The Arbuthnot and Ambrister incident occurred in April 1818 during the First Seminole War when American general Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida and his troops detained two British subjects, Ale
1848 illustration of the trial of Ambrister
Hillis Hadjo
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Josiah Francis, also called Francis the Prophet, native name Hillis Hadjo, was a "charismatic religious leader" of the Red Stick Creek Indians. According to the historian Frank Owsley, he became "the
Arbuthnot and Ambrister incident
…and Ambrister, but Congress chose not to censure the popular general. Jackson's execution of Arbuthnot, Ambrister and the Muscogee and Seminole leaders Josiah Francis and Homathlemico was perceived, both in Britain and elsewhere, as an act of barbarity violating the conventions of warfare. Robert Chrystie Ambrister…
Self-portrait of Josiah Francis