1.
Broadsheet
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A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages. The term derives from types of popular prints usually just of a sheet, sold on the streets and containing various types of material. The first broadsheet newspaper was the Dutch Courante uyt Italien, Duytslandt, other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats. Many broadsheets measure approximately 29 1⁄2 by 23 1⁄2 inches per full broadsheet spread, australian and New Zealand broadsheets always have a paper size of A1 per spread. South African broadsheet newspapers have a spread sheet size of 820 by 578 mm or 32.3 by 22.8 in. Others measure 22 inches or 560 millimetres vertically, in the United States, the traditional dimensions for the front page half of a broadsheet are 15 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long. However, in efforts to save newsprint costs many U. S. newspapers have downsized to 12 inches wide by 22 3⁄4 inches long for a folded page. Many rate cards and specification cards refer to the size with dimensions representing the front page half of a broadsheet size, rather than the full. Some quote actual page size and others quote the area size. The two versions of the broadsheet are, Full broadsheet – The full broadsheet typically is folded vertically in half so that it forms four pages, the four pages are called a spread. Half broadsheet – The half broadsheet is usually a page that is not folded vertically and just includes a front. In uncommon instances, an entire newspaper can be a two-page half broadsheet or four-page full broadsheet, totally self-contained advertising circulars inserted in a newspaper in the same format are referred to as broadsheets. Broadsheets typically are also folded horizontally in half to accommodate newsstand display space, the horizontal fold however does not affect the page numbers and the content remains vertical. The most important newspaper stories are placed above the fold and this contrasts with tabloids which typically do not have a horizontal fold. The broadsheet has since emerged as the most popular format for the dissemination of printed news, historically, broadsheets developed after the British in 1712 placed a tax on newspapers based on the number of their pages. The original purpose of the broadsheet, or broadside, was for the purpose of posting royal proclamations, acts, eventually the people began using the broadsheet as a source for political activism by reprinting speeches, ballads or narrative songs originally performed by bards. With the early mechanization of the 19th century came an increase in production of printed materials including the broadside as well as the penny dreadful. In this period all over Europe began to print their issues on broadsheets
2.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
3.
OCLC
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The Online Computer Library Center is a US-based nonprofit cooperative organization dedicated to the public purposes of furthering access to the worlds information and reducing information costs. It was founded in 1967 as the Ohio College Library Center, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat, the largest online public access catalog in the world. OCLC is funded mainly by the fees that libraries have to pay for its services, the group first met on July 5,1967 on the campus of the Ohio State University to sign the articles of incorporation for the nonprofit organization. The group hired Frederick G. Kilgour, a former Yale University medical school librarian, Kilgour wished to merge the latest information storage and retrieval system of the time, the computer, with the oldest, the library. The goal of network and database was to bring libraries together to cooperatively keep track of the worlds information in order to best serve researchers and scholars. The first library to do online cataloging through OCLC was the Alden Library at Ohio University on August 26,1971 and this was the first occurrence of online cataloging by any library worldwide. Membership in OCLC is based on use of services and contribution of data, between 1967 and 1977, OCLC membership was limited to institutions in Ohio, but in 1978, a new governance structure was established that allowed institutions from other states to join. In 2002, the structure was again modified to accommodate participation from outside the United States. As OCLC expanded services in the United States outside of Ohio, it relied on establishing strategic partnerships with networks, organizations that provided training, support, by 2008, there were 15 independent United States regional service providers. OCLC networks played a key role in OCLC governance, with networks electing delegates to serve on OCLC Members Council, in early 2009, OCLC negotiated new contracts with the former networks and opened a centralized support center. OCLC provides bibliographic, abstract and full-text information to anyone, OCLC and its member libraries cooperatively produce and maintain WorldCat—the OCLC Online Union Catalog, the largest online public access catalog in the world. WorldCat has holding records from public and private libraries worldwide. org, in October 2005, the OCLC technical staff began a wiki project, WikiD, allowing readers to add commentary and structured-field information associated with any WorldCat record. The Online Computer Library Center acquired the trademark and copyrights associated with the Dewey Decimal Classification System when it bought Forest Press in 1988, a browser for books with their Dewey Decimal Classifications was available until July 2013, it was replaced by the Classify Service. S. The reference management service QuestionPoint provides libraries with tools to communicate with users and this around-the-clock reference service is provided by a cooperative of participating global libraries. OCLC has produced cards for members since 1971 with its shared online catalog. OCLC commercially sells software, e. g. CONTENTdm for managing digital collections, OCLC has been conducting research for the library community for more than 30 years. In accordance with its mission, OCLC makes its research outcomes known through various publications and these publications, including journal articles, reports, newsletters, and presentations, are available through the organizations website. The most recent publications are displayed first, and all archived resources, membership Reports – A number of significant reports on topics ranging from virtual reference in libraries to perceptions about library funding
4.
Newspaper
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A newspaper is a serial publication containing news about current events, other informative articles about politics, sports, arts, and so on, and advertising. A newspaper is usually, but not exclusively, printed on relatively inexpensive, the journalism organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called newspapers. As of 2017, most newspapers are now published online as well as in print, the online versions are called online newspapers or news websites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, News magazines are also weekly, but they have a magazine format. General-interest newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well as local news, typically the paper is divided into sections for each of those major groupings. Papers also include articles which have no byline, these articles are written by staff writers, a wide variety of material has been published in newspapers. As of 2017, newspapers may also provide information about new movies, most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and advertising revenue. Some newspapers are government-run or at least government-funded, their reliance on advertising revenue, the editorial independence of a newspaper is thus always subject to the interests of someone, whether owners, advertisers, or a government. Some newspapers with high editorial independence, high quality. This is a way to avoid duplicating the expense of reporting from around the world, circa 2005, there were approximately 6,580 daily newspaper titles in the world selling 395 million print copies a day. Worldwide annual revenue approached $100 billion in 2005-7, then plunged during the financial crisis of 2008-9. Revenue in 2016 fell to only $53 billion, hurting every major publisher as their efforts to gain online income fell far short of the goal. Besides remodeling advertising, the internet has also challenged the business models of the era by crowdsourcing both publishing in general and, more specifically, journalism. In addition, the rise of news aggregators, which bundle linked articles from online newspapers. Increasing paywalling of online newspapers may be counteracting those effects, the oldest newspaper still published is the Gazzetta di Mantova, which was established in Mantua in 1664. While online newspapers have increased access to newspapers by people with Internet access, literacy is also a factor which prevents people who cannot read from being able to benefit from reading newspapers. Periodicity, They are published at intervals, typically daily or weekly. This ensures that newspapers can provide information on newly-emerging news stories or events, currency, Its information is as up to date as its publication schedule allows
5.
Little Rock, Arkansas
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Little Rock is the capital and the most populous city of the U. S. state of Arkansas. It is also the county seat of Pulaski County and it was incorporated on November 7,1831, on the south bank of the Arkansas River close to the geographic center of the state. The city derives its name from a rock formation along the river, the capital of the Arkansas Territory was moved to Little Rock from Arkansas Post in 1821. The citys population was 193,524 at the 2010 census, Little Rock is a cultural, economic, government, and transportation center within Arkansas and the South. Little Rocks history is available through history museums, historic districts or neighborhoods like the Quapaw Quarter, the city is the headquarters of Dillards, Windstream Communications, Acxiom, Stephens Inc. University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Heifer International, the Clinton Foundation, other large corporations, such as Dassault Falcon Jet and LM Wind Power have large operations in the city. State government is an employer, with many offices being located in downtown Little Rock. Two Interstate highways, Interstate 30 and Interstate 40, meet in Little Rock, Little Rock derives its name from a small rock formation on the south bank of the Arkansas River called le petit rocher. The little rock was used by river traffic as a landmark. The little rock is across the river from big rock, a bluff at the edge of the river. Archeological artifacts provide evidence of Native Americans inhabiting Central Arkansas for thousands of years before Europeans arrived, the early inhabitants may have been the Folsom people, Bluff Dwellers, and Mississippian culture peoples who built earthwork mounds recorded in 1541 by Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto. Historical tribes of the area were the Caddo, Quapaw, Osage, Choctaw, Little Rock was named for a stone outcropping on the bank of the Arkansas River used by early travelers as a landmark. Le Petit Rocher, named in 1722 by French explorer and trader Jean-Baptiste Bénard de la Harpe, Travelers referred to the area as the Little Rock, and the landmark name stuck. Little Rock is located at 34°44′10″N 92°19′52″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 116.8 square miles, of which,116.2 square miles of it is land and 0.6 square miles of it is water. Little Rock is located on the bank of the Arkansas River in Central Arkansas. Fourche Creek and Rock Creek run through the city, and flow into the river, the western part of the city is located in the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains. Northwest of the city limits are Pinnacle Mountain and Lake Maumelle, the city of North Little Rock is located just across the river from Little Rock, but it is a separate city. North Little Rock was once the 8th ward of Little Rock, an Arkansas Supreme Court decision on February 6,1904, allowed the ward to merge with the neighboring town of North Little Rock
6.
Mississippi River
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The Mississippi River is the chief river of the largest drainage system on the North American continent. Flowing entirely in the United States, it rises in northern Minnesota, with its many tributaries, the Mississippis watershed drains all or parts of 31 U. S. states and 2 Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian Mountains. The Mississippi ranks as the fourth longest and fifteenth largest river in the world by discharge, the river either borders or passes through the states of Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Native Americans long lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries, most were hunter-gatherers, but some, such as the Mound Builders, formed prolific agricultural societies. The arrival of Europeans in the 16th century changed the way of life as first explorers, then settlers. The river served first as a barrier, forming borders for New Spain, New France, and the early United States, and then as a vital transportation artery and communications link. Formed from thick layers of the silt deposits, the Mississippi embayment is one of the most fertile agricultural regions of the country. In recent years, the river has shown a shift towards the Atchafalaya River channel in the Delta. The word itself comes from Messipi, the French rendering of the Anishinaabe name for the river, see below in the History section for additional information. In addition to historical traditions shown by names, there are at least two measures of a rivers identity, one being the largest branch, and the other being the longest branch. Using the largest-branch criterion, the Ohio would be the branch of the Lower Mississippi. Using the longest-branch criterion, the Middle Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson-Beaverhead-Red Rock-Hellroaring Creek River would be the main branch and its length of at least 3,745 mi is exceeded only by the Nile, the Amazon, and perhaps the Yangtze River among the longest rivers in the world. The source of this waterway is at Browers Spring,8,800 feet above sea level in southwestern Montana and this is exemplified by the Gateway Arch in St. Louis and the phrase Trans-Mississippi as used in the name of the Trans-Mississippi Exposition. It is common to qualify a regionally superlative landmark in relation to it, the New Madrid Seismic Zone along the river is also noteworthy. These various basic geographical aspects of the river in turn underlie its human history and present uses of the waterway, the Upper Mississippi runs from its headwaters to its confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri. The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca,1,475 feet above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, however, the lake is in turn fed by a number of smaller streams. From its origin at Lake Itasca to St. Louis, Missouri, fourteen of these dams are located above Minneapolis in the headwaters region and serve multiple purposes, including power generation and recreation. The remaining 29 dams, beginning in downtown Minneapolis, all locks and were constructed to improve commercial navigation of the upper river
7.
Gazette Building (Little Rock, Arkansas)
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The Gazette Building in Little Rock, Arkansas was built in 1908. It was designed by architect George R. Mann, and built by Peter Hotze, the building was listed on the U. S. National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Originally and for years, the building served as the headquarters of the Arkansas Gazette newspaper. Its historic building in downtown Little Rock served as the campaign headquarters for the 1992 presidential campaign of Governor Bill Clinton. It now houses the Elementary and Middle Schools for eStem Public Charter Schools, National Register of Historic Places listings in Little Rock, Arkansas
8.
Arkansas
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Arkansas is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Its name is of Siouan derivation from the language of the Osage denoting their related kin, the states diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozark and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U. S. Interior Highlands, to the forested land in the south known as the Arkansas Timberlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. Arkansas is the 29th largest by area and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States, the capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state, a hub for transportation, business, culture, and government. The northwestern corner of the state, such as the Fayetteville–Springdale–Rogers Metropolitan Area and Fort Smith metropolitan area, is a population, education, the largest city in the eastern part of the state is Jonesboro. The largest city in the part of the state is Pine Bluff. The Territory of Arkansas was admitted to the Union as the 25th state on June 15,1836, in 1861 Arkansas withdrew from the United States and joined the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. Upon returning to the Union in 1868, the state would continue to suffer due to its reliance on slavery. White rural interests continued to dominate the politics until the Civil Rights Movement. Arkansas began to diversify its economy following World War II and relies on its service industry, aircraft, poultry, steel, tourism, cotton, and rice. The culture of Arkansas is observable in museums, theaters, novels, television shows, restaurants, wright, and physicist William L. McMillan, who was a pioneer in superconductor research, have all lived in Arkansas. The name Arkansas derives from the root as the name for the state of Kansas. The Kansa tribe of Native Americans are closely associated with the Sioux tribes of the Great Plains, the word Arkansas itself is a French pronunciation of a Quapaw word, akakaze, meaning land of downriver people or the Sioux word akakaze meaning people of the south wind. In 2007, the legislature passed a non-binding resolution declaring the possessive form of the states name to be Arkansass which has been followed increasingly by the state government. Arkansas borders Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, Oklahoma to the west, Missouri to the north, as well as Tennessee, the United States Census Bureau classifies Arkansas as a southern state, sub-categorized among the West South Central States. The state line along the Mississippi River is indeterminate along much of the border with Mississippi due to these changes. Arkansas can generally be split into two halves, the highlands in the northwest half and the lowlands of the southeastern half, the highlands are part of the Southern Interior Highlands, including The Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains. The southern lowlands include the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Arkansas Delta and this dual split can yield to general regions named northwest, southwest, northeast, southeast, or central Arkansas
9.
Arkansas Post
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The French and Spanish traded with the Quapaw for years, and the post was of strategic value to the French, Spanish, and Americans. It was designated as the first capital of the Arkansas Territory in 1819, during the years of fur trading, Arkansas Post was protected by a series of forts. The forts and associated settlements were located at three sites and possibly a fourth, as the waterfront area was prone to erosion. The land encompassing the second Arkansas Post site was designated as a park in 1929. Three archeological excavations have been conducted at the site, beginning in the 1950s, experts say the most extensive cultural resources at the site are archeological, both for the 18th and 19th-century settlements, and the earlier Quapaw villages. Due to changes in the river and navigation measures, the level has risen closer to the height of the bluffs. The site is now considered low lying, erosion and construction on the river have resulted in the remains of three of the historic forts being under water in the river channel. The post was established on land given to De Tonti for his service in René-Robert Cavelier, the agreement with the local Quapaw consisted of trading French goods for beaver furs, although this arrangement did not yield much profit, as the Quapaw had little interest in hunting beaver. Even so, trade and friendly relations with the Quapaw and other native peoples, such as the Caddo. The French settlers initially called the post Aux Arcs, the first structures erected at the site were a simple wooden house and fence. The small settlement was the first permanent French holding west of the Mississippi, there the French conducted the first documented Christian services in Arkansas. The importance of the post was fully realized in 1699, when King Louis XIV began to invest more resources into French Louisiana, john Laws Mississippi Company made a venture from 1717 to 1724 recruiting German settlers to turn the surrounding area into a major agricultural hub. The plan was to grow crops on the lower Arkansas for trade with Arkansas Post, New Orleans, about 100 slaves and indentured servants were brought to the area as workers, and land grants were offered to German settlers. However, this failed when the company withdrew from Arkansas Post due to the burst of the Mississippi Bubble. Most of the slaves and indentured servants were relocated elsewhere along the Lower Mississippi, but a few remained in or near the post, becoming hunters, farmers, and traders. By 1720, the post had lost much of its significance to the French because of the lack of profit in trading with the Quapaw, in 1723, the post was occupied by thirteen French soldiers and Lieutenant Avignon Guérin de La Boulaye was the commander. Father Paul du Poisson was priest at the post from July 1727 until his death in 1729, on May 10,1749, during the Chickasaw Wars, the post experienced its first military engagement. Chief Payamataha of the Chickasaw attacked the areas of the post with 150 of his warriors
10.
Arkansas Territory
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This included all of the present state of Oklahoma south of the parallel 36°30 north. Originally the western border of Missouri was intended to go due south to the Red River, during negotiations with the Choctaw in 1820, however, Andrew Jackson unknowingly ceded more of Arkansas territory. Then in 1824, after negotiations, the Choctaw agreed to move farther west. This resulted in the bend in the border at Fort Smith. Until Oklahoma received statehood, Fort Smith served as the legal authority overseeing the Oklahoma Territory. The Army oversaw issues dealing with the Indian Nations, Arkansas Post was the first territorial capital and Little Rock was the second. S. S. Acts of the Fifteenth Congress of the United States, 2nd Session, from Library of Congress, A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation, U. S. This act of Congress established the territory of Arkansaw, act of April 21,1820, ch.48. Acts of the Sixteenth Congress of the United States, 1st Session, from Library of Congress, A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation, U. S. This act of Congress modifies the act of March 2,1819, thereafter, federal statutes describe it as the territory of Arkansas, although journals of both the House and Senate both continue to occasionally use Arkansaw. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture – Arkansas Territory Oklahoma Digital Maps, Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
11.
Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
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The Arkansas Democrat-Gazette is the newspaper of record in the U. S. state of Arkansas, printed in Little Rock with a northwest edition published in Lowell. It is distributed for sale in all 75 of Arkansas counties, by virtue of one of its predecessors, the Arkansas Gazette, it claims to be the oldest continuously published newspaper west of the Mississippi River. The original print shop of the Gazette is preserved at the Historic Arkansas Museum in Little Rock, the history of the Arkansas Democrat-Gazette goes back to the earliest days of territorial Arkansas. William E. Woodruff arrived at the capital at Arkansas Post in late 1819 on a dugout canoe with a second-hand wooden press. He cranked out the first edition of the Arkansas Gazette on 20 November 1819, early in its history the Gazette scrupulously avoided political involvement or endorsement. In 1821 the territorial capital was moved to Little Rock, the Gazette led the campaign for Arkansas statehood which was accomplished in 1836 and constantly promoted new immigration to the state. The Gazette supported Texas independence and called for volunteers from Arkansas to assist the Texans, in the 1840s Woodruff lost control of the paper and established a competing paper, the Arkansas Democrat. In 1850, after the Gazette had briefly failed under its new owners, Woodruff regained control and combined it with his Democrat as the Arkansas State Gazette, later in the 1850s, under another owner, the name was shortened to the Arkansas State Gazette. The Gazette struggled through the early Civil War years facing financial problems, the Gazette had initially been pro-Union but altered its position after Lincolns call for troops, much like Arkansas as a whole. In 1863 Little Rock fell to Union troops and the Gazette suspended publication until May 1865 while Federal authorities used the presses for their own publications. During the Reconstruction years a competitor arose called by a variety of names, under a variety of editors, smithee bought the newspaper, changed its name to the Arkansas Democrat, and went after lucrative state printing contracts held by the Gazette. The Gazette and the Democrat engaged in a war of words that soon escalated into an exchange of gunfire between the owner of the Democrat and a part-owner of the Gazette, over the years the Gazette and the Democrat supported opposing candidates and took opposite editorial positions. Throughout the simmering battle the Gazette continued to be the dominant state newspaper, the Gazette was owned and edited by John Netherland Heiskell who guided it with a firm hand through most of the twentieth century. In 1926, August Engel acquired a major interest in the Democrat and he became the newspapers president and general manager, leading it through a period of great growth over the next 43 years. Engel gained a reputation as a hard-working, shrewd businessman who took a part in the editorial process. The Gazette took an editorial stance against Governor Orval Faubus when he tried to prevent the Little Rock Nine from integrating Little Rock Central High School in 1957. In 1958 the Gazette was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its stand, despite its honors the circulation of the Gazette dropped during the crisis due to boycotts, which ended when Ashmore left the paper. The Democrat charted a generally neutral editorial stand, Counts also helped arrange the public reconciliation of Eckford and Massery in 1997
12.
JSTOR
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JSTOR is a digital library founded in 1995. Originally containing digitized back issues of journals, it now also includes books and primary sources. It provides full-text searches of almost 2,000 journals, more than 8,000 institutions in more than 160 countries have access to JSTOR, most access is by subscription, but some older public domain content is freely available to anyone. William G. Bowen, president of Princeton University from 1972 to 1988, JSTOR originally was conceived as a solution to one of the problems faced by libraries, especially research and university libraries, due to the increasing number of academic journals in existence. Most libraries found it prohibitively expensive in terms of cost and space to maintain a collection of journals. By digitizing many journal titles, JSTOR allowed libraries to outsource the storage of journals with the confidence that they would remain available long-term, online access and full-text search ability improved access dramatically. Bowen initially considered using CD-ROMs for distribution, JSTOR was initiated in 1995 at seven different library sites, and originally encompassed ten economics and history journals. JSTOR access improved based on feedback from its sites. Special software was put in place to make pictures and graphs clear, with the success of this limited project, Bowen and Kevin Guthrie, then-president of JSTOR, wanted to expand the number of participating journals. They met with representatives of the Royal Society of London and an agreement was made to digitize the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society dating from its beginning in 1665, the work of adding these volumes to JSTOR was completed by December 2000. The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation funded JSTOR initially, until January 2009 JSTOR operated as an independent, self-sustaining nonprofit organization with offices in New York City and in Ann Arbor, Michigan. JSTOR content is provided by more than 900 publishers, the database contains more than 1,900 journal titles, in more than 50 disciplines. Each object is identified by an integer value, starting at 1. In addition to the site, the JSTOR labs group operates an open service that allows access to the contents of the archives for the purposes of corpus analysis at its Data for Research service. This site offers a facility with graphical indication of the article coverage. Users may create focused sets of articles and then request a dataset containing word and n-gram frequencies and they are notified when the dataset is ready and may download it in either XML or CSV formats. The service does not offer full-text, although academics may request that from JSTOR, JSTOR Plant Science is available in addition to the main site. The materials on JSTOR Plant Science are contributed through the Global Plants Initiative and are only to JSTOR
13.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
14.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
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The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917 and it is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win. As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists, finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award, in its first 97 years to 2013, the Public Service Pulitzer was awarded 96 times. There were four years for which no award was given, in 1950,1951,1953,1955 and 1959, prizes were awarded to two newspapers. A reporter was first named in 1947, recently that has more common. 1919, Milwaukee Journal, for its strong and courageous campaign for Americanism in a constituency where foreign elements made such a policy hazardous from a point of view. 1920, no award given 1921, Boston Post, for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest. 1922, New York World, for exposing the operations of the Ku Klux Klan. 1923, Memphis Commercial Appeal, for its courageous attitude in the publication of cartoons,1928, Indianapolis Times, for its work in exposing political corruption to Indiana, prosecuting the guilty and bringing about a more wholesome state of affairs in civil government. 1930, no award given 1931, The Atlanta Constitution, for a successful municipal graft exposure,1932, Indianapolis News, for its successful campaign to eliminate waste in city management and to reduce the tax levy. McKee, and the exposing the lottery schemes of various fraternal organizations. 1934, Medford Mail Tribune, for its campaign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson County,1935, The Sacramento Bee, for its campaign against political machine influence in the appointment of two Federal judges in Nevada. 1936, Cedar Rapids Gazette, for its crusade against corruption,1937, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its exposure of wholesale fraudulent registration in St. Louis. 1938, Bismarck Tribune, for its news reports and editorials entitled,1939, Miami Daily News, for its campaign for the recall of the Miami City Commission. 1940, Waterbury Republican & American, for its campaign exposing municipal graft,1941, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its successful campaign against the city smoke nuisance. 1942, Los Angeles Times, for its campaign which resulted in the clarification and confirmation for all American newspapers of the right of free press as guaranteed under the Constitution. 1943, Omaha World-Herald, for its initiative and originality in planning a campaign for the collection of scrap metal for the war effort
15.
Miami Herald
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The Miami Herald is a daily newspaper owned by the McClatchy Company and headquartered in Doral, Florida, a city in western Miami-Dade County several miles west of Miami. Founded in 1903, it is the second largest newspaper in South Florida, serving Miami-Dade, Broward County and it also circulates throughout Latin America and the Caribbean. The newspaper employs over 800 people in Miami and across several bureaus, including Bogotá, Managua, Tallahassee, Vero Beach, Key West, the newspaper has been awarded 20 Pulitzer Prizes since beginning publication in 1903. Well-known columnists include Pulitzer-winning political commentator Leonard Pitts, Jr. Pulitzer-winning reporter Mirta Ojito, humorist Dave Barry, other columnists include Fred Grimm and longtime sportswriter Edwin Pope. Alexandra Villoch is the publisher, and Aminda Marqués Gonzalez is the executive editor, the newspaper averages 88 pages daily and 212 pages on Sundays. The Miami Heralds coverage of Latin American and Hispanic affairs is widely considered among the best of U. S. newspapers. The Miami Herald also participates in Politifact Florida, a website that focuses on the truth about Florida issues, along with the Tampa Bay Times, the Herald and the Times share resources on news stories related to Florida. The first edition was published September 15,1903, as The Miami Evening Record, after the recession of 1907, the newspaper had severe financial difficulties. Its largest creditor was Henry Flagler, through a loan from Henry Flagler, Frank B. Shutts, who was also the founder of the law firm Shutts & Bowen, acquired the paper, although it is the longest continuously published newspaper in Miami, the earliest newspaper in the region was The Tropical Sun, established in 1891. The Miami Metropolis, which later became The Miami News, was founded in 1896, and was the Heralds oldest competitor until 1988, during the Florida land boom of the 1920s, the Miami Herald was the largest newspaper in the world, as measured by lines of advertising. During The Great Depression in the 1930s, the Herald came close to receivership, on October 25,1939, John S. Knight, son of a noted Ohio newspaperman, bought the Herald from Frank B. Knight became editor and publisher, and made his brother, James L. Knight, lee Hills arrived as city editor in September 1942. He later became the Heralds publisher and eventually the chairman of Knight-Ridder Inc. a position he held until 1981, the Miami Herald International Edition, printed by partner newspapers throughout the Caribbean and Latin America, began in 1946. It was extended to Mexico in 2002, the Herald won its first Pulitzer Prize in 1950, for its reporting on Miamis organized crime. Its circulation was 176,000 daily and 204,000 on Sundays, on August 19,1960, construction began on the Herald building on Biscayne Bay. Also on that day, Alvah H. Chapman, started work as James Knights assistant, Chapman was later promoted to Knight-Ridder chairman and chief executive officer. The Herald moved into its new building at One Herald Plaza without missing an edition on March 23–24,1963, publication of a Spanish-language supplemental insert named El Herald began in 1976
16.
Brooklyn Eagle
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At one point it was the most popular afternoon paper in the United States. Walt Whitman, the 19th Century poet, was its editor for two years, other notable editors of the Eagle included Thomas Kinsella, St. Clair McKelway, Cleveland Rogers, Frank D. Schroth, and Charles Montgomery Skinner. The paper, renamed The Brooklyn Daily Eagle and Kings County Democrat on June 1,1846, was renamed, on May 14,1849. On September 5,1938, the name was further shortened, a new version of the Brooklyn Eagle as a revival of the old newspapers traditions began publishing in 1996. The archive was purchased by Ancestry. com for their newspapers. com website, the Brooklyn Daily Eagle was first published on October 26,1841. Its address at this time, and for years afterwards, was at 28 Old Fulton Street. From 1846 to 1848, the editor was the poet Walt Whitman. In August 1938, Frank D. Schroth bought the newspaper from M. Preston Goodfellow, the newspaper received the 1951 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service for its crime reporting during the year. Investigative journalist Ed Reid in an eight-part series exposed the activities of bookmaker Harry Gross and this exposé led to an investigation by the Brooklyn District Attorney, and resulted in the eventual resignation of Mayor of New York City William ODwyer. On June 22,1953, a boy, collecting for the Brooklyn Eagle. When he dropped it on the ground, it popped open, the microfilm contained a series of numbers. He told the New York City Police Department, who in two days told a Federal Bureau of Investigation agent about the strange nickel. Thomas N. C. which covered the activities and actions of the United States Congress in the Quarterly, and national capital political events in the Journal which endure into the 21st Century. In 1960, former book publisher Robert W. Farrell acquired the Eagles assets in bankruptcy court. In 1962–1963, under the corporate name Newspaper Consolidated Corporation, Farrell, during the 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike, the paper saw circulation grow from 50,000 to 390,000 until the strike ended. The final edition appeared on June 25,1963, a smaller newspaper also focused on the borough, The Brooklyn Daily Bulletin began publishing when the original Eagle folded in 1955. In 1996, it merged with a newly revived Brooklyn Daily Eagle, as of 2014, it is one of three English-language daily newspapers published in the borough of Brooklyn. As an homage to the original Eagle it publishes a daily feature called On This Day in History and it is published by J. Dozier Hasty under the auspices of Everything Brooklyn Media
17.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
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The St. Louis Post-Dispatch is the major regional newspaper in St. Louis, in the U. S. state of Missouri, serving Greater St. Louis. It is the only remaining printed newspaper in the city. It is the fifth-largest newspaper in the midwestern United States, and is the 26th-largest newspaper in the U. S, according to its masthead, the publication has received eighteen Pulitzer Prizes. The paper is owned by Lee Enterprises of Davenport, Iowa, Circulation dropped for the daily paper from 213,472 to 191,631 to 178,801 for the two years after 2010, ending on September 30,2011, and September 30,2012. The Sunday paper also decreased from 401,427 to 332,825 to 299,227 and he appointed John A. Cockerill as the managing editor. Its first edition,4,020 copies of four pages each, in 1882, James Overton Broadhead ran for US Congress against John Glover. Broadheads friend and law partner, Alonzo W. Slayback, publicly defended Broadhead, the next day,13 Oct 1882, Cockerill re-ran an offensive card by John Glover that the paper had published the prior November. Incensed, Slayback barged into Cockerills offices at the paper demanding an apology, Cockerill shot and killed Slayback, he claimed self-defense, and a pistol was allegedly found on Slaybacks body. A grand jury refused to indict Cockerill for murder, but the consequences for the paper were severe. Therefore, in May 1883, Pulitzer sent Cockerill to New York to manage the New York World for him, the Post-Dispatch was one of the first daily newspapers to print a comics section in color, on the back page of the features section, styled the Everyday Magazine. At one time, the St. Louis Post-Dispatch had the second-largest news bureau in Washington, after his retirement, generations of Pulitzers guided the newspaper, ending when great-grandson Joseph Pulitzer IV left the company in 1995. The Post-Dispatch was characterized by an editorial page and columnists. The editorial page was noted also for political cartoons by Daniel R. Fitzpatrick, several months prior to the anniversary edition, the newspaper published a 63rd anniversary tribute to Our Own Oddities, a lighthearted feature that ran from 1940 to 1990. During the presidency of Harry S. Truman, the paper was one of his most outspoken critics and it associated him with the Pendergast machine in Kansas City, and constantly attacked his integrity. A Pulitzer Prize-winning campaign to clean up smoke pollution in St. Louis, in the late 1930s and early 1940s, the city had the filthiest air in America. The sports coverage, including nine St. Louis baseball Cardinals championships, an NBA title by the St. Louis Hawks in 1958, coverage of the citys cultural icons including Kate Chopin, Tennessee Williams, Chuck Berry, and Miles Davis. He said no family members would serve on the board of the merged company, the Post-Dispatch underwent a major redesign in September 2005, which brought a new layout, new fonts, and localized editions for St. Charles County and Illinois. Many readers have criticized the new format for devoting a larger percentage of space to advertisements
18.
Newsday
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As of 2009, its weekday circulation of 377,500 was the 11th-highest in the United States, and the highest among suburban newspapers. In 2012, Newsday expanded to include Rockland and Westchester county news on its website, as of January 2014, Newsdays total average circulation was 437,000 on weekdays,434,000 on Saturdays and 495,000 on Sundays. The newspapers headquarters is in Melville, New York, in Suffolk County, the new publication was first produced on September 3,1940 from Hempstead. For many years until a redesign in the 1970s, Newsday copied the Daily News format of short stories. After Pattersons death in 1963, Guggenheim became publisher and editor, in 1967, Guggenheim turned over the publisher position to Bill Moyers and continued as president and editor-in-chief. But Guggenheim was disappointed by the drift of the newspaper under Moyers. The two split over the 1968 presidential election, with Guggenheim signing an editorial supporting Richard Nixon, Guggenheim, who died a year later, disinherited Moyers from his will. After the competing Long Island Press ceased publication in 1977, Newsday launched a separate Queens edition, in June 2000, Times Mirror merged with the Tribune Company, partnering Newsday with the New York City television station WPIX, also owned by Tribune. Chicago, Illinois, real estate magnate Samuel Zell purchased Tribune in 2007, News Corporation, headed by CEO Rupert Murdoch, attempted to purchase Newsday for US$580 million in April 2008. This was soon followed by a bid from Zuckerman and a $680 million bid from Cablevision. In May 2008, News Corporation withdrew its bid, and on May 12,2008, the sale was completed July 29,2008. Altice, a Netherlands multinational telecoms company, bought Cablevision, including Newsday, on July 7,2016, Newsday announced that Patrick Dolan and father Charles Dolan would purchase a 75 percent stake in Newsday and associated companies. They are now the majority owners of the paper, despite having a tabloid format, Newsday is not known for being sensationalistic, as are other local daily tabloids, such as the New York Daily News and the New York Post. In 2004, the weekly newspaper Long Island Press wrote that Newsday has used its clout to influence local politics in Nassau. Bill Moyers briefly served as publisher, during the tenure of publisher Robert M. Johnson in the 1980s, Newsday made a major push into New York City. The paper featured both advice columnists Ann Landers and Dear Abby for several years, from 1985 to 2005, Michael Mandelbaum wrote a regular foreign affairs analysis column for Newsday. Noted writer and biographer Robert Caro was an investigative reporter and its features section has included, among others, television reporters Verne Gay and Diane Werts, TV/film feature writer Frank Lovece, and film critic Rafer Guzman. Newsday carries the syndicated columnist Froma Harrop, Pulitzer Prize winner Walt Handelsmans editorial political cartoons animation are a nationally syndicated feature of Newsday
19.
Ledger-Enquirer
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The Ledger-Enquirer is a newspaper headquartered in downtown Columbus, Georgia, in the United States. It was founded in 1828 as the Columbus Enquirer by Mirabeau B, lamar who later played a pivotal role in the founding of the Republic of Texas and served as its third President. The newspaper is a recipient of the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. In 1874, the Columbus Enquirer, until then a weekly publication, merged with Columbuss first daily newspaper, the paper was published under this name for many years before eventually dropping the hyphen and reverting to the name Columbus Enquirer. The paper was purchased by R. W. Page in 1930, knight Newspapers acquired the company in 1973, and in 1988 the papers merged the daily edition as well, adopting the name Columbus Ledger-Enquirer. Knight Ridder was acquired by The McClatchy Company in 2006, the newspaper exhibited an early awareness of the evils of lax law enforcement before the situation in Phenix City erupted into murder. It covered the whole unfolding story of the prosecution of the wrong-doers with skill, perception, force
20.
Chicago Daily News
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The Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, byron Andrews, fresh out of Hobart College, was one of the first reporters. Victor F. Lawson bought the Chicago Daily News in 1876, Stone remained involved as an editor and later bought back an ownership stake, but Lawson took over full ownership again in 1888. Lawson introduced many innovations to the business including advancements in newspaper promotion, classified advertising, and syndication of news stories, serials, the Chicago Daily News became known for its distinctive, aggressive writing style which 1920s editor Henry Justin Smith likened to a daily novel. In its heyday from the 1930s to 1950s it was syndicated and boasted a first-class foreign news service. In 1922, the rival Chicago Tribune began to experiment with radio news at Westinghouse-owned KYW-AM, the Daily News entered into a partnership with The Fair Department Store to launch WGU-AM, which would later be renamed WMAQ-AM. The newspaper would take full ownership of the station and absorb shared band rival WQJ-AM, which was jointly owned by the Calumet Baking Powder Company. WMAQ would pioneer many firsts in radio—one of them the first complete Chicago Cubs season broadcast on radio in 1925, in 1930, the station obtained a license for an experimental television station, W9XAP, but had already begun transmitting from it just prior to its being granted. Working with Sears Roebuck stores by providing them with the receivers, ulises Armand Sanabria was the television pioneer behind this and other early Chicago television experiments. The Chicago Tribune, not to be out of radio, purchased WDAP. In 1931 The Daily News sold WMAQ to NBC, in 1929, it moved into a new 26-floor headquarters building at 400 West Madison Street. Designed by architects Holabird & Root, the Art Deco structure became a Chicago landmark and it featured a mural by John W. Norton depicting the newspaper production process. Field already owned the morning Chicago Sun-Times, and the Daily News moved into the Sun-Times building on North Wabash Avenue, a few years later Mike Royko became the papers lead columnist, and quickly rose to local and national prominence. In 1977 the Daily News was redesigned and added features intended to increase its appeal to younger readers, the Chicago Daily News published its last edition on Saturday, March 4,1978. There was a subsequent attempt to make it as an afternoon daily, the paper went back into publication with a weekend edition dated August 4–5,1979. The publisher of the revival was former Illinois governor Richard B and this final attempt to gain popularity was not successful and the paper finally went back out of publication a few months later. The headquarters of the Daily News and sister newspaper the Sun-Times was located at 401 North Wabash before the building was demolished and it is now the site of Trump International Hotel and Tower. The Chicago Daily News was awarded the Pulitzer Prize thirteen times, the Founding of the Chicago Daily News
21.
Observer-Dispatch
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The Observer-Dispatch is the largest newspaper serving the Utica-Rome metropolitan area in Central New York, circulating in Oneida County, Herkimer County, and parts of Madison County. Based in Utica, New York, the publication is owned by GateHouse Media, eliasaph Dorchester founded the weekly Utica Observer in 1817. The Observer became a newspaper in 1848 and, after several mergers with other newspapers. That was also the year the paper was purchased by Frank E. Gannett, Gannett owned the newspaper until 2007, when it was purchased by GateHouse Media. The two newspapers merged into a single, seven-day morning publication, the Observer-Dispatch, in 1987, the company added digital delivery of news and information in January 2000 with the launch of uticaOD. com. It began online publication in 2006. In 2004, the Observer-Dispatch purchased the Mid York Weekly newspaper, serving Hamilton, New York, and seven weekly Pennysaver publications, in Herkimer County, the Observer-Dispatch competes with its sister newspapers, The Telegram of Herkimer, and The Times of Little Falls
22.
Los Angeles Times
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The Los Angeles Times, commonly referred to as the Times or LA Times, is a paid daily newspaper published in Los Angeles, California, since 1881. It was the largest metropolitan newspaper in circulation in the United States in 2008, the Times is owned by tronc. The Times was first published on December 4,1881, as the Los Angeles Daily Times under the direction of Nathan Cole Jr. and it was first printed at the Mirror printing plant, owned by Jesse Yarnell and T. J. Unable to pay the bill, Cole and Gardiner turned the paper over to the Mirror Company. Mathes had joined the firm, and it was at his insistence that the Times continued publication, in July 1882, Harrison Gray Otis moved from Santa Barbara to become the papers editor. Otis made the Times a financial success, in an era where newspapers were driven by party politics, the Times was directed at Republican readers. As was typical of newspapers of the time, the Times would sit on stories for several days, historian Kevin Starr wrote that Otis was a businessman capable of manipulating the entire apparatus of politics and public opinion for his own enrichment. Otiss editorial policy was based on civic boosterism, extolling the virtues of Los Angeles, the efforts of the Times to fight local unions led to the October 1,1910 bombing of its headquarters, killing twenty-one people. Two union leaders, James and Joseph McNamara, were charged, the American Federation of Labor hired noted trial attorney Clarence Darrow to represent the brothers, who eventually pleaded guilty. Upon Otiss death in 1917, his son-in-law, Harry Chandler, Harry Chandler was succeeded in 1944 by his son, Norman Chandler, who ran the paper during the rapid growth of post-war Los Angeles. Family members are buried at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery near Paramount Studios, the site also includes a memorial to the Times Building bombing victims. The fourth generation of family publishers, Otis Chandler, held that position from 1960 to 1980, Otis Chandler sought legitimacy and recognition for his familys paper, often forgotten in the power centers of the Northeastern United States due to its geographic and cultural distance. He sought to remake the paper in the model of the nations most respected newspapers, notably The New York Times, believing that the newsroom was the heartbeat of the business, Otis Chandler increased the size and pay of the reporting staff and expanded its national and international reporting. In 1962, the paper joined with the Washington Post to form the Los Angeles Times-Washington Post News Service to syndicate articles from both papers for news organizations. During the 1960s, the paper won four Pulitzer Prizes, more than its previous nine decades combined, eventually the coupon-clipping branches realized that they could make more money investing in something other than newspapers. Under their pressure the companies went public, or split apart, thats the pattern followed over more than a century by the Los Angeles Times under the Chandler family. The papers early history and subsequent transformation was chronicled in an unauthorized history Thinking Big and it has also been the whole or partial subject of nearly thirty dissertations in communications or social science in the past four decades. In 2000, the Tribune Company acquired the Times, placing the paper in co-ownership with then-WB -affiliated KTLA, which Tribune acquired in 1985
23.
Tampa Bay Times
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The Tampa Bay Times, previously named the St. Petersburg Times through 2011, is an American newspaper published in St. Petersburg, Florida. It has won twelve Pulitzer Prizes since 1964, and in 2009, many issues are available through Google News Archive. A daily electronic version is available for the Amazon Kindle. The newspaper traces its origins to the West Hillsborough Times, a newspaper established in Dunedin. At the time, neither St. Petersburg nor Pinellas County existed, the paper was published weekly in the back of a pharmacy and had a circulation of 480. It subsequently changed ownership six times in seventeen years, in December 1884 it was bought by A. C. Turner, who moved it to Clear Water Harbor. In 1892 it moved to St. Petersburg, and by 1898 it was renamed the St. Petersburg Times. The Times became bi-weekly in 1907, and began six days a week in 1912. Paul Poynter, an originally from Indiana, bought the paper in September 1912 and converted to a seven-day paper. Pauls son, Nelson Poynter, became editor in 1939 and took majority control of the paper in 1947, Nelson Poynter controlled the paper until his death in 1978, when he willed the majority of the stock to the non-profit Poynter Institute. In November 1986, the Evening Independent was merged into the Times, Poynter was succeeded by Eugene Patterson, Andrew Barnes, Paul Tash and Neil Brown. On January 1,2012, the St, as the newly rechristened Tampa Bay Times, the papers weekday tabloid tbt*, a free daily publication and which used as its subtitle, became just tbt when the name change took place. The St. Pete Times name lives on as the name for the Times neighborhood news sections in southern Pinellas County, serving communities from Largo southward. The Times has also been an opponent to the Church of Scientology, since the churchs acquisition of the Fort Harrison Hotel in 1975. The Times has published reports and series critical of the church and its current leader. The newspaper operates PolitiFact. com, a project in which its reporters and editors fact-check statements by members of Congress, the site also includes an Obameter, tracking U. S. President Barack Obamas performance with regard to his campaign promises. List of newspapers in Florida Media in the Tampa Bay Area James F. Tracy, strikebusting in St. Petersburg, Nelson Poynters Postwar Assault on Union Printers. What will happen to the Tampa Bay Times, official website Todays Tampa Bay Times front page at the Newseum website PolitiFact. com website
24.
The Boston Globe
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The Boston Globe is an American daily newspaper based in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded in 1872 by Charles H. Taylor, it was held until 1973. The company was acquired in 1993 by The New York Times Company, in 2011, a BostonGlobe. com subscription site was launched. In 2013, the newspaper and websites were purchased by John W. Henry, the Boston Globe has been awarded 26 Pulitzer Prizes since 1966, and its chief print rival is the Boston Herald. The Boston Globe was founded in 1872 by six Boston businessmen, including Charles H. Taylor and Eben Jordan, the first issue was published on March 4,1872, and cost four cents. Originally a morning daily, it began a Sunday edition in 1877, in 1878, The Boston Globe started an afternoon edition called The Boston Evening Globe, which ceased publication in 1979. By the 1890s, The Boston Globe had become a stronghold, in 1964, Tom Winship succeeded his father, Larry Winship, as editor. The younger Winship transformed The Globe from a local paper into a regional paper of national distinction. He served as editor until 1984, during which time the paper won a dozen Pulitzer Prizes, the Boston Globe was a private company until 1973 when it went public under the name Affiliated Publications. It continued to be managed by the descendants of Charles H. Taylor, in 1993, The New York Times Company purchased Affiliated Publications for US$1.1 billion, making The Boston Globe a wholly owned subsidiary of The New York Times parent. The Jordan and Taylor families received substantial New York Times Company stock, Boston. com, the online edition of The Boston Globe, was launched on the World Wide Web in 1995. Consistently ranked among the top ten websites in America, it has won numerous national awards. Under the helm of editor Martin Baron and then Brian McGrory, the Boston Globe is credited with allowing Peter Gammons to start his Notes section on baseball, which has become a mainstay in all major newspapers nationwide. In 2004, Gammons was selected as the 56th recipient of the J. G. Taylor Spink Award for outstanding baseball writing, given by the BBWAA, and was honored at the Baseball Hall of Fame on July 31,2005. In 2007, Charlie Savage, whose reports on President Bushs use of signing statements made national news, the Boston Globe has consistently been ranked in the forefront of American journalism. The Boston Globe hosts 28 blogs covering a variety of topics including Boston sports, local politics, on April 2,2009, The New York Times Company threatened to close the paper if its unions did not agree to $20,000,000 of cost savings. Some of the cost savings include reducing union employees pay by 5%, ending pension contributions, the Boston Globe eliminated the equivalent of fifty full-time jobs, among buy-outs and layoffs, it swept out most of the part-time employees in the editorial sections. The papers other three major unions had agreed to concessions on May 3,2009, after The New York Times Company threatened to give the government 60-days notice that it intended to close the paper
25.
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
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The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel is a daily morning broadsheet printed in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It is the newspaper in Milwaukee, the largest newspaper in Wisconsin and is distributed widely throughout the state. It is owned by the Gannett Company, the new Journal Sentinel then became a seven-day morning paper. In early 2003, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel began printing operations at its new printing facility in West Milwaukee, the merged papers volume and edition numbers follow those of the Journal. The founder of Milwaukee, Solomon Juneau, provided the funds for editor John ORourke. It was first published as a weekly on June 27,1837. A deathly ill ORourke struggled to help the paper to find its feet before he died six months later of tuberculosis at the age of 24, on Juneaus request, ORourkes associate, Harrison Reed, remained to take over the Sentinels operations. He continued the struggle to keep the paper ahead of its debts, meanwhile, the establishment of the Whig party in the territory thrust the Sentinel into the hurly-burly of partisan politics. In 1840 Reed was assaulted by individuals whom the Sentinel charged were hirelings of Democratic Governor Henry Dodge, later that year the paper abandoned its independence and proclaimed itself a Whig paper with its endorsement of William Henry Harrison for president in 1840. In financial straits, Reed lost control of the paper in 1841 when Democrats foreclosed on the Sentinels mortgaged debt, only after the Democrats successful election of Dodge for Congress was Reed able to regain control of the paper. The next year he sold the Sentinel to Elisha Starr, an editor who had founded a new Whig paper in response to the Sentinels Democratic lapse, Reed later became a carpetbag governor of Florida during Reconstruction. Starr guarded the Sentinels position as the sole Whig organ in Milwaukee, heavily in debt, he secured the partnership of David M. Keeler, who paid off the papers creditors. Keeler took on partner John S. Fillmore and succeeded in ousting Starr, Keeler and Fillmore trumped his efforts by turning their Sentinel into a daily on December 9,1844, while still publishing a weekly edition. The paper finally began to prosper and establish itself as a political force in the nascent state of Wisconsin. Weed recommended his associate editor and protégé, Rufus King, King was a native of New York City, a graduate of West Point, a brevet lieutenant, the son of the president of Columbia College and the grandson of U. S. In June 1845 King came to Milwaukee and became the Sentinels editor three months later, King was lionized by the community. It was his suggestion that made the Sentinel the first paper in the Midwest to employ newsboys to boost street sales, due largely to Kings connections to the East, the quality of the Sentinel greatly improved. He declared the Sentinel an antislavery paper and also supported temperance legislation, King invested his own money in the paper, purchasing the first power press in the Midwest
26.
The Press-Enterprise
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The Press-Enterprise is a paid daily newspaper published by Digital First Media that serves the Inland Empire in Southern California. Headquartered in downtown Riverside, California, it is the newspaper for Riverside County. The Press-Enterprise is a member of the Southern California News Group, the newspaper traces its roots to The Press, which began publishing in 1878, and The Daily Enterprise, which started publishing in 1885. The two papers were merged into one company in 1931, but the company did not begin publishing a morning paper named The Press-Enterprise until 1983. A. H. Belo acquired the company in 1998, Freedom declared bankruptcy in 2016, the Register and the Press-Enterprise were sold in a bankruptcy auction to Digital First Media in March 2016. The Riverside Press was first published on June 29,1878 by James Roe, in 1880 Roe sold the newspaper to Luther M. Holt, who, for several years, published the paper under the name the Riverside Press and Horticulturist. In 1886 Holt began issuing the paper daily, the Riverside Daily Enterprise was first published in 1885 by David F. Sarber, and became a county paper in 1896 when it absorbed the Perris Valley Record and the Moreno Valley Indicator. In 1912, The Enterprise was sold to the owners of the San Bernardino Sun, in 1931 The Press purchased The Enterprise from the San Bernardino Sun. The newly combined company issued The Enterprise in the morning, in 1954 the Riverside Press changed its company name to the Press-Enterprise Company, and in 1955 the two papers began printing a joint Sunday edition called the Sunday Press-Enterprise. Due to market conditions, the two papers were combined into one morning paper, The Press-Enterprise, in 1983, the Dallas-based A. H. Belo Corporation purchased The Press-Enterprise Company from the Hays family through multiple acquisitions in 1997 and 1998. Enterprise Media was formed in 2010 and released a B2B website, in 2013, The Press-Enterprise was sold to Freedom Communications for $27 million. With Digital First Media as its new owner, it now expands to 11 daily newspapers, six in Los Angeles County, the series was written by George Ringwald. The Press-Enterprise Company won two separate United States Supreme Court cases that established the right to witness specific aspects of criminal court proceedings. The first case, won in 1984, was Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court of California. In a case involving the rape and murder of a girl, the Press-Enterprise requested that the voir dire. The request was denied, as well as the request for the subsequent transcripts, the California Supreme Court denied the Press-Enterprises request for a hearing. The United States Supreme Court decided in favor of the Press-Enterprise, the second case, won in 1986, was Press-Enterprise Co. v. Superior Court of Riverside County, California. The case involved Robert Diaz who was accused of 12 patient murders while acting as a nurse at the Community Hospital of the Valleys in Perris, the defendant requested that the public be excluded from the proceedings
27.
Winston-Salem Journal
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The Winston-Salem Journal is an American daily newspaper primarily serving the city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and its county, Forsyth County, North Carolina. It also features coverage of Northwestern North Carolina and circulates as far west as Tennessee, the paper is owned by Berkshire Hathaway. The Journal was founded in 1897, the Journal is primarily distributed through Forsyth County and the county seat of Winston-Salem. However, the paper also is distributed in Alleghany County, Ashe County, Davidson County, Davie County, Stokes County, Surry County, Wilkes County, Watauga County, the newspaper has an online presence called JournalNow. The Journals television partner is WGHP of High Point, North Carolina, the newspaper also produces a weekly entertainment and social tabloid called Relish. The Journal also publishes a monthly city magazine called Winston-Salem Monthly, the publication also produces a semi-annual weddings publication named Carolina Weddings Magazine. In 2004, the paper refused to endorse a presidential candidate, the paper endorsed Democratic President Barack Obama for 2012 presidential election even though it endorsed Obamas opponent Republican Senator John McCain in 2008. Its editorial-page had not endorsed a Democratic Party presidential candidate since Lyndon Johnson in 1964, the Winston-Salem Journal, started by Charles Landon Knight, began publishing in the afternoons on April 3,1897. The areas other newspaper, the Twin City Sentinel, also was an afternoon paper, Knight moved out of the area and the Journal had several owners before publisher D. A. Fawcett made it a morning paper starting January 2,1902. Later that summer, the Journal began publishing on Sundays, after which Fawcetts church removed him from its membership, the elder Leslie, an artist and the son of an engraver, made the Journal the states first newspaper to have photographs. Owen Moon bought the Journal in 1925 and the Sentinel, owned by Frank A, gannett of the New York newspaper chain, in 1927. The Sentinel began as the Twin City Daily on May 4,1885, the Twin City Daily, in turn, took over the Sentinel. The Journal And Sentinel moved into a new building on North Marshall Street in 1927, editor Santford Martin advocated improvements in the roads, especially in the forgotten provinces of Northwest North Carolina. WSJS, an AM radio station, and later WSJS-FM and WSJS-TV, attorney Gordon Gray bought the newspapers on April 30,1937. His commitment to serving communities throughout the coverage area continued even after Media General Inc. purchased the newspapers in 1969. In March 1985, at a time when many afternoon newspapers could not compete and this meant a stronger morning newspaper, and an increase in circulation from 73,000 to over 94,000, with Sunday circulation of 106,000. In September 1994, the Journal moved some of its operations into a new 140,000 square feet building on East 5th Street, other publications from the Journal serve older adults, people with pets, families with children in Forsyth County schools, prospective brides and young parents. In August 2007, the Journal reported it was changing its business section
28.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
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The Washington Post
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The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper. It is the most widely circulated newspaper published in Washington, D. C. and was founded on December 6,1877 and its current slogan is Democracy Dies in Darkness. Located in the city of the United States, the newspaper has a particular emphasis on national politics. Daily editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, the newspaper is published as a broadsheet, with photographs printed both in color and in black and white. The newspaper has won 47 Pulitzer Prizes and this includes six separate Pulitzers awarded in 2008, the second-highest number ever awarded to a single newspaper in one year, second only to The New York Times seven awards in 2002. Post journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards, in years since, its investigations have led to increased review of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. In 2013, its owners, the Graham family, sold the newspaper to billionaire entrepreneur. The newspaper is owned by Nash Holdings LLC, a holding company Bezos created for the acquisition, the Washington Post is generally regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers, along with The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. The Post has distinguished itself through its reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress. It is one of the two daily broadsheets published in Washington D. C. the other being its smaller rival The Washington Times, unlike The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its National Weekly Edition, the majority of its newsprint readership is in District of Columbia and its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia. The Sunday Style section differs slightly from the weekday Style section, it is in a tabloid format, and it houses the reader-written humor contest The Style Invitational. Additional weekly sections appear on weekdays, Health & Science on Tuesday, Food on Wednesday, Local Living on Thursday, the latter two are in a tabloid format. In November 2009, it announced the closure of its U. S. regional bureaus—Chicago, Los Angeles and New York—as part of a focus on. political stories. The newspaper has bureaus in Maryland and Virginia. While its circulation has been slipping, it has one of the highest market-penetration rates of any metropolitan news daily, for many decades, the Post had its main office at 1150 15th Street NW. This real estate remained with Graham Holdings when the newspaper was sold to Jeff Bezos Nash Holdings in 2013, Graham Holdings sold 1150 15th Street for US$159 million in November 2013. The Washington Post continued to lease space at 1150 L Street NW, in May 2014, The Washington Post leased the west tower of One Franklin Square, a high-rise building at 1301 K Street NW in Washington, D. C
