1.
Arlington Heights, Illinois
–
Arlington Heights is a town in Cook County in the U. S. state of Illinois. A suburb of Chicago, it lies about 25 miles northwest of the citys downtown, the population was 75,101 at the 2010 census. Arlington Heights is known for Arlington Park Race Track, home of the Arlington Million, the village is also home to the Arlington Heights Memorial Library, which has one of the largest collections in the state. Arlington Heights lies mostly in the part of Wheeling Township, with territory in adjacent Elk Grove and Palatine townships. The General Land Office began selling land here in 1835, in 1853, William Dunton, originally from Oswego, New York, persuaded the Illinois & Wisconsin Railroad to make a stop here, and laid out a town called Dunton. Dunton Avenue, named after William Dunton, is the base line that splits addresses east and west. By 1850, the area had changed its ethnic composition. By the late 1850s the area had become noted for its truck farms, the little town at the depot slowly grew, acquiring a blacksmith, a cheese factory, a hardware store, and a hotel. It incorporated as Arlington Heights in 1887, when its population numbered about 1,000, most were farmers, but they were joined by others who worked in Chicago, since Arlington Heights was an early commuter suburb. The town developed religious institutions that reflected the origins of its citizens, the first churches were Presbyterian and Methodist, with St. Peter Lutheran Church, a German Lutheran church, following in 1860. Today, the village has many Roman Catholics, boasting three very large churches, St. James, St. By the start of the 20th century Arlington Heights had about 1,400 inhabitants, by then Arlington Heights was also known for Arlington Park, a racetrack founded in 1927 by the California millionaire Harry D. Curly Brown upon land formerly consisting of 12 farms, camp McDonald and two country clubs were founded in the 1930s. On July 31,1985, a burned down the grandstand. The current six-story grandstand was completed and opened for use June 28,1989, by then virtually all the available land had been taken up, and the formerly isolated depot stop found itself part of a continuous built-up area stretching from Lake Michigan to the Fox River. Arlington Heights is located at 42°05′42″N 87°58′51″W, according to the 2010 census, Arlington Heights has a total area of 16.639 square miles, of which 16.61 square miles is land and 0.029 square miles is water. Some of the most popular restaurants include Javiers Sabor Mexicano, Peggy Kinanes, Mago Grill, Bistro Chen, although land and space is now limited in Arlington Heights, business and community development along with community design are key concerns. The Village of Arlington Heights is also instrumental in business, residential, the community is served by many fine hotels
2.
Race track
–
A race track is a facility built for racing of vehicles, athletes, or animals. A race track also may feature grandstands or concourses, racetracks are also used in the study of animal locomotion. Some motorsport tracks are called speedways, a racetrack is a permanent facility or building. Racecourse is a term for a horse racing track, found in countries such as the United Kingdom, India, Australia, Hong Kong. Race tracks built for bicycles are known as velodromes, circuit is a common alternate term for racetrack, given the circuit configuration of most race tracks, allowing races to occur over several laps. A race course, as opposed to a racecourse, is a term for non-permanent tracks for sports, particularly running, water sports, road racing. Many sports usually held on racetracks also can occur on temporary tracks, there is some evidence of racetracks being developed in several ancient civilizations. The most developed ancient racetracks were the hippodromes of the Ancient Greeks, both of these structures were designed for horse and chariot racing. The stadium of the Circus Maximus in Ancient Rome could hold 200,000 spectators, racing facilities existed during the Middle Ages, and there are records of a public racecourse being opened at Newmarket in London in 1174. In 1780 the Earl of Derby created a course on his estate at Epsom. Racecourses in the British Isles are based on grass, known as turf tracks, in the United States, the race tracks are dirt. With the advent of the automobile in the late twentieth century. The earliest tracks were modified horse racing courses, racing automobiles in such facilities began in September 1896, at Narragansett Park in Cranston, Rhode Island. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway was opened in August 1909, beginning in the early 1900s, motorcycle races were run on high, banked, wooden race tracks called board tracks. During the 1920s, many of the races on the AAA Championship circuit were run on board tracks. Modern racetracks are designed with safety being paramount, following incidents of spectator. These often involve run off areas, barriers, and high fencing, several racetracks are incorporated into larger venues or complexes, incorporating golf courses, museums, hotels, and conference centres. Some racetracks are small enough to be contained indoors, for such as motocross, cycling
3.
Chicago
–
Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
4.
Horse racing
–
Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys or driven over a set distance for competition. Horse races vary widely in format, often, countries have developed their own particular horse racing traditions. Variations include restricting races to particular breeds, running over obstacles, running over different distances, running on different track surfaces, Horse racing has a long and distinguished history and has been practised in civilisations across the world since ancient times. Archaeological records indicate that horse racing occurred in Ancient Greece, Babylon, Syria and it also plays an important part of myth and legend, such as the contest between the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir in Norse mythology. Chariot racing was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman, both chariot and mounted horse racing were events in the ancient Greek Olympics by 648 BC and were important in the other Panhellenic Games. This was despite the fact that racing was often dangerous to both driver and horse as they frequently suffered serious injury and even death. In the Roman Empire, chariot and mounted horse racing were major industries, fifteen to 20 riderless horses, originally imported from the Barbary Coast of North Africa, ran the length of the Via del Corso, a long, straight city street, in about 2½ minutes. In later times, Thoroughbred racing became, and remains, popular with the aristocrats and royalty of British society, historically, equestrians honed their skills through games and races. Equestrian sports provided entertainment for crowds and honed the excellent horsemanship that was needed in battle, Horse racing of all types evolved from impromptu competitions between riders or drivers. The various forms of competition, requiring demanding and specialized skills from both horse and rider, resulted in the development of specialized breeds and equipment for each sport. The popularity of sports through the centuries has resulted in the preservation of skills that would otherwise have disappeared after horses stopped being used in combat. There are many different types of racing, including, Flat racing. Jump racing, or Jumps racing, also known as Steeplechasing or, in the UK and Ireland, National Hunt racing, Harness racing, where horses trot or pace while pulling a driver in a sulky. Breeds that are used for flat racing include the Thoroughbred, Quarter Horse, Arabian, Paint, Jump racing breeds include the Thoroughbred and AQPS. In harness racing, Standardbreds are used in Australia, New Zealand and North America, light cold blood horses, such as Finnhorses and Scandinavian coldblood trotter are also used in harness racing within their respective geographical areas. There also are races for ponies, both flat and jump and harness racing, Flat racing is the most common form of racing seen worldwide. Track surfaces vary, with turf most common in Europe, dirt more common in North America and Asia, individual flat races are run over distances ranging from 440 yards up to two and a half miles, with distances between five and twelve furlongs being most common. Short races are referred to as sprints, while longer races are known as routes in the United States or staying races in Europe
5.
United States dollar
–
The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common
6.
Illinois Route 53
–
Illinois Route 53 is an arterial north–south state highway in northeast Illinois. IL53 runs from Interstate 55 west of historic U. S. Route 66 in Gardner to IL83 in Long Grove and it mainly cuts through the western suburbs of Chicago, passes through Bolingbrook, Romeoville, Crest Hill and Joliet, merging into I-55 at Gardner. IL53 is one of the few state highways routed along expressways in the state, before it becomes an expressway, IL53 starts out in Long Grove going southwest towards Palatine. The northeast Palatine stretch goes through the Rand and Dundee intersection and it forms the other half of the Interstate 290/IL53 combination in Schaumburg before being routed west onto Biesterfield Road and back south onto Rohlwing Road. Until its first junction with I-55 by Bolingbrook, it remains a mostly 2 to 4 lane road, largely replaced by the I-290, in the suburb of Lombard, IL53 is called Columbine Avenue. South of the first junction with I-55, IL53 follows the path of historic Route 66 in Illinois and parallels Interstate 55, entering downtown Joliet, IL53 also passes directly in front of Stateville Correctional Center in Crest Hill, Illinois. From Joliet it follows the original Route 66 alignment to the south, Route 53 narrows to two lanes just outside Wilmington and crosses the Kankakee River in downtown Wilmington. It then continues southwest through Braidwood and Braceville on its way to Gardner, SBI Route 53 ran from Romeoville to Long Grove on Rohlwing Road and Hicks Road from 1924 to 1963. From 1963 through 1970, it was routed onto a new freeway from Addison to Arlington Heights, in 1967 IL53 was extended to Gardner, and in 1995 IL129 was routed onto IL53 south of Braidwood. This lasted a year until IL129 was dropped entirely south of Braidwood, near the northern end, the freeway was extended from Dundee Road to Lake–Cook Road in 1989. In 1990, with the construction of I-355, IL53 was moved off the I-290/I-355 combination south of Biesterfield Road, the Illinois Department of Transportation proposed in 1999 to widen IL53 south of US20 and generally north of I-88 to a five-lane section. Opposition from a group called NIFTI began to lobby for a smaller expansion plan to three lanes. The road south of Lake Street runs through residential areas. The term context sensitive design and solutions was introduced to the state of Illinois through the efforts of this group, since the 1960s, Illinois 53 has been at the center of a major dispute regarding its northern extension into Lake County. The studied corridor currently runs from the current terminus of the freeway at Lake–Cook Road north to a bypass for IL120 near Grayslake. FAP342 road signs are posted on roads that would be crossed by the proposed extension, demarking the right-of-way. The combined IL 53/IL120 extension would form a large T-shape in the center of Lake County, additionally, a proposal was made to build a leg of the freeway from the end of the IL120 bypass to the Wisconsin state line in Richmond. This route, known as the Richmond–Waukegan Expressway, would connect the Illinois 53 extension to the partial US12 interchange in Genoa City, from there, Wisconsin was to continue the freeway northwest along the US12 corridor, linking up with I-39/90 just south of Madison
7.
California
–
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565
8.
Oriental Park Racetrack
–
Oriental Park Racetrack in Marianao, Havana, Cuba, was a thoroughbred horse-racing facility operated during the winter by the Havana-American Jockey Club of Cuba. Founded in 1915, Oriental Park was the race track in Cuba in the days before Fidel Castro came to power in 1959. Shoemaker won on the day at Agua Caliente Racetrack in Tijuana. Many American celebrities on vacation or who were performing at the nearby Tropicana Club visited fashionable Oriental Park Racetrack, in his book Little Man, Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life, author Robert Lacey wrote that in 1937, gangster Meyer Lansky gained control of the racetrack and casino. At Calder Race Course in Miami Gardens, Florida, is a wall in its Hall of Fame dedicated to the famous Cuban horsemen who raced at Oriental Park, Oriental Park also hosted automobile races in 1920. Photos and data about the Oriental Park during the 50s, mostly in Spanish March 4,1929 TIME magazine article on John McEntee Bowman Lacey, Robert Little Man, Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life Random House ISBN 978-0-517-10536-8
9.
Havana
–
Havana is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial centre of Cuba. The city extends mostly westward and southward from the bay, which is entered through a narrow inlet, the sluggish Almendares River traverses the city from south to north, entering the Straits of Florida a few miles west of the bay. King Philip II of Spain granted Havana the title of City in 1592, walls as well as forts were built to protect the old city. The sinking of the U. S. battleship Maine in Havanas harbor in 1898 was the cause of the Spanish–American War. Contemporary Havana can essentially be described as three cities in one, Old Havana, Vedado and the suburban districts. The city is the center of the Cuban government, and home to various ministries, headquarters of businesses, the current mayor is Marta Hernández of the Communist Party of Cuba. In 2009, the city/province had the third highest income in the country, the city attracts over a million tourists annually, the Official Census for Havana reports that in 2010 the city was visited by 1,176,627 international tourists, a 20% increase from 2005. Old Havana was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982, the city is also noted for its history, culture, architecture and monuments. As typical of Cuba, Havana also features a tropical climate, in May 2015, Havana was officially recognized as one of the New7Wonders Cities together with Vigan, Doha, La Paz, Durban, Beirut, and Kuala Lumpur. Most native settlements became the site of Spanish colonial cities retaining their original Taíno names, an alternate theory is that Habana is derived from the Middle Dutch word havene, referring to a harbour, etymologically related to the English word haven. All attempts to found a city on Cubas south coast failed, however, an early map of Cuba drawn in 1514 places the town at the mouth of this river. The town that became Havana finally originated adjacent to what was then called Puerto de Carenas, the quality of this natural bay, which now hosts Havanas harbor, warranted this change of location. Pánfilo de Narváez gave Havana – the sixth town founded by the Spanish on Cuba – its name, the name combines San Cristóbal, patron saint of Havana. Shortly after the founding of Cubas first cities, the served as little more than a base for the Conquista of other lands. Havana began as a port, and suffered regular attacks by buccaneers, pirates. The first attack and resultant burning of the city was by the French corsair Jacques de Sores in 1555, ships from all over the New World carried products first to Havana, in order to be taken by the fleet to Spain. The thousands of ships gathered in the bay also fueled Havanas agriculture and manufacture, since they had to be supplied with food, water. On December 20,1592, King Philip II of Spain granted Havana the title of City, later on, the city would be officially designated as Key to the New World and Rampart of the West Indies by the Spanish Crown
10.
Cuba
–
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and it is south of both the U. S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Haiti, and north of Jamaica. Havana is the largest city and capital, other cities include Santiago de Cuba. Cuba is the largest island in the Caribbean, with an area of 109,884 square kilometres, prior to Spanish colonization in the late 15th century, Cuba was inhabited by Amerindian tribes. It remained a colony of Spain until the Spanish–American War of 1898, as a fragile republic, Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system, but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in 1952. Further unrest and instability led to Batistas ousting in January 1959 by the July 26 Movement, since 1965, the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba. A point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States, a nuclear war broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Culturally, Cuba is considered part of Latin America, Cuba is a Marxist–Leninist one-party republic, where the role of the vanguard Communist Party is enshrined in the Constitution. Independent observers have accused the Cuban government of human rights abuses. It is one of the worlds last planned economies and its economy is dominated by the exports of sugar, tobacco, coffee, according to the Human Development Index, Cuba is described as a country with high human development and is ranked the eighth highest in North America. It also ranks highly in some metrics of national performance, including health care, the name Cuba comes from the Taíno language. The exact meaning of the name is unclear but it may be translated either as where fertile land is abundant, authors who believe that Christopher Columbus was Portuguese state that Cuba was named by Columbus for the town of Cuba in the district of Beja in Portugal. Before the arrival of the Spanish, Cuba was inhabited by three distinct tribes of indigenous peoples of the Americas, the Taíno, the Guanajatabey, and the Ciboney people. The ancestors of the Ciboney migrated from the mainland of South America, the Taíno arrived from Hispanola sometime in the 3rd century A. D. When Columbus arrived they were the dominant culture in Cuba, having a population of 150,000. The name Cuba comes from the native Taíno language and it is derived from either coabana meaning great place, or from cubao meaning where fertile land is abundant. The Taíno were farmers, while the Ciboney were farmers as well as fishers and hunter-gatherers, Columbus claimed the island for the new Kingdom of Spain and named it Isla Juana after Juan, Prince of Asturias. In 1511, the first Spanish settlement was founded by Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar at Baracoa, other towns soon followed, including San Cristobal de la Habana, founded in 1515, which later became the capital
11.
Jockey
–
A jockey is someone who rides horses in horse racing or steeplechase racing, primarily as a profession. The word also applies to camel riders in camel racing, the word is by origin a diminutive of jock, the Northern English or Scots colloquial equivalent of the first name John, which is also used generically for boy, or fellow, at least since 1529. A familiar instance of the use of the word as a name is in Jockey of Norfolk in Shakespeares Richard III. v.3,304, the current usage which means a person who rides a horse in races was first seen in 1670. Another possible origin is the Gaelic word eachaidhe, a horseman, the Irish name Eochaid is related to each, horse, and is usually translated as horse rider. This is phonetically similar to jockey Jockeys must be light to ride at the weights which are assigned to their mounts. There are horse carrying weight limits, that are set by racing authorities, the Kentucky Derby, for example, has a weight limit of 126 lb including the jockeys equipment. The weight of a jockey usually ranges from 108 to 118 lb, despite their light weight, they must be able to control a horse that is moving at 40 mph and weighs 1,200 lb. Though there is no limit for jockeys, they are usually fairly short due to the weight limits. Jockeys typically stand around 4 ft 10 in to 5 ft 6 in, Jockeys are normally self employed, nominated by horse trainers to ride their horses in races, for a fee and a percentage of the purse winnings. In Australia, employment of apprentice jockeys is in terms of indenture to a master, Jockeys often cease their riding careers to take up other employment in racing, usually as trainers. In this way the system serves to induct young people into racing employment. Jockeys usually start out when they are young, riding work in the morning for trainers and it is normally necessary for an apprentice jockey to ride a minimum of about 20 barrier trials successfully before being permitted to ride in races. An apprentice jockey is known as a bug boy because the asterisk that follows the name in the program looks like a bug, all jockeys must be licensed and usually are not permitted to bet on a race. An apprentice jockey has a master, who is a horse trainer and this allowance is adjusted according to the number of winners that the apprentice has ridden. After a four-year indentured apprenticeship, the apprentice becomes a jockey and usually develops relationships with trainers. Sometimes senior jockeys are paid a retainer by an owner gives the owner the right to insist the jockey ride their horses in races. Racing modeled on the English Jockey Club spread throughout the world with colonial expansion, the colors worn by jockeys in races are the registered colors of the owner or trainer who employs them. The practice of riders wearing colors probably stems from medieval times when jousts were held between knights, however, the origins of racing colors of various patterns may have been influenced by racing held in Italian city communities since medieval times
12.
National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame
–
The National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame was founded in 1950 in Saratoga Springs, New York, to honor the achievements of American Thoroughbred race horses, jockeys, and trainers. In 1955, the moved to its current location on Union Avenue near Saratoga race course. Each spring, following the tabulation of the votes, the announcement of new inductees is made. The actual inductions are held in mid-August during the Saratoga race meeting, the Hall of Fames nominating committee selects eight to ten candidates from among the four Contemporary categories to be presented to the voters. For example, in 2016, two horses were inducted at the same time. The museum also houses a collection of art, artifacts. Under current rules, a horse must have retired for a minimum of five full calendar years to be eligible for the hall of fame. Thoroughbreds remain eligible between five and 25 calendar years following their final racing year, Thoroughbreds retired for more than 25 calendar years become eligible through the Historic Review Committee. In the early years, inductions were made exclusively through historical review, in 1955, a group of 9 horses from the earliest years of the American turf were inducted. The 1956 class included 11 horses that raced around the turn of the century, since then, the classes have been significantly smaller as the inductions shifted to more contemporary horses. To be eligible for the Hall of Fame, a jockey must be licensed for 20 years or have retired for at least five years. To be eligible for the Hall of Fame, a trainer must be licensed, the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame has named only five people in the history of American Thoroughbred horse racing as Exemplars of Racing. In addition to the Hall of Fame, the houses numerous exhibits. These range from paintings of the days of racing in England by John E. Ferneley. Featured artists include, William Smithson Broadhead, Vaughn Flannery, Sir Alfred J. Munnings, Frederic Remington, Martin Stainforth, George Stubbs, Henry Stull, Edward Troye, also on display are Kelsos five Jockey Club Gold Cup trophies and the Triple Crown trophies of Count Fleet
13.
Calumet Farms
–
Calumet is located in the heart of the Bluegrass, a well-known horse breeding region. Calumet Farm has a history of Kentucky Derby and Triple Crown winners and throughout its history of over 87 years. At a time in American history when racing was the most popular type of horse racing, in 1931 the farms trotter Calumet Butler won the most prestigious event of the day. Following the death of W. M. Wright, in 1932 his son Warren Wright, Sr. took over the business and his acquisition of quality breeding stock saw Calumet Farm develop into one of North Americas most successful stables in Thoroughbred racing history. Calumet Farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1991, the Pennsylvania Railroad named its baggage car #5868 the Calumet Farm. The farms breeding success was notably anchored by an ownership in Blenheim II, a stallion imported from England. Calumet Farm has produced eight Kentucky Derby winners, more than any other operation in U. S. racing history, as well, Calumet Farm is both the leading breeder and owner of Preakness Stakes winners with seven each. From the farms many great foals, two also won the U. S. Triple Crown and three won the Triple Crown for fillies. Under Warren Wright, Sr. and his wife Lucille Parker Wright who inherited the property on his death in 1950, Calumet was the number one money-earning farm in racing for twelve years. The names of the Calumet Farm official winners of the Kentucky Derby, two of these greats, are the United States Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing champions. In all, the farm produced eleven horses that have been inducted into the National Museum of Racing, Calumet Farm won the 1990 Eclipse Award for Outstanding Breeder. After years of proceedings, in 2000, J. T. Lundy along with Gary Matthews. In 1992, a trust established by Henryk de Kwiatkowski, a Polish-born Canadian citizen, purchased Calumet Farm, since 1992, the farm has been fully restored to its former beauty. In 2012, the Calumet Investment Group bought Calumet Farm from the de Kwiatkowski Trust for over $36 million, Calumet Investment Group in turn leased it to Brad M. Kelley, believed to be a member of the investment group. The win of Oxbow in the 2013 Preakness Stakes marked the return of Calumet to the circle of a Triple Crown race for the first time since 1968. Wild Ride, The Rise and Tragic Fall of Calumet Farm, new York, Henry Holt & Co
14.
Sports Illustrated
–
Sports Illustrated is an American sports media franchise owned by Time Inc. Its self-titled magazine has over 3 million subscribers and is read by 23 million people each week and it was the first magazine with circulation over one million to win the National Magazine Award for General Excellence twice. Its swimsuit issue, which has published since 1964, is now an annual publishing event that generates its own television shows, videos. There were two magazines named Sports Illustrated before the current magazine began on August 16,1954, in 1936, Stuart Scheftel created Sports Illustrated with a target market for the sportsman. He published the magazine from 1936 to 1938 on a monthly basis, the magazine was a life magazine size and focused on golf, tennis, and skiing with articles on the major sports. He then sold the name to Dell Publications, which released Sports Illustrated in 1949, dells version focused on major sports and competed on magazine racks against Sport and other monthly sports magazines. During the 1940s these magazines were monthly and they did not cover the current events because of the production schedules, there was no large-base, general, weekly sports magazine with a national following on actual active events. It was then that Time patriarch Henry Luce began considering whether his company should attempt to fill that gap, at the time, many believed sports was beneath the attention of serious journalism and did not think sports news could fill a weekly magazine, especially during the winter. A number of advisers to Luce, including Life magazines Ernest Havemann, tried to kill the idea, but Luce, the goal of the new magazine was to be basically a magazine, but with sports. Launched on August 16,1954, it was not profitable and not particularly well run at first, but Luces timing was good. The popularity of sports in the United States was about to explode. The early issues of the magazine seemed caught between two opposing views of its audience, after more than a decade of steady losses, the magazines fortunes finally turned around in the 1960s when Andre Laguerre became its managing editor. A European correspondent for Time, Inc, in May 1956, Luce brought Laguerre to New York to become assistant managing editor of the magazine. He was also one of the first to sense the rise of national interest in professional football, Laguerre also instituted the innovative concept of one long story at the end of every issue, which he called the bonus piece. His genius as an editor was that he made you want to please him, Laguerre is also credited with the conception and creation of the annual Swimsuit Issue, which quickly became, and remains, the most popular issue each year. Regular illustration features by artists like Robert Riger, high school football Player of the Month awards. In 2015 Sports Illustrated purchased a group of companies and combined them to create Sports Illustrated Play. The magazines photographers also made their mark with innovations like putting cameras in the goal at a hockey game, by 1967, the magazine was printing 200 pages of fast color a year, in 1983, SI became the first American full-color newsweekly
15.
CBS
–
CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
16.
Preakness Stakes
–
The Preakness Stakes is an American flat thoroughbred horse race held on the third Saturday in May each year at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland. It is a Grade I race run over a distance of 9.5 furlongs on dirt, Colts and geldings carry 126 pounds, fillies 121 lb. It is the jewel of the Triple Crown, held two weeks after the Kentucky Derby and three weeks before the Belmont Stakes. First run in 1873, the Preakness Stakes was named by a former Maryland governor after a winning colt at Pimlico, the race has been termed The Run for the Black-Eyed Susans because a blanket of yellow flowers altered to resemble Marylands state flower is placed around the winners neck. Attendance at the Preakness Stakes ranks second in North America among equestrian events, the 142nd running of the Preakness Stakes will take place on Saturday, May 20,2017. Two years before the Kentucky Derby was run for the first time, Pimlico introduced its new stakes race for three-year-olds, the New Jersey name was said to have come from the Native American name Pra-qua-les for the area. After Preakness won the Dinner Party Stakes, his jockey, Billy Hayward and this was the supposed way that the wire at the finish line was introduced and how the awarding of purse money came to be. In reality, the purse, meaning prize money, had been in use for well over a century. The first Preakness, held on May 27,1873, drew seven starters, john Chamberlains three-year-old, Survivor, collected the $2,050 winning purse by galloping home easily by 10 lengths. This was the largest margin of victory until 2004, when Smarty Jones won by 11 1/2 lengths, in 1890 Morris Park Racecourse in the Bronx, New York hosted the Preakness Stakes. This race was run under conditions, and the age restriction was lifted. The race was won by a horse named Montague. After 1890, there was no race run for three years, for the 15 years from 1894 through 1908, the race was held at Gravesend Race Track on Coney Island, New York. In 1909 it returned to Pimlico, seven editions of the Preakness Stakes have been run under handicap conditions, in which more accomplished or favored horses are assigned to carry heavier weight. It was first run under conditions in 1890 and again in the years 1910-1915. During these years, the race was known as the Preakness Handicap, in March 2009 Magna Entertainment Corp. which owns Pimlico, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy thus throwing open the possibility the Stakes could move again. On April 13,2009, the Maryland Legislature approved a plan to buy the Stakes, attendance at the Preakness Stakes ranks second in North America and usually surpasses the attendance of all other stakes races including the Belmont Stakes, the Breeders Cup and the Kentucky Oaks. The attendance of the Preakness Stakes typically only trails the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness is 1 3⁄16 miles, or 9 1⁄2 furlongs, compared to the Kentucky Derby, which is 1 1⁄4 miles /10 furlongs
17.
Belmont Stakes
–
The Belmont Stakes is an American Grade I stakes Thoroughbred horse race held every June at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York. It is a 1. 5-mile-long horse race, open to three-year-old Thoroughbreds, colts and geldings carry a weight of 126 pounds, fillies carry 121 pounds. The 1973 Belmont Stakes and Triple Crown winner Secretariat holds the mile, the attendance at the Belmont Stakes is among the American thoroughbred racing top attended events. The 2004 Belmont Stakes drew an audience of 21.9 million viewers. The 149th Running of the Belmont Stakes will take place on Saturday, the first Belmont Stakes was held at Jerome Park Racetrack in The Bronx, built in 1866 by stock market speculator Leonard Jerome and financed by August Belmont, Sr. for whom the race was named. The first race in 1867 saw the filly Ruthless win, while the year was won by General Duke. The race continued to be held at Jerome Park until 1890, the 1895 race was almost not held because of new laws that banned bookmaking in New York, it was eventually rescheduled for November 2. When anti-gambling legislation was passed in New York State, Belmont Racetrack was closed, the first winner of the Triple Crown was Sir Barton, in 1919, before the series was recognized as such. In 1920, the Belmont was won by the great Man o War, starting in 1926, the winner of the Belmont Stakes has been presented with August Belmont Trophy. The owner may keep the trophy for one year, and also receives a miniature for permanent use. The term Triple Crown was first used when Gallant Fox won the three races in 1930, but the term did not enter widespread use until 1935 when his son Omaha repeated the feat, Sir Barton was then honored retroactively. Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes, prior to 1931, the Preakness was run before the Derby eleven times. On May 12,1917 and again on May 13,1922, the Preakness, on eleven occasions, the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes. The date of each event is now set by the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes is currently held two weeks later, and the Belmont Stakes is held three weeks after the Preakness. The earliest possible date for the Derby is May 1, and the latest is May 7, the earliest possible date for the Belmont is thus June 5, and the latest is June 11. In 1937, War Admiral became the fourth Triple Crown winner after winning the Belmont in a new record time of 2,28 3/5. In the 1940s, four Triple Crown winners followed, Whirlaway in 1941, Count Fleet in 1943, Assault in 1946, Count Fleet won the race by a then-record margin of twenty-five lengths. He also set a record of 2,28 1/5
18.
Nashua (horse)
–
Nashua was an American-born thoroughbred racehorse, best remembered for a 1955 match race against Swaps, the horse that had defeated him in the Kentucky Derby. Nashuas sire was the European champion Nasrullah, the dam was Segula, a broodmare who has had influence through her female descendants. Owned by William Woodward, Jr. s famous Belair Stud in Bowie, Maryland, Nashua was trained by Sunny Jim Fitzsimmons, as a two-year-old in 1954, Nashua entered eight races, winning six and finishing second twice, which earned him champion 2-year-old honors. The following year he earned United States Horse of the Year awards from the Thoroughbred Racing Association, Nashua won his famous match race with the great thoroughbred Swaps, who had defeated him in the 1955 Kentucky Derby. Following the death of William Woodward, Jr. the Belair Stud horses were auctioned off, in 1956 the syndicate leased Nashua to Combs to race under the Combs colors. At the end of his 1956 season, after thirty career races with a record of 22–4–1, Nashua was retired to stand at stud at Spendthrift Farm in Lexington and he retired as only the second horse to earn more than $1 million. His earnings of $1,288,565 surpassed the great Citations record, at stud, Nashua was consistent, though his fillies were usually better runners than his colts. His progeny included the Hall of Fame racemare Shuvee, Gold Digger, in 1965, Nashua was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. In The Blood-Horse ranking of the top 100 U. S. thoroughbred champions of the 20th Century, Nashua died in 1982 and is buried at Spendthrift Farm. In the mid-eighties, the farm commissioned a statue to be raised over him, the sculptor was Liza Todd, the daughter of Mike Todd and Elizabeth Taylor. In 2010, sportswriter Bill Christine wrote that Nashua. belongs on that short list of best horses never to have won the Kentucky Derby
19.
Kentucky Derby
–
The Kentucky Derby /ˈdɜːrbi/ is a horse race held annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States, on the first Saturday in May, capping the two-week-long Kentucky Derby Festival. The race is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbreds at a distance of one, colts and geldings carry 126 pounds and fillies 121 pounds. It is the first leg of the American Triple Crown and is followed by the Preakness Stakes, unlike the Preakness and Belmont Stakes, which took hiatuses in 1891–1893 and 1911–1912, respectively, the Kentucky Derby has been run every consecutive year since 1875. A horse must win all three races to win the Triple Crown, the attendance at the Kentucky Derby ranks first in North America and usually surpasses the attendance of all other stakes races including the Preakness Stakes, Belmont Stakes, and the Breeders Cup. The 2017 Kentucky Derby will be the 143rd running, and is set for Saturday, May 6,2017 with a $2 million guaranteed purse. In 1872, Col. Meriwether Lewis Clark, Jr. grandson of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark expedition, traveled to England, visiting the Derby, a famous race that had been running annually since 1780. Returning home to Kentucky, Clark organized the Louisville Jockey Club for the purpose of raising money to build quality racing facilities just outside the city, the track would soon become known as Churchill Downs, named for John and Henry Churchill, who provided the land for the racetrack. Officially, the racetrack was incorporated as Churchill Downs in 1937, the Kentucky Derby was first run at 1 1⁄2 miles, the same distance as the Epsom Derby. The distance was changed in 1896 to its current 1 1⁄4 miles, on May 17,1875, in front of an estimated crowd of 10,000 people, a field of 15 three-year-old horses contested the first Derby. Under jockey Oliver Lewis, a colt named Aristides, who was trained by future Hall of Famer Ansel Williamson, won the inaugural Derby, later that year, Lewis rode Aristides to a second-place finish in the Belmont Stakes. Despite this, the business foundered until 1902 when Col. Matt Winn of Louisville put together a syndicate of businessmen to acquire the facility, under Winn, Churchill Downs prospered and the Kentucky Derby then became the preeminent stakes race for three-year-old thoroughbred horses in North America. Derby participants are limited to three-year-old horses, no horse since Apollo in 1882 has won the Derby without having raced at age two. The three races offered the largest purse and in 1919 Sir Barton became the first horse to win all three races, however, the term Triple Crown didnt come into use for another eleven years. In 1930, when Gallant Fox became the horse to win all three races, sportswriter Charles Hatton brought the phrase into American usage. Fueled by the media, public interest in the possibility of a superhorse that could win the Triple Crown began in the leading up to the derby. Two years after the term was coined, the race, which had run in mid-May since inception, was changed to the first Saturday in May to allow for a specific schedule for the Triple Crown races. Since 1931, the order of Triple Crown races has been the Kentucky Derby first, followed by the Preakness Stakes, prior to 1931, eleven times the Preakness was run before the Derby. On May 12,1917 and again on May 13,1922, the Preakness, on eleven occasions the Belmont Stakes was run before the Preakness Stakes
20.
Public address system
–
Simple PA systems are often used in small venues such as school auditoriums, churches, and small bars. Intercom systems, installed in buildings, have both speakers throughout a building, and microphones in many rooms allowing the occupants to respond to announcements. Sound reinforcement systems and PA systems may use some similar components, Sound reinforcement systems are for live music or performance, whereas PA systems are primarily for reproduction of speech. A short time later the Automatic Enunciator Company was established in Chicago in order to market the new device, in August 1912 a large outdoor installation was made at a water carnival held in Chicago by the Associated Yacht and Power Boat Clubs of America. Seventy-two loudspeakers were strung in pairs at intervals along the docks. The system was used to announce race reports and descriptions, carry a series of speeches about The Chicago Plan, and provide music between races. Four years later, in 1915, they built a dynamic loudspeaker with a 1-inch voice coil, a 3-inch corrugated diaphragm, the electromagnet created a flux field of approximately 11,000 G. Their first experiment used a carbon microphone, when the 12 V battery was connected to the system, they experienced one of the first examples of acoustic feedback. They then placed the loudspeaker on the roof, and claims say that the amplified human voice could be heard 1 mile away. Jensen and Pridham refined the system and connected a phonograph to the loudspeaker to be able to broadcast recorded music and this demonstration was official presentation of the working system, and approximately 100,000 people gathered to hear Christmas music and speeches with absolute distinctness. The first outside broadcast was one week later, again supervised by Jensen. Jensen oversaw the governor using the microphone while Pridham operated the loudspeaker, the following year, Jensen and Pridham applied for a patent for what they called their Sound Magnifying Phonograph. Over the next two years developed their first valve amplifier. In 1919 this was standardized as a 3-stage 25 watt amplifier, wilsons speech was part of his nationwide tour to promote the establishment of the League of Nations. It was held on September 9,1919 at City Stadium, as with the San Francisco installation, Jensen supervised the microphone and Pridham the loudspeakers. Wilson spoke into two large horns mounted on his platform which channelled his voice into the microphone, similar systems were used in the following years by Warren G. Harding and Franklin D. Roosevelt. By the early 1920s, Marconi had established a department dedicated to public address, in 1925, George V used such a system at the British Empire Exhibition, addressing 90,000 via six long-range loudspeakers. This public use of loudspeakers brought attention to the possibilities of such technology, the 1925 Royal Air Force Pageant at Hendon Aerodrome used a Marconi system to allow the announcer to address the crowds, as well as amplify the band
21.
Clem McCarthy
–
Clem McCarthy was an American sportscaster and public address announcer. He also lent his voice to Pathe Newss RKO newsreels and he was known for his gravelly voice and dramatic style, a whiskey tenor as sports announcer and executive David J. Halberstam has called it. As Halberstams book Sports on New York Radio notes, McCarthy is considered one of horse racings great callers and he was the first public-address announcer at a major American racetrack, Arlington Park in Arlington Heights, Illinois. In addition to being a caller for racetracks and NBC Radio, he was a top boxing announcer. Right to the body, a left up to the jaw, five, six, seven, eight -- the men are in the ring. The fight is over, on a knock out. Max Schmeling is beaten in one round, McCarthy is also known for having mis-called the 1947 Preakness Stakes when a crowd standing on a platform blocked his view of the far turn, just as two horses with similar silks switched places. As with Anderson later, McCarthys quick and humble admission of the mistake helped the criticism eventually blow over, at the exact point where the two horses had switched places. The National Sportscasters and Sportswriters Association inducted McCarthy into its Hall of Fame in 1970, in 1987, McCarthy was inducted into the American Sportscasters Association Hall of Fame along with veteran ABC Sports announcer Jim McKay. Comedian Doodles Weaver mimicked McCarthy in his 1948 novelty recording of the William Tell Overture, Sportscasters Hall of Fame Clem McCarthy calls the Joe Louis / Max Schmeling rematch,1938 The incredible story behind Clem McCarthy’s first Kentucky Derby broadcast
22.
Trifecta
–
In American and Australian horse racing terminology, a trifecta is a parimutuel bet in which the bettor must predict which horses will finish first, second, and third in exact order. The word comes from the related betting term, perfecta, a trifecta is known as a tricast in the United Kingdom, as a tiercé in Hong Kong, as a tiercé in France, as a tris in Italy and a triactor in English Canada. A boxed trifecta is where any option in a wager can be correct and these are effectively betting on every possible outcome of the three contenders and is calculated. The word trifecta is also used to describe a situation when three elements together at the same time. Superfecta The dictionary definition of trifecta at Wiktionary
23.
Secretariat (horse)
–
Secretariat was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who, in 1973, became the first Triple Crown winner in 25 years. His record-breaking win in the Belmont Stakes, where he left the field 31 lengths behind him, is regarded as one of the greatest races of all time. During his racing career, he won five Eclipse Awards, including Horse of the Year honors at two and three. He was elected to the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1974, in the List of the Top 100 U. S. Racehorses of the 20th Century, Secretariat is second only to Man o War, at age two, Secretariat finished fourth in his 1972 debut in a maiden race, but then won seven of his remaining eight starts, including five stakes victories. His only loss during this period was in the Champagne Stakes and he received the Eclipse Award for champion two-year-old colt, and also was the 1972 Horse of the Year, a rare honor for a horse so young. At age three, Secretariat not only won the Triple Crown, he set speed records in all three races. His time in the Kentucky Derby still stands as the Churchill Downs track record for 1 1⁄4 miles and his controversial time in the Preakness Stakes was eventually recognized as a stakes record in 2012. He lost three times that year, in the Wood Memorial, Whitney and Woodward Stakes, but the brilliance of his nine wins made him an American icon and he won his second Horse of the Year title, plus Eclipse Awards for champion three-year-old colt and champion turf horse. At the beginning of his year, Secretariat was syndicated for a record-breaking $6.08 million on condition that he be retired from racing by the end of the year. Although he sired successful racehorses, he ultimately was most influential through his daughters offspring, becoming the leading broodmare sire in North America in 1992. Secretariat died in 1989 due to laminitis and his daughters produced several notable sires, including Storm Cat, A. P. Indy, Gone West, Dehere and Chiefs Crown, and through them Secretariat appears in the pedigree of many modern champions. He continues to be recognized as one of the greatest horses in American racing history, Secretariat was sired by Bold Ruler and his dam was Somethingroyal, a daughter of Princequillo. Bold Ruler was the leading sire in North America from 1963 to 1969, owned by the Phipps family, Bold Ruler possessed both speed and stamina, having won the Preakness Stakes and Horse of the Year honors in 1957, and American Champion Sprint Horse honors in 1958. Bold Ruler was retired to stud at Claiborne Farm, but the Phippses owned most of the mares to which Bold Ruler was bred, and few of his offspring were sold at public auction. Assuming two foals were produced, the Phipps family would keep one and the owner would keep the other. Under such an arrangement, Chenery sent two mares to be bred to Bold Ruler in 1968, Hasty Matelda and Somethingroyal and she then sent Cicada and Somethingroyal in 1969. The foal-sharing agreement stated that the winner of the toss would get first foal pick of the foals produced in 1969
24.
Bill Shoemaker
–
William Lee Bill Shoemaker was an American jockey. For 29 years he held the record for total professional jockey victories. Referred to as Bill, Willie, and The Shoe, William Lee Shoemaker was born in the town of Fabens, at 2.5 pounds, Shoemaker was so small at birth that he was not expected to survive the night. Put in a shoebox in the oven to warm, he survived. His diminutive size proved an asset as he went on to become a giant in thoroughbred racing, despite dropping out of El Monte High School in El Monte. His career as a jockey began in his years, with his first professional ride on March 19,1949. The first of his eventual 8,833 career victories came a month later, on April 20, aboard Shafter V, at Golden Gate Fields in Albany, in 1951, he won the George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award. At the age of 19, he was making so much money that the Los Angeles Superior Court appointed attorney Horace Hahn as his guardian, thirty years later, he won the Eclipse Award for Outstanding Jockey in the United States. Shoemaker won eleven Triple Crown races during his career, spanning four different decades and he lost the 1957 Kentucky Derby aboard Gallant Man, when he stood up in the stirrups too soon, having misjudged the finish line. Gallant Man finished second to Iron Liege, ridden by Bill Hartack, at the 1986 Kentucky Derby, Shoemaker became the oldest jockey ever to win the race aboard the 18-1 outsider Ferdinand. The following year, he rode Ferdinand to a victory over Alysheba in the Breeders Cup Classic, Shoemaker rode the popular California horse Silky Sullivan, about which he is quoted as saying, You just had to let him run his race. And if he decided to win it, youd better hold on because youd be moving faster than a train, when Shoemaker earned his 6, 033rd victory in September 1970, he broke jockey Johnny Longdens record. In 1999, Shoemakers own record of 8,833 career victories was broken by Panamanian-born Laffit Pincay Jr. the record is held by Russell Baze. Win number 8,833, Shoemakers last, came at Gulfstream Park in Hallandale, Florida, two weeks later, on February 3, Shoemaker rode his last race on Patchy Groundfog, at Santa Anita Park in Arcadia, California. He finished fourth, in front of a crowd, to Eddie Delahoussaye. All told, Bill Shoemaker rode in a record 40,350 races, in 1990, he was voted the Mike Venezia Memorial Award for extraordinary sportsmanship and citizenship. The Marlboro Cup of 1976 at Belmont Park proved to be maybe his greatest racing achievement, foregos drive started from eighth position out of eleven horses on the backstretch. It culminated with a charge through the muddy middle-of-the-track stretch run
25.
John Henry (horse)
–
John Henry was an American Thoroughbred race horse who had 39 wins, with $6,591,860 in earnings. This total is the equivalent to almost 15 million dollars in 2015 and he was twice voted the Eclipse Award for Horse of the Year in 1981 and 1984, with his 1981 selection unanimous. In all, he won seven Eclipse awards, John Henry was also listed as #23 - Top 100 U. S. The horse was named after the folk hero John Henry, as a colt, John Henry had a habit of tearing steel water and feed buckets off stall walls and stomping them flat. This reminded his then-owners of the legendary John Henry, who was known as a steel-drivin man and he was gelded both for his temperament as well as his lack of good breeding, which meant that he would have been unlikely to be in much demand as a breeding stallion. A Golden Chance Farm foal, John Henry was from breeding that might best be described as plebeian and his sire, Ole Bob Bowers, once sold for just $900 and was not in much demand by breeders. His dam, Once Double, was a runner and producer, but was sired by Double Jay. John Henry was sold as a yearling for $1,100 at the Keeneland January Mixed sale to John Callaway who is credited with giving John Henry his name. Besides being back at the knee, undersized, and plainly bred and he had a series of trainers, making his mark as a workmanlike racehorse who earned money in minor stakes, allowance races, and mid-level claiming races. One such allowance race took place at Saratoga Race Course on August 8,1978, the race is of note in that John Henry finished behind Darby Creek Road who won in a track record time of 1,20 2/5 for seven furlongs. Also of note was the fact that unknown to all attending that day, in 1978, New York City businessman Sam Rubin and his wife Dorothy paid $25,000 sight unseen for the then three-year-old John Henry. The horse broker who picked out the horse for Rubin was Louisville trainer and broker, Rubin asked McGee if he was sure this horse was sound. McGee said he could see potential in John Henry, Racing under the Rubins Dotsam Stable banner, he was first conditioned by trainer Robert Donato, a former policeman, who saw his grass potential. Under him, John Henry won 6 of 19 starts and $120,000, starting the year as a cheap claimer, the following year, the Rubins and Donato had a disagreement on policy and parted ways. John Henry was given to a new trainer, Lefty Nickerson, under him, he won 4 of 11 races in 1979. When the grass season was over in New York, Rubin decided to send the horse to California, Nickerson suggested his good friend Ron McAnally as trainer. Under McAnally, John Henry won six races in a row. Initially the plan was to him under McAnally out west and Nickerson in the east
26.
Hawthorne Race Course
–
Hawthorne Race Course is a racetrack for horse racing in Stickney/Cicero, Illinois, near Chicago. The oldest continually run family-owned racetrack in North America, in 2009 the Horseplayers Association of North America introduced a system for 65 Thoroughbred racetracks in North America. Of the top ten, Hawthorne was ranked No.8, in 1890, Edward Corrigan, a Chicago businessman who owned the 1890 Kentucky Derby winner, Riley, bought 119 acres of land in Cicero and started constructing a grandstand for a new racecourse. His track opened in 1891 with a five-race card including the featured Chicago Derby, in 1902, the grandstand burned to the ground, which moved all racing to the Harlem racetrack in Chicago. The reopened track held a 12-day summer meet at its own facility later that year, in 1905, horse racing was banned in Chicago, leading to the closure of Hawthorne. The field was used briefly by pioneer aviators Victor and Allan Haines Loughead in 1910 to fly a powered Montgomery glider, in 1909, the track was sold to Thomas Carey who tried to reopen the track twice but was stopped by the sheriffs department and the local police. But in 1916, the track ran a 13-day meeting which included the American Derby and that would be the last race until 1922. In 1922, the track reopened legally for a 13-day race meeting, in 1923, the meet expanded again to 25 days. The Chicago Business Mens Racing Association took over racing operations in 1924 and this same year a new clubhouse was constructed at Hawthorne, and a form of parimutuel betting was introduced. By 1927, the racetrack was gaining prominence on the national scene, a new starting was introduced, as was the Hawthorne Gold Cup Handicap, a major stakes event. In 1929, Sun Beau won his first Gold Cup and would capture two more. In 1931, a time and an infield tote board were introduced. The track introduced daily double wagering to Chicago and used a new infrared timer in the early 1930s, the track began the Chicago racing season in 1936 with a spring meet. The Hawthorne continued to advance in the 1930s and 1940s, taking over the dates of Lincoln Fields Race Track as well as racing earlier in the spring. The track also introduced races restricted to Illinois-bred horses, turf racing returned to Hawthorne in 1948 with the renovation of the racing strip and the introduction of a six-furlong turf course. In 1959, a new clubhouse was opened with expanded seating to serve the racing needs of the Chicago market. The track continued to thrive during the 1960s and 1970s, but it had crested in attendance, by 1970, harness racing was held at Hawthorne in an effort to offer a product to lovers of standardbred racing. The track was awarded spring dates and ran spring, summer, and autumn thoroughbred meets, the track stopped in September for the Arlington Park meet and also began to hold occasional quarter horse races
27.
Breeders' Cup
–
The Breeders Cup World Championships is an annual series of Grade I Thoroughbred horse races, operated by Breeders Cup Limited, a company formed in 1982. From its inception in 1984 through 2006, it was an event, starting in 2007. All sites have been in the United States, except in 1996, the attendance at the Breeders Cup varies, depending mainly on the capacity of the host track. Santa Anita Park set the highest two-day attendance figure of 118,484 in 2016, the lowest two-day attendance was 69,584 in 2007 at Monmouth Park. The attendance typically only trails the Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, with the addition of three races for 2008, a total of $25.5 million was awarded over the two days, up from $23 million in 2007. With the subsequent removal of two races, the purses for the thirteen races totaled $24.5 million in 2014, plus awards for foal. Prior to the 2016 running, the purses were raised from $26 million to $28 million. The purse of the Classic was raised from $5 million to $6 million, each Breeders Cup race presents four Breeders Cup trophies to the connections of the winner and a garland of flowers draped over the withers of the winning horse. Many Breeders Cup winners will go on to win the Eclipse Award in their respective division, for example, of the eleven flat racehorse categories, seven of the Eclipse winners in 2015 had also won a Breeders Cup race, while three others were in the money. In the 2015 listing of the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities, three Breeders Cup races are ranked among the top Grade 1 races in the world, the Classic, the Turf, the Distaff is ranked second among the top Grade 1 races for fillies and mares. The event was created as a championship for North American Thoroughbred racing. The races are operated by Breeders Cup Limited, a company formed in 1982, the first event was in 1984. From its inception in 1984 through 2006, it was an event, starting in 2007. All sites have been in the United States, except in 1996, in 2006 Greg Avioli began serving as interim President and CEO of the Breeders Cup, and he became the official CEO in April 2007. This is a time for the Breeders Cup, said Avioli. Before the Breeders Cup expanded to two days, it was considered to be the richest day in sports. Beginning in 2008, the day of the Breeders Cup became the second-richest. In 2008, a total of $17 million was awarded on that day, the richest single day in sports is now another Thoroughbred racing event, Dubai World Cup Night
28.
Lee DeWyze
–
Leon James Lee DeWyze, Jr. is an American singer-songwriter from Mount Prospect, Illinois, and the winner of the ninth season of American Idol. Prior to Idol, DeWyze had a career and formed the Lee DeWyze Band. He had also released two independent albums called So Im Told in 2007 and Slumberland in 2010, both on WuLi Records and his first post-Idol album Live It Up was released on November 16,2010, through RCA Records. WuLi Records, citing demand from DeWyzes fan base, released an album of pre-Idol recordings, What Once Was. His fifth studio album Frames was released on August 20,2013, DeWyze was born in Mount Prospect, Illinois, the eldest son of Kathleen and Leon DeWyze, Sr. who worked as a postal carrier in Elk Grove Village, Illinois. He has two sisters, Shannon and Sarah, and a younger brother, Michael. His musical influences include Cat Stevens, Eric Clapton, Ben Harper, after leaving Prospect High, he attended Forest View Alternative School in Arlington Heights, having been inspired both by his teachers and his interest in music to return to his studies. While he never graduated from high school, he eventually got his GED. After expulsion from school, DeWyze worked as a paint salesman. The store continued to him during his American Idol run by selling tee shirts encouraging fans to vote for Lee. DeWyze started singing at an age and was discovered by Louis Svitek. Svitek signed DeWyze to WuLi Records, the independent record label he runs with Ryan McGuire in Chicago, dewyze formed the Lee DeWyze Band with Svitek, McGuire and Jeff Henderson. DeWyze recorded two albums, So Im Told and Slumberland, both produced by Ryan McGuire, WuLi released a remixed and remastered edition of So Im Told in 2010. In 2008, as a favor to band member Jeff Henderson, DeWyze and the recorded a disc for Square One Organic Baby Food Company. DeWyze recorded six songs on the Square One Organic promotional CD, as a result of touring in the area and performing at many venues, DeWyze and his bands music were known locally, even getting radio play on WXRT long before he auditioned for American Idol. The Lee DeWyze Band was featured on a television sports program, The Chicago Huddle, hosted by ABC 7s Ryan Chiaverini. DeWyze also had a role in 2005 in a low-budget short horror film, Circling the Drain and in 2006, Deadscapes. He played one of a trio of survivors in a land overrun with the undead and he auditioned with the song Aint No Sunshine
29.
Mount Prospect, Illinois
–
Mount Prospect is a village in Elk Grove and Wheeling Townships in Cook County, Illinois, about 22 miles northwest of downtown Chicago. As of the 2010 census, the village had a population of 54,167. Mount Prospect is located at 42°3′56″N 87°56′10″W, according to the 2010 census, Mount Prospect has a total area of 10.374 square miles, of which 10.34 square miles is land and 0.034 square miles is water. At 665 feet above sea level, Mount Prospect is a point in the immediate area. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Mount Prospect lies within the Humid continental climate zone in the summer type. The village experiences warm to hot and humid summers and frigid, the village lies within U. S. D. A Hardiness zone 5b, along the fringe of zone 6a. As of the census of 2010, there were 54,167 people,21,836 housing units, the population density was 5,310.5 people per square mile and the housing unit density was 2,140.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 77% White,11. 7% Asian,2. 4% Black,0. 4% Native American,0. 01% Pacific Islander,6. 5% from other races, and 2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15. 5% of the population,24. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the family size was 3.15. The median age was 39.7 years, the population consisted of 49. 3% males and 50. 7% females. A census survey conducted between 2005 and 2007 estimate the current median income for a family to be $81,574, males had a median income of $44,585 versus $32,218 for females. The per capita income for the village was $26,464, about 3. 1% of families and 4. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6. 2% of those under age 18 and 3. 7% of those age 65 or over. In 2008, Mount Prospect was voted the best city in which to raise children, companies based in Mount Prospect include Cummins Allison, NTN USA and Rauland-Borg. According to the Villages 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are, Mount Prospect has a number of distinct and it has multiple districts that serve the entire village. Central Mount Prospect is served by Mount Prospect School District 57, north Mount Prospect is served by River Trails School District 26. South Mount Prospect is served by Elk Grove Community Consolidated School District 59, a very small portion of northern Mount Prospect in its northernmost point is served by Buffalo Grove-Wheeling Community Consolidated District 21. A small part of north central Mount Prospect is also served by Arlington Heights School District 25, a small part of northwest Mount Prospect is served by Prospect Heights School District 23
30.
American Idol
–
It began airing on Fox on June 11,2002, and ended on April 7,2016. It started off as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol, the concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones, Internet, and SMS text voting. American Idol employed a panel of judges who critiqued the contestants performances, the original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the final consisted of country singer Keith Urban, singer and actress Jennifer Lopez. The first season was hosted by radio personality Ryan Seacrest and comedian Brian Dunkleman, the success of American Idol has been described as unparalleled in broadcasting history. The series was said by a rival TV executive to be the most impactful show in the history of television. It became a springboard for launching the career of many artists as bona fide stars. The series concluded after 15 seasons, American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw a version in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain, Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a panel of judges to select singers in audition. He then added elements, such as telephone voting by the viewing public. The show debuted in Britain in 2001 with Lythgoe as showrunner—the executive producer and production leader—and Simon Cowell as one of the judges, it was quite successful with the viewing public. In 2001, Fuller, Cowell, and TV producer Simon Jones attempted to sell the Pop Idol format to the United States, but the idea was initially met with poor responses from the Fox television network. However, Rupert Murdoch, head of Foxs parent company, was persuaded to buy the series by his daughter, Elisabeth. The show was renamed American Idol, The Search for a Superstar, Cowell was initially offered the job as showrunner but later turned down the offer, Lythgoe then took over that position. Much to Cowells surprise, it one of the biggest shows of the summer. The show grew into a phenomenon largely due to its personal engagement of the contestants, thereby prompting viewers to vote, by 2004, it had become the most-watched show on U. S. television, a position it then held for seven consecutive seasons. However, after a few years of declining ratings, the network announced that the fifteenth season would be its last. A fourth judge, radio DJ Stryker, was originally chosen, the show decided to continue with the three judges format until season eight
31.
Haley Reinhart
–
Haley Elizabeth Reinhart is an American singer, songwriter, and voice actress from Wheeling, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. She first rose to prominence after placing third in the season of American Idol. In July 2011, Reinhart signed a deal with Interscope Records. Her debut album Listen Up. was released on May 22,2012 to critical acclaim, after being dropped by Interscope Records following a change in the companys management in 2012, Reinhart expanded the agreement she had with her music publisher, ole, in 2014. Reinhart signed with ICM Partners in March 2016, in addition to her deal with ole. Reinhart garnered widespread recognition in 2015 for performing and touring with Scott Bradlees Postmodern Jukebox and her most notable collaboration with the band on a Jazz cover of Radioheads Creep spent 58 consecutive weeks on Billboards Jazz digital charts and received critical acclaim. Reinhart won a Cannes Lion for Entertainment and a Clio Award for the song in 2016, additionally, she made her voice acting debut as Bill Murphy in the Netflix animated comedy F Is for Family on December 18,2015. She is set to reprise the role in the second season. The album debuted at number 22 on Billboards Independent Albums chart and she supported the release of the album with a 2016 summer headlining tour that was held throughout the United States and a spring leg that will be held throughout Europe in May and June 2017. Reinhart has begun production on her studio album, which is slated to be released in May 2017. She has one sister, Angela, who is five years younger than her, Angela is a singer-songwriter and musician, as well, and she primarily performs indie folk music. Reinhart is of German, Irish, and Italian descent, around the age of three, her parents would hold her up on stage and have her sing the chorus or vocal harmonies for Brown Eyed Girl. She began singing seriously when she was 7 or 8 years old, performing with her band, Midnight. Reinharts mother was also the singer for a band called The Company She Keeps before she joined Midnight in 1977. When she was nine years old, Reinhart sang LeAnn Rimess Blue on a big stage at a tattoo convention and she has been writing poetry since she was eight years old and has competed in many poetry slam competitions throughout her life. She also has a passion for improv and has active in plays, musicals. Reinhart began writing songs in Middle School, and she explains that when I give myself the time to sit down, and reflect, and feel and she had several hundred compositions saved on her cell phone before it broke, losing all of the material. Reinhart had planned on auditioning for American Idol ever since middle school and she attended Mark Twain Elementary School, O. W
32.
Wheeling, Illinois
–
Wheeling is a village in Cook and Lake counties in the U. S. state of Illinois. A suburb of Chicago, it is primarily in Cook County, the population was 37,648 at the 2010 census. Wheeling is named for Wheeling, WV, Wheeling is located at 42°7′53″N 87°55′47″W. According to the 2010 census, the village has an area of 8.74 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 34,496 people,13,280 households, the population density was 4,106.5 people per square mile. There were 13,697 housing units at a density of 1,630.5 per square mile. The racial make-up of the village was 76. 68% White,2. 44% African American,0. 23% Native American,9. 26% Asian,0. 07% Pacific Islander,9. 18% from other races, and 2. 13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20. 68% of the population,30. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the family size was 3.26. In the village, the population was out with 23. 4% under the age of 18,9. 4% from 18 to 24,35. 2% from 25 to 44,21. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 34 years, for every 100 females there were 96.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.7 males, the median income for a household in the village was $55,491, and the median income for a family was $63,088. Males had an income of $41,586 versus $32,262 for females. The per capita income for the village was $24,989, about 2. 7% of families and 5. 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6. 3% of those under age 18 and 7. 9% of those age 65 or over. Wheeling has a station on Metras North Central Service, which provides commuter rail service between Antioch and Chicago Union Station Monday through Friday. Chicago Executive Airport, a general aviation airport, is located in Wheeling and Prospect Heights. Formerly known as Palwaukee Municipal Airport, it is the third busiest airport in Illinois, after Chicagos OHare, the climate in Wheeling can be classified as temperate. Winters are usually cold and snowy
33.
Arlington Million
–
The Arlington Million is a Grade 1 flat horse race in the United States for thoroughbred horses aged three years and upward. It is raced annually in August over a distance of 1 1⁄4 miles on the turf at Arlington Park in Arlington Heights, the Arlington Million was the first thoroughbred race to offer a purse of US$1,000,000. It is part of the Breeders Cup Challenge series, and the winner qualifies for the Breeders Cup Turf. The Arlington Million was introduced in 1981 by Joe Joyce, the dad of TVGs Mike Joyce, the winner receives 60% of the million dollar purse and the Arlington Million Trophy. The race was graded after only its second running and was awarded a grade one status in 1983 based on the talent of the runners that raced in its first two years, the horse John Henry won the race twice. On August 30,1981, Willie Shoemaker became the first jockey to win a $1 million thoroughbred horse race when John Henry took the inaugural Arlington Million by a nose over The Bart. The track famously ran the Arlington Million in 1985 under the shadow of a burnt-out grandstand, in 2007, Jambalaya became the first Canadian bred horse to win the Arlington Million, with his trainer, Catherine Day Phillips, being the first female trainer to ever win the race. Starting in 1991, timing was arranged to hundredths, in 2004, Pat Gibson won a million pounds on the UK version of Who Wants to be a Millionaire. By correctly answering the Million was not a Triple Crown race in the United States, starting in 2007, the winner of this race will qualify for the Breeders Cup World Thoroughbred Championships in the Turf Division. Ten Things you should know about the Arlington Million at Hello Race Fans
