The Military of Ecuador is under civilian control. The commander-in-chief is the President of Ecuador Lenin Moreno; the military of Ecuador has been involved in border disputes with Peru, has provided military observers and troops to the United Nations since 1948. are part of the public forces and have the stated mission of the preservation of the integrity and national sovereignty of the national territory. It involves participation in the social and economic development of the country and the provision of assistance in the maintenance of internal order. Tasks include fighting anti-narcotic operations and illegal immigration. One social development programme applies the provision of teachers for rural schools through an accord with the Ministry of Education. Environmental protection is a priority, several programmes were implemented: "National Forestation and Ornamentation", "Lonely Tree", "Green Surveillance", "Fire Plan", "Ecuador Forest" and "Arenillas Military Reserve"; the Ecuadorian territory is divided into five "Joint Task Force Zones" or Fuerzas de Tarea Conjunta, four on mainland Ecuador, the fifth being the Naval-zone.

Overseas territories include the "Pedro Vicente Maldonado" Naval Biological Research Station in the Antarctic. Ecuador shares a 1,420 km border with Peru. Although marked by many conflicts, relations have improved since the signing of a renewed Peace Treaty in 1998. However, along the 590 km -long border with its neighbour Colombia, relations have been strained due to a cross-border raid by Colombian forces on FARC guerrillas; the Armed Forces were caught off-guard. Their radar did not work, aviation was non-existent and communications were not operational. A diplomatic crisis followed in 2008 which some attribute to the need for better equipment as well as a new national defence doctrine; the new administration at the Defence Ministry launched a deep restructuring program under the name of "PATRIA I". It involves the modernisation of military equipment, improvement of planning and operations within the Ecuadorian territory. "PATRIA I" shall be completed by 2011. In 2009, the spending budget totaled $920 million.

Ecuador's military history dates far back to its first attempt to secure freedom from Spain in 1811. In 1822 Ecuadorian troops, alongside other rebel forces, scored a decisive victory over the Spanish royalist army at the Battle of Pichincha. Although assisted by Peruvian troops, it would fight these only a few years in 1828, as a member of the Confederation of Gran Colombia; the troops of Gran Colombia, is defeated in the Battle of Punta Malpelo and the combat of crosses, where the Peruvian navy blocks Guayaquil. The great Colombians in the land field defeat a division of Peruvian outpost, in the battle of Tarqui; this battle does not define war after the signing of the Giron agreement where it is indicated that it remains in a status quo before bellum. Civil War would plunge the country and the army into disorder. In 1941 the Ecuadorian Military found itself disorganized. A much larger and better equipped Peruvian force overwhelmed the Ecuadorian forces, driving them back and invading the Ecuadorian territory.

Ecuador had no choice but to accept Peru's territorial claims and signed Peace treaty in 1942. However, the treaty of 1942 failed to settle the border dispute and occasional clashes occurred in a still non-demarcated border area between the nations; these clashes flared into another outbreak of serious fighting in January 1981 called the Paquisha War where Ecuadorian troops infiltrated into Peruvian territory are expelled by the Peruvian army. The last military conflict with Peru occurred in 1995, during the Cenepa War, in which both sides claimed to be fighting inside their own territory until the signing of a ceasefire and the eventual separation of forces; the longest-running source of armed international conflict in the Western Hemisphere had ended. Ecuadorian War of Independence in 1820 Battle of Pichincha in 1822 Gran Colombia–Peru War in 1829 Ecuadorian-Peruvian war of 1858 Battle of Guayaquil in 1860 Ecuadorian-Colombian War in 1863 Chincha Islands War in 1864 Ecuadorian-Peruvian War in 1941 Paquisha War in 1981 Cenepa War, in 1995 The Ecuadorian Armed Forces has provided military observers and troops to the United Nations since 1948.

In November 2003, an Ecuadorian United Nations Training Centre was established under the name of:. In 2009, Ecuador was deploying over 90 peacekeepers around the globe. 1948 UNIMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in Pakistan. 1948 UNIMOGIP United Nations Military Observer Group in India. 1958 UNOGIL Peacekeeping mission in Lebanon. 1961 ONUC Peacekeeping Force in Congo. 1965 DOMREP Mission of the Representative of the Secretary-General in the Dominican Republic. 1990 ONUCA United Nations Observer Group in Central America, Nicaragua. 1991 ONUSAL United Nations Observer Group in El Salvador. 1994 MINUGUA United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala. 2003 UNMIL United Nations Observer Group in Liberia. 2004 UNOCI Peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast. 2004 MINUSTAH, United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti. 2005 UNMIS United Nations Mission in Sudan. 2007 UNMIN United Nations Mission in Nepal. 2008 MINURCAT United Nations Mission in Chad. 2008 MINURC

Be Still My Soul is an album by Abigail. The album is a collection of hymns. "This album is different from anything I have done before. It is a departure from my previous styles of music but I haven't abandoned my club roots, I'm still going to do a follow up to'Home...again'. This is a snapshot of, it has been a healing, cathartic experience for me." Be Still My Soul is a collection of hymns, including "Amazing Grace", "How Great Thou Art" and "Be Still My Soul". Abigail stated: "My hope for this collection of songs is to reach right into the heart of the listener and connect you to whatever that greater power is in your life. I wish for it to bring great comfort, healing and peace." It Is Well With My Soul How Great Thou Art Take My Life and Let It Be Be Still My Soul Great Is Thy Faithfulness Amazing Grace Come Thou Fount Of Every Blessing Be Thou My Vision This Is My Father's World Abide With Me

Sir David Eardley Garrard is a retired British property developer. David Garrard was born Streatham on the son of a Stamford Hill upholsterer, he attended Battersea Grammar School in South London. Garrard joined an estate agency, he co-founded Minerva PLC with Andrew Rosenfeld, a property investment and development company, whose shares are quoted in the London Stock Exchange FTSE 250 Index, served as its chairman for many years until his retirement in March 2005. Before co-founding Minerva, Garrard worked as a financial adviser. In 2008, he set up a venture capital business with his son in law Alexander Salter, but the two fell out when Salter and Garrard's daughter divorced in 2013, leading to a High Court case. Garrard was listed by the Sunday Times Rich List 2005 as the joint 451st richest person in the UK, with a fortune in excess of £100 million, falling to 575th with £95 million in 2009. In 2014 Garrard was involved in a legal dispute with his former son-in-law related to an alleged attempted transfer of £2.5 million from a bank account and the appointment of Lord Mendelsohn as a director of jointly owned companies.

In 2002 the first city academy under a new Labour programme, Business Academy Bexley, was opened by prime minister Tony Blair with Garrard as principal sponsor with a financial contribution of £2.5 million. Garrard chaired its governing body. Before the 2005 General Election Garrard secretly provided the Labour Party with a loan of £2.3 million at a time when loans on commercial terms did not have to be declared, to be repaid on 28 April 2007. Following the discovery of the loan in the course of the Cash for Honours political scandal in the UK, Garrard withdrew his nomination for a peerage; the loan was extended, Gerrard called for it to be repaid in 2015, in a reaction against the election of Jeremy Corbyn as leader of the Labour Party. In 2013, Garrard hosted a visit to Israel by eleven Labour MPs, including shadow defence secretary Jim Murphy, shadow defence minister Gemma Doyle, Labour Friends of Israel chair Anne McGuire and vice-chair Louise Ellman, he sponsored the 2014 Labour Friends of Israel annual lunch, which included a speech by Labour leader Ed Miliband.

In 2014, Garrard donated £500,000 to the Labour party, one of the largest private donations under Ed Miliband's leadership. This prompted criticism of "double standards" when the media reported that Garrard had placed shares in an offshore trust to avoid tax, similar to Conservative donor and co-treasurer Lord Fink, whom Labour had criticised. Garrard left the Labour Party in March 2018 due to his unhappiness with the party's response to antisemitism. In February 2019, Garrard added that he had concerns about the nation's future should Corbyn lead the country. "From the outset of Mr Corbyn’s leadership I had feared the ultra-Left Marxist/Socialist nature of the Labour party’s new leadership and its supporters, all of which led me to conclude that a socialist republic for our nation was what these politicians intend". After leaving the party, he has provided funding on several occasions to Tom Watson in addition to his support for The Independent Group. In February 2019 Garrard provided funding to support the launch of pro-EU political group The Independent Group.

Of The Independent Group's eleven MPs, eight were members of the Labour Party while six of these were members of Labour Friends of Israel, including its chair, Joan Ryan. Garrard was knighted in the 2003 New Year Honours. Garrard is a patron of children's charity Lifeline 4 Kids, is a trustee of the Police Foundation, has been a director of the Princes Trust Business Division. Garrard donated £2.4 million to the Bexley Business Academy, a first- and second-level school, chaired its governing body. The Business Academy Bexley was renamed the Harris Garrard Academy when it was taken over by the Harris Federation in 2017, to reflect the support Garrard had put into the academy. Garrard was married for forty-seven years to Maureen, who became a director of The Garrard Family Foundation and The Garrard Academy, she died in 2011. Garrard is Jewish

Andrew Alexander is a theatre, television producer, known most for his leadership and co-ownership of The Second City, for co-developing and producing the television show SCTV. Andrew Alexander was born in England, his father, in the aeronautical industry, moved the family to Canada in 1951. He studied at Tri-State College in Ryerson University in Toronto. After Ryerson in 1967 Alexander worked for The Thompson Newspaper Chain and Oakville Beaver newspaper. In the early 1970s, Alexander moved around the Toronto arts scene working as an editor of Ski Magazine, for the ill-fated John Lennon Peace Festival. Alexander worked at the Global Village Theatre, co-producing late night shows and marketing and publicity at the Toronto Arts Foundation, he was hired by the Ivanhoe Theatre in Chicago, where he met Bernard Sahlins, owner and co-founder of The Second City. At the time, The Second City's Toronto location was failing. Alexander offered to assume the Toronto theatre's debts in exchange for the rights to operate The Second City in Canada.

Bernie Sahlins agreed, in 1974 Alexander took over The Second City Toronto. As head of the Toronto theatre, Alexander produced and developed live theatre revues and launched the careers of comedians Gilda Radner, John Candy, Dan Aykroyd, Andrea Martin, Catherine O'Hara, Eugene Levy, Martin Short, Dave Thomas, Joe Flaherty and others. Two years Alexander joined Len Stuart in starting The Second City Entertainment Company, a TV and film production company, their first production was the television show SCTV. After a decade of developing the entertainment company and Stuart became owners of The Second City Chicago in 1985. Alexander has led The Second City in Canada and the US since then. Alexander has produced or executive produced over 250 Second City revues in Canada and the United States. Over the past 42 years, The Second City has operated resident theater and/or improv training facilities at one time or another in Toronto, Detroit, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, London and Cleveland. Additionally, Alexander expanded The Second City's Training and Corporate Services divisions from niche offerings to boutique business lines in their own right.

In February 2016 Alexander announced the opening of The Harold Ramis Film School in Chicago with its first term starting in September 2016. During Alexander's career as television producer, he co-developed and executive produced over 185 half-hour shows and produced over 150 hours of television comedy for SCTV. Throughout the length of its run, the series garnered an ACTRA Award, 2 Emmy Awards and 13 Emmy Award nominations. Alexander has developed television programming for ABC, CBS, NBC, Fox Television, Comedy Central, HBO, Showtime, A&E and the CBC. Alexander has had co-production deals with MGM Television, Imagine Films, Disney Studios, United Artists and has produced movies and television shows with Ed Asner, Dan Aykroyd, James Belushi, Bill Murray, Chris Farley, Bonnie Hunt, Shelley Long, Andrea Martin, Steve Carell, John Candy, Mike Myers, Catherine O'Hara, Harold Ramis, Martin Short, Dave Thomas, Tina Fey and Stephen Colbert. Alexander is Producing the Martin Scorsese directed SCTV documentary for Netflix and CTV he executive produced The Second City Project, nominated for 6 - 2016 Canadian Screen Awards.

Alexander executive produced I Martin Short Goes Home. Alexander was executive producer for Second City's Next Comedy Legend on CBC. Alexander was executive producer of the Canadian feature film Intern's Academy written by Dave Thomas and featuring Dan Aykroyd, Dave Foley, Dave Thomas and Maury Chaykin. Alexander was a founding shareholder of the Pay Television service, Super Channel, served on the board of directors. Alexander served on the Columbia College Board of Trustees, he is an Honorary Member of the Chicago and Toronto Gilda's Club Board and has served on the Board of the League of Chicago Theaters and the Canadian Walk of Fame. In 2008, Alexander facilitated a reunion of the cast of SCTV in Toronto launching The Second City Alumni Fund, a fund that has raised over $750,000 to assist actors and support staff during times of illness or economic hardship. Alexander has had 2 Emmy Nominations and has received The Canadian Comedy Awards' Chairman's Award, Gilda's Magic Award from Gilda's Club, Chicago Improv Festival Lifetime Achievement Award 2009, The League of Chicago Theater's 2009 Artistic Leadership Award and named 2009 Arts Chicagoan of the Year by Chicago Tribune, Crains Who's Who in Chicago Business 2011, Chicago Magazine's Power 100 - 2012.

Since acquiring Chicago Second City in 1985, the Second City under Alexander's leadership has been nominated for 154 Jeff Awards and has won 32 Jeff Awards, 28 Dora Nominations and 2 wins as well as receiving on behalf of Second City, the Lifetime Achievement Award from Just for Laughs, Spirit of Innovation Award 2011, The Big Shoulders Award 2012 from the Chicago Film Critics and The NAB Spirit of Broadcasting Award 2012, Phi Beta Kappa Distinguished Service Award 2014 and Chicago Fifth Star Award 2016. Governor General Performing Arts Award 2018; the Second City SCTV

Micah Paul Hinson is an American Americana singer and guitarist and recording artist for Sketchbook Records in the United Kingdom and Jade Tree Records in the United States. His debut album Micah P. Hinson and the Gospel of Progress was released in 2004 to much critical praise, he has released two EPs. The follow-up to his debut, Micah P. Hinson and the Opera Circuit, was released in 2006 and his third album, Micah P. Hinson and the Red Empire Orchestra on July 14, 2008. Hinson was born in Memphis and shortly afterwards moved with his family to West Virginia while his father completed his PhD; when Hinson was four years old his family settled in Abilene, Texas where his father had secured a professorship at Abilene Christian University. Early in Hinson's childhood his parents would listen to Neil Diamond and John Denver records and instruments such as a dulcimer and his grandmother's piano were ever-present in the house. Hinson's father bought him his first guitar when he was around 11 years old so that Hinson could perform in a fifth grade talent show.

However, it was the influence of his older brother that sparked Hinson's desire for music. Both the brothers owned guitars and Hinson's older brother became proficient on the instrument, sparking a friendly rivalry, he began his first efforts at making music around age 12 and as he entered his teenage years he began to listen to his brother's Ministry and The Cure records. By the end of high school Hinson's tastes had expanded and he felt drawn to the sounds of Sonic Youth, wolf parade and Dinosaur Jr. as well as more popular bands like Nirvana. He felt constrained by the smallness of his hometown and found escape in skateboarding and playing guitar. Around this period, Hinson met member of The Earlies, John Mark Lapham. Around this period Hinson was homeless and had drug dependencies; however he resolved to change things stating that he "had gotten away from some of the shady women and all of this a year or two before ". Hinson found employment, saved up some money and moved to Denton, beginning a college course there.

Hinson had recorded his first full demo of material, titled The Baby and the Satellite, around 2000 and Lapham offered to sign Hinson to his label on the strength of the recording. Lapham began jointly promoting The Earlies and Hinson, sending a copy of his demo along with every copy of The Earlies' material. Lapham's efforts proved fruitful as the demo garnered interest from Rough Trade Records and British-based label, Sketchbook Records; however neither company offered the young singer-songwriter a contract. Lapham remained convinced of Hinson's quality and continued to promote his work, slipping a demo of Hinson's "The Possibilities" into the running order of his BBC Radio set. Sketchbook records signed Hinson two weeks later. In the winter of 2003, Hinson recorded his debut album, Micah P. Hinson and the Gospel of Progress and arranged by The Earlies under their Names On Records guise. Hinson felt involved during the recording of the album stating that he recorded his guitar and piano while everyone else did all the work.

The music press made much of Hinson's prescription drug use at the time. Inspired by positive reviews and finishing his first full album, Hinson set about re-recording his demo of The Baby and the Satellite; the results of the new sessions of the material were released as an EP in early 2005, with a European tour in support of the material. Hinson encountered trouble with his back after a mishap whilst celebrating Burns night in his hometown in early 2005. Hinson was playfully punched in the small of his back by a friend, causing back pain, unalleviated by surgery; this caused problems with the singer's touring schedule and many dates were cancelled. In 2005, Hinson recorded a cover of "Yard of Blonde Girls" for the tribute album Dream Brother: The Songs of Tim and Jeff Buckley, he helped produce the record. In July 2006, Hinson formed The Late Cord with John Mark Lapham of the Earlies, their five track E. P, Lights from the Wheelhouse was released on the 4AD record label. Hinson released his second album, Micah P. Hinson and the Opera Circuit, in 2006.

Micah P. Hinson and the Red Empire Orchestra, Hinson's third album, was released on July 14, 2008, a tour in support of the album was announced. A new album, Micah P. Hinson and The Pioneer Sabouteurs was released in May 2010. In December 2013, Hinson released a 7" Christmas album, Wishing for a Christmas Miracle with the Micah P. Hinson Family; the album was released via the Yellow Bird Project, with all profits benefiting a children's home in Keller, Texas. On the December 8, 2007, Hinson proposed to Ashley Bryn Gregory at the end of a concert at the Union Chapel in Islington London, they have since had two children, a boy and a girl. As of December 2018 they are expecting their third child. Hinson and Gregory are both of partial Native American ancestry. Hinson had described himself as "a firm supporter of the American Dream", which he considered Barack Obama to be "the murderer" of. During a tour in Catalonia in Summer 2011, Hinson was injured in a crash when the band's van overturned, he continued performing but singing only, without playing instruments.

After extensive treatment and

Adolf von Schlagintweit was a German botanist and explorer of Central Asia. The standard author abbreviation A. Schlag. is used to indicate this individual as the author when citing a botanical name. The second of five brothers in Munich, with his brother Hermann, published a scientific study of the Alps in 1846–1848, they established their reputation with the Untersuchungen über die physikalische Geographie der Alpen, were afterwards joined by their brother Robert. In 1854, acting on the recommendation of Alexander von Humboldt, the East India Company commissioned Hermann and Robert to make scientific investigations in their territory and to study the Earth's magnetic field. For the next three years, they travelled through the Deccan up into the Himalayas and Kunlun mountains. While Hermann and Robert returned from their travels in early 1857, Adolf remained for further exploration. Suspected of being a Chinese spy without benefit of a trial, he was beheaded in Kashgar by Wali Khan, the amir of Kashgar in August.

The circumstances of his death were not known in Europe until 1859, when Chokan Valikhanov visited Kashgar disguised as a merchant, returned to the Russian Empire with the scientist's head. The return of his head provided a plot element in Rudyard Kipling's famous story "The Man Who Would Be King". In 2017 Lahore Museum Pakistan found 50 masks that Schlangintweits brothers made during their Indian research visit in 1854-58; these ethnographic masks of various Indian communities shed light on Indian ethnic diversity. Attribution This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.. "Schlagintweit". Encyclopædia Britannica. Cambridge University Press