Area denial weapon
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An area denial weapon is a war offensive and defensive device used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land, sea or air. The specific method may not be totally effective in
Minefield at East–West Germany Border in 1965
Caltrop used in Vietnam, 1968
Anti-personnel landmines
Gari Melchers War Highsmith
Caltrop
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A caltrop is an area denial weapon made up of usually four, but possibly more, sharp nails or spines arranged in such a manner that one of them always points upward from a stable base. Historically, c
Area denial weapon
…most of antiquity. Many variants were used, such as boards with metal hooks, as described as used by Julius Caesar. A more modern version of this are caltrops. Passive fortification—ditches and obstacles such as dragon's teeth and Czech hedgehogs—were used as anti-tank measures during World War II. Simple…
Roman caltrop at the Westphalian Museum of Archeology (German: Westfälisches Museum für Archäologie), Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Bronze caltrops from the Three Kingdoms era
A 16th-century caltrop
Traditional caltrops and mines from the Mongol Empire