in 1911 Goodyear started experimenting with airship design. It later manufactured airships and observation balloons for the United States Army Air Service during World War I, the transport and reconnaissance capabilities that Goodyear provided contributed significantly to the Allied victory. In 1916, Litchfield found land in the Phoenix area suitable for growing long-staple cotton, the 36,000 acres purchased were controlled by the Southwest Cotton Company, formed with Litchfield as president. In 1924, Litchfield, as Goodyear Vice President, forged a joint venture with the German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin Company to form the Goodyear-Zeppelin Corporation, by 1926 Goodyear was the largest rubber company in the world. Only four years earlier it was forced to halt production of racing tires due to heavy competition. Nevertheless, the popularity of the Goodyear tire on the circuit led to a popular demand for the return of the brand. On August 5,1927, Goodyear had its public offering and was listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
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Goodyear factory buildings and former headquarters complex
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
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Paul Litchfield, inventor of the tubeless car tire who promoted the Zeppelin partnership and later became Goodyear president and board chairman.
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
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Goodyear Tires advertisement, Syracuse Post-Standard, February 26, 1916
Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company
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KhADI-27, USSR
43.
1992 San Marino Grand Prix
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The 1992 San Marino Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Imola on 17 May 1992. The 60-lap race was the round of the 1992 Formula One season and was won by Nigel Mansell driving a Williams-Renault. This would turn out to be the race of 1992 in which Häkkinen failed to qualify. Mansell took pole position by over a second from Williams team-mate Riccardo Patrese, the McLarens of Ayrton Senna and Gerhard Berger took up the second row, while the Benettons of Michael Schumacher and Martin Brundle filled the third row. The top ten was completed by the Ferraris of Jean Alesi and Ivan Capelli, the Footwork of Michele Alboreto, mansells pole position saw one of Formula Ones hottest streaks come to an end, as Senna had taken pole in each of the previous seven races at Imola. The first start was aborted due to Karl Wendlingers March stalling, stefano Modena started from the pit lane in his Jordan. Mansell led every lap, finishing ten seconds ahead of Patrese. Brundle finished fourth to pick up his first points of 1992, Alboreto finished fifth, and Pierluigi Martini finished sixth, scoring what would prove to be the Dallara teams last point in Formula One. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 San Marino Grand Prix
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1992 San Marino Grand Prix
44.
1992 German Grand Prix
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The 1992 German Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at the Hockenheimring in Hockenheim, Germany on 26 July 1992. The 45-lap race was the round of the 1992 Formula One season and was won by Williams driver Nigel Mansell. Ayrton Senna finished the race in place for the McLaren team whilst Michael Schumacher took the final podium spot in his Benetton. In pre-qualifying, both Andrea Moda cars went out, although Perry McCarthy was excluded from the event after missing a weighbridge check, Nigel Mansell qualified on pole position, ahead of Riccardo Patrese and Ayrton Senna. Stefano Modena, Eric van de Poele, Andrea Chiesa and Damon Hill were the four drivers who did not qualify for the race. For Chiesa, it would prove to be the last time he took part in a Grand Prix event, on the last lap, Riccardo Patrese spun off whilst trying to pass Ayrton Senna for second position. He would end up being classified in eighth position, Mansell held on for the race victory, ahead of Senna in second, whose McLaren car ran out of fuel shortly after crossing the finish line and Michael Schumacher in third. Ayrton Senna dropped out of contention at this race, although it seemed inevitable that only Mansell would be Drivers Champion anyway - he clinched the title at the next race in Hungary. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 German Grand Prix
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1992 German Grand Prix
45.
1992 Portuguese Grand Prix
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The 1992 Portuguese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Autódromo do Estoril on 27 September 1992. It was the round of the 1992 Formula One season. Nigel Mansell won the race from pole position, in the process setting new records for most wins and most points in one season, with McLaren drivers Gerhard Berger and Ayrton Senna second and third. However, the race is best remembered for the accident between Berger and Mansells Williams team-mate Riccardo Patrese, intending to make a pit stop, Berger moved towards the right side of the track at the beginning of the start/finish straight, with Patrese following in his slipstream. Patrese escaped the accident shaken but unhurt, and neither driver was punished by the stewards, before this race, the financially troubled Fondmetal team pulled out of the sport, the third team to do so this season after Brabham and Andrea Moda. This race was the last time a Honda-powered car set the fastest lap until Fernando Alonso repeated the achievement in the 2016 Italian Grand Prix, bold text indicates the World Champions. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Portuguese Grand Prix
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1992 Portuguese Grand Prix
46.
1992 Japanese Grand Prix
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The 1992 Japanese Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Suzuka on 25 October 1992. This was Patreses final Grand Prix victory, in qualifying, Williams Nigel Mansell took his 13th pole position of the season, equalling the record set by Ayrton Senna in 1988 and 1989. Team-mate Riccardo Patrese was alongside him on the front row, while the McLarens of Senna, michael Schumacher in the Benetton was fifth, followed by the two Lotuses of Johnny Herbert and Mika Häkkinen. The top ten was completed by Érik Comas in the Ligier, Andrea de Cesaris in the Tyrrell, Mansell made a fast start and at the end of the first lap led Patrese by three seconds. Senna held on to third before becoming the races first retirement on lap 3 with an engine failure, meanwhile, Larini, who had qualified 11th, stalled on the grid and fell to last, while Boutsens gearbox failed on lap 4. Berger made a pit stop and rejoined the race in sixth place, behind Schumacher. On lap 13, Schumacher retired with gearbox failure, his only retirement of the year. On lap 36, Mansell slowed and Patrese moved ahead, the following lap, Comas retired with an engine failure. On lap 45, both Mansell and Häkkinen suffered engine failures of their own, this moved Berger and Brundle into second, bold text indicates the World Champions. Note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Japanese Grand Prix
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1992 Japanese Grand Prix
47.
1992 Australian Grand Prix
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The 1992 Australian Grand Prix was a Formula One motor race held at Adelaide on 8 November 1992. It was the sixteenth and final round of the 1992 Formula One season, the most significant moment was a collision between Ayrton Senna and Nigel Mansell as the Brazilian attempted to overtake the Englishman, eliminating both drivers. This was intended to be Mansells final Formula One race before moving to IndyCars and it was also rumored that it would be the last race for Ayrton Senna at McLaren, however this would ultimately prove false as the Brazilian would remain with the Woking based team for 1993. Nicola Larini started this race from the back of the grid, jordan scored their only point of the season with Stefano Modena, while Thierry Boutsen scored his only 1992 season points, and indeed the last points of his career. Benettons double podium finish ensured that they scored points in every round and this was McLarens final race using a Honda engine until 2015. The company ceased their full involvement in the sport following this race. They returned in 2000 as engine supplier to BAR, for both the Dallara and March teams, this was their last appearance in the sport. Lap Leaders, Nigel Mansell 18, Riccardo Patrese 32, Gerhard Berger 31 Bold text indicates the World Champions, note, Only the top five positions are included for both sets of standings
1992 Australian Grand Prix
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1992 Australian Grand Prix
48.
Scuderia Ferrari
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Scuderia Ferrari S. p. A. competing as Scuderia Ferrari is the official name of the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer, Ferrari, and competes in Formula One racing. It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team, the team was founded by Enzo Ferrari, initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo, though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars. As a constructor, Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors Championships, Alberto Ascari, Juan Manuel Fangio, Mike Hawthorn, Phil Hill, John Surtees, Niki Lauda, Jody Scheckter, Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers Championships for the team. Since Räikkönens title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers title with Felipe Massa, Schumacher is the teams most successful driver. Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team. His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004, including the constructors title of 1999 consecutively being won until the end of 2004, this was the teams most successful period. Currently, World Champions Kimi Räikkönen and Sebastian Vettel are the two race drivers. The team is known for its passionate support base known as the tifosi. The Italian Grand Prix at Monza is regarded as the home race. The Scuderia Ferrari team was founded by Enzo Ferrari on 16 November 1929 and became the team of Alfa Romeo. In 1938, Alfa Romeo management made the decision to enter racing under its own name, establishing the Alfa Corse organisation, Enzo Ferrari disagreed with this change in policy and was finally dismissed by Alfa in 1939. The terms of his leaving forbade him from motorsport under his own name, in 1939 Ferrari started work on a racecar of his own, the Tipo 815. The 815s, designed by Alberto Massimino, were thus the first Ferrari cars, World War II put a temporary end to racing, and Ferrari concentrated on an alternative use for his factory during the war years, doing machine tool work. After the war, Ferrari recruited several of his former Alfa colleagues and established a new Scuderia Ferrari, the team owns and operates a test track on the same site, the Fiorano Circuit built in 1972, which is used for testing road and race cars. The team is named after its founder, Enzo Ferrari, Scuderia is Italian for a stable reserved for racing horses and is also commonly applied to Italian motor racing teams. In 1947 Ferrari constructed the 12-cylinder,1.5 L Tipo 125, a Formula One version of the Tipo 125, the Ferrari 125 F1 was developed in 1948 and entered in several Grand Prix, at the time a World Championship had not yet been established. In 1950, the Formula One World Championship was established, and it is the only team to have competed in every season of the World Championship, from its inception to the current day. The company later switched to the large-displacement naturally aspirated formula for the 275,340, after the 1951 Formula One season the Alfa team withdrew from F1, causing the authorities to adopt the Formula Two regulations due to the lack of suitable F1 cars
Scuderia Ferrari
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Phil Hill driving for Ferrari at the
1962 German Grand Prix.
Scuderia Ferrari
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Ferrari
Scuderia Ferrari
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Lorenzo Bandini driving for Ferrari at the
1966 German Grand Prix.
Scuderia Ferrari
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Niki Lauda driving for Ferrari at the
1976 German Grand Prix.
49.
Force India
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The Sahara Force India F1 Team is a Formula One racing team based in Silverstone, United Kingdom, with an Indian licence. The team was formed in October 2007 when a consortium led by Indian businessman Vijay Mallya, Force India scored points again in the following race when Adrian Sutil finished fourth, and set the teams first fastest lap, at the Italian Grand Prix. In October 2011, Indian company Sahara India Pariwar, purchased 42. 5% of Force India F1s shares at US$100 million, the teams origins stemmed from the Jordan Grand Prix team, which entered Formula One racing in 1991 based at the Silverstone racing circuit. Jordan enjoyed many years in Formula One, winning four races, however, like many of the smaller teams in the 2000s, financial problems meant the teams performance dried up, and team owner Eddie Jordan sold the team to the Midland Group in 2005. The renamed Midland F1 Racing team spent two seasons at the back of grid, before owner Alex Shnaider sold the team to Spyker Cars midway through the 2006 season. After retaining Adrian Sutil for the teams first season, Force India conducted winter tests for the second driver, testing of the car begun in February, after the gold, tungsten and white liveried car was launched at the Gateway of India in Mumbai. Although a furious Gascoyne called for Räikkönen to be penalised, overtakes under yellow flag conditions would have meant Sutil receiving a time penalty post-race, Force India had been focusing on 2009 since Mallya brought the team, believing that the new regulations would yield better results. Force India finished the tenth place in the Constructors Championship. Force India retained the same drivers for the 2009 season, Force India gained their first pole position in Formula One when Fisichella qualified fastest at the Belgian Grand Prix in Spa. He finished the race in second position, less than a second behind Kimi Räikkönen earning Force Indias first ever points, missing the win was partially blamed on the cars lack of KERS, a system present on the Ferrari. On 3 September 2009, Force India announced that they were releasing Fisichella from his contract to him to race for Ferrari for the remainder of the season. It was announced four days later that test driver Vitantonio Liuzzi would replace Fisichella for the remaining races, in qualifying for the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, Sutil qualified second and Liuzzi, on his race debut for the team, qualified seventh. On race day, Sutil finished fourth and clocked the fastest lap of the race, while running fourth in the race, Liuzzi had to retire due to a transmission failure. Force India finished the season ninth in front of Scuderia Toro Rosso with 13 points, however, the VJM02 was powered by Mercedes-Benz engines from the 2009 season after signing a five-year deal on 10 November 2008. The deal also included a supply of McLaren-Mercedes gearboxes, hydraulic systems, the car was revealed on 1 March 2009. The VJM02 was the first Force India car to pick up points, pole position and fastest lap at the 2009 Belgian Grand Prix, the team announced on 27 November 2009, that it was to keep Adrian Sutil and Vitantonio Liuzzi for the 2010 season. The team tested Paul di Resta and J. R. Hildebrand at Jerez, di Resta was confirmed as the teams test driver on 2 February 2010. On 9 February 2010, Force India unveiled their new car, the VJM03, the 2010 season began with points in Bahrain, with Liuzzi finishing in ninth position
Force India
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Adrian Sutil testing for Force India in January 2008.
Force India
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Giancarlo Fisichella leads
Adrian Sutil at the
2008 Canadian Grand Prix.
Force India
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Vitantonio Liuzzi at the
2009 Japanese Grand Prix.
Force India
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Vitantonio Liuzzi driving during practice for the
2010 Bahrain Grand Prix.
Alex Caffi
Roberto Moreno
Perry McCarthy
