Arthur Koestler
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Arthur Koestler was an Austro-Hungarian-born author and journalist. Koestler was born in Budapest, and was educated in Austria, apart from his early school years. In 1931, Koestler joined the Communis
Koestler in 1969
Kibbutz Ein HaShofet in January 1945. Koestler is fifth from the right.
Koestler in Tel Aviv in 1949
Arthur Koestler statue in Budapest
The Information Research Department was a secret Cold War propaganda department of the British Foreign Office, created to publish anti-communist propaganda, including black propaganda, provide support
Carlton House Terrace, the original home of the Information Research Department's propaganda activities
One of the Animal Farm cartoon strips commissioned and distributed by the IRD. This example was drawn by British cartoonist Norman Pett.
St Antony's College, Oxford was home to several academics working for the IRD, including R.N. Carew Hunt (1890–1959), a wartime SIS staff member, whose overzealous publication of anti-communist propaganda attracted the attention of investigative journalists. The following investigation led to the discovery of the IRD's existence.