Antipope Clement VII
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Robert of Geneva was elected to the papacy as Clement VII by the cardinals who opposed Pope Urban VI and was the first antipope residing in Avignon, France. His election led to the Western Schism.
Interview between the duke of Anjou and pope Clement VII (seated) at Avignon, from Froissart's Chronicles.
14th-century miniature depicting Clement VII celebrating mass
War of the Eight Saints
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The War of the Eight Saints was a war between Pope Gregory XI and a coalition of Italian city-states led by Florence that contributed to the end of the Avignon Papacy.
Antipope Clement VII
…the Western Schism. The son of Amadeus III, Count of Geneva, Robert became Archbishop of Cambrai and was made a cardinal in 1371. As legate, during the War of the Eight Saints, he is said to have authorized the massacre of over 2,000 civilians at Cesena in 1377. He was elected pope the following year by the cardinals who…
John Hawkwood, papal condottiere in Gregory XI's wars against Milan
Coluccio Salutati, Chancellor of Florence during the war
Robert of Geneva, future Avignon Pope Clement VII, the commander of papal forces after 1377
Pope Gregory XI's bull of excommunication referred to the "Eight Saints" as the "Eight of Priests".