Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth independent of their utility to humans, and their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—shoul
A captive monkey in Shanghai
Chickens held inside a battery cage in a factory farm
Parshvanatha, the 23rd Tirthankara, revived Jainism and ahimsa in the 9th century BCE, which led to a radical animal-rights movement in South Asia.
The c. 5th-century CE Tamil philosopher Valluvar, in his Tirukkural, taught ahimsa and moral vegetarianism as personal virtues. The plaque in this statue of Valluvar at an animal sanctuary in South India describes the Kural's teachings on ahimsa and non-killing, summing them up with the definition of veganism.
Animal consciousness, or animal awareness, is the quality or state of self-awareness within an animal, or of being aware of an external object or of something within itself. In humans, consciousness h
Animal rights
…Animal rights is the philosophy according to which many or all sentient animals have moral worth independent of their utility to humans, and their most basic interests—such as avoiding suffering—should be afforded the same consideration…
According to the Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness, "near human-like levels of consciousness" have been observed in the grey parrot.
René Descartes argued that consciousness is unique to humans and explained animal behaviour through his mechanistic account of animals.
Elephants can recognize themselves in a mirror.
Is the glass half empty or half full?