The Archibald Prize is an Australian portraiture art prize for painting, generally seen as the most prestigious portrait prize in Australia. It was first awarded in 1921 after the receipt of a bequest from J. F. Archibald, the editor of The Bulletin who died in 1919. It is administered by the trustees of the Art Gallery of New South Wales and awarded for "the best portrait, preferentially of some man or woman distinguished in Art, Letters, Science or Politics, painted by an artist resident in Australia during the twelve months preceding the date fixed by the trustees for sending in the pictures". The Archibald Prize has been awarded annually since 1921 and since July 2015 the prize has been AU$100,000.

Jules François Archibald was an Australian journalist and publisher, best known for co-founding and editing The Bulletin, Australia's most popular magazine in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was also the founder and namesake of the annual Archibald Prize, Australia's most prestigious art prize for portraiture.