1.
Shimla
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Shimla, also known as Simla, is the capital and largest city of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh. Shimla is also a district which is bounded by Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, the state of Uttarakhand in the south-east, in 1864, Shimla was declared as the summer capital of British India, succeeding Murree, northeast of Rawalpindi. After independence, the city became the capital of Punjab and was named the capital of Himachal Pradesh. It is the commercial, cultural and educational centre of the hilly regions of the state. As of 2011, the city had 171,817 permanent residents, small hamlets were recorded prior to 1815 when the English forces took control of the area. The climatic conditions attracted the British to establish the city in the forests of Himalayas. As the summer capital, Shimla hosted many important political meetings including the Simla Accord of 1914, after independence, the state of Himachal Pradesh came into being in 1948 as a result of integration of 28 princely states. Even after independence, the city remained an important political centre, after the reorganisation, the Mahasu district and its major portion were merged with Shimla. Its name is derived from the goddess Shyamala Devi, an incarnation of the Hindu goddess Kali, Shimla is home to a number of buildings that are styled in the Tudorbethan and neo-Gothic architectures dating from the colonial era, as well as multiple temples and churches. The colonial architecture and churches, the temples and the beauty of the city attract a large number of tourists. The major attractions include the Viceroy Lodge, the Christ Church, the Jakhoo Temple, the Mall Road and the Ridge, the Kalka–Shimla Railway line built by the British, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is also a major tourist attraction. Owing to its terrain, Shimla hosts the mountain biking race MTB Himalaya. Shimla also has the largest natural ice skating rink in South Asia, apart from being a tourism centre, the city is also an educational hub with a number of colleges and research institutions. The vast majority of the occupied by the present-day Shimla city was dense forest during the 18th century. The only civilisation consisted of the Jakhoo temple and a few scattered houses, the area was called Shimla, named after a Hindu goddess, Shyamala Devi, an incarnation of Kali. The area of present-day Shimla was invaded and captured by Bhimsen Thapa of Nepal in 1806, the British East India Company took control of the territory as per the Sugauli Treaty after the Anglo-Nepalese War. The Gurkha leaders were quelled by storming the fort of Malaun under the command of David Ochterlony in May 1815. In a diary entry dated 30 August 1817, the Gerard brothers, in 1819, Lieutenant Ross, the Assistant Political Agent in the Hill States, set up a wood cottage in Shimla
Shimla
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Clockwise from top: Skyline at Shimla Southern Side, Rashtrapati Niwas, Town hall, Night view of Shimla and
Christ Church.
Shimla
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Shimla
Shimla
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The bridge connecting Shimla with Chhota Shimla, originally erected in 1829 by Lord Combermere, Shimla, 1850s
Shimla
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Rashtrapati Niwas, Shimla, former "
Viceregal Lodge ", built 1888
2.
Himachal Pradesh
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Himachal Pradesh is a state of India located in Northern India. It is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab and Chandigarh on the west, Haryana on the south-west, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east. The name was coined from Sanskrit him snow and achal mountain, by Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma, Himachal Pradesh is famous for its natural beauty, hill stations, and temples. Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fifteenth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states, many perennial rivers flow in the state, and numerous hydroelectric projects set up. Himachal produces surplus hydroelectricity and sells it to states such as Delhi, Punjab. Hydroelectric power projects, tourism, and agriculture form important parts of the states economy, the state has several valleys, and more than 90% of the population living in rural areas. Practically all houses have a toilet and 100% hygiene has been achieved in the state, the villages have good connectivity with roads, public health centres, and now with high-speed broadband. Shimla district has maximum urban population of 25%, according to a 2005 Transparency International survey, Himachal Pradesh was ranked the second-least corrupt state in the country, after Kerala. The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates to the Indus valley civilisation that flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE, tribes such as the Koili, Hali, Dagi, Dhaugri, Dasa, Khasa, Kinnar, and Kirat inhabited the region from the prehistoric era. During the Vedic period, several small republics known as Janapada existed which were conquered by the Gupta Empire. After a brief period of supremacy by King Harshavardhana, the region was divided into several local powers headed by chieftains and these kingdoms enjoyed a large degree of independence and were invaded by Delhi Sultanate a number of times. Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century, timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills of the state and captured a number of forts and fought many battles. Several hill states acknowledged Mughal suzerainty and paid tribute to the Mughals. The Gurkha people, a tribe, came to power in Nepal in the year 1768. They consolidated their power and began to expand their territory. Gradually, the Gorkhas annexed Sirmour and Shimla, under the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa, the Gurkha laid siege to Kangra. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, however, the Gurkha could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1809. After the defeat, the Gurkha began to expand towards the south of the state, however, Raja Ram Singh, Raja of Siba State, captured the fort of Siba from the remnants of Lahore Darbar in Samvat 1846, during the First Anglo-Sikh War
Himachal Pradesh
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Sansar Chand (c. 1765–1823)
Himachal Pradesh
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Location of Himachal Pradesh (marked in red) in
India
Himachal Pradesh
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Rock Cut Temple, Masroor
Himachal Pradesh
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The
Dhauladhar Range viewed from
Kangra
3.
India
–
India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
India
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Flag
India
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The granite
tower of
Brihadeeswarar Temple in
Thanjavur was completed in 1010 CE by
Raja Raja Chola I.
India
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Writing the will and testament of the Mughal king court in Persian, 1590–1595
4.
Chairman
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The chairman is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is elected or appointed by the members of the group. The chair presides over meetings of the group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. When the group is not in session, the officers duties include acting as its head, its representative to the outside world. In some organizations, this position is called president, in others, where a board appoints a president. Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include chair, chairperson, chairwoman, presiding officer, president, moderator, facilitator, the chairman of a parliamentary chamber is often called the speaker. The term chair is used in lieu of chairman, in response to criticisms that using chairman is sexist. In his 1992 State of the Union address, then-U. S, president George H. W. Bush used chairman for men and chair for women. A1994 Canadian study found the Toronto Star newspaper referring to most presiding men as chairman, the Chronicle of Higher Education uses chairman for men and chairperson for women. An analysis of the British National Corpus found chairman used 1,142 times, chairperson 130 times, the National Association of Parliamentarians does not approve using chairperson. In World Schools Style debating, male chairs are called Mr. Chairman, the FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication, as well as the American Psychological Association style guide, advocate using chair or chairperson, rather than chairman. The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style suggests that the forms are gaining ground. It advocates using chair to refer both to men and to women, the word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be in the chair and is referred to as the chair. Major dictionaries state that the word derives from chair and man, some authorities, however, including Riddicks Rules of Procedure, suggest that the second part of chairman derives from the Latin manus, and thus claim gender-neutrality for the word. Vladimir Lenin, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russia not as tsar or as president, note in particular the popular standard method for referring to Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao. In the absence of the chairman and vice chairman, groups sometimes elect a chairman pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting. In some organizations that have titles, deputy chairman ranks higher than vice chairman, as there are often multiple vice chairs
Chairman
–
Chairman of a Swedish and American society of relatives of over 5000 members, in
Stockholm in 2015 with the society's banner flying
5.
Film and Television Institute of India
–
The Film and Television Institute of India is an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India and aided by the Central Government of India. It is situated on the premises of the erstwhile Prabhat Film Company in Pune, since its inception in 1960, FTII has become Indias premier film and television institute, with its alumni becoming technicians, actors and directors in the film and television industry. FTII is a member of the International Liaison Centre of Schools of Cinema and Television, the institute was established in 1960 and started its courses in 1961. The Television Training wing, which was functioning in New Delhi. Thereafter, the institute became fully aided by the Ministry of Information, in July 2011, Information and Broadcasting Minister Ambika Soni said that a bill in Parliament to develop the FTII into a Centre of Excellence would be introduced. This would enable the institute to enjoy the status and privileges of a university. The Society is headed by a President, who functions as the Chairman of the Governing Council, the Academic Council. The Governing Council is constituted by election from among the members of the Society, the Governing Council is the apex body of the FTII and is responsible for making all major policy decisions of the Institute. A Director serves as the institutes Executive Head and implements its policies and programmes, Prashant Pathrabe, a 1992 batch officer of Indian Information Service, has been given temporary charge as Director following end of the term of DJ Narain. Gajendra Chauhan, the chairman of the governing council, is yet to join. The protests have been continuing for over 95 days but the logjam over appointment still remains, G. George K. Hariharan Ketan Mehta Kranti Kanade Kulbhushan Kharbanda Kumar Shahani Kundan Shah Mani Kaul Mithun Chakraborty Mukesh Khanna Murali G Naseeruddin Shah Navin Nischol Nishan K. P. On 18 August 2015, police — in a night-time crackdown — arrested striking students who confined FTII director Prashant Pathrabe, the director claimed that students harassed and mentally tortured him. The students were released on bail, a video showing students surrounding the director and shouting was released by the management. In response the students released a video of cops manhandling students. The striking students vehemently condemned the act by the Pune police to come, official website an Informal Space for FTIIans
Film and Television Institute of India
–
History
6.
Gajendra Chauhan
–
Gajendra Singh Chauhan, known professionally as Gajendra Chauhan, is an Indian television and film actor, best known for his portrayal of Yudhishthira in the historical television series, Mahabharat. In 2015, he was appointed as the chairman of the Film, Chauhan was born in Delhi, on 14 October 1956. He did a diploma in radiography from All India Institute of Medical Sciences before he moved to Mumbai to pursue a career in acting, there he studied acting in the school run by Roshan Taneja, who had previously taught at FTII. Chauhans acting career spans 34 years, and by his own count, he has worked in 600 television series and almost 150 movies during that period. His first break as an actor was in television series Paying Guest in 1983, the first acting part in a film that he did was in Main Chup Nahi Rahoongi in 1986. Chauhan was initially offered to play the role of Lord Krishna in the television series, however filming for the first series was delayed, and Chauhan moved south to take on new work. Upon his return, Chauhan had put on weight and was considered unsuitable for the role of Krishna and he was later offered the role of Yudhishthira, which went on to being the role he has become better known by. Chauhan has also involved in the administration of Cinema and Television Artists Association for 20 years. In 2004 Chauhan entered politics, and became a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party, on 9 June 2015, Chauhan was appointed as the Chairman of the Film and Television Institute of India. His appointment proved to be controversial amid allegations by students that it was a blatant attempt to saffronize the institute, a section of left-wing students association, including All India Students Association continue to agitate. Chauhan requested the students to him a year to prove himself. Gajendra Chauhan at the Internet Movie Database
Gajendra Chauhan
–
Gajendra Chauhan in 2010
7.
Kirron Kher
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Kirron Anupam Kher is an Indian theatre, film and television actress, a TV talk show host and a member of the Bhartiya Janata Party. In May 2014, she was elected to the Lok Sabha, Kirron Kher was born on 14 June 1955 in a Jat Sikh family and grew up in Chandigarh. She was named Kiran by her parents and her name was Kiran Thakar Singh. During the period of her first marriage to Gautam Berry, she was known as Kiran Berry, when she married Anupam Kher, she resumed her maiden name and also added her latest husbands surname, being known as Kiran Thakar Singh Kher. Kirron has one brother and two sisters and her brother, the artist Amardeep Singh, died in 2003. One of her sisters is the Arjuna award-winning badminton player, Kanwal Thakar Kaur and her other sister, Sharanjit Kaur Sandhu, is the wife of a retired senior officer of the Indian Navy. Kirron completed her education in Chandigarh, and then graduated from the Department of Indian Theatre of Panjab University. She then married Gautam Berry, a rich Mumbai-based businessman, and had a son, in Mumbai, Kiran tried throughout the 1980s to get a foothold in the film industry, but without success. Anupam was also married to someone else. Moving in the theatre circles, they worked together in a play called Chandpuri Ki Champabai. In 1985, after Anupam had secured a break in films with Saaransh, he divorced his wife, Kirron divorced her husband and they now run a production house together. Kiran Kher made her debut in 1983 in the Punjabi feature film Aasra Pyar Da. After this, she took a hiatus from films, between 1983 and 1996, she appeared in exactly one film, Pestonjee, wherein she acted in a bit role alongside her second husband Anupam Kher. Her return to acting came in the mid-1990s, through theatre, with the play Saalgirah written by playwright Javed Siddiqui, Kiron Kher Today and Jagte Raho with Kiron Kher, before doing Hindi films. Her comeback film was by Shyam Benegal, Sardari Begum, which won her the Special Jury Award at the 1997 National Film Awards and she then appeared in film director Rituparno Ghoshs Bengali film Bariwali, to critical acclaim. Kirron refuted the charges claiming she spent hours rehearsing for her delivery. In 2002, Kirron appeared in Devdas, alongside Shahrukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit and Aishwarya Rai and it shows how her life changes dramatically when her son takes up Islamic extremism in 1979 during the rule of Zia-ul-Haq and his process of Islamization of Pakistan. The Indian Film Festival of Los Angeles 2004 paid tribute to Kirron during its annual festival, in October 2004 Kirron made a guest appearance, along with her husband, in the American TV series ER playing Parminder Nagras mother, Mrs. Rasgotra, in episode Damaged
Kirron Kher
–
Kirron Kher
MP
Kirron Kher
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Kirron with husband
Anupam in 2012.
8.
Padma Shri
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Padma Shri is the fourth highest civilian award in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna, the Padma Vibhushan and the Padma Bhushan. Awarded by the Government of India, it is announced every year on Indias Republic Day and it has also been awarded to some distinguished individuals who were not citizens of India but did contribute in various ways to India. The selection criteria have been criticized in some quarters with the claim that many highly deserving artists have left out in order to favor certain individuals. On its obverse, the words Padma, meaning lotus in Sanskrit, and Shri, the geometrical pattern on either side is in burnished bronze. All embossing is in white gold, as of 2017,2913 people have received the award
Padma Shri
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Padma Shri
9.
Padma Bhushan
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The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award in the Republic of India, preceded by the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan and followed by the Padma Shri. Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for distinguished service of a high order, as of 2017, the award has been bestowed on 1231 individuals, including 19 posthumous and 92 non-citizen recipients. The Padma Awards Committee is constituted every year by the Prime Minister of India, the committee later submits their recommendations to the Prime Minister and the President of India for the further approval. The award recipients are announced on 26 January, the Republic Day of India, when instituted in 1954, twenty-three recipients were honoured with the Padma Bhushan. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous conferrals but this was modified in the January 1955 statute. The Padma Bhushan, along with other personal civil honours, was suspended twice, from July 1977 to January 1980. Some of the recipients have refused or returned their conferments, on 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards, the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri. The award, along with other personal civilian honours, was suspended twice in its history. The first time in July 1977 when Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister of India, for being worthless, the suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980 after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister. Both petitioners questioned the civilian awards being titles per an interpretation of Article 18 of the Constitution of India, on 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards. A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court of India was formed comprising five judges, A. M. Ahmadi C. J. Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgment that the Bharat Ratna, the award is conferred for distinguished service of a high order. without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards, but this was modified in the January 1955 statute. Kizhakemuri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1999, the recommendations received during 1 May and 15 September of every year are submitted to the Padma Awards Committee, convened by the Prime Minister of India. The Awards Committee later submits its recommendations to the Prime Minister, the conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The original specification of the award was a made of standard silver 1 3⁄8 inches in diameter. A floral wreath was embossed along the edge and a lotus wreath at the top along the upper edge. The State Emblem of India was placed in the centre of the side with the text Desh Seva in Devanagari Script on the lower edge
Padma Bhushan
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Padma Bhushan
10.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe Award
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The Golden Globe statuette
11.
Bend It Like Beckham
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The films title refers to the football player David Beckham, and his skill at scoring from free kicks by curling the ball past a wall of defenders. It follows the 18-year-old daughter of Punjabi Sikhs in London and she is infatuated with football but her parents have forbidden her to play because she is a girl. She joins a womens team, which makes its way to the top of the league. Bend It Like Beckham was released theatrically on 12 April 2002 by Redbus Film Distribution, the film surprised critics and was met with mostly positive reviews and it earned over $76 million on a $6 million budget. A stage musical opened at Londons Phoenix Theatre on 24 June 2015. Jesminder Jess Bhamra is the 18-year-old daughter of Punjabi Sikhs living in Hounslow, juliette Jules Paxton is the same age and the daughter of a native English family. Jess is infatuated with football, but because shes a woman, however, she sometimes plays in the park with boys including her best friend, Tony, a closet homosexual. Whilst on a jog through the park, Jules discovers Jesss skills, befriends her, and invites her to try out for the womens football team. Jess is extremely happy and excited about the tryouts, even though Joe is skeptical about a new player joining the team, after seeing Jesss skills, Joe accepts her on the team and Jess lies to Joe about her parents being cool with the idea. Her parents eventually discover that Jess has been playing football behind their backs, Jesss parents become more strict, the elder Bhamras are also distracted by their elaborate wedding plans for Jesss older sister, Pinky. Thanks to Jess and Juless skills, the Harriers reach the finals of the league tournament, unfortunately, the final and Pinkys wedding are on the same day. When Jess goes to Juless house to try to patch up their friendship, Juless mother is misled, Joe accepts that Jess isnt allowed to play, and the final begins without her. But halfway through Pinkys wedding, Tony convinces Mr. Bhamra to let Jess go and he agrees, and Tony drives Jess to the game, where the Harriers are losing 1-0 with half an hour left. Jess and Jules tie the score, and when Jess is awarded a free kick and she succeeds and the Harriers win the tournament. Jess and Jules are offered scholarships at Santa Clara University in California, Jules and her mother arrive at the wedding so that Jules can celebrate with Jess. When Mrs. Paxton accuses Jess of being a hypocrite and a lesbian, Jules grabs her mother, Jess still hasnt told her parents about the scholarship. Tony decides to lie to the family and tells them hes engaged to Jess as long as she gets to go to any college she wants, Jess reveals the lie and her mother blames Jesss father for allowing her to play. Jesss father convinces her mother to accept Jesss wishes after telling her he doesnt want Jess suffering as he did, Jess flees to the football field to tell Joe of her parents decision
Bend It Like Beckham
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British theatrical release poster
Bend It Like Beckham
–
The film was located in
Hounslow in west
London.
Bend It Like Beckham
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Jonathan Rhys Meyers was praised by critics for his performance.
12.
Ang Lee
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Ang Lee OBS is a Taiwanese-born film director, screenwriter and producer. Lees earlier films, such as The Wedding Banquet, Pushing Hands, Lee also deals with repressed, hidden emotions in many of his films, including Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, The Ice Storm, Hulk, and Brokeback Mountain. Lees work is known for its charge, which critics believe is responsible for his success in offsetting cultural barriers. Ang Lee was born in a Waishengren family, in a Military dependents village of the Republic of China Armed Forces located at Chaochou, Pingtung, both of Lees parents moved from Mainland China to Taiwan following the Chinese civil war in 1949. He grew up in a household that put emphasis on education. Lee studied in the Provincial Tainan First Senior High School where his father was the principal and he was expected to pass the annual Joint College/University Entrance Examination, the only route to a university education in Taiwan. But after failing the exam twice, to the disappointment of his father, he entered a college, the National Arts School. His father had wanted him to become a professor, but he had interested in drama. This early frustration set his career on the path of performance art, seeing Ingmar Bergmans film The Virgin Spring was a formative experience for him. Originally, Lee was interested in acting, but his challenges with speaking English made it difficult, at UIUC, Lee met his future wife Jane Lin, also a Taiwanese student, who pursued her Ph. D. degree. Thereupon, he enrolled at the Tisch School of the Arts of New York University and he was a classmate of Spike Lee and worked on the crew of his thesis film, Joes Bed-Stuy Barbershop, We Cut Heads. During graduate school, Lee finished a 16mm short film, Shades of the Lake and his own thesis work, a 43-minute drama, Fine Line, won NYUs Wasserman Award for Outstanding Direction and was later selected for the Public Broadcasting Service. Lees NYU thesis drew attention from the William Morris Agency, the famous talent, at first, though, WMA found Lee few opportunities, and Lee remained unemployed for six years. During this time, he was a full-time house-husband, while his wife Jane Lin and this arrangement put enormous pressure on the couple, but with Lins support and understanding, Lee did not abandon his career in film but continued to generate new ideas from movies and performances. He also wrote several screenplays during this time, in 1990, Lee submitted two screenplays, Pushing Hands and The Wedding Banquet, to a competition sponsored by Taiwans Government Information Office, and they came in first and second, respectively. The winning screenplays brought Lee to the attention of Li-Kong Hsu, Hsu, a first-time producer, invited Lee to direct Pushing Hands, a full-length feature that debuted in 1991. The Father Knows Best trilogy Pushing Hands was a success in Taiwan both among critics and at the box office and it received eight nominations in the Golden Horse Film Festival, Taiwans premier film festival. In all, this film collected eleven Taiwanese and international awards and these first two movies were based on stories of Chinese Americans, and both were filmed in the US
Ang Lee
–
Lee at the
2009 Venice International Film Festival
13.
Golden Lion
–
The Golden Lion is the highest prize given to a film at the Venice Film Festival. The prize was introduced in 1949 by the committee and is now regarded as one of the film industrys most distinguished prizes. In 1970, a second Golden Lion was introduced, this is an award for people who have made an important contribution to cinema. The prize was introduced in 1949 as the Golden Lion of Saint Mark, previously, the equivalent prize was the Gran Premio Internazionale di Venezia, awarded in 1947 and 1948. Before that, from 1934 until 1942, the highest awards were the Coppa Mussolini for Best Italian Film, no Golden Lions were awarded between 1969 and 1979. Sixty-eight produced a dramatic fracture with the past,14 French films have been awarded the Golden Lion, more than that of any other nation. However, there is considerable diversity in the winners. Five American filmmakers have won the Golden Lion, with awards for John Cassavetes and Robert Altman, as well as Ang Lee, Darren Aronofsky and Sofia Coppola. The Golden Lion, by contrast, has awarded to ten Asians during the same time period. Ang Lee won the Golden Lion twice within three years during the 2000s, once for an American film and once for a Chinese-language film, zhang Yimou has also won twice. Other Asians to win the Golden Lion since 1980 include Jia Zhangke, Hou Hsiao-Hsien, Tsai Ming-liang, Trần Anh Hùng, Takeshi Kitano, Kim Ki-duk, Jafar Panahi, Mira Nair, and Lav Diaz. Russian filmmakers have won the Golden Lion several times, including since the end of the USSR. Still, to date 33 of the 54 winners were European men, since 1949 only four women have ever won the Golden Lion for directing, Mira Nair, Sofia Coppola, German Margarethe von Trotta and Belgiums Agnès Varda. In comparison to the other major Western European festivals, the Berlinales Golden Bear has also awarded to four women. In the history of Cannes, only one woman filmmaker has been awarded the Palme dOr
Golden Lion
–
The Golden Lion won by
New German Cinema director
Margarethe von Trotta for her 1981 film
Marianne and Juliane
14.
David O. Russell
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David Owen Russell is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. His early directing career includes the comedy films Spanking the Monkey, Flirting with Disaster, Three Kings, Russell received his seventh Golden Globe nomination for the semi-biographical comedy-drama Joy. Russell was born in Manhattan, to Maria and Bernard Russell and his parents worked for Simon & Schuster, his father was the vice president of sales for the company and his mother was a secretary there. His father was from a Russian Jewish family and his mother was Italian American, russells maternal grandparents were Frank Muzio, born in Craco, and Philomena Brancata, born in Ferrandina, both in the province of Matera. His paternal grandfather, a butcher from the Upper West Side of Manhattan, Russell was raised in Larchmont, New York, in an atheist, middle-class household. When he was 13, he made his first film for a school project and he attended Mamaroneck High School, where he was voted Class Rebel. He fell in love with film in his teens but aspired to become a writer, Russell started a newspaper in high school and his parents worked for a publishing company, so he grew up in a household filled with books and novels. Russell received his A. B. degree from Amherst College and he wrote his senior thesis on the United States intervention in Chile from 1963 to 1973. After graduating from Amherst, Russell traveled to Nicaragua and taught in a Sandinista literacy program and he worked manual labor jobs, including waitering, bartending, and catering. Some of his colleagues included members of the Blue Man Group. He worked for an association and later became a community organizer in Maine. He used video equipment to document slums and bad housing conditions, Russell was a political activist and canvassed and raised money in neighborhoods, he also did community work in Bostons South End. In addition to working in several day jobs, he began to write short films, Russell directed a documentary about Panamanian immigrants in Boston, which led to a job as a production assistant on a PBS series called Smithsonian World. In 1987, Russell wrote, produced, and directed Bingo Inferno, A Parody on American Obsessions, two years later, he made another short titled Hairway to the Stars, which featured Bette Davis and William Hickey. Both shorts were shown at the Sundance Film Festival, after Russell made an award-winning short film for a Boston television station, he received grants from the New York State Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts. Instead of the money going towards a feature about a fortune cookie writer, he decided to make Spanking the Monkey, as a result, Russell had to return the funds to the NEA. Spanking the Monkey, the 1994 independent dark comedy, was his first directorial effort, the film was produced by Dean Silvers, and starred Jeremy Davies as a troubled young man and Alberta Watson as his lonely mother. His next project was the Miramax comedy Flirting with Disaster, his collaboration with Dean Silvers
David O. Russell
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Russell at the
Paris premiere of
American Hustle, February 2014
15.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Award
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Academy Awards
Academy Award
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Award
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Award
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
16.
Silver Linings Playbook
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Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy drama film written and directed by David O. Russell. It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook, by Matthew Quick, the film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence, with Robert De Niro, Jacki Weaver, Chris Tucker, Anupam Kher, and Julia Stiles in supporting roles. Cooper plays Patrick Pat Solitano, Jr. a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a hospital and moves back in with his parents, played by Robert De Niro. The two become closer as they train and Pat, his father, and Tiffany examine their relationships with other as they cope with their problems. Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8,2012, the film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades. It received eight Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director, the film was a success at the box office, grossing over $236 million worldwide, more than eleven times its budget. After eight months of treatment in a health facility for bipolar disorder, Patrick Pat Solitano is released into the care of his father Patrizio. His main focus is to reconcile with his wife, Nikki. She has moved away and obtained an order against him after Pat had found her in the shower with another man. During his time in the clinic Pat befriends Danny McDaniels, an man who is embroiled in a legal dispute with the clinic on whether or not he is eligible to leave. Pats therapist, Dr. Patel, does his best to him to keep taking his medication. But Pat tells him that he has a new outlook on life, he attempts to see the good, or silver linings, at dinner with his friend Ronnie and his wife Veronica, Pat meets Veronicas sister Tiffany Maxwell, a young widow with depression and relationship problems. Sparks fly between Pat and Tiffany and she tries to connect by offering sex, but Pat keeps focusing on getting Nikki back. Tiffany tries to get closer to Pat and even offers to deliver a letter to Nikki—if, in return, he will practice dancing with her and he reluctantly agrees and the two begin a rigorous practice regimen over the following weeks. Pat believes the competition will be a way to show Nikki that he has changed. Patrizio hopes to open his own restaurant and has resorted to illegal bookmaking, having put virtually all of his money on the outcome of a Philadelphia Eagles game, he asks Pat to attend as a good-luck charm. Danny is eventually released from the clinic, and teaches Pat, Pat asks Tiffany for time off from practice to attend the game. She gives him a reply from Nikki, in which she cautiously hints there may be a chance for reconciliation between them
Silver Linings Playbook
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Theatrical release poster
Silver Linings Playbook
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Cooper received his first
Academy Award nomination for his performance.
Silver Linings Playbook
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Lawrence won the
Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance
17.
Vijay (1988 film)
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Anupam Kher won the Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award for his performance. The role played by Anil Kapoor was written originally for Mithun Chakraborty, the plot of the film was inspired by Chopras previous film Trishul. This was the last action film Yash Chopra directed and the last action film produced under Yash Raj Films for 16 years until Dhoom released in 2004, widowed Lala Yodhraj Bhalla lives in a palatial house with his daughter, Suman, and son, Shashiraj. Both of his children are of marriageable age and he gets a shock when he finds out that Suman is in love with a lowly employee by the name of Ajit Bhardwaj, and refuses to give his consent for their marriage. Suman and Ajit get married in a ceremony, and Suman moves to Ajits house. Yodhraj gets another shock when Shashiraj tells him that he would like to marry Rita, Yodhraj asks Shashiraj to go for a trip out of town in his private air-plane. With Shashiraj out of the way, Yodhraj goes to a pregnant Rita and asks her never to see Shashiraj again, twenty five years later, Yodhraj still lives in his palatial house with Suman and Vikram. A grown-up Arjun lives with his adopted father Inder Sen after the death of his mother Rita and he meets and befriends Vikram but is completely unaware that they are cousins. What happens when he discovers Vikram is his cousin, what revenge has he got planned for his grandfather Yodhraj. and what happens to Ajit Bharadwaj who has also lost his wife Suman and son to Yodhraj. Cameo appearance as Young Arjun Neil Mukesh, cameo appearance as Young Vikram Anjana Mumtaz. Mrs. Inder S. Gujral Anju Mahendru, guy who try to shoot anil kapoor at beach The music of Vijay was composed by Shiv Kumar Sharma and Hariprasad Chaurasia, known together as Shiv-Hari. The song lyrics were provided by Nida Fazli, most of the songs were shot in Switzerland, Chopras trademark and almost all the songs were picturised on films lead actress Meenakshi Seshadri. Vijay at the Internet Movie Database
Vijay (1988 film)
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Promotional Poster
18.
Central Board of Film Certification
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The Central Board of Film Certification is a statutory censorship and classification body under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. It is tasked with regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952, Films can be publicly exhibited in India only after they are certified by the Board, including films shown on television. CBFC India is considered to be one of the most powerful film censor boards in the due to its strict ways of functioning. Though the first film in India was produced in 1913 by Dadasaheb Phalke, censor Boards were placed under police chiefs in cities of Madras, Bombay, Calcutta, Lahore and Rangoon. After Independence autonomy of regional censors was abolished and they were brought under the Bombay Board of Film Censors, with implementation of Cinematograph Act,1952, the board was unified and reconstituted, as the Central Board of Film Censors. Cinematograph Rules were revised in 1983 and since then the Central Board of Film Censors became known as the Central Board of Film Certification, Films are certified under 4 categories. Initially, there were two categories of certificates – U and A. Two more categories were added in June 1983 – U/A and S, in addition to these certifications the board may also refuse to certify. U Films with the U certification are fit for unrestricted public exhibition and these films can contain universal themes like education, family, drama, romance, sci-fi, action etc. Now, these films can contain some mild violence. It may also contain very mild sexual scenes, U/A Films with the U/A certification can contain moderate adult themes, that are not strong in nature and can be watched by a child under parental guidance. These films can contain some violence, moderate sex, frightening scenes and muted abusive. A Films with the A certification are available for public exhibition and these films can contain heavily strong violence, strong sex, strong abusive language, and even some controversial and adult themes considered unsuitable for young viewers. Such films are often recertified for TV and video viewing, which doesnt happen in case of U, S Films with S certification should not be viewed by the public. Only people associated with it, have permission to watch those films, additionally, V/U, V/UA, V/A are used for video releases with U, U/A and A carrying the same meaning as above. In addition to the certifications above there is also the possibility of the board refusing to certify the film at all, the Board consist of 25 other non-official members and a Chairperson. Pahlaj Nihalani presently presides the Board after Leela Samson who resigned after the CBFCs rejection of a certificate for the film MSG, earlier, Leela Samson had succeeded Sharmila Tagore, who was the longest continuous running Chairperson in the history. Nihalani is now the 27th Chairperson after the Boards establishment and his appointment is highly controversial given his propensity for censoring films instead of merely certifying them
Central Board of Film Certification
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Central Board of Film Certification
19.
National School of Drama
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National School of Drama is a theatre training institute situated at New Delhi, India. It is an organization under Ministry of Culture, Government of India. It was set up in 1959 by the Sangeet Natak Akademi, in 2005 it was granted deemed university status, but in 2011 it was revoked on the institutes request. In the following year, the government merged it with the newly founded school, initially the school was situated at Nizamuddin West, and was called National School of Drama and Asian Theatre Institute, whose first batch passed out in 1961. Later when it moved to its present location, he designed two theatres for NSD, including a 200-seat studio theatre, and the open-air Meghdoot theatre. However, the place is known by adjacent Mandi House. In 1999, the School organized its first National Theatre Festival, Bharat Rang Mahotsav, waman Kendre was appointed as Director the school in 2013. He will serve a five-year term and he has done post-graduate with research in folk theatre of Kerala from NSD. He belongs to the nomadic Vanjara tribal community of Marathwada and was one of the lights of the Dalit theatre movement in Maharashtra in the late 1970s. On 16 March 2005, the Government of India granted the NSD the status of deemed university, thus, in October 2011 the status was revoked on request of NSD. The professional performing wing of NSD, the National School of Drama Repertory Company was set up in 1964 and it first head was Om Shivpuri, followed by Manohar Singh, Ram Gopal Bajaj, J. N. Kaushal, Anuradha Kapur, and Suresh Sharma, Sagar Kamble, in 2004, the repertory celebrated its 40th anniversary with a theatre festival in New Delhi. In 1989 NSD established the ‘Theatre-in-Education Company’, called Sanskaar Rang Toli, today it has become Indias premier educational resource centres, the company regularly performs plays for school and adults audiences alike, and has its own yearly theatre festivals, Jashn-e-Bachpan and Bal Sangam. In a bid to decentralize its activities, NSD opened Regional Resource Centres across India, Shah, Manohar Singh, Uttara Baokar, Ratan Thiyam, Prasanna, Surekha Sikri, Naseeruddin Shah, Mohan Maharishi, M. K. Raina, Bansi Kaul, Ram Gopal Bajaj, B, kaushal, Ashok Kumar Giri, Devendra Raj Ankur, Anuradha Kapur, Suresh Bhardwaj, H. V. Sharma, Ranjit Kapoor, V. K. Sharma, Rohini Hattangadi. M. nic. in/NFA_archive. asp Rang yatra, twenty-five years of the National School of Drama Repertory Company, published by National School of Drama,1992. Official website of the NSD Bharat Rang Mahotsav, Official website NSD Alumni - Activities and Associations
National School of Drama
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राष्ट्रीय नाट्य विद्यालय
20.
Government of India
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It is located in New Delhi, the capital of India. There is a bicameral Parliament with the Lok Sabha as a lower house, the judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court,24 high courts, and several district courts, all inferior to the Supreme Court. Similar to the government, individual state governments each consist of executive, legislative. The legal system as applicable to the federal and individual state governments is based on the English Common, the full name of the country is the Republic of India. No other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name appears on legal banknotes, in treaties. The Union Government, Central Government or Government of India are often used in an official and unofficial capacity to refer to the Government of India, because the seat of government is in New Delhi, New Delhi is commonly used as a metonym for the Central Government. Legislative branch in India is exercised by the Parliament and a legislature consisting of the Rajya Sabha. The latter is considered the house or the House of the people. The Parliament does not have control and sovereignty, as its laws are subject to judicial review by the Supreme Court of India. However, it does exercise some control over the executive branch, the members of the cabinet, including the prime minister and the Council of Ministers, are either chosen from parliament or elected there to within six months of assuming office. The cabinet as a whole is responsible to the Lok Sabha, the Lok Sabha is a temporary house and can only be dissolved when the party in power loses the support of the majority of the house. Whereas the Rajya Sabha is a permanent house which can never be dissolved though the members of the Rajya Sabha who are elected for a six-year term, the Executive Branch of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy. The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the idea of the separation of powers. The executive power is vested mainly in the President of India, the President has all constitutional powers and exercises them directly or through officers subordinate to him as per the aforesaid Article 53. The President is to act in accordance with aid and advice tendered by the Prime Minister, the Council of Ministers remains in power during the pleasure of the President. However, in practice, the Council of Ministers must retain the support of the Lok Sabha, if a President were to dismiss the Council of Ministers on his or her own initiative, it might trigger a constitutional crisis. Thus, in practice, the Council of Ministers cannot be dismissed as long as it holds the support of a majority in the Lok Sabha, the President is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. His/Her work is to facilitate smooth transaction of business in Ministries/ Departments of the Government, the President is de jure the Commander in Chief of the Indian Armed Forces
Government of India
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The
Parliament of India in the background.
Government of India
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The
Rashtrapati Bhawan, residence of the
President of India.
Government of India
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The
Red Fort in
New Delhi. The
Prime Minister of India addresses the nation on the occasion of
Independence Day, from the
ramparts of this fort.
Government of India
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The
Cabinet Secretariat of India.
21.
Aagman
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Aagaman is a 1982 Hindi language drama film directed by Muzaffar Ali and produced by Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane Seed and Development Corporation under the banner of Integrated Films. The cast included Saeed Jaffrey, Suresh Oberoi, Dilip Dhawan, Anupam Kher, Bharat Bhushan, the film marked the debut of Anupam Kher. In 2012 The Hollywood Reporter included him in its list of five best actors in Asia, the plot involved the politics and working techniques of Uttar Pradesh sugarcane co-operative societies. Upon release the film received mixed reviews, in November 2012 the film was shown at the 43rd International Film Festival of India. In a village of Awadh, sugarcane planters are exploited by mill owner, a young man returns to this village after receiving a degree in law from a reputed university of Lucknow. Seeing the poor condition of planters he urges them to stop selling their sugarcane to the mill owner, the mill owner, his landlord-agent and son discourage the villagers from doing so. The mill owners son urges the people to form a planters union, initially the villagers trust him but after continuous persuasions from the young man and realising that only self-sufficiency can improve their condition, they unite and set up their own mill. In the end the man marries a village girl who was very active in the movement. Uttar Pradesh Sugarcane Seed and Development Corporation provided the necessary budget, R. N. Trivedi and Asghar Wajahat wrote the films story, Ustad Ghulam Mustafa Khan composed the films music and the lyrics were written by Faiz Ahmad Faiz and Hasrat Jaipuri. Upon release the film received mixed reviews from film critics, Muzaffar Alis early films like Gaman, Umrao Jaan and Aagaman focused on Awadh. In an article published in 2012, Business Standard noted that To Ali goes the credit of portraying Awadh truthfully on cinema, sumit Mitra of India Today called it a disappointing film and criticised Alis film-making technique and cinematography. He added that Alis approach to direction is more that of film club enthusiast than film maker, Mitra criticised the promotional nature of the film by saying that the state owned co-operative societies have dominated the market but praised Saeed Jaffreys acting. Aagaman at the Internet Movie Database
Aagman
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Aagaman was Anupam Kher's first film
22.
Saaransh
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Saaransh is a 1984 Hindi drama film directed by Mahesh Bhatt and starring Anupam Kher, Rohini Hattangadi, Madan Jain, Nilu Phule, Suhas Bhalekar and Soni Razdan. It is about an elderly Maharashtrian couple living in Mumbai who come to terms with the loss of their only son and this was the screen debut of Anupam Kher. The film had music by Ajit Verman and lyrics by Vasant Dev and it was distributed by Rajshri Productions. It was chosen as Indias official entry for the 1985 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, the movie begins with B. V. Pradhan waking up early in the morning to write a letter to his son, Ajay, who lives in New York. Midway through the letter, Pradhan remembers the tragic reality, Pradhan received a call from a friend of his son, Ajay, that Ajay has been killed in a mugging in New York. Pradhans best friend, Vishwanath, and Pradhans wife, Parvati are both worried that even though its been 3 months, Pradhan has yet to come to terms with the loss of his only son. Pradhan confesses to Vishwanath that after the loss of his son and he tries to commit suicide by diving under a speeding car, albeit unsuccessfully. Due to the death of their son, Pradhan has no source of income, so they rent out a room of their Shivaji Park apartment to a budding Bollywood actress, Sujata is romantically involved with Vilas, the only son of an influential politician Gajanan Chitre. Vilas wishes to marry Sujata, but he not tell his father about Sujata out of cowardice. Meanwhile, Pradhan receives a letter that his sons ashes. When Pradhan goes to the office to collect them, he is disrespected. Pradhan demands that his sons ashes be handed to him immediately and breaks down to tears, upon which the officer consoles Pradhan, the officer apologises for the inconvenience and assures Pradhan that the remaining items will be transferred to Pradhan as soon as possible. Pradhan, an atheist, gives his sons ashes to Parvati, the Pandit tells Pradhan and Parvati that Ajay will soon be reincarnated, in the form of a baby, near them. Disillusioned, Pradhan takes some of Ajays ashes and spreads them near a park bench in the nearby kids park, realising the futility of his painful life, Pradhan tries to commit suicide by ingesting liquid poison. Parvati implores him to change his mind, but Pradhan does not relent, finally, they both decide to end their lives by consuming poison together. Just as Pradhan and Parvati are about to commit suicide, Sujata informs Vilas that shes pregnant, when Vilas still shows indecisiveness in marrying Sujata, she calls him a coward and throws him out. When Pradhan finds out, he offers to take Sujata to meet Gajanan with the hope that he will permit Sujata, however, Pradhan, out of principle, refuses to let a helpless Sujata leave and provides her a safe haven in his house. Parvati, upon hearing that Sujata is with a baby, starts believing that the baby in Sujatas womb is, in fact and she starts caring for Sujata and her beliefs about Ajay being reincarnated get even more firmly entrenched in her mind
Saaransh
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Film poster
23.
Karma (1986 film)
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The film reunites Subhash Ghai and Dilip Kumar after the success of their last film together Vidhaata. The film also marked the first time Dilip Kumar was paired with veteran actress Nutan, rana Vishwa Pratap Singh is an ex- high ranking police officer who is in charge of a jail that successfully reforms criminals. He also makes it clear that through bribes and favours he will be released very shortly, the following day Dang assaults a prison warden during an argument about the condition of his cell. On hearing this, Singh goes to Dangs cell and slaps him, Dang then vows to personally take revenge on Singh. While Singh is away, Dangs army successfully locate the prison and they then set about destroying the prison and killing everyone including Singhs family who reside nearby. After a period of mourning Singh decides to embark on a mission to bring Dang, Singhs plan is to train an elite unit, the members of which will be selected from death row. He believes the offer of freedom will motivate the prisoners to swap a life of crime for one of honor, the mission is approved by the Indian government and Singh successfully recruits Baiju Thakur, Johnny/Gyaneshwar, and a former terrorist Khairuddin Chishti. Under the guise of being forest rangers, Singh and his recruits set up base near the Indian border near where they believe Dr Dangs compound is located, Singh and his three soldiers form a strong family bond during their training. However Baiju and Johnny fall in love with local women. Each time they are recaptured by Singh who firmly reminds them that they can continue with the mission or return to death row. Khairuddin pleads with Singh to let Baiju and Johnny leave as he believes they have been reformed, Singh is not pleased and reminds Khairuddin that he granted them life on the basis that they would fight to the end. As far as he is concerned they are here to complete the mission only, the mission takes a setback when Singh is shot by the terrorists whilst protecting his three soldiers who are locked in a nearby building. Singh is taken to a hospital and placed on life support, the three soldiers are distraught and realise they need to complete the mission for Singh. They then receive intelligence on the location of Dr Dangs compound which they successfully infiltrate. With the help of hostages who have been held captive by the terrorists, they set about destroying the compound and it soon becomes apparent that the destruction of the heavily guarded munitions centre is the only way the terrorists organisation can be defeated. Khairuddin hatches a plan that involves driving a truck filled with explosives into the heart of the building, Baiju and Johnny argue that the plan is too dangerous and they would all be killed in the process. However Khairuddin wants to sacrifice himself so that his friends can enjoy their new found freedom, Baiju and Johnny are forcibly removed off the truck by Khairuddin who then goes on to destroy the munitions centre at the cost of his life. Johnny and Baiju return to the compound and kill the remaining terrorists bringing the battle to its conclusion
Karma (1986 film)
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Poster
24.
Shahrukh Khan
–
Shah Rukh Khan, also known as SRK, is an Indian film actor, producer and television personality. Referred to in the media as the Baadshah of Bollywood, King of Bollywood or King Khan, he has appeared in more than 80 Bollywood films, Khan has a significant following in Asia and the Indian diaspora worldwide. In terms of size and income, he has been described as one of the most successful film stars in the world. Khan began his career appearances in several television series in the late 1980s. He made his Bollywood debut in 1992 with Deewana, early in his career, Khan was recognised for portraying villainous roles in the films Darr, Baazigar and Anjaam. He then rose to prominence starring in a series of romantic films, including Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, Dil To Pagal Hai, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, Mohabbatein. He earned critical acclaim for his portrayal of an alcoholic in Devdas, a NASA scientist in Swades, India and a man with Asperger syndrome in My Name Is Khan. His highest-grossing films include the comedies Chennai Express and Happy New Year, many of his films display themes of Indian national identity and connections with diaspora communities, or gender, racial, social and religious differences and grievances. For his contributions to film, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, and he is a frequent television presenter and stage show performer. The media often label him as Brand SRK because of his many endorsement, Khans philanthropic endeavours have provided health care and disaster relief, and he was honoured with UNESCOs Pyramide con Marni award in 2011 for his support of childrens education. He regularly features in listings of the most influential people in Indian culture, Khan was born on 2 November 1965 in a Muslim family in New Delhi. He spent the first five years of his life in Mangalore, according to Khan, his paternal grandfather, Jan Muhammad, an ethnic Pathan was from Afghanistan. Shah Rukh Khan also said in his interviews that he is a Pathan from Peshawar, Khans father, Meer Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist in Peshawar, British India. As of 2010, Khans paternal family was living in Shah Wali Qataal area of Peshawars Qissa Khawani Bazaar. Meer was a follower of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, and affiliated with the All Indian National Congress and he moved to New Delhi in 1948 partition of India. Khans mother, Lateef Fatima, was the daughter of a government engineer. His parents were married in 1959, Khan described himself on Twitter as half Hyderabadi, half Pathan, some Kashmiri. His paternal cousins in Peshawar claim that the family is of Hindkowan origin from Kashmir, not Pashtun, Khan grew up in the Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood of Delhi
Shahrukh Khan
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Khan at a media event for
Kolkata Knight Riders in 2012
Shahrukh Khan
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Khan with his wife
Gauri at a party in 2012
Shahrukh Khan
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Khan with co-star
Kajol in 2014 celebrating 1000 weeks continuous showing of their film
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge
Shahrukh Khan
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Khan with co-star
Aishwarya Rai at the home video launch of their film
Devdas (2002)
25.
Darr
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Darr, A Violent Love Story is a 1993 Indian psychological thriller directed by Yash Chopra under the banner of Yash Raj Films. It stars Sunny Deol, Juhi Chawla and Shah Rukh Khan in the pivotal roles, in the film, Shah Rukh Khan played the role of an obsessive lover. The film was received by critics and audiences, earning the film and its actors accolades. It has attained classic status over the years and is regarded as one of Chopras best, Darr was later remade in Kannada as Preethse. The film begins with Kiran, a student, returning home for Holi celebrations and being obsessively stalked along the way by Rahul. Kirans boyfriend Sunil is a Navy Marine Commando officer, and is on a mission to free a hostage from some terrorists on the high seas. Sunils Captain Mehra is also the father of Rahul, Rahul tries to be friendly with Sunil in order to be closer to Kiran. When Kiran reaches her brother Vijays home, she is stalked by Rahul on the phone. This causes much stress to herself and her family and he crashes Kirans familys Holi celebrations incognito as a member of the band. When Rahul receives the news of Kiran and Sunils engagement, he tries to shoot and he misses his aim and Sunil begins to chase him, from which Rahul narrowly escapes being recognised by Sunil. Kiran and Sunil get married but Rahul still refuses to give up on Kiran and he defaces the newly married couples home with graffiti declaring his love, causing more distress to them. To get away from the stalker, Sunil takes Kiran on a honeymoon to Switzerland. Learning their location through devious means, Rahul turns up at their hotel in the Alps, Kiran recognizes him from college and the couple welcome him to be part of their festivities. That very evening, Sunil finds out from Kirans brother Vijay that Rahul is the one who has been Kirans stalker all along and he sends Kiran away on a boat and confronts Rahul. Rahul tries to run but Sunil catches up with him in a forest where they have a fight, Rahul stabs Sunil with knife after feigning surrender, and leaves him for dead. He then goes to the boat and tries to forcefully abduct Kiran, but Sunil comes back and brutally beats him before shooting and killing him. Kiran and Sunil then return to India and reunite with their family, rishi Kapoor and Ajits son Arbaaz Ali Khan were offered Sunils role before him, but they rejected it. Yash Chopra offered Deol the choice between playing the roles of Rahul and Sunil, and he chose the latter believing it would be an asset to his career
Darr
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Poster
Darr
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Darr
26.
Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
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Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge, also known by the initialism DDLJ, is an Indian romance film written and directed by Aditya Chopra and produced by his father Yash Chopra. Released on 20 October 1995, the film stars Shah Rukh Khan, the plot revolves around Raj and Simran, two young non-resident Indians, who fall in love during a vacation through Europe with their friends. Raj tries to win over Simrans family so the couple can marry, the film was shot in India, London and Switzerland, from September 1994 to August 1995. Earning ₹1.06 billion in India and ₹160 million overseas, Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge became the highest grossing Bollywood film of the year, and one of the most successful Indian films of all time. It won 10 Filmfare Awards, the most for a film at that time. Its soundtrack album became one of the most popular of the 1990s, many critics praised the film, which connected with different segments of society by simultaneously promoting strong family values and the following of ones own heart. Its success led other makers to target the non-resident Indian audience. It spawned many imitations of its story and style, and homages to specific scenes and it is the longest-running film in the history of Indian cinema. As of 2017, over 20 years after its first release, Raj Malhotra and Simran Singh are non-resident Indians living in London. Simran was raised by her strict and conservative father, Baldev Singh, Simran always dreams of meeting her ideal man. Her mother Lajjo warns her against this, saying dreams are good, one day, Baldev receives a letter from his friend Ajit, who lives in Punjab. Ajit wants to keep a promise he and Baldev made to each other 20 years ago—to have Simran marry his son Kuljeet, Simran is disappointed—she does not want to marry someone whom she has never met. One evening, Raj enters Baldevs shop after closing time to buy beer, Baldev refuses and Raj grabs a case of beer, throws the money on the counter and runs away. Baldev, infuriated, calls Raj a disgrace to India, meanwhile, Rajs father has agreed to his request to go on a train trip across Europe with his friends, and Simrans friends have invited her to go on the same trip. Simran asks her father to let her see the world before her marriage, on the trip, Raj and Simran meet. Raj constantly flirts with Simran, much to her irritation, the two miss their train to Zurich and are separated from their friends. They start to travel with one another and become friends, Raj falls in love with Simran on the journey, when they part ways in London, Simran realises she is in love with him too. Simran tells her mother about the boy she met, Baldev overhears the conversation and he says the family will move to India the next day
Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
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Theatrical release poster
Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
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The Church of Saint Grat in Montbovon, one of the filming locations in Switzerland
Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
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Shah Rukh Khan and Kajol celebrating 1000 weeks of continuous showing of Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge in 2014
Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
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Kajol and Shah Rukh Khan in the climactic train scene
27.
Chaahat (1996 film)
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Chaahat is a 1996 Bollywood romantic musical film by director Mahesh Bhatt. The cast of film is Shahrukh Khan, Pooja Bhatt, Naseeruddin Shah, Ramya Krishna. Red Chillies acquired right of film from Mahesh Bhatt in October 2013. Roop Rathore is a singer in Bombay just like his father, one day, while he is singing at Ajay Narangs hotel, Ajays sister Reshma falls in love with Roop. Reshma is a girl and Ajay looks through all of her wishes. Unfortunately, Roop is in love with a doctor named Pooja, meanwhile, Reshma is obsessed with Roop, and asks her brother to call him again to sing in their hotel. But when she sees all the girls are flattered over Roop, she gets very angry. However Roop prefers to work for the rival, Patel than take this offer, Ajays obsession with keeping his sister happy at all costs comes into play and Patel is brutally beaten by him until he agrees to throw Roop out of his hotel. Desperately in need of money for his fathers operation, Roop has no option, the operation of his father is successful, but his father is saddened by his situation and decides to leave Bombay. Roop later tries to leave Bombay himself, along with his father and Pooja, nevertheless, Pooja and Roop get married. Frustrated with such turn of events, Reshma and her brother Ajay devise many plans to make their life miserable, at the end of the movie, Roops father is killed by Ajay, and when Roop tries to save Pooja, he and Ajay get involved in a fight. Reshma threatens to kill Pooja if Roop wont stop fighting with her brother, cameo Chaahat grossed ₹11.61 crore in India and $250,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of ₹12.48 crore, against its ₹5.25 crore budget. It had an opening weekend of ₹2.99 crore. It is the 14th-highest-grossing film of 1996 worldwide and it opened on Friday,21 June 1996, across 190 screens, and earned ₹61 lakh nett on its opening day. It grossed ₹1.77 crore nett in its opening weekend, the film earned a total of ₹6.87 crore nett, and was declared Below Average by Box Office India. It is the 15th-highest-grossing film of 1996 in India, overseas, It is the 4th-highest-grossing film of 1996. Chaahat at the Internet Movie Database
Chaahat (1996 film)
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Chaahat चाहत چاہت
28.
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
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Kuch Kuch Hota Hai also known as KKHH, is an Indian Hindi coming-of-age romantic comedy drama film, released in India and the United Kingdom on 16 October 1998. It was written and directed by Karan Johar, and starred the popular pair of Shah Rukh Khan. Rani Mukerji featured in a role, while Salman Khan also had an appearance. Filmed in India, Mauritius, and Scotland, this was Karan Johars directorial debut, one of his goals for the film was to set a new level for style in Hindi cinema. The plot combines two love triangles set years apart, the first half covers friends on a college campus, while the second tells the story of a widowers young daughter who tries to reunite her dad with his old friend. The film was also the first Bollywood film to enter the UK cinema top ten, outside India, the film was the highest grossing Hindi film ever until its record was broken by Karans next directorial, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham. Kuch Kuch Hota Hai received a reception from critics, with special praise directed to Kajols performance. The soundtrack also became the biggest seller of the year, the film won 8 Filmfare Awards and is the only film in history to win all the four acting category awards at the ceremony. The film remains popular on Indian television and has achieved a cult classic status. The film begins with Rahul Khanna standing in front of the pyre of his wife Tina. Through a series of flashbacks we are shown Rahul & Tinas marriage, their honeymoon, Tinas pregnancy with their daughter and the childs eventual birth. It is revealed that Tina was aware of complications in her pregnancy, during which only mother or child could be saved, but decided not to tell Rahul as she knew how much he wanted a child. During her pregnancy, Tina, who loved the baby more than her own life, writes eight letters to her daughter. Before dying, Tina asks Rahul to promise her to name their daughter Anjali, eight years pass, and Rahul is a single parent living with his daughter Anjali Khanna and his mother. On her eighth birthday, Anjali reads the last and most important letter that her left her. A flashback begins from St. Xaviers College, where Rahul Khanna and his best friend, the two are close friends but deny any romantic feelings for each other. The college principal Mr. Malhotra states that his daughter Tina is coming to St. Xaviers from London to finish her degree, Tina quickly becomes friends with Anjali and Rahul, and Rahul constantly flirts with Tina, trying to win her over. As time goes by, Anjali realises that she is indeed in love with Rahul, before she is able to declare her feelings for him, Rahul instead tells Anjali that he is in love with Tina
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
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Theatrical poster
29.
Mohabbatein
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Mohabbatein is a 2000 Indian musical romantic drama film directed by Aditya Chopra. It was Chopras second directorial venture after Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge and was filmed at India, the film stars Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan in pivotal roles, along with six young debutantes. Aishwarya Rai appeared in flashbacks as Khans lover, the films soundtrack was composed by Jatin-Lalit, while the lyrics were penned by Anand Bakshi. The film is notable for being the first time that Bachchan and Khan appeared on-screen together, the film went on to do well both critically and commercially. It was the second highest Bollywood grosser of 2000, after Rakesh Roshans Kaho Naa and it also won several awards including the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor and the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor, for Khan and Bachchan respectively. Narayan Shankar is the headmaster of Gurukul, a prestigious all-boys university. Narayan wants the best out of his students, and places emphasis on tradition, honor and he has run the university for 25 years and over that time, he has forbid the students from any kind of romance — anyone he catches falling in love will be expelled. The film focuses on three of the students, Sameer, Vicky and Karan who all fall in love. Sameer is in love with Sanjana, his childhood friend, Vicky falls for Ishika, a student at the all-girls university next door to Gurukul. Karan becomes smitten with Kiran, a girl he sees one night at a train station, all three know that if theyre caught theyd be expelled, so they at first do not pursue their love interests. Raj Aryan joins Gurukul as a music teacher and he challenges the status quo and slowly introduces changes that Narayan dislikes. Raj is a believer of love, and when he learns the stories of the three boys, he encourages them to follow their hearts. Raj tells the boys to not be disheartened, and tells them that his love, Megha is dead, Raj encourages the boys to continue to stay loyal to their loves. One day Raj throws a party in Gurukul, inviting the students from the school from next door as part of his plan to spread love in Gurukul. Narayan is furious and threatens to fire him, Raj then reveals he was a student at Gurukul years ago, and he fell in love with Megha, who was Narayans only daughter. Narayan had expelled Raj without ever seeing his face, and afterward Megha committed suicide, Raj returned to Gurukul as a teacher in the hopes of changing Narayans ways and honoring his love for Megha. Raj promises that before he leaves Gurukul, he will fill it with so much love that even Narayan will not be able to remove it, Narayan accepts this challenge, and allows Raj to continue as a teacher for a while longer. Sameer, Vicky, and Karan one by one win over the girls they love, Narayan retaliates by tightening the rules of Gurukul, but the boys continue to break the rules, which encourages other students to do the same
Mohabbatein
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Mohabbatein
30.
Veer-Zaara
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Veer-Zaara is a 2004 Indian romantic drama film directed by Yash Chopra under the Yash Raj Films banner. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan, Preity Zinta, and Rani Mukerji in the roles, with Manoj Bajpayee, Kirron Kher, Divya Dutta. Veteran actors Amitabh Bachchan and Hema Malini make a appearance in the film. The films story and dialogues were written by Aditya Chopra, Saamiya Siddiqui, a Pakistani lawyer, finds Veer in prison and upon listening to his story, tries to get him freed. The music of the film, based on old compositions by Madan Mohan with lyrics by Javed Akhtar, was also successful, upon its theatrical release, Veer-Zaara received mostly positive reviews from critics & called as Romantic film of year 2004. The film won awards in major Indian film award ceremonies, including the Most Popular Film award at the National Film Awards. The performances of the lead cast were praised, especially those of Shah Rukh Khan. Most of the story is revealed as a flashback to 1982 from the cell of Veer Pratap Singh. The narrative begins by showing Zaara Haayat Khan, an independent, carefree and her family is of a political background and a well known family of Lahore. She is on her way to India with the ashes of her Sikh governess Bebe. Before dying, Bebe begs Zaara to fulfill her final wish - to take her ashes to India, to the holy Sikh city of Kiratpur, Zaara decides to carry out Bebes dying wish. Upon reaching India, Zaaras bus meets with an accident causing it to overturn, an Indian Air Force pilot, Squadron Leader Veer Pratap Singh comes to her rescue and with his help, Zaara completes Bebes final rites. Veer convinces Zaara to return him to his village to spend one day together. Zaara agrees and Veer takes her on a tour of India and they visit Veers home village on the day of the Lohri festival and meet Veers uncle Choudhary Sumer Singh and aunt Saraswati Kaur. With his uncle telling Veer that, in a dream he has seen Zaara becoming Veers wife, just before she boards the train, Veer confesses his love to Zaara. He gets no sense of Zaaras feelings, but as she is leaving he discovers he still has one of her silver anklets. She nods for him to keep it, both believe that this is the end of the road for their relationship and that they probably never meet again. She initially tells her mother of an Indian man who is ready to give his life for her, but her mother becomes angry at hearing it
Veer-Zaara
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Theatrical release poster
Veer-Zaara
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Veer-Zaara
31.
Happy New Year
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New Years Day, also called simply New Years or New Year, is observed on January 1, the first day of the year on the modern Gregorian calendar as well as the Julian calendar. In pre-Christian Rome under the Julian calendar, the day was dedicated to Janus, god of gateways and beginnings, other global New Years Day traditions include making New Years resolutions and calling ones friends and family. Mesopotamia instituted the concept of celebrating the new year in 2000 BC, celebrated new year around the time of the vernal equinox, the early Roman calendar designated March 1 as the new year. The calendar had just ten months, beginning with March and that the new year once began with the month of March is still reflected in some of the names of the months. September through December, our ninth through twelfth months, were positioned as the seventh through tenth months. Roman legend usually credited their second king Numa with the establishment of the months of January and February and these were first placed at the end of the year, but at some point came to be considered the first two months instead. The January Kalends came to be celebrated as the new year at some point after it became the day for the new consuls in 153 BC. Romans had long dated their years by these consulships, rather than sequentially, still, private and religious celebrations around the March new year continued for some time and there is no consensus on the question of the timing for January 1s new status. Once it became the new year, however, it became a time for family gatherings, in AD567, the Council of Tours formally abolished January 1 as the beginning of the year. These days were also astronomically and astrologically significant since, at the time of the Julian reform, March 25 had been understood as the spring equinox and December 25 as the winter solstice. Medieval calendars nonetheless often continued to display the months running from January to December, among the 7th century pagans of Flanders and the Netherlands, it was the custom to exchange gifts on the first day of the new year. This custom was deplored by Saint Eligius, who warned the Flemish and Dutch, make vetulas, little deer or iotticos or set tables at night or exchange New Year gifts or supply superfluous drinks. Because of the leap year error in the Julian calendar, the date of Easter had drifted backward since the First Council of Nicaea decided the computation of the date of Easter in 325, by the sixteenth century, the drift from the observed equinox had become unacceptable. In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII declared the Gregorian calendar widely used today, the Gregorian calendar reform also restored January 1 as New Years Day. Although most Catholic countries adopted the Gregorian calendar almost immediately, it was gradually adopted among Protestant countries. The British, for example, did not adopt the reformed calendar until 1752, until then, the British Empire – and its American colonies – still celebrated the new year on 25 March. Most nations of Western Europe officially adopted 1 January as New Years Day somewhat before they adopted the Gregorian Calendar, in Tudor England, New Years Day, along with Christmas Day and Twelfth Night, was celebrated as one of three main festivities among the twelve days of Christmastide. There, until the adoption of the Gregorian Calendar in 1752, Pope Gregory acknowledged 1 January as the beginning of the new year according to his reform of the Catholic Liturgical Calendar
Happy New Year
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Fireworks in Mexico City at the stroke of midnight on New Year's Day, 2013
Happy New Year
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In Christendom, under which the Gregorian Calendar developed, New Year's Day traditionally marks the
Feast of the Circumcision of Christ, which is still observed as such by the
Anglican Church and the
Lutheran Church.
Happy New Year
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Sydney contributes to some of the major New Year celebrations each year.
Happy New Year
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Happy Christmas and New Year card
32.
Om Jai Jagadish
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Om Jai Jagadish is a 2002 Bollywood film directed by Anupam Kher and was his directorial debut. The film stars Waheeda Rehman, Anil Kapoor, Fardeen Khan, Abhishek Bachchan, Mahima Chaudhry, Urmila Matondkar, Shah Rukh Khan, saraswati Batra is the widowed mother of Om, Jai and Jagadish. Om is responsible and provides the income for the whole family and he works in a music company owned by his friend, Shekhar Malhotra. Jai is very ambitious and is studying in the United States and his education is paid by Om for which he has taken loan from Shekhar Malhotra. Jagadish is a student who is very good with computers. Jai soon returns after Om and his mother convinces him and they all want different things and soon Om and Jai marry. Om marries the bubbly Ayesha MTV VJ and Jai marries Neetu, Jagadish is in love with Pooja who is from Bangalore, they meet at a college festival. When Jai clashes with Oms values they drift apart, soon Jai receives a promotion in America and leaves with Neetu. Jagadish is caught computer hacking after trying to help a friend get the answers to a test, Om throws him out the house. Om, Ayesha and his mother have to leave the house after Om failed to pay the loan covering it, eventually, they all come together at the house auction to buy it back. Om is at the auction to see the winner and is surprised when Jagadish shows up to bid and he reveals that he used his hacking skills to create a program to block hackers instead. Jai comes at the end of the auction and bids more and he doesnt have enough so the three brothers combine their money to win back the house, but it isnt enough. Finally, it is revealed that the CEO of the company that Jagadish made the hacking program bid for the house, Jagadish made a deal that the price of the house is the price of the program. The three brothers reunite and move back into the house, tanya Malhotra Rajesh Khera Anupam Khers brother, Raju Kher plays Urmila Matondkars father in the film. However, surprisingly, all the actors declined the film stating date problems, remains the only film offered to the three big Khans, together till date. This was the role for Waheeda Rehman who returned to films after 11 years since her last appearance in Lamhe Some part of the film is shot in Dunedin. The university campus is University of Otagos campus, in the movie, the location referred to as Atlanta, United States is Dunedin, New Zealand. The music was composed by Anu Malik, and the lyrics were written by Sameer
Om Jai Jagadish
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Om Jai Jagadish
33.
Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara
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Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara is a 2005 Indian film, directed by Jahnu Barua and produced by Anupam Kher. The film stars Anupam Kher and Urmila Matondkar in lead roles, in the film, a poem by noted Hindi poet, Sr. Bachchan, Himmat Karne Walon Ki Har Nahi Hoti was depicted as the favorite poem of the main character. The film explores the downward spiral of a retired Hindi professor, Uttam Chaudhary, after he sees someone carelessly place an ash tray on a newspaper photograph of Mohandas Gandhi, his senility increases. One night his daughter Trisha, played by Urmila Matondkar, Trisha takes him to a doctor who says nothing can be done. Then Uttam believes he killed Gandhi by accidentally playing with a toy gun which had real bullets, so they go see Uttams brother for details. Uttams brother says that when they were young, they played darts by filling ballons with red dye and placing it on someones picture. One day someone found Gandhis picture and Uttam popped a ballon while their father saw who believed he killed Gandhi, later they go to another doctor named Siddharth who helps Uttam when he thinks that his house is jail and people poisoned his food because he killed Gandhi. Siddharth eats the food so Uttam knows the food is not poisoned, later, in court, a gun expert says that a toy gun cannot kill anyone. The movie did not do well at the box office, however, it was much appreciated by audiences and critics. Anupam Kher received critical acclaim for his performance and won a Special Jury Award at the National Film Awards and he also received awards at several international film festivals. Matondkar was also appreciated for playing the caring daughter of Kher. Anupam Kher as Professor Uttam Chaudhary Urmila Matondkar as Trisha Chaudhary Rajit Kapur as Ronu Chaudhary Parvin Dabas as Dr
Maine Gandhi Ko Nahin Mara
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DVD cover
34.
Kara Film Festival
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The film festival was held annually until 2009. The 8th Kara Film Festival was supposed to be held in 2010 but has since been delayed every year due to the problems that Karachi was facing. The goal of the festival was to promote an appreciation of the art and craft of filmmaking among a population as well as to encourage creativity. The Kara Film Festival was founded to celebrate the past galore of Pakistani cinema, the festival featured a variety of independent films including documentaries, narrative features and shorts. From the 6th festival onwards there was also a section of childrens animated movies There would be a jury who would celebrate emerging. One distinctive feature of the festival was that it would showcase works of art by Pakistani artists, another feature of the festival was that the opening and closing ceremonies would feature some of the new as well as some of the famed Pakistani musical talent. Cineaste One a similar institution which substituted KaraFilm by organizing COSFF and workshops with a focus on education. Cineaste One while succeeding KaraFilm festival does not employ anyone involved with it, a jury hands out awards to the films they deem the best at the closing ceremony
Kara Film Festival
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Karachi International Film Festival کارا فلم فیسٹیول
35.
Bride and Prejudice
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Bride and Prejudice is a 2004 romantic drama film directed by Gurinder Chadha. The screenplay by Chadha and Paul Mayeda Berges is a Bollywood-style adaptation of Pride and it was filmed primarily in English, with some Hindi and Punjabi dialogue. The film released in the United States on 11 February 2005 and was received by critics. Darcy resists his attraction to Lalita, who considers him conceited, arrogant, at parties and gatherings, Mrs. Bakshis mindless chatter, Mayas kitschy dancing, and Lakhis uninhibited flirting astonish Darcy and his friends, and mortify Jaya and Lalita. Balraj and Jaya fall quickly in love, but misunderstandings and interference by others prolong their courtship. On a trip to Goa with Darcy, Kiran, Balraj and Jaya, Lalita meets and is attracted to Johnny Wickham, Darcys former friend, mr Kholi, a rich, crass, clumsy, and ostentatious Americanized relative, proposes to Lalita. After she turns him down, her best friend Chandra agrees to marry him, much to Lalitas confusion and consternation. When the youngest sister Lakhi runs off with Wickham in London, Darcy and Lalita find the couple and separate them before he can ruin her life, as he almost did to Wills young sister Georgie. Ultimately, back in India for Jaya and Balrajs wedding, Darcy surprises, the film ends with the double wedding of Jaya to Balraj and Lalita to Darcy, with the two couples riding on elephants down the streets of Amritsar. Names in parentheses are the characters in the original Austen novel, other locations include the Golden Temple of Amritsar, the beaches of Goa, the Grand Canyon, the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, and Santa Monica Beach. Ashanti sings Take Me to Love and Touch My Body in the film, the film opened to generally positive reviews. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives Bride and Prejudice a score of 79% based on reviews from 33 critics, official website Bride and Prejudice at the Internet Movie Database Bride and Prejudice at Box Office Mojo Bride and Prejudice at Rotten Tomatoes
Bride and Prejudice
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Original poster
36.
Speedy Singhs
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Breakaway is a 2011 Canadian sports-comedy film directed by Robert Lieberman, and produced by Akshay Kumar and Paul Gross. The film stars debutant Vinay Virmani opposite Camilla Belle, with Rob Lowe, Russell Peters and it also features Drake and Ludacris in cameo roles. The film was released on 23 September 2011 and received negative reviews and it was released in two languages and later dubbed into Hindi. Rajveer and Darvesh had never gotten along, though the family is Sikh, due to a childhood incident, Rajveer still meets up with his Sikh friends, and when they get the time, they play hockey as a hobby. One day, while practising hockey, a few players on the Hammerheads insult the Singhs, realizing how good they are, Rajveer decides to make a hockey team with his friends. His father completely disagrees with this, and forbids him to play hockey again. Unwilling to take the sorrow, his friends convince him to join the team, Rajveer lies to his family by telling them he is working extra at his job, but never has the courage to tell them that he plays in his own hockey team. The tournament begins, and during the first match Rajveer is caught by his businessman uncle, Sammy promises not to tell Darvesh, and so goes on the tournament with Speedy Singhs. Whilst playing, Rajveer falls in love with Dan Winters little sister, the two love each other, and keep on meeting. A night before the finals, Rajveer lies to his father and says he is going to New York for a job delivery. When a night out celebrating with the team ends poorly, Raj winds up arguing with his father, losing his position as captain after arguing with the coach, and quitting the team. Though the Speedy Singhs make it to the finals against the Hammerheads without Raj, Melissa reveals that the Speedy Singhs must wear helmets, which they cannot do unless they remove their turbans. Inspired by the story of why Sikh men wear turbans, Raj obtains special helmets that will accommodate the teams turbans and he apologizes to Dan and the Speedy Singhs for his selfishness and they accept him back. The day of the finals coincides with Rajs cousin Sonus wedding, when Sonu thanks all the guests, he brings up how the Speedy Singhs have become a source of pride for the community and encourages everyone to attend the finals. Rajveer explains his passion about hockey to his father, though still angry, Darvesh lets him go but refuses to go to the game. The Speedy Singhs do well in the game until the Hammerheads tie the game at the end of the third period, Darvesh, after listening to the game at the temple, arrives at the arena to show his support. Rajveer, with his fathers acceptance, makes the winning goal, including special features by RDB, Jassi Sidhu, Rishi Rich Productions, Bohemia, J. Hind, Ludacris, Sukshinder Shinda, Jazzy B and Malkit Singh. Breakaway received negative reviews from critics upon release, rotten Tomatoes reports a 20% approval rating, based on five reviews
Speedy Singhs
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Release poster
37.
ER (TV series)
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It was produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Television, in association with Warner Bros. ER follows the life of the emergency room of fictional County General Hospital in Chicago, Illinois. The show became the longest-running primetime medical drama in American television history and it won 23 Primetime Emmy Awards, including the 1996 Outstanding Drama Series award, and received 124 Emmy nominations, which makes it the most nominated drama program in history. ER won 116 awards in total, including the Peabody Award, in 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a resident physician in a busy hospital emergency room. The screenplay went nowhere and Crichton focused on other topics, in 1990, he published the novel Jurassic Park, and in 1993 began a collaboration with director Steven Spielberg on the film adaptation of the book. Crichton and Spielberg then turned to ER, but decided to film the story as a pilot for a television series rather than as a feature film. Spielbergs Amblin Entertainment provided John Wells as the executive producer. The script used to shoot the pilot was virtually unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. Because of a lack of time and money necessary to build a set, the episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Hospital in Los Angeles. After Spielberg had joined as a producer, NBC ordered six episodes, ER premiered opposite a Monday Night Football game on ABC and did surprisingly well. Then we moved it to Thursday and it just took off, ERs success surprised the networks and critics alike, as David E. Kelleys new medical drama Chicago Hope was expected to crush the new series. Crichton remained executive producer until his death in November 2008, although he was credited as one throughout that entire final season. Wells, the other initial executive producer, served as showrunner for the first three seasons. He was one of the shows most prolific writers and became a director in later years. Lydia Woodward was a part of the first season production team and she took over as showrunner for the fourth season while Wells focused on the development of other series, including Trinity, Third Watch, and The West Wing. She left her executive position at the end of the sixth season. Joe Sachs, who was a writer and producer of the series, believed keeping a commitment to medical accuracy was important, Wed bend the rules. A medication that would take 10 minutes to work might take 30 seconds instead, a 12- to 24-hour shift gets pushed into 48 minutes
ER (TV series)
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ER
ER (TV series)
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Michael Crichton, the show's creator.
ER (TV series)
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Original cast of the show (1994–1995)
ER (TV series)
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Final season cast (2008–2009)
38.
The Mistress of Spices (film)
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The Mistress of Spices is a 2005 film by Paul Mayeda Berges, with a screenplay by Gurinder Chadha and Berges. It is based upon the novel Mistress of Spices by Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, the soundtrack was created by Craig Pruess, who also contributed to the Bend It Like Beckham soundtrack. Tilo, an immigrant from India, is a shopkeeper, an unusually strong clairvoyant, the Spices she gives to her customers help them to satisfy their certain needs and desires, such as sandalwood to dispel painful memories, black cumin seed to protect against evil eye. As a young girl, Tilo was initiated as one of several young Mistresses of Spices by the First Mother, Tilo ends up in the San Francisco Bay Area in a store called Spice Bazaar. Her life takes a turn one day, when an architect named Doug crashes his motorcycle outside her store. Tilo tends to his injuries while trying to ignore their mutual romantic attraction and her life changes when he touches her and they begin to fall in love. But the Spices are suddenly angry and jealous, and things start to go sour in her relationships with her other customers. Haroun gets in an accident, Geetas family situation does not improve, Jagjit falls in with the crowd at school. Doug comes to meet her that night and sadly tells her that his Native American-born mother had died, Tilo recognizes that the source of these misfortunes is her breaking of the rules. The First Mother comes to her in a vision and scolds her for choosing Doug over the Spices and she vows that she will return to India, and posts a notice about a closing sale. She goes all out to help her customers one last time and tells the Spices that she will spend just one night with Doug and she closes the store and goes off with Doug for the night. After a night of love-making, she leaves him a note that she must leave and cannot return, but that she will always deeply love him. Then she goes back to the store and sets the Spices on fire, with her at the center of the flames, as a sign of eternal servitude, Doug comes searching for her, and finds the store devastated. But Tilo has not been burned after all, she is there, alive. There is no sign of a fire, but there has been an earthquake, Doug agrees to help her rebuild the store, and she happily reunites with him as they walk along the beach holding hands. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that only 13% of professional critics gave the film a positive review, Mistress of Spices at the Internet Movie Database Mistress, Aishwaryas best work
The Mistress of Spices (film)
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Movie poster for The Mistress of Spices
39.
Indian Film Censor Board
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The Central Board of Film Certification is a statutory censorship and classification body under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. It is tasked with regulating the public exhibition of films under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act 1952, Films can be publicly exhibited in India only after they are certified by the Board, including films shown on television. CBFC India is considered to be one of the most powerful film censor boards in the due to its strict ways of functioning. Though the first film in India was produced in 1913 by Dadasaheb Phalke, censor Boards were placed under police chiefs in cities of Madras, Bombay, Calcutta, Lahore and Rangoon. After Independence autonomy of regional censors was abolished and they were brought under the Bombay Board of Film Censors, with implementation of Cinematograph Act,1952, the board was unified and reconstituted, as the Central Board of Film Censors. Cinematograph Rules were revised in 1983 and since then the Central Board of Film Censors became known as the Central Board of Film Certification, Films are certified under 4 categories. Initially, there were two categories of certificates – U and A. Two more categories were added in June 1983 – U/A and S, in addition to these certifications the board may also refuse to certify. U Films with the U certification are fit for unrestricted public exhibition and these films can contain universal themes like education, family, drama, romance, sci-fi, action etc. Now, these films can contain some mild violence. It may also contain very mild sexual scenes, U/A Films with the U/A certification can contain moderate adult themes, that are not strong in nature and can be watched by a child under parental guidance. These films can contain some violence, moderate sex, frightening scenes and muted abusive. A Films with the A certification are available for public exhibition and these films can contain heavily strong violence, strong sex, strong abusive language, and even some controversial and adult themes considered unsuitable for young viewers. Such films are often recertified for TV and video viewing, which doesnt happen in case of U, S Films with S certification should not be viewed by the public. Only people associated with it, have permission to watch those films, additionally, V/U, V/UA, V/A are used for video releases with U, U/A and A carrying the same meaning as above. In addition to the certifications above there is also the possibility of the board refusing to certify the film at all, the Board consist of 25 other non-official members and a Chairperson. Pahlaj Nihalani presently presides the Board after Leela Samson who resigned after the CBFCs rejection of a certificate for the film MSG, earlier, Leela Samson had succeeded Sharmila Tagore, who was the longest continuous running Chairperson in the history. Nihalani is now the 27th Chairperson after the Boards establishment and his appointment is highly controversial given his propensity for censoring films instead of merely certifying them
Indian Film Censor Board
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Central Board of Film Certification
40.
Satish Kaushik
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Satish Kaushik is an Indian film director, producer, and actor, primarily in Hindi films and theatre. As a film actor he is noted for his roles as Calendar in Mr. India and he won the Filmfare Best Comedian Award twice, in 1990 for Ram Lakhan and in 1997 for Saajan Chale Sasural. As a theatre actor, his most noted role was that of Willy Loman in the Hindi-language play, Salesman Ramlal and he wrote dialogues for Kundan Shahs comedy classic Jaane Bhi Do Yaaron. His film Teree Sang, starring Ruslaan Mumtaz and Sheena Shahabadi, Satish Kaushik was born on 13 April 1956 in a village Dhanounda, Mahendragarh district, Haryana, India. He grew up in Delhi, Naiwala gali, Karolbagh and he graduated from Kirori Mal College, New Delhi and then went on to the National School of Drama, New Delhi, where he graduated in 1978. He later studied at Film and Television Institute of India, Pune, Satish Kaushik started his career as an assistant director to Shekhar Kapoor in the film Masoom. He also performed as an actor in this film and his first film as a director was Sridevi Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja. His second was Prem, which was supposed to be Tabus inaugural film and he continued to make films and got his first hit with Hum Aapke Dil Mein Rehte Hain in 1999. He is well known for his role as Calendar in the hit film Mr. India, alongside Anil Kapoor and he also was noted for his character of Pappu Pager in the comedy Deewana Mastana, directed by his friend David Dhawan. He co-wrote and anchored a TV countdown show, Philips Top Ten, in 2005, Kaushik directed Arjun Rampal, Amisha Patel and Zayed Khan in Vaada. Their first film, Teree Sang, was directed by Satish Kaushik and his next work is based on the life of Tansen, one of the Navaratna in Akbar the Greats court. It is produced by Rajshri Productions, the role of Tansen will be played by Abhishek Bachchan, and the soundtrack will be composed by Ravindra Jain. The script for the film is being finished, Kaushik is working to promote Haryanas film industry, and is committed to make five films there. He was cast in the role of SAB TVs new show The Great Indian Family Drama produced by contiloe productions as Nawaab Jung Bahadur. Satish Kaushik was a partner in the Chandigarh Film City project with the estate company. They bought 30-acre in Sarangpur Village, Chandigarh at throw away prices, the real state company was forced to give up this multi-million project after foul play was exposed by media. Kyon Ki Darna Zaroori Hai Bumm Bumm Bole Satish Kaushik at the Internet Movie Database
Satish Kaushik
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Satish Kaushik at Chronicles of Narnia 3 Special Screening
41.
Pratham
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Pratham is one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India. It was co-founded by Madhav Chavan and Farida Lambay and it works towards the provision of quality education to the underprivileged children in India. Pratham’s founder and Ex-CEO, Madhav Chavan, was the 2011 recipient of the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship, UNICEF originally set up the Bombay Education Initiative in Mumbai to establish a tripartite-partnership between the government, corporate and civil society to improve India’s primary education. This led to the formation of Pratham as an independent charity in 1994, Pratham started by holding balwadis for children in Mumbai’s slums. Volunteers were recruited to teach in spaces within communities, including temples, offices, the Pratham pre-school classes multiplied and were replicated in other locations. Pratham’s mission is “Every Child in School and Learning well”, by increasing the literacy levels of India’s poor which account for about one third of the world’s poor, Pratham aims to improve India’s economic and social equality. This is carried out through the introduction of low cost education models that are sustainable and reproducible, annual Status of Education Report, India’s largest NGO-run annual survey, has been conducted by Pratham since 2005 to evaluate the relevance and impact of its programs. Findings are disseminated at national, state, district and village levels, Read India - Despite India’s educational reforms in recent years, quality education is still a concern, especially among low-income communities. Findings of ASER2005 and 2006 revealed that 50% of children in government schools could not read, Read India has reached approximately 34 million children to date, resulting in large-scale improvements in literacy levels across several states in India. Pratham Books, an organisation which publishes affordable, quality books for children, was set up in 2004 to complement Read India. It has published over 200 original titles in 10 Indian languages, full-year learning support is provided at centres for children living in the immediate vicinity. These programmes are conducted in urban slums or poor villages. Lakhon Mein Ek is a campaign by Pratham Education Foundation. Together with citizens from across the country, the organisation worked towards improving the status of learning in 100,000 villages and communities. The campaign started on October 21,2015 and by January 11,2016, furthermore, over 300,000 volunteers had joined the campaign and interacted with about 1 crore children. By January 16,2016 success of the campaign will be marked by citizens everywhere resolving to help children acquire basic reading, computer Assisted Learning Project with Pratham in India Banerjee, Abhijit, Shawn Cole, Esther Duflo, and Leigh Lindon. “Remedying Education, Evidence From Randomized Experiments in India. ”The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, Child Control in Education Decisions, An Evaluation of Targeted Incentives to Learn in India. Working Paper, Cornell University, June 2011, bridge Classes and Peer Networks Among Out-of-School Children in India Berry, James, and Leigh Linden
Pratham
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Math class in Mumbai, India, August–November 2010.
Pratham
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Pre-school class, Mumbai, India, August–November 2010.
42.
Mohanlal
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Mohanlal Viswanathan Nair, better known as Mohanlal, is an Indian actor, producer, and occasional singer best known for his work in Malayalam films. Mohanlal made his debut in Thiranottam at age 18. His first film to be released was Manjil Virinja Pookkal, a film in which he played the antagonist. He established himself as an actor during the 1980s. The 1986 crime drama Rajavinte Makan was significant in labeling him a dominant actor in Malayalam cinema, in a career spanning over three decades, Mohanlal has acted in over 300 Malayalam films and a few films in other languages including Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada. He is also a producer, and owns the production company Pranavam Arts International. In 2001, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri, Indias fourth highest civilian honour and he grew up at Mudavanmugal, Poojappura, at his paternal house, in Thiruvananthapuram. Mohanlal studied at Model School, Thiruvananthapuram, and graduated with a B. Com. from Mahatma Gandhi College in Thiruvananthapuram. Mohanlal received his first ever recognition as an actor when he was in grade for a stage play called Computer Boy in which he enacted a ninety-year-old person. In 1977–78 he was the Kerala state wrestling champion, Mohanlal has acted in over 320 Malayalam films and produced or co-produced over 35 films. His acting credits include some Tamil, Hindi, Telugu. He has acted in 4 professional plays and he has sung over 30 songs, most of them for the films he acted in. Mohanlal played Kuttappan, a mentally disabled servant, due to some issues in censorship, the film was not released in time, it took 25 years to release the film. In 1980, Mohanlal was cast in the lead antagonist role in Manjil Virinja Pookkal – the directorial debut of Fazil, the film became a major success. Mohanlals friends had sent his application in response to an advertisement released by Navodaya Studio, in an interview with Readers Digest in 2004, Mohanlal said that his looks as a young man might have fit the villains image. By 1983, Mohanlal was credited in more than 25 feature films, through Sasikumars Ivide Thudangunnu, he became a successful hero with a good heart. It also marked the beginning of the Mohanlal-Priyadarshan duo who As of 2016 have worked together in 44 films, in 1985, he recorded a song for the film Onnanam Kunnil Oradi Kunnil. Uyarangalil, Nokketha Doorathu Kannum Nattu, Boeing Boeing, and Aram + Aram = Kinnaram were some of his films in this period
Mohanlal
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Mohanlal
Mohanlal
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Mohanlal and Madhu at AMMA General Body meeting 2008
Mohanlal
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Mohanlal with
Amitabh Bachan
Mohanlal
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Mohanlal at a book unveiling ceremony, October 2006
43.
Jayaprada
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Jaya Prada is an Indian film actress and politician. She has starred in Telugu, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Bengali and she was a Member of Parliament from Rampur from 2004 to 2014. Jaya Prada was born as Lalita Rani in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh and her father, Krishna Rao, was a Telugu film financier. Her mother, Neelaveni, was a home-maker and a pious lady. The young Lalitha attended a Telugu-medium school in Rajahmundry and was enrolled in dance. When Jaya Prada was 14 years old, she performed a dance at her schools annual function, a film director in the audience offered her a three-minute dance number in the Telugu film Bhoomi Kosam. She was hesitant, but her family encouraged her to accept it and she was paid only 10 rupees for her work in the film, but the rushes of those three minutes of film were shown to the major figures of the Telugu film industry. Major filmmakers offered her roles in quality films, and she accepted them. She became a huge star in 1976 at the age of 17 with major hit films. Director K. Balachanders black-and-white film Anthuleni Katha showcased her dramatic skills, in 1977, she starred in Adavi Ramudu, which broke box office records and which permanently cemented her star status. The song Aaresukoboyi Paresukunnanu performed by Prada and co-star N. T. Rama Rao became a mass hit, important filmmakers were casting her and repeating her in their films. Filmmaker Vijay introduced her to Kannada cinema in his 1977 super hit movie Sanadi Appanna alongside Kannada matinee idol Raj Kumar, the movie is also known to be the only movie to feature shehnai rendition by Ustad Bismillah Khan. Jaya Prada repeated her successful pairing with Raj Kumar in films like Huliya Halina Mevu, Kaviratna Kalidasa, in 1979, K. Balachander repeated her in Tamil film Ninaithale Inikkum opposite Kamal Haasan and Rajinikanth in which she played a terminally-ill patient. She continued to act in films in Telugu opposite actors such NTR, ANR, Krishna, Krishnam Raju. K. Viswanath remade Siri Siri Muvva in Hindi as Sargam introducing Jayaprada to Bollywood in 1979, the film was successful and she became a star there as well. She earned her first Filmfare nomination as Best Actress but couldnt capitalize on her success since she couldnt speak Hindi, in 1981, she starred in the critically acclaimed Tamil film 47 Natkal for filmmaker K. Balachander in which Chiranjeevi played her villainous, bigamist husband. After she took Hindi lessons, director K. Vishwanath relaunched her in Hindi films, saagara Sangamam directed by K. Vishwanath, starring Kamal Hassan proved to be a milestone in her career, winning her lot of accolades including Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Telugu in 1983. Jaya made a team not just with Amitabh Bachchan and Jeetendra. Their hit Telugu film Devatha, where they played sisters who made sacrifices for each other, was remade into the hit Hindi film Tohfa
Jayaprada
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Jaya Prada in 2012
Jayaprada
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Jaya Prada at the launch of T P Aggarwal's trade magazine 'Blockbuster'
44.
Malayalam
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Malayalam /mʌləˈjɑːləm/ is a language spoken in India, predominantly in the state of Kerala. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and was designated as a Classical Language in India in 2013 and it was developed to the current form mainly by the influence of the poet Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan in the 16th century. Malayalam has official status in the state of Kerala and in the union territories of Lakshadweep. It belongs to the Dravidian family of languages and is spoken by some 38 million people, according to one theory, Malayalam originated from Middle Tamil in the 7th century. However, the current understanding proposes the separation of Malayalam from Proto-Dravidian in the pre-historic era, Malayalam incorporated many elements from Sanskrit through the ages. Before Malayalam came into being, Old Tamil was used in literature and courts of a region called Tamilakam, including present day Kerala state, silappatikaramit was written by Chera prince Ilango Adigal from Chunkaparra, and is considered a classic in Sangam literature. Modern Malayalam still preserves many words from the ancient Tamil vocabulary of Sangam literature, the earliest script used to write Malayalam was the Vatteluttu alphabet, and later the Kolezhuttu, which derived from it. As Malayalam began to borrow words as well as the rules of grammar from Sanskrit. This developed into the modern Malayalam script, many medieval liturgical texts were written in an admixture of Sanskrit and early Malayalam, called Manipravalam. The oldest literary work in Malayalam, distinct from the Tamil tradition, is dated from between the 9th and 11th centuries, the first travelogue in any Indian language is the Malayalam Varthamanappusthakam, written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar in 1785. Due to its lineage deriving from both Tamil and Sanskrit, the Malayalam script has the largest number of letters among the Indian language orthographies, the Malayalam script includes letters capable of representing almost all the sounds of all Indo-Aryan and Dravidian languages. Malayalam serves as a language on the islands including the Mahl-dominated Minicoy Island. The word Malayalam originated from the Sanskrit resp, Malayalam words malai or mala, meaning hill, and elam, meaning region. Malayalam thus translates as hill region and used to refer to the land of the Chera dynasty, the language Malayalam is alternatively called Alealum, Malayalani, Malayali, Malean, Maliyad, and Mallealle. The word Malayalam originally meant only for the name of the region, Malayanma or Malayayma represented the language. With the emergence of modern Malayalam language, the name of the language started to be known by the name of the region, hence now, the word Malayanma is considered by some to represent the olden Malayalam language. The language got the name Malayalam during the mid 19th century, the origin of Malayalam, an independent offshoot of the proto-Dravidian language, has been and continues to be an engaging pursuit among comparative historical linguists. Together with Tamil, Toda, Kannada and Tulu, Malayalam belongs to the group of Dravidian languages
Malayalam
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Cover page of Nasranikal okkekkum ariyendunna samkshepavedartham which is the first book to be printed in Malayalam in 1772.
Malayalam
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Malayalam-speaking area
Malayalam
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Thunchathu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan
Malayalam
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Shakuntala writes to Dushyanta. Painting by
Raja Ravi Varma. The poetry was translated by
Kerala Varma as
Abhijnanasakuntalam
45.
Pranayam
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Pranayam is a 2011 Malayalam romantic drama film written and directed by Blessy. The film revolves around the love bound between the characters of Mathews, Grace and Achutha Menon. The film opened to positive reviews and was also a commercial success. The film begins with Achutha Menon, a man in his late arriving in the city to stay with his daughter-in-law. He was a player who had got selected in the State team. He moulded his life and career to accommodate the romance in his life, one day Menon sees his former wife Grace in the elevator and collapses. Grace, who is staying in the building with her husband, daughter and son-in-law, arranges for him to be taken to the hospital. Slowly their relationship is revealed as she is anxious about his condition. Graces husband Mathews is a philosophy professor who has his own philosophy of life. He is now bedridden and requires his wifes help to accomplish the most basic day-to-day tasks and their physical intimacy is an indication that they may have led a fulfilling life as a couple before the tragedy struck. The children start acting up as the old couple revive their acquaintance, in the later half of the film, even Mathews joins the former couple with Achuthan helping Grace in manoeuvring her husbands wheelchair in rough terrains. The three take a trip to a beach resort together, at the resort, Mathews has a stroke and is rushed to the hospital. At the same hospital, Grace has an attack and dies. He says, For so many years I have been carrying the subject in me as a writer, journeying with it as visuals, I have now transferred that to the characters. Its like letting go of something that was your own until now, Blessy had discussed the storyline with writer-director Lohithadas, during the making of his Joker, in which he was the associate director. Lohithadas had told Blessy about how he had envisaged Mathews, after Bhramaram, Blessy had starting writing a story based on a few youngsters but didnt feel excited about it after a while as lots of similar stories were flooding theatres. Suddenly the story of Pranayam came back into his mind, about the scripting, Blessy says, The interesting thing about this script is that even before I started writing it, what I had in my mind was its last frame. So I started developing the journey back from the last frame, P. K. Sajeev and Anne Sajeev are the producers under the banner of Fragrant Nature Film Creations. Aneesh Jacob is the executive producer, the first schedule of shooting started on 16 February 2011 at Cheranallur in Kerala
Pranayam
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Life is more beautiful than a dream
46.
Disney
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
Disney
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The
Walt Disney Studios (corporate headquarters).
Disney
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The Walt Disney Company
Disney
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The building in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Los Feliz which was home to the studio from 1923 to 1926
Disney
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Original poster for Flowers and Trees (1932).
47.
Pixar
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Pixar, also referred to as Pixar Animation Studios, is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. Disney purchased Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion, Pixar has produced seventeen feature films, beginning with Toy Story, which was the first-ever computer-animated feature film, and its most recent being Finding Dory. All 17 of its films have debuted with CinemaScore ratings of at least an A−, the studio has also produced several short films. As of October 2016, its films have earned approximately $10.8 billion at the box office worldwide. Fourteen of Pixars films are also among the 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time, the studio has earned sixteen Academy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, and eleven Grammy Awards, among many other awards and acknowledgments. Monsters, Inc. and Cars are the two films that were nominated for the award without winning it, while Cars 2, Monsters University, The Good Dinosaur. Up and Toy Story 3 were also the second and third animated films to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, the first being Walt Disney Animation Studios Beauty. Luxo Jr. a character from the studios 1986 short film of the name, is the studios mascot. The award was presented by Lucasfilms founder George Lucas, Schure kept pouring money into the computer graphics lab, an estimated $15 million, giving the group everything they desired and drove NYIT into serious financial troubles. During the following months, they resigned from CGL, found temporary jobs for about a year to avoid making Schure suspicious. He was then reunited with Alvy Ray Smith, who made the journey from NYIT to Lucasfilm. At NYIT, the researchers pioneered many of the CG foundation techniques—in particular the invention of the alpha channel, Years later, the CGL produced a few frames of an experimental film called The Works. In 1982, the team working on special effects film sequences with Industrial Light & Magic. In 1983, Nolan Bushnell founded a new computer-guided animation studio called Kadabrascope as a subsidiary of his Chuck E. Cheeses Pizza Time Theatres company, only one major project was made out of the new studio, an animated Christmas movie for NBC starring Chuck E. The animation movement would be made using Tweening instead of cel animation. After the North American Video Game Crash of 1983, Bushnell started selling some subsidiaries of PTT to keep the business afloat, sente Technologies would be sold to Bally Games and Kadabrascope would be sold to LucasFilm. The Kadabrascope assets s would be combined with the Computer Division of LucasFilm, PTT would later be sold to ShowBiz Pizza Place, a competitor, in 1985. Amongst the 38 remaining employees, there were also Malcolm Blanchard, David DiFrancesco, Ralph Guggenheim and Bill Reeves, Tom Duff, also an NYIT member, would later join Pixar after its formation
Pixar
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Pixar's headquarters in Emeryville
Pixar
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A Pixar Computer photographed at the
Computer History Museum with the 1986–1995 logo on it.
Pixar
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John Lasseter appears with characters from
Up at the 2009
Venice Film Festival.
Pixar
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Career
