Antioch College

Antioch College

Motto	Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity.
Type	Private, coeducational, undergraduate, liberal arts
Established	1850 (historical), 2011 (reopening)[1]
Endowment	$44.3 million[1]
President	Thomas Manley
Academic staff	37[2]
Administrative staff	85[2]
Students	135[3]
Location	Yellow Springs, Ohio, U.S.
Campus	Rural
Colors	Crimson, white, black[4]
Affiliations	Great Lakes Colleges Association Colleges That Change Lives Global Liberal Arts Alliance
Mascot	Antioch Free Radicals (historical)[5]
Website	www.antiochcollege.edu

Antioch College is a private, coeducational liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio. Founded in 1850 by the Christian Connection, the college began operating in 1852; politician and education reformer Horace Mann became its first president. It was the founding, constituent college of Antioch University System, which Antioch College remained a part of until 2008. The college remained closed for three years before reopening in 2011, and fully separated from the university as an independent institution by 2014.

Antioch is one of only a few liberal-arts institutions in the United States featuring a cooperative education work program mandatory for all students. Democracy and shared governance, especially as a means to activism and social justice, are at the heart of the college.^[6] Since 1921 Antioch's educational approach has blended practical work experience with classroom learning, and participatory community governance. Students receive narrative evaluations and academic letter grades.

Antioch College is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association,^[7] the Colleges That Change Lives,^[8] the Global Liberal Arts Alliance,^[9] and the Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education.^[10] The college has produced two Nobel Prize winners. José Ramos-Horta, the 1996 laureate for Peace, obtained his Master of Arts at Antioch in 1984. Mario Capecchi, the 2007 laureate for Medicine, earned the Bachelor of Science from Antioch in 1961.

Antioch Hall, North & South Halls
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Rear of Antioch Hall
Location	1 Morgan Place, Antioch College campus, Yellow Springs, Ohio[12]
Coordinates	39°48′00″N 83°53′17″W / 39.7999°N 83.8880°W / 39.7999; -83.8880Coordinates: 39°48′00″N 83°53′17″W / 39.7999°N 83.8880°W / 39.7999; -83.8880
Area	3 acres (1.2 ha)
Built	1852
Built by	Alpheus M. Merrifield
Architect	Boyden & Ball
Architectural style	Romanesque Revival
NRHP reference #	75001411[11]
Added to NRHP	June 30, 1975

Academics[edit]

Antioch College offers nine majors leading to the Bachelor of Arts degree: Anthropology, History, Literature, Media Arts, Visual Arts, Performance, Philosophy, Psychology, and Political Economy. Additionally, Antioch offers two majors leading to the Bachelor of Science: Biomedical Science and Environmental Science. Students may also develop a self-designed major in either the arts or sciences. Courses are offered on a quarter-based academic calendar.^[13] All students are required to take at least two courses in each of the Antioch-designated Liberal Arts traditions: the Arts, Humanities, Sciences, and Social Sciences, as well as four interdisciplinary "Global Seminar" courses from the topics of Water, Food, Energy, Health, Governance, and Education.^[14] Additionally, students must achieve "novice-high proficiency" in a second language. Antioch College currently offers coursework in Spanish, French, and Japanese. Students may test out of taking the language requirement by taking the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages Oral Proficiency Interview (OPI), or have passed an AP exam with a score of 4 or 5.^[15] Students must also complete a co-op program in each year.

Co-op program[edit]

All Antioch students spend four quarters over four years^[16] in meaningful domestic and international work experiences in the college's co-op program as part of their academic requirements for graduation.^[17]

Accreditation[edit]

Antioch College held continuous accreditation from 1927 through the late 1970s as the undergraduate college of Antioch University. Accreditation remained with Antioch University when it closed the college in 2008.^[18] Following Antioch College's reopening and separation from the university, it underwent a multi-year, multi-phase process seeking to gain accreditation as an independent institution.^[19] While the college sought accreditation, Antioch College has been authorized by the Ohio Board of Regents to offer Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees in the aforementioned programs of study.^[20] On June 30, 2016, the Higher Learning Commission granted Antioch College accreditation. The college will host a review for reaffirmation of accreditation in 2019-2020.

Full-tuition fellowships[edit]

Every student admitted between fall 2011 through fall 2014 (the graduating classes of 2015-2018) receives the Horace Mann Fellowship, which covers the full cost of tuition for four years.^[21]

Profiles and recognition[edit]

The Huffington Post has recognized Antioch College on its list of "Top Non-Traditional Colleges" alongside Brown University, the New School, and Wesleyan University, among others.^[22]

Antioch has been regularly included in the guidebook Colleges That Change Lives which declares that "there is no college or university in the country that makes a more profound difference in a young person's life or that creates more effective adults."^[23]

During her remarks to the college in 2004, alumna Coretta Scott King stated that "Antioch students learn that it’s not enough to have a great career, material wealth and a fulfilling family life. We are also called to serve, to share, to give and to do what we can to lift up the lives of others. No other college emphasizes this challenge so strongly. That’s what makes Antioch so special."^[24]

History[edit]

Antioch College is located on the site of a short-lived Owenite community, a utopian socialist collective agricultural enterprise which was established in July 1825 and terminated at the end of December of that same year.^[25]

On October 5, 1850, the General Convention of the Christian Church passed a resolution stating "that our responsibility to the community, and the advancement of our interests as a denomination, demand of us the establishing of a College." The delegates further pledged "the sum of one hundred thousand dollars as the standard by which to measure our zeal and our effort in raising the means for establishing the contemplated College." The Committee on the Plan for a College was formed to undertake the founding of a college, and make decisions regarding the name of the school, the endowment, fundraising, faculty, and administration.^[26] Most notably, the committee decided that the college "shall afford equal privileges to students of both sexes."^[27] The Christian Connection sect wanted the new college to be sectarian, but the planning committee decided otherwise.

Despite its enthusiasm, the Christian Connection's fundraising efforts proved insufficient. The money raised before the school opened failed to cover even the cost of the three original buildings, much less create an endowment.^[28] The Unitarian Church contributed an equal amount of funds and nearly as many students to the new school, causing denominational strife early on.^[28]

1850–1899[edit]

Horace Mann, Antioch's first president, ran the college from its start in 1853 until his death in 1859. The young college had relatively high academic standards, and "good moral character" was a requirement for graduation.^[29] The first curriculum focused on Latin, Greek, mathematics, history, philosophy and science, and offered electives in art, botany, pedagogy, and modern languages.^[30] Tuition was $24 a year, and the first graduating class consisted of 28 students. Although the founders planned for approximately 1,000 students, enrollment only exceeded 500 once in the 19th century, in 1857.^[31]

One notable character in Antioch's history is Rebecca Pennell, Mann's niece, who was one of the college's ten original faculty members. She was the first female college professor in the United States to have the same rank and pay as her male colleagues.^[32] Her home, now part of the Antioch campus and called Pennell House, served in recent years as community space for several of Antioch's student-led independent groups.

In 1859, Mann gave his final commencement speech, including what became the college's motto: "Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity."^[33] Mann died in August and was initially interred on the Antioch College grounds. The next year, he was reinterred in Providence, Rhode Island, next to his first wife. Mann is commemorated by two monuments: an obelisk on campus that bears the college's motto and marks his original grave,^[34] and a bronze statue in the Glen Helen.^[35]

Noteworthy among historical figures at the college are Austin Craig and Lucretia Crocker. The Reverend Craig became the third president of Antioch College. Crocker taught mathematics and astronomy. As the first woman supervisor of the Boston Public Schools, Crocker pioneered the discovery method of teaching mathematics and the natural sciences during her decade-long tenure, which began with her appointment in 1876. Earlier, in 1873, she was among the first women elected to the Boston School Committee, and a strong advocate for higher education for women.^[36]

Racial and gender equity[edit]

The original founders gave no consideration to the question of whether Antioch should admit students of color, neither forbidding nor explicitly allowing it.^[37] The associated preparatory school admitted two African American girls during the mid-1850s, an action one trustee responded to by resigning and removing his own children from the school. His opinion was apparently the minority one, though, as the black students were not withdrawn.^[38]

Financial difficulties[edit]

Antioch College was insolvent the day it opened and faced financial difficulties from its first years.^[39] From 1857 to 1859, Antioch ran an annual deficit of $5,000, out of a total budget of $13,000.^[40] In 1858, Antioch was bankrupt. Mann died in 1859 and the college was reorganized, but deficits continued.^[40] Mann's successor, Thomas Hill, took Antioch's presidency on the condition that faculty salaries be paid despite deficits. Despite this stipulation, his salary was often not paid, and he supported his family with loans. Hill and a colleague attempted to raise an endowment, but potential donors were put off by the strong sectarian leanings of some of the college's trustees.^[41] Hill resigned in 1862 due to increasing financial troubles, sectarian conflict between Christian Connection and Unitarian trustees, and his election as president of Harvard. In 1862, the college was closed until finances improved and remained closed until after the end of the Civil War.

Unitarian phase[edit]

In 1865, the college reopened, now administered by the American Unitarian Association.^[42] The financial health of the college seemed improved, as the Unitarians had raised a $100,000 endowment in the space of two months.^[43] The endowment was originally invested in government bonds and later in real estate and timber. The investment income, while performing well, was still insufficient to maintain the college at the high level desired by the trustees. Some of the principal was lost to foreclosures during the Long Depression, which began in 1873.^[43] The college closed again from 1881–1882 to allow the endowment to recover.

Baseball milestone[edit]

In 1869, when the Cincinnati Red Stockings began their inaugural season as history's first professional baseball team, they played a preseason game at the site of what is now the Grand Union Terminal in Cincinnati against the Antiochs, who were regarded as one of the finest amateur clubs in Ohio. The game was played on May 15, 1869, and Cincinnati defeated Antioch 41-7. Antioch had been scheduled to host the first game of this professional tour on May 31, 1869, but pouring rain and an unplayable field kept the teams off the diamond. So, while Antioch was not a part of the first professional baseball game, the college does hold claim to hosting the first ever rainout in professional baseball.^[44]

1900–1945[edit]

The turn of the century saw little improvement in the college's finances. In 1900 faculty were paid between $500 and $700 a year, very low for the time, and the president was paid $1,500 a year. In contrast, Horace Mann's annual salary had been $3,000 more than forty years prior.^[45] Enrollment did increase significantly under the presidency of Simeon D. Fess, who served from 1906 to 1917. In 1912 he was elected to the United States House of Representatives, and served three of his five total terms while also acting as president of Antioch.

World War I had little effect, good or bad, on the college and though some people on campus contracted influenza during the Spanish flu epidemic, there were no deaths.^[46] In February 1919, the Young Men's Christian Association attempted a peaceful takeover of the college, offering to raise an endowment of $500,000 if Antioch would serve as the official national college of the YMCA. The YMCA proposal was received positively by the college's trustees and enacted by a unanimous vote, and Grant Perkins, a YMCA executive, assumed the college's presidency. By May, Perkins had resigned, reporting that he was not prepared to raise the necessary funds.^[46]

Morgan era[edit]

In June 1919, several candidates were submitted to the trustees, including Arthur Morgan. Morgan was elected to the board without any prior notification of his candidacy. An engineer, he had been involved in planning a college in upstate New York that would have included work-study along with a more traditional curriculum. Morgan also received the right to demand the resignations of faculty and trustees.^[47] He presented his plan for "practical industrial education" to the trustees, which accepted the new plan. Antioch closed for a third time while the curriculum was reorganized and the co-op program developed. In 1920, Morgan was unanimously elected president and, in 1921, the college reopened with the cooperative education program.^[48]

The early co-op program was not required; students could enter as traditional students or cooperative education students. Despite this, by the 1935 academic year, nearly 80% of the student body had chosen the cooperative program. Students initially studied for eight-week-long terms alternating with eight-week-long work experiences. Male students generally took apprenticeships with craftsmen or jobs in factories; female students often served as nursing or teaching assistants. In 1921, when the program was inaugurated, fewer than 1% of available co-op jobs were located outside of Ohio, but this had grown to about 75% within 15 years.^[49]

Morgan constructed a new board of trustees of prominent businessmen, replacing many of the local ministers and adding a new source of income. Charles Kettering alone contributed more than $500,000 to Antioch. These kinds of major donations by board members and their friends totaled more than $2 million for the decade. Kettering and other major patrons hoped to create a model institution that would create potential business administrators with students "trained for proprietorship."^[50] The college declined an offer from John Henry Patterson to finance the college completely if Antioch would leave rural Yellow Springs, re-establish itself on NCR grounds in Dayton, and rechristen itself the National Cash Register College.^[51]

1946–2000[edit]

Center of activism[edit]

During World War II, Antioch, among other eastern colleges, with the help of Victor Goertzel, participated in a program which arranged for students of Japanese origin interned in Relocation camps to enroll in college. In 1943 the college Race Relations Committee began offering scholarships to non-white students to help diversify the campus, which had been mostly white since its founding. The first scholarship recipient was Edythe Scott, elder sister of Coretta Scott King. Coretta Scott received the scholarship and attended Antioch two years after her sister.^[52] Antioch was also the first historically white college to appoint a black person to be chair of an academic department, when Walter Anderson was appointed chair of the music department.^[53]

In the 1950s Antioch faced pressure from the powerful House Un-American Activities Committee and faced criticism from many area newspapers because it did not expel students and faculty accused of having Communist leanings.^[54]

The 1960s and 1970s saw the college continue to develop its reputation as a source of activism and progressive political thought.

In 1965, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gave the commencement speech.

Dixon presidency[edit]

Vice-president Morris Keeton started the process in 1967 to create a campus in the new planned city development Columbia, Maryland. The land development promoted progressive clean-sheet concepts, which still endured counter-culture cynicism with students calling the effort "Rouseland" and "Rouse's Fantasy Corporation". A field studies center opened with 150 students and interns working for the Rouse Company, but the project folded after a few years.^[55]

In many instances, the environment of the school spurred its students to activism. Eleanor Holmes Norton, future congressional delegate for Washington, D.C., recalled her time at Antioch as one "when the first real action that could be called movement action was ignited."^[56]

Development of university system[edit]

Encouraged by President James Dixon, a Harvard educated physician, upwards of 40 branch campuses and centers—known collectively as the Antioch Network (or The Network)—were established throughout the 1960s into the 1970s with the College as the central operating institution.^[57] Antioch University formally came to exist in 1978. Antioch University New England was the first graduate school offshoot, in 1964, and many others were established as well, including what ultimately became Antioch University Midwest (located on a new campus in Yellow Springs that opened in September 2007).

The 1973 strike

In the 1960s, Antioch recruited poor and minority students through its New Directions scholarship program to increase diversity. In the late 60s, as the administration added satellite centers across the country, the college adopted an academic program in Yellow Springs that gave students unprecedented independence in choosing their coursework. Then it doubled enrollment, to 2,000.

In 1973 the Nixon Administration threatened to cut federal aid. Financial-aid and New Directions students and activists demanded that Antioch guarantee their aid. On April 20, protesters barricaded the administration building and locked other buildings, shutting down the college for six weeks. Vandalism was extensive. The shutdown ended when county sheriffs came on campus to enforce a judge’s injunction against the strike. That year’s graduates received their diplomas by mail.

The strike and its notoriety resulted in many students transferring and a sharp decline in applications and enrollment that continued until the college's closing in 2008^[58].

Birenbaum years[edit]

After consideration of 337 candidates, William Birenbaum was named as president of Antioch College in April 1976. The chairman of the search committee called him a "courageous and charismatic personality" who is an "experienced chief executive with a strong track record in crisis-type settings."^[59] By 1979, The New York Times described tensions on campus due to the school's dire financial crisis and that Birenbaum's "pugnacious and often abrasive style had offended many Antiochians", with enrollment at the Yellow Springs, Ohio campus dropping from 2,000 to 1,000 during the 1970s.^[60] Birenbaum implemented cost-cutting measures including a reduction in the number of satellite campus programs nationwide from 30 down to under 10 and changing the name of the corporation to Antioch University. By November 1980, The New York Times was able to report in a headline of an article about the college that "A Streamlined Antioch Appears on the Way to Survival".^[61] Birenbaum announced in June 1984 that he would be retiring and Alan E. Guskin of the University of Wisconsin–Parkside was named to succeed him as of September 1, 1985.^[62]

Late 20th century[edit]

The college was led in the mid-1980s through the 1990s by Antioch presidents Alan Guskin, James Crowfoot, and Bob Devine. Citing the challenges of serving as both the college and University president, Guskin presided over the change to what he described as a federal model, wherein Antioch College became one of the campuses comprising Antioch University, which newly had its own central administration. Guskin served as the university's first chancellor, while James E. Crowfoot became the first president of solely Antioch College since Birenbaum. Antioch College's enrollment figures never surpassed 1,000 students but the campus underwent renovations and buildings that had been boarded up were repaired and reopened, including South Hall, one of the college's three original buildings.

Sexual Offense Prevention Policy[edit]

This policy was initiated after two date rapes reportedly occurred on the Antioch College campus during the 1990–91 academic year.

In 1991 a group of students formed under the name "Womyn of Antioch" to address their concern that sexual offenses in general were not being taken seriously enough by the administration or some in the campus community.^[63] A "Sexual Offense Policy," was created during a couple of late-night meetings in the campus Womyn's Center, as the Antioch College website commented "this original policy was questionable. It was not legally binding, no rights were given to the accused, and it called for immediate expulsion of the accused with no formal process."^[63] The policy was presented when the Womyn of Antioch stormed a community meeting a few days later.^[63]

In 1991-2 the college employed a part-time advocate, as the start of the Sexual Offenses Prevention and Survivors’ Advocacy Program (SOP/SAP), who developed with the aid of the community the Antioch Sexual Offense Policy. Thus Antioch College became the first in America to mandate ongoing verbal affirmation during sexual encounters.^[64] Under this policy, consent for sexual behavior must be "(a) verbal, (b) mutual, and (c) reiterated for every new level of sexual behavior."^{[65][dubious – discuss]}

This policy was the subject of media satire, such as a parody sketch in 1993 on Saturday Night Live titled "Is It Date Rape?" Some media outlets voiced support for the policy. For example, syndicated columnist Ellen Goodman asserted that most "sexual policy makers write like lawyers in love," and that, likewise, "at Antioch the authors could use some poetry, and passion." But she was ultimately sympathetic to their goals of leveling the sexual playing field and making students think about what consent means, saying that the Antioch campus "has the plot line just about right."^[66]

By 2015, similar affirmative consent standards would have been adopted by colleges across the nation, including every Ivy League university except Harvard, as well as by state legislatures including California, Michigan, and New York.^[64]

The 21st century[edit]

In 2000, Antioch College was again subject to media attention after inviting political activist and former death row inmate Mumia Abu-Jamal and transgender rights advocate and Abu-Jamal supporter Leslie Feinberg to be commencement speakers. Graduating students had chosen Abu-Jamal and Feinberg to highlight their concerns with capital punishment and the American criminal justice system. Many conservative commentators criticized the Antioch administration for allowing students to choose such controversial commencement speakers and the college administration received death threats. Antioch President Bob Devine chose not to overturn the students' choice of speakers, citing the ideals of free speech and free exchange of ideas, and likened the media reaction to the coverage of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1965 commencement address.^[67]

Change in structure[edit]

At an Antioch University Board of Trustees meeting in June 2007 the board stated that while the college was only in its third year of implementation of the plan they had not raised the funds needed, and that the college would be indefinitely closed at the end of the 2007–08 academic year.^[68][69]

Alumni action to save the college[edit]

Many Antioch alumni and faculty, upset at the prospect of the loss of the college's legacy, began organizing and raising funds in an effort to save the college, keep it open without interruption, and gain greater transparency in its governance. In August 2007, the college faculty filed suit against the Board of Trustees, charging that the board was violating various contractual obligations.^[70]

Following a meeting between university and alumni representatives in August 2007, the Board of Trustees approved a resolution giving the Alumni Board until the October 2007 trustees' meeting to demonstrate the viability of an Alumni Board proposal to maintain the operations of the college.^[71] Despite initially stating he would remain until December, Antioch president Steve Lawry abruptly stepped down as president on September 1, 2007. The role of president was turned over to a three-person group, comprising the Dean of Faculty, Director of Student Services, and Director of Communications.^[72] While no reason for Lawry's immediate departure was given, it has been reported that he was forcibly ousted by the Board of Trustees.^[73] In response to this reported ousting, the faculty gave Antioch University Chancellor Toni Murdock a vote of no confidence.^[74]

A story about Antioch's closing in The Chronicle of Higher Education detailed the uncertain future of some faculty and staff members, along with the town of Yellow Springs, following suspended operations at the college. One professor, who received tenure just 28 hours before the college announced its closing, had turned down other jobs in academia to work at Antioch. The story includes a slideshow showing outdated and crumbling buildings on campus.^[75]

On November 3, 2007, the University Board of Trustees agreed to lift the suspension of the college, which would have seen the college operate continuously rather than closing, provided that the alumni association would provide the necessary operating revenue. Specific benchmarks for fundraising were agreed upon. The Alumni Board embarked on a $100 million fundraising drive to build the college's endowment, raising more than $18 million in gifts and pledges by November 2007.^[76] However, major donors balked out of concern that the deal did not make the college sufficiently autonomous from the university,^[77] and a group began meeting directly with the university, incorporating as the Antioch College Continuation Corporation (ACCC). On February 22, 2008, the university issued a press release reinstating the suspension, despite ongoing negotiations with the group.^[78] On March 28, 2008, ACCC negotiators rejected a $12.2 million demand from the university for the sale of those university assets associated with the operation of the college.^[79] ACCC instead offered $10 million for 10 seats on the 19-member board effectively seeking control of the entire University. On May 8, 2008, university trustees rejected the ACCC's "best and final" offer – $9.5 million for the college and another $6 million for the graduate campuses in exchange for eight board seats, with an additional four new trustees to be jointly agreed upon by the ACCC and current trustees.^[80]

Temporary closure after separation from university[edit]

The college closed as promised on June 30, 2008. The suspension of operations of the college led to a collaboration between the university and certain college alumni to explore a means to separate the college from the university in a manner which preserved the viability of both.^[81] Recognizing that any reopening of the college required the cooperation and substantial financial support of alumni, the Board of Governors of Antioch University adopted a resolution on June 8, 2008, requesting that the Alumni Association prepare a plan to bring the college back to vigor and vitality. Thereafter, the Antioch University Board of Governors announced on July 17, 2008, the creation of a new task force composed of University and Alumni representatives to develop a plan to create an independent Antioch College. The task force discussions were facilitated in part by the Great Lakes College Association.^[82] During this time, a group of alumni with former faculty, staff, and students of the college formed what would become the Nonstop Liberal Arts Institute in 2008, an effort to preserve the DNA of the college during its closure and to create a bridge between the original college and a potentially new independent college. As the result of the task force discussions, ACCC and Antioch University agreed to an asset purchase agreement on June 30, 2009. That agreement called for the transfer of the college campus, Glen Helen Nature Preserve and the college endowment to ACCC which would operate the college as an independent corporation with its own fiduciary board of trustees. As part of the transaction, Antioch University licensed to ACCC an exclusive right to use the name "Antioch College". The parties closed on the transfer of assets on September 4, 2009. Matthew A. Derr was hired as interim president to recruit an entering class for the Fall of 2011.^[83]

Revival and reopening[edit]

In October 2010, Mark Roosevelt, formerly of Pittsburgh Public Schools and former legislator in Massachusetts who authored an education reform law in 1993, was hired as the new president.^[84] The following year, Antioch reopened as an independent four-year college in the autumn of 2011 with 35 students after the Ohio Board of Regents approved the college again offering Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science degrees.^[85]

Antioch College and Antioch University agreed on the official transfer of ownership of WYSO from the university to the college in 2012.^[86] By 2013, Antioch University relinquished its reversion rights to the campus, the Glen Helen, and the college's continuation fund,^[87] ensuring Antioch College's independence from the university.

Also in 2012, Antioch announced it would offer free tuition to its students for the following three years, pledging to charge them only room, board, and fees.^[88] As a result, Antioch College received more than 2,500 applications for fall 2012 admission.^[89] About five percent of applicants received acceptance letters, making Antioch one of the more selective colleges in the US in that year.^[90] After tuition was re-introduced, the applications and selectivity fell, with 140 applicants for 2016 entrance, with a 71% acceptance rate.^[91]

The Higher Learning Commission granted the newly-restored Antioch College candidacy status in pursuit of accreditation on June 13, 2014. The commission also allowed the college "to take the fast track to accreditation...on a two-year path rather than the traditional four-year process." The college's students would thereby be eligible for federal financial aid.^[92] Two years later, the commission granted Antioch College accreditation. The college will host a review for reaffirmation of accreditation in 2019-2020.

On May 5, 2015, Roosevelt announced that he would depart as president of Antioch College at the end of the year.^[93][94] Dr. Thomas Manley was hired as the new president, and began his presidency in March 2016.^[95] The month after Roosevelt's announcement, the college celebrated its first graduating class since 2008, conferring degrees on 21 students.^[96]

With accreditation secure in 2016, President Manley initiated a process of refinement and visioning for the future of the College known as FACT (the Framework for Antioch College's Transition). The FACT process has engaged the entire College community in multiple design-build workshops to co-design a new educational model that integrates assets like Co-op, WYSO, the Wellness Center, Antioch Kitchens, the Antioch Farm, Glen Helen Nature Preserve, the Coretta Scott King Center, Antioch College Village and others, as major building blocks for learning and revenue generation.^[97] The FACT process has led to the creation of an updated vision, Antioch @175: A New Kind of American College.^[98]

In the fall of 2017, only 28 new students enrolled, with 19 Freshmen and 9 transfer students. This was far fewer than the administration's target of 60 and leaves overall enrollment at 135.^[99] The following spring, the college announced that faculty and staff making more than $40,000 annually would be required to take 10 days of furlough, the equivalent of a 3.8% pay cut. This follows previous staff cuts and salary reductions in the face of continued budget shortfalls.^[100]

Campus and other curricular assets[edit]

Antioch's campus is in the town of Yellow Springs, Ohio, approximately 20 miles from Dayton, Ohio, and 65 miles from Cincinnati, Ohio. Antioch Hall, North and South Halls are the three original buildings on the campus. The historic 1930s Science Building began a $3.5 million partial renovation in 2012.^[101]

Housing[edit]

The 1943 Birch Hall dormitory, designed by famed architect Eero Saarinen, housed the first class of post-closure students in 2011-2012. Birch Hall is now used as an upperclassmen dormitory. The North Hall dormitory was renovated shortly thereafter and is used primarily as an underclassmen dormitory. Dormitories are co-ed, though students may request a suite with same-sex/gender roommates.

Sustainability[edit]

An 1852 dormitory, North Hall has been extensively renovated, making it the oldest building in the United States to meet the LEED Gold Standard for sustainable construction. North Hall's energy self-sufficiency includes solar panels on its roof, and geothermal energy for heating and cooling. About 25 geothermal wells were sunk 600 feet deep on the lawn near North Hall to supply water pumped through the building to maintain livable temperatures.^[102]

Antioch College also has a college farm. The farm contains a large crop growing area, a hoop house, and pasture for sheep and chickens. The farm is used as a living laboratory where Antioch students learn about sustainable farming methods such as organic farming and permaculture.^[103]

In 2014, Antioch installed a five-acre solar array adjacent to its farm in the South Campus.^[104] Approximately 3,300 solar panels are expected to generate 1.2 million kilowatt hours of energy annually.^[105][106]

Glen Helen Nature Preserve[edit]

The Glen Helen Nature Preserve, donated to Antioch College by alumnus Hugh Taylor Birch in 1929, is a thousand-acre nature preserve owned and managed by the college. The Glen encompasses 25 miles of footpaths, forests, waterfalls, and the springs for which the town of Yellow Springs, Ohio is named. The grounds are open to the public. The Glen has an Outdoor Education Center founded in 1956 which hosts a variety of programs throughout the year, including programs on geology, wildlife ecology, and environmental education. There is also an accompanying Raptor Center whose purpose is the care and rehabilitation of injured birds of prey. The Raptor Center has a variety of hawks, owls, falcons, and resident eagle on display.^[107]

WYSO[edit]

WYSO is a National Public Radio station owned and supported by Antioch College. The station began broadcasting in February 1958 for four hours a day as a student-run station. Today the station broadcasts to the entire Miami Valley region and can be reached in nine southwest Ohio counties. The radio station is run by eight full-time and two part-time staff, but relies heavily on volunteer work for their operations. The station carries flagship NPR programming, including Morning Edition and All Things Considered, as well as a variety of local programming, such as The Antioch Word, a monthly podcast produced by Antioch College students working at the station, and Poor Will’s Almanac, a podcast by Yellow Springs resident Bill Felker about topics such as weather patterns, phenology, and gardening.^[108]

Olive Kettering Library[edit]

The Olive Kettering Library is Antioch College's library, named after Olive Kettering, the wife of Antioch trustee, inventor, and engineer Charles Franklin Kettering.^[109] Founded in 1954, the Olive Kettering Library houses more than 325,000 volumes, 900 periodicals, and 4,000 phonograph records. The library is also home to Antiochiana, Antioch College's archive.^[19][110]

The Antioch Review[edit]

The Antioch Review, founded in 1941, is one of the oldest continuously publishing literary magazines in America. They publish fiction, essays, and poetry from both emerging as well as established authors. Throughout the history of the magazine questions about race, ethnicity, sex, education, and the American experience have had a large place. Academic questions in their formal sense have not loomed large, and the magazine’s policy of refusing to run footnotes is, in fact, a statement about the non- (rather than anti-) academic nature of the journal. Academics by the score have contributed, but always within a belles-lettres or journalistic tradition. So the magazine was open to both Malcolm Bradbury and Eric Bentley, sans footnotes. The Antioch Review has always avoided narrow academic debates and tried to suggest that although professors may be for the academy, their commentaries can bear on larger social and intellectual processes. The Review has always tried to be a forum for new writers and ideas in poetry and the short story.^[111]

Notable people[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

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