Ariaramnes was a great-uncle of Cyrus the Great and the great-grandfather of Darius I, and perhaps the king of Parsa, the ancient core kingdom of Persia. Ariaramnes was most likely the brother of Cyru
Position of Ariaramnes in the Achaemenid lineage according to Darius the Great in the Behistun inscription.
Hystaspes or Guštāsp, was a Persian satrap of Bactria and Persis. He was the father of Darius I, king of the Achaemenid Empire, and Artabanus, who was a trusted advisor to both his brother Darius as w
A "Niebuhr inscription" reading "Darius the Great King, King of Kings, King of countries, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian, who built this Palace".
According to Ammianus Marcellinus, Hystaspes penetrated deep into India, where he learned from the Brahmins. Historically, this corresponds to the time of the Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley.