Arthur Cayley
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Arthur Cayley was a British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics.
Arthur Cayley
Cayley–Hamilton theorem
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In linear algebra, the Cayley–Hamilton theorem states that every square matrix over a commutative ring satisfies its own characteristic equation.
Arthur Cayley, F.R.S. (1821–1895) is widely regarded as Britain's leading pure mathematician of the 19th century. Cayley in 1848 went to Dublin to attend lectures on quaternions by Hamilton, their discoverer. Later Cayley impressed him by being the second to publish work on them. Cayley stated the theorem for matrices of dimension 3 or less, and published a proof for the two-dimensional case.
Ferdinand Georg Frobenius (1849–1917), German mathematician. His main interests were elliptic functions, differential equations, and later group theory. In 1878 he gave the first full proof of the Cayley–Hamilton theorem.