Arthur I was 4th Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany between 1196 and 1203. He was the son of Duchess Constance of Brittany, born posthumously to Constance's first husband, Duke Geoffrey II. Through
Arthur as portrayed in a genealogical roll in the British Library
Arthur paying homage to Philip II of France. Chroniques de St Denis, British Library.
The Château de Falaise in Normandy, where Arthur was imprisoned by his uncle King John
Prince Arthur and Hubert de Burgh by William Frederick Yeames
John was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empir
John's parents, Henry II and Eleanor, holding court
13th-century depiction of Henry II and his legitimate children, left to right: William, Henry, Richard, Matilda, Geoffrey, Eleanor, Joan and John
Richard I (left) and Philip II Augustus at Acre during the Third Crusade