Kola Peninsula
The Kola Peninsula is a peninsula in the far northwest of Russia. Constituting the bulk of the territory of Murmansk Oblast, it lies completely inside the Arctic Circle and is bordered by the Barents Sea in the north and the White Sea in the east and southeast; the city of Murmansk is the most populous human settlement on the peninsula, with a population of over 300,000 as of the 2010 Census. While the north of the peninsula was settled in the 7th–5th millennium BCE, the rest of its territory remained uninhabited until the 3rd millennium BCE, when various peoples started to arrive from the south. However, by the 1st millennium CE only the Sami people remained; this changed in the 12th century, when Russian Pomors discovered the peninsula's game and fish riches. Soon after, the Pomors were followed by the tribute collectors from the Novgorod Republic, the peninsula became a part of the Novgorodian lands. No permanent settlements, were established by the Novgorodians until the 15th century; the Novgorod Republic lost control of the peninsula to the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1471, but the Russian migration did not stop.
Several new settlements were established during the 16th century, the Sami and Pomor people were forced into serfdom. In the second half of the 16th century, the peninsula became a subject of dispute between the Tsardom of Russia and the Kingdom of Denmark–Norway, which resulted in the strengthening of the Russian position. By the end of the 19th century, the indigenous Sami population had been forced north by the Russians as well as by newly arriving Izhma Komi and Kominized Nenets, who migrated here to escape a reindeer disease epidemic in their home lands in the southeast of the White Sea; the original administrative and economic center of the area was Kola, situated at the estuary of the Kola River into the Kola Bay. However, in 1916, Romanov-na-Murmane was founded and became the largest city and port on the peninsula; the Soviet period saw a rapid increase of the population, although most of it remained confined to urbanized territories along the sea coast and the railroads. The Sami people were subject to forced collectivization, including forced relocation to Lovozero and other centralized settlements, overall the peninsula was industrialized and militarized due to its strategic position and the discovery of the vast apatite deposits in the 1920s.
As a result, the ecology of the peninsula suffered major ecological damage, including contamination by military nuclear waste and nickel smelting. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the economy went into decline and the population started to decrease. Between 1989 and 2002, Murmansk Oblast lost a quarter of its population; the economy rebounded somewhat in the first decade of the 2000s and the peninsula remains the most industrially developed and urbanized region in northern Russia. Despite the peninsula's northerly location, its proximity to the Gulf Stream leads to unusually high temperatures in winter, but results in high winds due to the temperature variations between land and the Barents Sea. Summers are rather chilly, with the average July temperature of only 11 °C; the peninsula is covered by taiga in the south and tundra in the north, where permafrost limits the growth of the trees resulting in landscape dominated by shrubs and grasses. The peninsula supports a small variety of mammals, its rivers are an important habitat for the Atlantic salmon.
The Kandalaksha Nature Reserve, established to protect the population of common eider, is located in the Kandalaksha Gulf. The peninsula is located in the far northwest of Russia completely inside the Arctic Circle and is washed by the Barents Sea in the north and the White Sea in the east and southeast. Geologically, the peninsula occupies the northeastern edge of the Baltic Shield; the western border of the peninsula stretches along the meridian from the Kola Bay through the valley of the Kola River, Lake Imandra, the Niva River to the Kandalaksha Gulf, although some sources push it all the way west to Russia's border with Finland. Under a more restrictive definition, the peninsula covers an area of about 100,000 square kilometers; the northern coast is high, while the southern coast is flat. The western part of the peninsula is covered by two mountain ranges: the Khibiny Mountains and the Lovozero Massif; the Keyvy drainage divide lies in the central part. The mountainous reliefs of the Murman and Kandalaksha Coasts stretch from southeast to northwest, mirroring the peninsula's main orographic features.
Administratively, the territory of the peninsula consists of Lovozersky and Tersky Districts, parts of Kandalakshsky and Kolsky Districts, as well as the territories subordinated to the cities and towns of Murmansk, Severomorsk and parts of the territories subordinated to Apatity and Polyarnye Zori. Because the last ice age removed the top sediment layer of the soil, the Kola Peninsula is on the surface rich in various ores and minerals, including apatites and nephelines. Deposits of construction materials such as granite and limestone are abundant. Diatomaceous earth deposits are used to produce insulation. Proximity of
Cross-country skiing
Cross-country skiing is a form of skiing where skiers rely on their own locomotion to move across snow-covered terrain, rather than using ski lifts or other forms of assistance. Cross-country skiing is practiced as a sport and recreational activity. Variants of cross-country skiing are adapted to a range of terrain which spans unimproved, sometimes mountainous terrain to groomed courses that are designed for the sport. Modern cross-country skiing is similar to the original form of skiing, from which all skiing disciplines evolved, including alpine skiing, ski jumping and Telemark skiing. Skiers propel themselves either by striding forward or side-to-side in a skating motion, aided by arms pushing on ski poles against the snow, it is practised in regions with snow-covered landscapes, including Northern Europe, Canada and regions in the United States. Competitive cross-country skiing is one of the Nordic skiing sports. Cross-country skiing and rifle marksmanship are the two components of biathlon, ski-orienteering is a form of cross-country skiing, which includes map navigation along snow trails and tracks.
The word ski comes from the Old Norse word skíð. Skiing started as a technique for traveling cross-country over snow on skis, starting five millennia ago with beginnings in Scandinavia, it may have been practised as early as 600 BCE in Daxing ` anling, in. Early historical evidence includes Procopius's description of Sami people as skrithiphinoi translated as "ski running samis". Birkely argues that the Sami people have practiced skiing for more than 6000 years, evidenced by the old Sami word čuoigat for skiing. Egil Skallagrimsson's 950 CE saga describes King Haakon the Good's practice of sending his tax collectors out on skis; the Gulating law stated that "No moose shall be disturbed by skiers on private land." Cross-country skiing evolved from a utilitarian means of transportation to being a worldwide recreational activity and sport, which branched out into other forms of skiing starting in the mid-1800s. Early skiers used one long pole or spear in addition to the skis; the first depiction of a skier with two ski poles dates to 1741.
Traditional skis, used for snow travel in Norway and elsewhere into the 1800s comprised one short ski with a natural fur traction surface, the andor, one long for gliding, the langski—one being up to 100 cm longer than the other—allowing skiers to propel themselves with a scooter motion. This combination has a long history among the Sami people. Skis up to 280 cm have been produced in Finland, the longest recorded ski in Norway is 373 cm. Ski warfare, the use of ski-equipped troops in war, is first recorded by the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus in the 13th century; these troops were able to cover distances comparable to that of light cavalry. The garrison in Trondheim used skis at least from 1675, the Danish-Norwegian army included specialized skiing battalions from 1747—details of military ski exercises from 1767 are on record. Skis were used in military exercises in 1747. In 1799 French traveller Jacques de la Tocnaye recorded his visit to Norway in his travel diary: Norwegian immigrants used skis in the US midwest from around 1836.
Norwegian immigrant "Snowshoe Thompson" transported mail by skiing across the Sierra Nevada between California and Nevada from 1856. In 1888 Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen and his team crossed the Greenland icecap on skis. Norwegian workers on the Buenos Aires - Valparaiso railway line introduced skiing in South America around 1890. In 1910 Roald Amundsen used skis on his South Pole Expedition. In 1902 the Norwegian consul in Kobe imported ski equipment and introduced skiing to the Japanese, motivated by the death of Japanese soldiers during a snow storm. Norwegian skiing regiments organized military skiing contests in the 18th century, divided in four classes: shooting at a target while skiing at "top speed", downhill racing among trees, downhill racing on large slopes without falling, "long racing" on "flat ground". An early record of a public ski competition occurred in Tromsø, 1843. In Norwegian, langrenn refers to "competitive skiing where the goal is to complete a specific distance in groomed tracks in the shortest possible time".
In Norway, ski touring competitions are long-distance cross-country competitions open to the public, competition is within age intervals. A new technique, skate skiing, was experimented with early in the 20th Century, but was not adopted until the 1980s. Johan Grøttumsbråten used the skating technique at the 1931 World Championship in Oberhof, one of the earliest recorded use of skating in competitive cross-country skiing; this technique was used in ski orienteering in the 1960s on roads and other firm surfaces. It became widespread during the 1980s after the success of Bill Koch in 1982 Cross-country Skiing Championships drew more attention to the skating style. Norwegian skier Ove Aunli started using the technique in 1984, when he found it to be much faster than classic style. Finnish skier, Pauli Siitonen, developed a one-sided variant of the style in the 1970s, leaving one ski in the track while skating to the side with the other one during endurance events. While the noun ski originates from the Norwegian language, unlike the English skiing there is no corresponding verb in Norwegian.
Fridtjov Nansen, for instance, describes the crossing of Greenland as På ski over Grønland "On skis across Greenland", while the English edition of the report was titled, The first crossing of Greenland. Nansen referred to the activity o
Commissioner of Yukon
The Commissioner of Yukon is the representative of the Government of Canada in the Canadian federal territory of Yukon. The commissioner is appointed by the federal government and, in contrast to the Governor General of Canada or the Lieutenant Governors of the Canadian provinces, is not a viceroy and therefore not a direct representative of the Canadian monarch in the territory eo ipso; the offices of Commissioner and Administrator were abolished in 1918. Office replaced by the Gold Commissioner, responsible to the federal Minister of the Interior; the positions of Gold Commissioner and Comptroller were combined in 1932 with the Comptroller being the title for the chief executive. The title was changed to "Controller" in 1936. In 1948, the title of chief executive once again became Commissioner. By the 1960s, the Commissioner had formed an executive committee that included some members of the elected Territorial Council, in essence a cabinet. Beginning in 1978, Yukon had party government with a Government Leader.
In October 1979, federal minister Jake Epp issued a letter known as the Epp letter, instructing the Commissioner to assume a role similar to that of a provincial Lieutenant-Governor, devolving leadership of the day-to-day government to the majority leader of the legislative assembly, to whom the Epp letter granted the authority to use the title Premier. At that time, the government leader added a fifth elected member to the committee, which became an executive council. Subsequent federal ministers did not revoke this authority and instruction, codified in amendments to the Yukon Act, along with redesignation of the legislative assembly from territorial council; the process since 1979, has devolved powers from the federal government to the territorial government, bringing authority, reserved by the Articles of Confederation for provinces to the territory. See also: List of premiers of Yukon As of March 2019, six former commissioners are alive, the oldest being Douglas Bell. "History". Commissioner of Yukon.
Government of Yukon. Retrieved 2009-11-30. "Commissioners of the Yukon Territory". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2018-09-05. Specific Official website Official Handbook for Commissioners of the Territories
Eagle River, Anchorage
Eagle River is a community within the Municipality of Anchorage situated on the Eagle River for which it is named, between Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson and Chugach State Park in the Chugach Mountains. Its ZIP code is 99577. If Eagle River were not part of the Municipality of Anchorage, it would be classified as one of the five largest cities in Alaska; the name Eagle River was first reported in 1939 by the U. S. Geological Survey; the Eagle River/Chugiak area was prospered on agricultural activities. The Eagle River post office was established in 1961. In spite of some local opposition, both Chugiak and Eagle River became annexed to the Municipality of Anchorage, when the City of Anchorage and the Greater Anchorage Area Borough were unified in 1975. Efforts to secede from the Municipality surfaced around 2000, but are no longer prominent as the community has seen an influx of individuals who have social and economic ties to Anchorage and the nearby Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson. Mount Baldy, a 3,218-foot peak in Chugach State Park is hang-gliding area.
The Eagle River runs through the southern end of the community. Neighborhoods along the Glenn Highway and Old Glenn Highway corridor are level or sloping, rising towards the Chugach Mountains east of the Old Glenn Highway; the remainder of the community lies along the canyon of the Eagle River. Neighborhoods along the northern portions of Eagle River, plus Hiland Road and Eagle River Road east of the curve where the road leaves the section line and descends into the canyon consist of houses built across the mountainsides. Wallace Mountain, on the far northeast corner of the community's road system, is home to several radio station transmitters and towers at the 1,900 feet level. Eagle River's average temperatures in January range from 6 to 20 degrees. Annual precipitation is 15.9 inches, with 69 inches of snowfall. The bulk of the snowfall is from mid-October through December, with fewer snowstorms from January through April. On average, the area experiences 2 to 3 "chinooks" - a warm, dry wind that melts much of the snow and creates a minor thaw - during the winter months.
Springtime is referred to as "break up" in the area and further north, referring to the breaking up of the ice on rivers and lakes. Local lore holds that seedlings should not be planted outdoors until after Memorial Day in May, then temperatures should be watched for light frost until June. Eagle River first appeared on the 1960 U. S. Census as an unincorporated village, again in 1970, it was annexed into Anchorage in 1975. The 2000 census found a population of 22,236 in Eagle River and an additional 8,000 in the settlements northeast of Eagle River: Chugiak, Peters Creek, Thunderbird Falls and Eklutna. About 30,000 people live on both sides of the Glenn Highway. Many personnel from Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson live in Eagle River, many of the area's civilian residents additionally commute to jobs in the "Anchorage bowl". Eagle River is the shopping hub between Anchorage and Wasilla. Major stores are Wal-Mart, Fred Meyer, Carrs Safeway, Walgreens; the last decade has seen two major improvements in local services: shopping and the availability of medical and dental services.
The local movie theater reopened in 2006 with six screens closed down in December 2011. The number of local restaurants available has doubled in the past 10 years as well. There are restaurants available that serve Mexican, Thai, local Alaskan and American cuisines, as well as national fast-food places: McDonald's, Arby's, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, Papa John's Pizza and Carls Jr.. Local coffee shops are popular places to get together, with Tinkers Rainforest Deli, Jitters and Sleepy Dog being popular places for study groups to meet. Annual community events include a Fourth of July celebration held at Lion's Park, the Bear Paw Festival, in July and is celebrated all over Eagle River; the Bear Paw Festival kicks off on Thursday evening with the Miss Bear Paw pageant held at the Steve Primis Auditorium at Chugiak High School. This scholarship pageant sponsored by the Chugiak-Eagle River Chamber of Commerce presents awards for Bear Paw Princess, Official Escort, Best Costume with an Alaskan Theme and Miss Congeniality.
The Sleeping Lady Mountain Lions Club provides a Community Service Award scholarship as well. Saturday morning there is a 5k foot race, followed by a well-attended parade. There are carnival games and rides as well as numerous vendors providing food and wares ranging from toys to furniture. A Renaissance anachronistic group does performances several times daily on Sunday. Now every year starting in 2017, on April 8, Eagle River Rotary does a Nerf Royale hosted at the outdoor fields of the Mac Center. Eagle River has numerous public and charter school programs available for K-12 grades; the public school district is the Anchorage School District. Homeschooling is a popular form of education in the area, both through home based charter schools and independently. Chugiak High School is northeast of town. Eagle River High School is the other High School in the region located Southwest of the town; the town is zoned such that half of its residents go to Eagle River High School, while the other half attends Chugiak H
Alpine skiing
Alpine skiing, or downhill skiing, is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings, unlike other types of skiing, which use skis with free-heel bindings. Whether for recreation or sport, it is practised at ski resorts, which provide such services as ski lifts, artificial snow making, snow grooming and ski patrol. "Off-piste" skiers—those skiing outside ski area boundaries—may employ snowmobiles, helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope. Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode for hiking up slopes and a locked-heel mode for descents. Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936; as of 1994, there were estimated to be 55 million people worldwide. The estimated number of skiers, who practised alpine, cross-country skiing, related snow sports, amounted to 30 million in Europe, 20 million in North America, 14 million in Japan; as of 1996, there were 4,500 ski areas, operating 26,000 ski lifts and enjoying skier visits.
The predominant region for downhill skiing was Europe, followed by Japan and the US. The ancient origins of skiing can be traced back to prehistoric times in Russia, Finland and Norway where varying sizes and shapes of wooden planks were preserved in peat bogs. Skis were first invented to cross marshes in the winter when they froze over. In the 1760s, skiing was recorded as being used in military training; the Norwegian army held skill competitions involving skiing down slopes, around trees and obstacles while shooting. The birth of modern alpine skiing is dated to the 1850s. Skiing was an integral part of transportation in colder countries for thousands of years. In the late 19th century skiing converted from a method of transportation to a competitive and recreational sport. Norwegian legend Sondre Norheim first began the trend of skis with curved sides, bindings with stiff heel bands made of willow, the slalom turn style. Sondre Norheim was the champion of the first downhill skiing competition held in Oslo, Norway in 1868.
Two to three decades the sport spread to the rest of Europe and the U. S; the first slalom ski competition occurred in Mürren, Switzerland in 1922. A skier following the fall line will reach the maximum possible speed for that slope. A skier with skis pointed perpendicular to the fall line, across the hill instead of down it, will accelerate more slowly; the speed of descent down any given hill can be controlled by changing the angle of motion in relation to the fall line, skiing across the hill rather than down it. Downhill skiing technique focuses on the use of turns to smoothly turn the skis from one direction to another. Additionally, the skier can use the same techniques to turn the ski away from the direction of movement, generating skidding forces between the skis and snow which further control the speed of the descent. Good technique results in a flowing motion from one descent angle to another one, adjusting the angle as needed to match changes in the steepness of the run; this looks more like a single series of S's than turns followed by straight sections.
The oldest and still common form of alpine ski turn is the stem, turning the front of the skis sideways from the body so they form an angle against the direction of travel. In doing so, the ski pushes snow forward and to the side, the snow pushes the skier back and to the opposite side; the force backwards directly counteracts gravity, slows the skier. The force to the sides, if unbalanced, will cause the skier to turn. Carving is based on the shape of the ski itself; the contact between the arc of the ski edges and the snow causes the ski to tend to move along that arc, slowing the skier and changing their direction of motion. The snowplow turn is the simplest form of turning and is learned by beginners. To perform the snowplow turn one must be in the snowplow position while going down the ski slope. While doing this they apply more pressure to the inside of the opposite foot of which the direction they would like to turn; this type of turn allows the skier to keep a controlled speed and introduces the idea of turning across the fall line.
Modern alpine skis are shaped to enable carve turning, have evolved since the 1980's, with variants such as powder skis, freestyle skis, all-mountain skis, kid's skis and more. Powder skis are used when there is a large amount of fresh snow, as the shape of a powder ski is wide allowing the ski to float on top of the snow compared to a normal downhill ski which would most sink into the snow. Freestyle skis are used by skiers; these skis are meant to help a skier who skis jumps and other features placed throughout the terrain park. Freestyle skis are fully symmetric, meaning they are the same dimensions from the tip of the ski to the backside of the ski. All-mountain skis are the most common type of ski, tend to be used as a typical alpine ski. All-mountain skis are built to do a little bit of everything. Slalom race skis referred to as race skis are short, narrow skis, which tend to be stiffer because they are meant for those who want to go fast as well as make quick sharp turns; the binding is a device used to connect the skier's boot to the ski.
The purpose of the binding is to allow the skier to stay connected to the ski, but if the skier falls the binding can safely release them from the ski to prevent injury. There are two types of bindings: the heel and toe system and the plate system binding
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is a federal subject of Russia. Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, its largest city is Noyabrsk, its population was counted to be 522,904 in the 2010 Census. The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe, their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears. Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude; that is, it is at the point 70 N and 70 E, with equal degrees. The area consists of arctic tundra and taiga, with three large peninsulas - the Yamal Peninsula, Tazovskiy peninsula and the Gydan Peninsula; the Ob River flows through Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the Kara Sea via the Gulf of Ob, which dominates the geography of the Okrug (together with its two sub-bays, the Taz Estuary and Khalmyer Bay.. There are a number of island off the okrug's coast - from west to east the main ones are Torasovey Island, Bolotnyy Island, Litke Island, Sharapovy Koshki Islands, Bely Island, Shokalsky Island, Petsovyye Islands, Proklyatyye Islands, Oleniy Island and Vilkitsky Island.
On December 10, 1930, Yamal National Okrug was formed based on Ural Oblast. Population: 522,904 . Source: Russian Federal State Statistics Service Source The Nenets make up 5.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians and followed by Tatars. Other prominent ethnic groups include Belarusians, Azerbaijanis, Bashkirs and Moldovans. Due to the area's oil and natural gas wealth, it is one of the few places in Russia where the ethnic Russian population is growing. According to a 2012 survey 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 14% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are believers in Orthodox Christianity who don't belong to any church, 1% are members of the Slavic neopaganism or practitioners of local shamanic religions, 1% are members of Protestant churches. In addition, 14% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% is atheist, 0.8% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question. Yamalo-Nenetsky Avtonomny Okrug is Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there.
The region accounts for 12% of Russia's oil production. The region is the most importance to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second largest gas producer – is active in the region, with its headquarteres located in Tarko-Sale. List of Chairmen of the Legislative Assembly of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug Законодательное Собрание Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. Закон №119-ЗАО от 17 ноября 2010 г. «О гимне Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Красный Север", спецвыпуск №147/1, 20 ноября 2010 г.. Государственная Дума Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа. №56-ЗАО 28 декабря 1998 г. «Устав Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа», в ред. Закона №140-ЗАО от 21 декабря 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Устав Ямало-Ненецкого автономного округа». Вступил в силу 15 января 1999 г. Опубликован: "Красный Север", 15 января 1999 г
Canada Games
The Canada Games is a high-level multi-sport event with a National Artists Program, held every two years in Canada, alternating between the Canada Winter Games and the Canada Summer Games. Athletes are amateur only, represent their province or territory; the Games were first held in 1967 in Quebec City as part of Canada's Centennial celebrations. For the first time in Canada's history, 1,800 athletes from 10 provinces and two territories gathered to compete in 15 sports. Under the Games motto "Unity through Sport", these first Canada Winter Games paved the way to what is now Canada's largest multi-sport competition for young athletes; the governing body for the Canada Games is the Canada Games Council, a non-profit private organization incorporated in 1991. The individual games are run by the local host society, a non-profit private organization created for the purpose, in accordance with an agreement between the local host society, the government of Canada, the government of the province or territory, the government of the municipality, the Canada Games Council.
For example, the 2011 Halifax games were run by the Halifax 2011 Canada Games Host Society on the basis of an agreement between the host society and the Canada Games Council, Nova Scotia, the city of Halifax. In 2015, for the first time, there was a local host First Nation, Lheidli T'enneh. Funding for the games comes from the several levels of government together with donations and corporate sponsorships. A considerable portion of the work during the games is performed by local volunteers. Held every two years, alternating between summer and winter, the Canada Games are a key event in the development of Canada's young athletes; as the best in their age group, these young competitors come to the Games having trained long and hard to be among those chosen to represent their respective province or territory and compete for the Canada Games Flag and Centennial Cup. With the Canada Games poised as a key step in the development of Canada's future stars, Canada Games athletes are Canada's next generation national and Olympic champions.
The Canada Games and their lasting legacies continue to be the catalyst for the growth of sport and recreation across Canada. Since 1967, over 75,000 athletes have participated in the Games with hundreds of thousands having engaged in try-outs and qualifying events. Over 100,000 coaches and volunteers have been directly involved in the planning and staging of the Games. Cumulatively, $250 million has been invested in the Canada Games, about half of it in capital projects in the various host communities. From the Saint John Canada Games Aquatic Centre to the Hillside Stadium and Aquatic Centre in Kamloops, B. C.. The Canada Games, a celebration of youth, sport and community, are the product of ongoing collaboration between the Government of Canada, provincial/territorial governments, host municipalities, the private sector and the Canada Games Council; the 2009 Canada Summer Games were hosted by the entire province of Prince Edward Island. The most recent games took place in Red Deer, between February 15 and March 3, 2019.
Since their inception in 1967, the Canada Games have played a prominent role in developing some of Canada's premier athletes. The Games have acted as a stepping stone for many of Canada's celebrated athletes; the Canada Games Council is the governing body for the Canada Games. As the Games move from one host community to the next, the Council provides the continuity and support to Host Societies in key areas such as sport technical, organizational planning and protocol, marketing and sponsorship. * The host cities have not been chosen for the games after 2021 but the provinces through 2035 have. Sports for the 2017 Canada Games in Winnipeg, MB; the winter games include some sports not associated with winter. Sports for the 2015 Canada Games in Prince George, British Columbia. For per Games medal standings see List of Canada Games. Quebec Games Western Canada Summer Games Official site
