1.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
2.
Nebraska's 4th congressional district
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Nebraskas 4th congressional district is an obsolete district. It was created after the 1890 census and abolished after the 1960 census, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
3.
Carl Curtis
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Carl Thomas Curtis was an American politician from the U. S. state of Nebraska. He served as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives, Curtis was born on his familys farm in Kearney County, Nebraska, near the county seat of Minden. He attended public schools and later attended Nebraska Wesleyan University, where he was a member of Theta Chi and he studied law on his own and passed the bar exam. He began practicing law in Kearney County and served as the county attorney from 1931 to 1934, Curtis was elected to the House of Representatives in 1938 on an anti-Franklin D. Roosevelt and New Deal platform. He served in the House from 1939 until 1954, being reelected every two years and he was reelected three more times to six-year terms, serving from 1955 to 1979. He voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Curtis was loyal to the Republican Party, particularly supporting its anti-communist stances and fiscal conservatism, which included opposition to social programs such as the New Deal and Lyndon B. A close ally of both Barry Goldwater and Richard Nixon, Curtis served as leader during the 1964 Republican National Convention. During the investigation of allegations against Robert Baker, Curtis supposedly leaked a secret memorandum to advance his own positions. Curtis supported Nixons Vietnam War escalation policy and remained loyal to him even during the height of the Watergate scandals, Curtis served as chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1975 to 1979. Curtis died in Lincoln on January 24,2000, and is interred at Minden Cemetery in Minden, following his death, he was praised on the Senate floor in a speech delivered by Strom Thurmond, a contemporary of Curtiss who was also elected to the Senate in 1954. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
4.
Donald F. McGinley
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McGinley was a highly educated attorney with degrees from the University of Notre Dame and Georgetown University. Before practicing law, he served in the Army Air Corps during World War II and was a reporter for the Denver Register and he was admitted to the bar and began his practice in Ogallala in 1950. After returning to Nebraska, McGinley was elected to the legislature in 1954. He served a term before losing to Republican David Martin. He was a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention and the 1968 Democratic National Convention and he became a judge in the court of industrial relations in Lincoln, Nebraska from 1976 to 1980. More than two decades later, McGinley made a comeback as the running mate of Nebraska Gov. Bob Kerrey. He served as the lieutenant governor for four years and was later appointed by Gov. Ben Nelson to chair the Nebraska Selective Service Commission. He died in Lincoln on July 6,2005 and he was a member of the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Elks, the Knights of Columbus. This article incorporates facts obtained from, Lawrence Kestenbaum, The Political Graveyard United States Congress, biographical Directory of the United States Congress
5.
Plainview, Nebraska
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Plainview is a city in Pierce County, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Norfolk, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area, the population was 1,246 at the 2010 census. Plainview was platted in 1880 when the railroad was extended to that point and it took its name after Plainview, Minnesota, and from the scenic landscapes of the surrounding plains. Plainview is located at 42°21′10″N 97°47′14″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.08 square miles, all of it land. Plainview promotes itself as the Klown Kapital of the world, boasting a Klown Festival every June, the site of Plainviews first sod house is on city land, the city also has two Sears Catalog homes. The Plainview News is the only newspaper. Plainview is served by an independent telephone company, and has state-of-the-art fiber optics throughout the city, Plainview holds the distinction of being the first city in Nebraska with fiber-optic lines to every resident and business. The City Council is a council with a Mayor position. Council members serve four-year terms, with a schedule of term limits. The Mayor also recently appointed a City Administrator, Plainview was used as the fictional Hawthorne where much of the 2013 film Nebraska takes place. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,246 people,562 households, the population density was 1,153.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 656 housing units at a density of 607.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 98. 2% White,0. 3% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 2% Asian,0. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 3% of the population. 36. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 19. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age in the city was 46.7 years. 21. 7% of residents were under the age of 18,5. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,21. 2% were from 25 to 44,26. 4% were from 45 to 64, and 25. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 4% male and 51. 6% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,353 people,588 households, and 362 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,249.1 people per square mile, there were 656 housing units at an average density of 605.6 per square mile
6.
Nebraska
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Nebraska /nᵻˈbræskə/ is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. Its area is just over 77,220 sq mi with almost 1.9 million people and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River. The state is crossed by many trails and was explored by the Lewis. Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 and it is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan. Nebraska is composed of two major regions, the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains. The Dissected Till Plains is a region of rolling hills. The Great Plains occupy most of western Nebraska, characterized by treeless prairie, the state has a large agriculture sector and is a major producer of beef, pork, corn, and soybeans. Two major climatic zones are represented in Nebraska, the half of the state has a humid continental climate, and the western half. Indigenous peoples lived in the region of present-day Nebraska for thousands of years before European exploration. The historic tribes in the state included the Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, when European exploration, trade, and settlement began, both Spain and France sought to control the region. In the 1690s, Spain established trade connections with the Apaches, by 1703, France had developed a regular trade with the native peoples along the Missouri River in Nebraska, and by 1719 had signed treaties with several of these peoples. After war broke out between the two countries, Spain dispatched an expedition to Nebraska under Lieutenant General Pedro de Villasur in 1720. The party was attacked and destroyed near present-day Columbus by a force of Pawnees and Otoes. The massacre of the Villasur expedition effectively put an end to Spanish exploration of Nebraska for the remainder of the 18th century, in 1762, during the Seven Years War, France ceded the Louisiana territory to Spain. Frances withdrawal from the area left Britain and Spain competing for dominance along the Mississippi, by 1773, later that year, Mackays party built a trading post, dubbed Fort Carlos IV, near present-day Homer. In 1819, the United States established Fort Atkinson as the first U. S. Army post west of the Missouri River, the army abandoned the fort in 1827 as migration moved further west. European-American settlement did not begin in any numbers until after 1848, on May 30,1854, the US Congress created the Kansas and the Nebraska territories, divided by the Parallel 40° North, under the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The Nebraska Territory included parts of the current states of Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, the territorial capital of Nebraska was Omaha
7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
8.
Maryland
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The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
9.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
10.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
11.
Loyola University Chicago
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Loyola University Chicago is a private American Catholic research university located in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1870 by the Jesuits, today Loyola is one of the largest Catholic universities in the nation, comprising eleven colleges and schools, Loyola offers over 80 undergraduate and 140 graduate/professional programs and enrolls approximately 16,000 students total. Loyola has six campuses located across the Chicago metropolitan area, as well as a campus in Rome and guest programs in Beijing and Ho Chi Minh City. The flagship Lake Shore Campus is located along the shores of Lake Michigan in the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods of Chicago, Loyolas athletic teams, nicknamed the Ramblers, compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Missouri Valley Conference. Loyola won the 1963 NCAA mens basketball championship, and remains the school from Illinois to do so. The Ramblers are also two-time NCAA champions in mens volleyball, Loyola alumni have won Emmy, Grammy, Peabody, and Pulitzer awards, as well as Guggenheim and MacArthur fellowships. Loyola was established as St. Ignatius College on June 30,1870 by Jesuit priest and educator Fr. At that time Chicago was a smaller but rapidly growing city just shy of 300,000 people. To meet the needs of Chicago, Loyola established professional schools in law, medicine, business. The Chicago College of Dental Surgery became part of the university in 1923, a downtown campus was founded in 1914, and with it the School of Sociology. As the predecessor to the Social of Social Work it enrolled Loyolas first female students, Loyola Academy, a college prep high school, occupied Dumbach Hall on the Lake Shore Campus until it was relocated to north suburban Wilmette in 1957. The current Water Tower Campus opened in 1949, in 1962, Loyola opened a campus in Rome near the site of the 1960 Summer Olympics. The university legally separated from the Jesuits in 1970, and today is under lay control, Loyola purchased neighboring Mundelein College in 1991. Major capital campaigns since the turn of the century have greatly enhanced Loyolas academic profile, in 2005 the Loyola University Museum of Art was established on the Water Tower Campus, and the Rome campus was renamed in honor of Director Emeritus John P. Felice. The $50 million gift is the largest in Loyola history, in 2010, Loyola purchased the Resurrection Retreat Center in Woodstock, which became the schools fifth campus for retreat and ecological study. In 2012, Loyola alumnus Michael R. Quinlan donated $40 million to the business school, during this time over 200,000 square-feet of LEED-certified sustainable spaces have been built on the Lake Shore Campus alone, along with significant mixed-use developments on the Water Tower Campus. Today, Loyola ranks among the top 100 universities in the nation and she is the first female president in the history of the university. Loyolas flagship Lake Shore Campus is located along the shores of Lake Michigan in the Rogers Park and Edgewater neighborhoods on the side of Chicago
12.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
13.
Kimball, Nebraska
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Kimball is a city and county seat of Kimball County, Nebraska, United States. The population was 2,496 at the 2010 census, Kimball was originally called Antelopeville, and under the latter name was established in about 1870 when the Union Pacific Railroad was extended to that point. It was renamed in 1885 in honor of Thomas Kimball, a railroad official, Kimball is located at 41°14′1″N 103°39′34″W, in the southwestern Panhandle. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.07 square miles. Kimball declares itself as the The High Point of Nebraska, as the highest point in the state is about 33 miles from the city. Panorama Point,5,424 feet above sea level, is located at N41 degrees 00.461 minutes and it is marked by a small monument. Kimball itself is not the Nebraska town with the highest elevation, as of the census of 2010, there were 2,496 people,1,110 households, and 651 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,205.8 inhabitants per square mile, there were 1,278 housing units at an average density of 617.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 93. 8% White,0. 2% African American,1. 5% Native American,0. 4% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,1. 6% from other races, and 2. 5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7. 1% of the population,36. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 18. 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21 and the family size was 2.88. The median age in the city was 44.8 years. 23. 2% of residents were under the age of 18,7. 1% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 20% were from 25 to 44,26. 2% were from 45 to 64, and 23. 6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 8% male and 51. 2% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,559 people,1,110 households, and 700 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,665.8 people per square mile, there were 1,210 housing units at an average density of 787.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 25% White,0. 35% African American,1. 06% Native American,0. 16% Asian,0. 39% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 3. 52% of the population. 33. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 18. 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.25 and the average family size was 2.84. In the city, the population was out with 24. 1% under the age of 18,6. 1% from 18 to 24,23. 1% from 25 to 44,23. 3% from 45 to 64
14.
Unicameralism
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In government, unicameralism is the practice of having one legislative or parliamentary chamber. Thus, a parliament or unicameral legislature is a legislature which consists of one chamber or house. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multicameralism, many multicameral legislatures were created to give separate voices to different sectors of society. Multiple chambers allowed for guaranteed representation of different social classes, ethnic or regional interests, where these factors are unimportant, in unitary states with limited regional autonomy, unicameralism often prevails. Unicameral legislatures are also common in official Communist states such as the Peoples Republic of China, similarly, many formerly Communist states, such as Ukraine, Moldova and Serbia, have retained their unicameral legislatures, though others, such as Romania and Poland, adopted bicameral legislatures. Both the former Russian SFSR and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics were bicameral, the two chambers were the Soviet of Nationalities and the Soviet of the Union. The Russian Federation retained bicameralism after the dissolution of the USSR, the principal advantage of a unicameral system is more efficient lawmaking, as the legislative process is much simpler and there is no possibility of deadlock. Proponents of unicameralism have also argued that it costs, even if the number of legislators stay the same, since there are fewer institutions to maintain. There is also the risk that important sectors of society may not be adequately represented, approximately half of the worlds sovereign states are currently unicameral, including both the most populous and the least populous. Many subnational entities have unicameral legislatures, and all of the Brazilian states. In the United Kingdom, the devolved Scottish Parliament, National Assembly for Wales, Congress of Deputies of Second Spanish Republic was unicameral between 1931 and 1936. Dissolved at the end of Spanish Civil War, the actual Spanish Parliament is bicameral, Supreme Assembly of Uzbekistan was unicameral before being replaced in 2005 by the current, bicameral Supreme Assembly. National Assembly of Cameroon was unicameral before being replaced in 2013 by the current, chamber of Peoples Representative of Equatorial Guinea was unicameral before being replaced in 2013 by the current, bicameral Parliament of Equatorial Guinea. National Assembly of Kenya was the unicameral legislature before becoming the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Kenya in 2013. National Assembly of Ivory Coast was the unicameral legislature before becoming the lower house of the bicameral Parliament of Ivory Coast in 2016. Nebraskas state legislature is also unique in the sense that it is the state legislature that is entirely nonpartisan. In 1999, Governor Jesse Ventura proposed converting the Minnesota Legislature into a unicameral chamber. Although debated, the idea was never adopted, if those constitutional changes had been approved, Puerto Rico could have switched to a unicameral legislature as early as 2015
15.
Dwight Griswold
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Dwight Palmer Griswold was a politician from the U. S. state of Nebraska. He served as the 25th governor of Nebraska from 1941 to 1947, Griswold was a member of the Republican Party. Griswold was born in Harrison, Nebraska, and attended schools in Gordon. He attended the Kearney Military Academy and Nebraska Wesleyan University, Griswold received a B. A. degree from the University of Nebraska in Lincoln in 1914. Griswold served as a sergeant on the U. S. –Mexico border from 1916 to 1917. Griswold was the editor and publisher of the Gordon Journal in Gordon, Nebraska and he served in the Nebraska House of Representatives in 1920 and in the Nebraska Senate from 1925 to 1929. He was a candidate for governor in 1932,1934. He was elected governor in 1940 and reelected in 1942 and 1944, Griswold challenged Senator Hugh A. Butler in the 1946 Republican Primary, but was badly defeated. Griswold served in the Military Government of Germany in 1947 and was chief of the American mission for aid to Greece from 1947 to 1948. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1952 to complete a term scheduled to end on January 3,1955. He is interred at Fairview Cemetery in Scottsbluff, Nebraska, Griswold is a member of the Nebraska Hall of Fame. This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http and this biographical sketch is based largely on the entry in the Nebraska Blue Book,1954. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, govtrack. us Dwight Palmer Griswold entry at the National Governors Association Nebraskahistory. org Dwight Palmer Griswold entry at The Political Graveyard Dwight Griswold at Find a Grave
16.
Douglas MacArthur
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Douglas MacArthur was an American five-star general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and he received the Medal of Honor for his service in the Philippines Campaign, which made him and his father Arthur MacArthur, Jr. the first father and son to be awarded the medal. He was one of five men ever to rise to the rank of General of the Army in the US Army. During the 1914 United States occupation of Veracruz, he conducted a reconnaissance mission, in 1917, he was promoted from major to colonel and became chief of staff of the 42nd Division. From 1919 to 1922, MacArthur served as Superintendent of the U. S, Military Academy at West Point, where he attempted a series of reforms. His next assignment was in the Philippines, where in 1924 he was instrumental in quelling the Philippine Scout Mutiny, in 1925, he became the Armys youngest major general. He served on the martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell and was president of the American Olympic Committee during the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. In 1930, he became Chief of Staff of the United States Army, as such, he was involved in the expulsion of the Bonus Army protesters from Washington, D. C. in 1932, and the establishment and organization of the Civilian Conservation Corps. He retired from the US Army in 1937 to become Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines, MacArthur was recalled to active duty in 1941 as commander of United States Army Forces in the Far East. A series of disasters followed, starting with the destruction of his air forces on 8 December 1941, MacArthurs forces were soon compelled to withdraw to Bataan, where they held out until May 1942. In March 1942, MacArthur, his family and his staff left nearby Corregidor Island in PT boats and escaped to Australia, upon his arrival in Australia, MacArthur gave a speech in which he famously promised I shall return to the Philippines. For his defense of the Philippines, MacArthur was awarded the Medal of Honor, after more than two years of fighting in the Pacific, he fulfilled a promise to return to the Philippines. He officially accepted Japans surrender on 2 September 1945, aboard USS Missouri anchored in Tokyo Bay, as the effective ruler of Japan, he oversaw sweeping economic, political and social changes. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War until he was removed from command by President Harry S. Truman on 11 April 1951 and he later became Chairman of the Board of Remington Rand. A military brat, Douglas MacArthur was born 26 January 1880, at Little Rock Barracks, Little Rock, Arkansas, to Arthur MacArthur, Jr. a U. S. Army captain, Pinkney came from a prominent Norfolk, Virginia, family. Two of her brothers had fought for the South in the Civil War, Arthur and Pinky had three sons, of whom Douglas was the youngest, following Arthur III, born on 1 August 1876, and Malcolm, born on 17 October 1878. The family lived on a succession of Army posts in the American Old West, conditions were primitive, and Malcolm died of measles in 1883. In his memoir, Reminiscences, MacArthur wrote I learned to ride and shoot even before I could read or write—indeed and this time on the frontier ended in July 1889 when the family moved to Washington, D. C. where Douglas attended the Force Public School
17.
Saline water
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Saline water is water that contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts. The salt concentration is expressed in parts per thousand or parts per million. The United States Geological Survey classifies saline water in three salinity categories. Salt concentration in slightly saline water is around 1,000 to 3,000 ppm, in saline water 3,000 to 10,000 ppm. Seawater has a salinity of roughly 35,000 ppm, equivalent to 35 grams of salt per one liter of water, the saturation level is dependent on the temperature of the water. At 20 °C one milliliter of water can dissolve about 0.357 grams of salt, at boiling the amount that can be dissolved in one milliliter of water increases to about 0.391 grams or 28. 1% saline solution. Some industries make use of water, such as mining. In the United States,14 percent of all used in 2000 was saline. Almost all saline withdrawals, over 92 percent, were used by the power industry to cool electricity-generating equipment. About three percent of the saline water was used for mining and other industrial purposes. Due to their proximity to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, states near the coast make the most use of saline water, almost 40% of all saline water use in 2000 occurred in California, Florida, and Maryland. The use of water, as with freshwater, has been trending downward since a peak in 1968. But, in the period between 1950 and 1968, the use of water increased at a much higher rate than freshwater use. The thermal conductivity of seawater is 0.6 W/mK at 25 °C, brackish water Brine Media related to Saline water at Wikimedia Commons
18.
United States Department of the Interior
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The United States Department of the Interior is the United States federal executive department of the U. S. About 75% of federal land is managed by the department. The Department is administered by the United States Secretary of the Interior, the current Secretary is Ryan Zinke. The Inspector General position is vacant, with Mary Kendall serving as acting Inspector General. Despite its name, the Department of the Interior has a different role from that of the ministries of other nations. In the United States, national security and immigration functions are performed by the Department of Homeland Security primarily, the Department of the Interior has often been humorously called The Department of Everything Else because of its broad range of responsibilities. A department for domestic concern was first considered by the 1st United States Congress in 1789, the idea of a separate domestic department continued to percolate for a half-century and was supported by Presidents from James Madison to James Polk. The 1846–48 Mexican–American War gave the new steam as the responsibilities of federal government grew. Polks Secretary of the Treasury, Robert J. Walker, became a champion of creating the new department. In 1849, Walker stated in his report that several federal offices were placed in departments with which they had little to do. Walker argued that these and other bureaus should be together in a new Department of the Interior. A bill authorizing its creation of the Department passed the House of Representatives on February 15,1849, the Department was established on March 3,1849, the eve of President Zachary Taylors inauguration, when the Senate voted 31 to 25 to create the Department. Its passage was delayed by Democrats in Congress who were reluctant to create more patronage posts for the incoming Whig administration to fill, the first Secretary of the Interior was Thomas Ewing. Many of the concerns the Department originally dealt with were gradually transferred to other Departments. Other agencies became separate Departments, such as the Bureau of Agriculture, however, land and natural resource management, American Indian affairs, wildlife conservation, and territorial affairs remain the responsibilities of the Department of the Interior. As of mid-2004, the Department managed 507 million acres of surface land, energy projects on federally managed lands and offshore areas supply about 28% of the nations energy production. Within the Interior Department, the Bureau of Indian Affairs handles some federal relations with Native Americans, the current acting Assistant Secretary for Indian Affairs is Lawrence S. Roberts, an enrolled member of the Oneida Tribe in Wisconsin. Several cases have sought accounting of such funds from the departments of Interior, in addition, some Native American nations have sued the government over water-rights issues and their treaties with the US
19.
Rockville, Maryland
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Rockville is a city located in the central region of Montgomery County, Maryland. It is the county seat and is an incorporated city of Montgomery County. The 2010 census tabulated Rockvilles population at 61,209, making it the third largest incorporated city in Maryland, behind Baltimore, Rockville is the largest incorporated city in Montgomery County, Maryland, although the nearby census-designated place of Germantown is more populous. The city also has several upscale regional shopping centers and is one of the major hubs in Montgomery County. Situated in the Piedmont region and crossed by three creeks, Rockville provided an excellent refuge for semi-nomadic Native Americans as early as 8000 BC. By the first millennium BC, a few of these groups had settled down into year-round agricultural communities that exploited the native flora, including sunflowers and marsh elder. By AD1200, these groups were increasingly drawn into conflict with the Senecas and Susquehannocks who had migrated south from Pennsylvania. Within the present-day boundaries of the city, six sites have been uncovered and documented. By the year 1700, under pressure from European colonists, the majority of original inhabitants had been driven away. The indigenous population carved a path on the ground, known as Sinequa Trail. Later, the Maryland Assembly set the standard of 20 feet for main thoroughfares, in the mid-18th century, Lawrence Owen opened a small inn on the road. The location of the road, near the present Rockville Pike, was located on higher ground making it dry year-round. The first land patents in the Rockville area were obtained by Arthur Nelson between 1717 and 1735, within three decades, the first permanent buildings in what would become the center of Rockville were established on this land. Being a small, unincorporated town, early Rockville was known by a variety of names, including Owens Ordinary, Hungerfords Tavern, the first recorded mention of the settlement which would later become known as Rockville dates to the Braddock Expedition in 1755. Owens Ordinary was a small rest stop on Rock Creek Main Road, which stretched from George Town to Frederick Town, the southern portion of the county, of which Rockville was a part, was named Montgomery County. The most populous and prosperous urban center in this new county was George Town, Rockville, a small, but centrally located and well-traveled town, was chosen as the seat of the countys government. At the time, Rockville did not have a name, it was generally called Hungerfords Tavern, after being named the county seat, the village was referred to by all as Montgomery Court House. The tavern served as the county courthouse, and it held its first such proceedings on May 20,1777, in 1784, William Prather Williams, a local landowner, hired a surveyor to lay out much of the town
20.
The Political Graveyard
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The Political Graveyard is a website and database that catalogues information on more than 277,000 American political figures and political families, along with other information. The database attempts to capture very basic biographical and office-holding data for its political figures, besides where they are buried, it records dates and locations of birth and death, offices held and the applicable dates, organizational affiliations, and cause of death. It also reports their relation with other politicians listed, their political party, the name comes from the websites inclusion of the burial locations of the deceased, when known. The site was created in 1996 by Lawrence Kestenbaum, then an academic specialist at Michigan State University, Kestenbaum was formerly a county commissioner, and in 2004 was elected to be County Clerk/Register of Deeds of Washtenaw County, Michigan. The site and its underlying database were developed from a personal interest triggered by the Biographical Directory of the U. S. Congress, since then his personal research, and the information contributions of hundreds of volunteers have greatly expanded the information available. It is licensed under the Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 1.0 Creative Commons License, over the years the definition of eligible political figure has been expanded. It now includes most high officials, ambassadors, all elected and some appointed statewide officeholders. It lists unsuccessful candidates, presidential electors, and delegates to U. S. presidential nominating conventions of the political parties. Politicians are listed alphabetically, by office held or sought, and by location of birth, residence, some are listed in categories, including occupations, ethnicity, religious and organizational affiliation, honors and awards. Politicians accused of crimes or touched by scandal are listed by the nature of the accusation, as well as by decade, cause of death is broken down into dozens of categories. The site also lists political families, individuals listed on the site are linked together if their relationship meets the Rule of 1/1000 common ancestry. The sites largest cluster, with 2,134 members, is called Two Thousand Related Politicians, most of the families are subsets of this group. The largest subset family is the Huntington-Chapin-Waterman family of Connecticut, with 229 members
21.
Donald Francis McGinley
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McGinley was a highly educated attorney with degrees from the University of Notre Dame and Georgetown University. Before practicing law, he served in the Army Air Corps during World War II and was a reporter for the Denver Register and he was admitted to the bar and began his practice in Ogallala in 1950. After returning to Nebraska, McGinley was elected to the legislature in 1954. He served a term before losing to Republican David Martin. He was a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention and the 1968 Democratic National Convention and he became a judge in the court of industrial relations in Lincoln, Nebraska from 1976 to 1980. More than two decades later, McGinley made a comeback as the running mate of Nebraska Gov. Bob Kerrey. He served as the lieutenant governor for four years and was later appointed by Gov. Ben Nelson to chair the Nebraska Selective Service Commission. He died in Lincoln on July 6,2005 and he was a member of the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Elks, the Knights of Columbus. This article incorporates facts obtained from, Lawrence Kestenbaum, The Political Graveyard United States Congress, biographical Directory of the United States Congress
22.
John R. Murdock
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John Robert Murdock was a U. S. Born in Homestead near Lewistown, Missouri, Murdock attended the public schools and he graduated from State Teachers College, Kirksville, Missouri, in 1912 and received a bachelors degree at the University of Iowa in 1925. He attended graduate school at the University of Arizona and at the University of California at Berkeley and he was an elementary school teacher and principal in Missouri before he went to the University of Iowa. He was an instructor in the Normal School at Tempe, Arizona and he was then Dean of this institution from 1933 to 1937. He wrote several textbooks on history and government, Murdock was elected as a Democrat to the 75th Congress and to the seven succeeding Congresses, serving from January 3,1937 to January 3,1953. For his first six terms, he was one of two at-large congressmen from Arizona, when the state was split into two districts in 1948, Murdock was elected from the 1st District, comprising Phoenix and Maricopa County. He served as chairman of the Committee on Memorials, Committee on Irrigation and Reclamation and he was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1952 to the Eighty-third Congress, losing to Republican challenger John Jacob Rhodes. He was the first Democratic incumbent to lose a House election in the state and he was married to Myrtle Cheney Murdock, who popularized the accomplishments of Constantino Brumidi. He retired and resided in Scottsdale, Arizona and died in Phoenix and he was interred in Double Butte Cemetery, Tempe, Arizona. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress and this article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http, //bioguide. congress. gov
23.
United States House Committee on Natural Resources
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The U. S. House Committee on Natural Resources, or Natural Resources Committee is a Congressional committee of the United States House of Representatives. Originally called the Committee on Interior & Insular Affairs, the name was changed to the Natural Resources Committee in 1993, the name was shortened to the Resources Committee in 1995 by the new Chairman, Don Young. Following the Democratic takeover of the House of Representatives in 2006, Fisheries and wildlife, including research, restoration, refuges, and conservation. Forest reserves and national parks created from the public domain, forfeiture of land grants and alien ownership, including alien ownership of mineral lands. Interstate compacts relating to apportionment of waters for irrigation purposes, Native Americans generally, including the care and allotment of Native American lands and general and special measures relating to claims that are paid out of Native American funds. Insular areas of the United States generally, military parks and battlefields, national cemeteries administered by the Secretary of the Interior, parks within the District of Columbia, and the erection of monuments to the memory of individuals. Mineral land laws and claims and entries thereunder, marine affairs, including coastal zone management. Petroleum conservation on public lands and conservation of the supply in the United States. Preservation of prehistoric ruins and objects of interest on the public domain, public lands generally, including entry, easements, and grazing thereon. Relations of the United States with Native Americans and Native American tribes, in the 111th Congress, the number of subcommittees was reduced from 5 to 4. The Subcommittees on Insular Affairs and Fisheries, Wildlife and Oceans were merged into the Subcommittee on Insular Affairs, Oceans, in the 112th Congress, the number was again increased to 5, adding the Subcommittee on Indian and Alaska Native Affairs. Congressman Bishop began the process of hiring new staff and reorganized the structure as his predecessors had done
24.
Clair Engle
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Clair Engle was an American politician of the Democratic Party and a United States Senator from California. Engle was born in Bakersfield to Fred Engle, a rancher who had been a teacher and a lawyer and his parents named him after his aunt, who had assisted in his birth, and his name would become the source of many folksy stories over the years. Like his two brothers, he was active in activities as well as attended public schools in Shasta. Fellow students at Red Bluff High School elected him their student body president, in 1928, he enrolled at Chico State Teachers College, and he graduated in 1930. He then attended University of California Hastings College of the Law, although Engle had a reputation for straight-laced religiousity at both institutions, he eloped to marry his first wife, Hazel. They divorced in 1948 and Engle married his wife, Lucretia Caldwell, of San Jose. Admitted to the California bar in 1933, Engle set up a practice in Corning and he won at just 23 and held that office from 1934 to 1942. In 1942, he won election to the California Senate, representing Tehama, Glenn and Colusa Counties and his main accomplishment was passing a law to allow conversion of unused fairgrounds to house migrant farmworkers to ease a severe labor shortage. On August 31,1943, Engle was elected as a Democrat to represent Californias 2nd congressional district in the 78th Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Harry Lane Englebright. Although the district had more Republican than Democratic voters, Englebrights widow, Engle was elected to a full term in 1944 and re-elected to the following six Congresses, serving until January 3,1959. Then, the district had 18 counties in northern California, thus, Engle used his pilots license to campaign and meet with constituents. He was dubbed the flying congressman and once flew solo to his home in California from the Hybla Valley Airport in Alexandria, Virginia. In the U. S. House of Representatives he became Chairman of the U. S. House Committee on War Claims for the 79th Congress, House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs for the 84th Congress and the 85th Congress. He also became known as a key supporter of the Taft-Hartley Act, Engle won election as a Democrat to the U. S. Senate in 1958, the year of a Democratic landslide. He defeated former Governor Goodwin J. Knight, thus being the first Democrat elected to that Senate seat in the 20th century and he thus succeeded William F. Knowland, who had given up the seat in an unsuccessful run for Governor of California, losing to Pat Brown. He began his term on January 3,1959 and he worked with Senator Thomas Kuchel to pass the San Luis water project, the West Coast powertie and the Point Reyes National Seashore. He also promoted federal public assistance and civil rights legislation to assist his urban constituents. He was given permission, but was unable to speak, so a colleague presented the resolution instead, Engle officially ended his re-election campaign on April 28,1964, just four days after undergoing his second brain operation in eight months
25.
Andrew Gregg
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Andrew Gregg was an American politician. A Democratic-Republican, he served as a United States Senator for Pennsylvania from 1807 until 1813, prior to that, he served as a U. S. Andrew Gregg was born on June 10,1755, inCarlisle, Pennsylvania, Cumberland County and his father was Andrew Gregg, and his mother was Jane Scott. He married Martha Potter the daughter of Major General James Potter who was a vice president of the state of Pennsylvania. His son, Andrew Gregg, Jr. built the Andrew Gregg Homestead about 1825 and his father, also named Andrew Gregg, was a member of the Paxton Boys. During part of his service in the Senate, he served as President pro tempore, later in life, he was appointed secretary of state for Pennsylvania, in 1816, and ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Pennsylvania in 1823. Prior to his election to the United States Congress, he had served in the militia during the American Revolution and his grandsons Andrew Gregg Curtin and James Xavier McLanahan were also prominent Pennsylvania politicians. Andrew passed away May 20,1835, in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, Centre County, Pennsylvania, having lived a life of 79 years. Two Pennsylvania townships are named after Gregg, one in Centre County, biographical Directory, U. S. Congress, Gregg, Andrew, retrieved 2007-06-14
26.
John Boyle (congressman)
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John Boyle was a United States federal judge and a member of the U. S. House of Representatives. Born in Botetourt County, Virginia, near what is now Castlewood, Boyle moved with his father to Whitleys Station, Boyle was educated by private tutors and in private schools. He read law in 1797 and began practice in Lancaster. He was also the deputy counselor at law for the Court of Quarter Sessions of Kentucky in 1797, Boyle was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth U. S. Congresses. He was one of the appointed by the House in January 1804 to conduct the impeachment proceedings against John Pickering. He was chairman of the Committee on Public Land Claims in the Ninth and Tenth Congresses, Boyle was appointed Governor of the Illinois Territory in 1809, but declined the office. Boyle served as a judge of the Kentucky Court of Appeals from April 1809 to April 1810 and his tenure spanned the Old Court-New Court controversy. Boyle was officially nominated on December 13,1826, was confirmed by the United States Senate on February 12,1827 and he served until his death in his home near Danville, Kentucky in 1835. He is buried in Bellevue Cemetery there, and Boyle County, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. John Boyle at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center, history of the Sixth Circuit Allen, William B. Bradley & Gilbert
27.
Jeremiah Morrow
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Jeremiah Morrow was a Democratic-Republican Party politician from Ohio. He served as the ninth Governor of Ohio, and the last Democratic-Republican to do so, Morrow was born near Gettysburg in the Province of Pennsylvania. He was the descendant of Scots-Irish immigrants and he moved to the Northwest Territory in 1795. He lived at the mouth of the Little Miami River for a time before moving to what is now Warren County. Morrow won four full terms. He ran for the U. S. Senate in 1812 and served a term from 1813 to 1819. Morrow was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1814, in 1820, he served as one of Ohios Presidential electors for James Monroe. He won election to the governorship in 1822 and served for two two-year terms and he declined to serve a third term, instead returning to the Ohio House of Representatives and State Senate. Morrow was sent back to Washington again in 1841, and served two years in the House, but refused to be renominated in 1842, believing himself too old. After retiring from politics, Morrow returned to his farm and gristmill in Warren County, Morrow was buried in Union Cemetery in Loveland, Ohio. Morrow is the namesake of the Jeremiah Morrow Bridge, the highest bridge in Ohio, Morrow County and Morrow, Ohio are named after him. His grandson, George E. Morrow, was a professor at the University of Illinois and Iowa State University, biographical Directory of the United States Congress
28.
Samuel McKee (1774)
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Born near Lexington, Augusta County, Virginia, McKee was graduated from Liberty Hall Academy, Lexington, Virginia, in 1794. He was admitted to the bar in 1800 and commenced practice in Somerset and he served as surveyor of Pulaski County. He moved to Lancaster, Kentucky, in 1807 and continued the practice of law and he served as member of the State house of representatives 1802–1808. McKee was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the Eleventh and to the three succeeding Congresses and he served as chairman of the Committee on Public Lands. He served in the War of 1812 on the staff of General William Henry Harrison, samuel McKee was a model of imbedded oversight by the Congress of the Executive Branch in the early 19th century. As a Congressman from Kentucky, he participated in formulating, drafting and introducing in the Congress the Articles of War declaring war on Great Britain in 1812. Then, during the recess, he enlisted as a private, serving on the staff of General William Henry Harrison at, among other places. Thus, he was able to provide feedback to his Congressional allies, including Henry Clay, after the war, he resumed the practice of his profession in Lancaster. He was a political ally and close personal friend of Henry Clay. Family records indicate there was a series of letters exchanged between the three on many of the most critical political issues of the day. Although the whereabouts of those to McKee are unknown, those of his to Clay and he was a founding trustee of Centre College of Kentucky in Danville. He was interred in Frankfort Cemetery, Frankfort, Kentucky and he was married on June 25,1807 to Martha Patsy Robertson in Lancaster, Garrard County, Kentucky. Marthas brother, George Robertson, studied law under McKee, succeeded McKee in the Congress and he also declined four cabinet offers and two Supreme Court nominations. McKees brother-in-law was Robert Perkins Letcher succeeded Robertson in the US Congress, at various times in their lives each of these three lived in the same house in Lancaster, Kentucky, which became known as The House of the Three Congressmen. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress and this article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http, //bioguide. congress. gov
29.
Thomas B. Robertson
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Robertson was born near Petersburg, Virginia. After graduating from the College of William and Mary in 1795, he read law to enter the bar in 1806 and he moved to the Territory of Orleans and was appointed territorial attorney general by Governor William C. C. He was then Secretary of the Territory of Orleans from 1807 until 1812, in which year Louisiana became a state, Thomas Robertson was the states first representative in Congress. He served four terms as a Democratic-Republican, until his resignation in 1818 and he briefly returned to private practice in Louisiana at that time, where he was appointed Attorney General of Louisiana from 1819 to 1820. He was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1821, Robertson was elected Governor of Louisiana in the 1820 election and served from 1820 until his resignation in 1824. During his term as governor, factional discord between established Creole citizens and newly arriving American settlers created a political crisis, Robertson was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 26,1824, receiving his commission the same day, and serving thereafter until his death. He became ill and died while recuperating in White Sulphur Springs, Robertson had two brothers with political legacies, U. S. Representative John Robertson and Wyndham Robertson, a Governor of Virginia, Robertson Street in New Orleans is named for the former Governor. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Thomas B. Robertson at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a public domain publication of the Federal Judicial Center. State of Louisiana - Biography Thomas B. Robertson at Find a Grave Cemetery Memorial by La-Cemeteries
30.
George Poindexter
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George Poindexter was an American politician, lawyer and judge from Mississippi. Born in Virginia, he moved to the Mississippi Territory in 1802 and he served as United States Representative from the newly admitted state, was elected as Governor, and served as a United States Senator. Poindexter was born in Louisa County, Virginia in the Piedmont area and he was of French Huguenot and English ancestry. Orphaned early in life, Poindexter had an education that was even for those times. He may have been the uncle of Ohio abolitionist preacher James Preston Poindexter, whose father was Joseph Poindexter and he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1800, commencing practice in Milton, Virginia. After moving to the Mississippi Territory in 1802, Poindexter set up his law practice in Natchez and he soon became a leader in the Democratic-Republican Party and was appointed Attorney General of the Territory. Poindexter was elected as a member of the Territorial House of Representatives in 1804, poindexters outspoken opposition to the Federalist Party resulted in a duel challenge from wealthy merchant and planter Abijah Hunt. Poindexter accepted the challenge, killing Hunt in the duel, there was considerable controversy, with unsubstantiated claims made that Poindexter had fired at Hunt prematurely. Despite the controversy, Poindexter entered politics successfully, vice President Aaron Burr was arrested in 1807 for the alleged Burr conspiracy, Poindexter conducted the prosecution until Burrs escape from custody. Poindexter was elected as a delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Mississippi Territory and he was appointed as federal Judge for the Mississippi Territory, serving from 1813 to 1817. Poindexter also served as an aide to William Carroll at the decisive 1814 Battle of New Orleans during the War of 1812. Poindexter was chairman of the committee that was appointed to draft a constitution for the new state of Mississippi, after its admission in 1817, he was elected to be the states first representative in Congress. He served in the 15th Congress from 1817 to 1819, when he chaired the Committee on Public Lands, after that, he was an unsuccessful candidate for the U. S. House of Representatives in 1820 to the 17th Congress and in 1822 to the 18th Congress. In 1819 Poindexter was elected the second Governor of Mississippi by a large margin and he served from 1820 to 1822. Poindexter was appointed to the United States Senate in 1830 to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Robert H. Adams, and served from 1830 to 1835. Soon after his appointment, he learned of the distress of Martha Jefferson Randolph, whose father Thomas Jefferson. Poindexter introduced a bill to grant Randolph 50,000 acres in Virginia, the bill failed to pass the Senate, and was rejected by the two Virginia senators in 1831. Poindexter was thought to have made claims to support President Andrew Jacksons fight with the Second Bank of the United States
31.
Charles A. Wickliffe
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Charles Anderson Wickliffe was a U. S. He also served as Speaker of the Kentucky House of Representatives, the 14th Governor of Kentucky, though he consistently identified with the Whig Party, he was politically independent, and often had differences of opinion with Whig founder and fellow Kentuckian Henry Clay. Wickliffe received an education in public school and through private tutors. He studied law and was part of a club that also included future U. S. Attorney General Felix Grundy. He was elected to the Kentucky House of Representatives in 1812, a vigorous supporter of the War of 1812, he served for a brief time as aide-de-camp to two American generals in the war. In 1823, he was elected to the first of five terms in the U. S. House of Representatives. He returned to the state House in 1833, and was elected the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Kentucky in 1836, Governor James Clark died in office on October 5,1839, and Wickliffe served as governor for the remaining nine months of Clarks term. President Tyler appointed Wickliffe as Postmaster General following Wickliffes term as governor, while aboard a steamship in 1844, he was stabbed by a man who was later found to be insane. Wickliffes participation in this endeavor further distanced him from the Whigs, in 1861, Wickliffe was again elected to the U. S. House, serving a single term. He tried to avert the Civil War by serving as a delegate to both the 1861 Peace Conference and the Border States Convention, after war was declared, he sided with the Union cause. In 1863, he sought the office of governor, but federal military forces interfered with the election. Later in life, Wickliffe was crippled in a carriage accident and he died on October 31,1869, while visiting his daughter in Maryland. Charles Anderson Wickliffe was born June 8,1788, in a log cabin near Springfield and he was the youngest of the nine children born to Charles and Lydia Wickliffe. His family emigrated to Kentucky from Virginia in 1784, Wickliffe attained his early education at the local schools of Springfield, then attended Wilsons Academy in Bardstown. For a year, he received instruction from James Blythe, acting president of Transylvania University, then read law with Martin D. Hardin. In 1809, he was admitted to the bar and began practice in Bardstown and he and five other prominent lawyers of Bardstown formed a debate club called The Pleiades Club. The club included six members, Wickliffe, John Hays, Ben Chapeze, Benjamin Hardin, Felix Grundy, John Rowan and John Pope also participated in the debates, but were not members of the club. In his early life, Wickliffe was known to gamble at cards and his friends considered his gambling excessive, and two of them – Duval and Judge John Pope Oldham – devised a scheme to break Wickliffe of his habit
32.
Clement Comer Clay
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Clement Comer Clay was the eighth Governor of the U. S. state of Alabama from 1835 to 1837. An attorney, judge and politician, he also was elected to the legislature, as well as to the House of Representatives. Clay was born in Halifax County, Virginia and his father, William Clay, was an officer in the American Revolutionary War, who moved to Grainger County, Tennessee. Clay attended the schools and graduated from East Tennessee College in 1807. He was admitted to the bar in 1809 and moved to Huntsville, Alabama, Clay married Susannah Claiborne Withers on April 4,1815. They had three sons, Clement Claiborne Clay, John Withers Clay, and Hugh Lawson Clay, Clay served in the Alabama Territorial Legislature in 1817–1818. He was a court judge and served in the Alabama House of Representatives. In 1828 he was elected to the U. S. House of Representatives, serving from March 4,1829 and through re-elections until March 3,1835, in 1835 Clay was elected Governor. Clays term as governor ended early when he was appointed by the legislature to the United States Senate in 1837. In 1836, Governor Clay signed an act which chartered Spring Hill College in Mobile, Alabama. The college resulted from the strong French Catholic traditions in the city, Clay’s term in office was dominated by the Creek War of 1836 arising from resistance to Indian Removal, which had taken place in the Southeast since 1830. During Clay’s administration, the United States Army removed the Creek Indians from Southeastern Alabama under the terms of the 1832 Treaty of Cusseta, the Creek were relocated to the Indian Territory west of the Mississippi. Confrontations between Indians and white settlers occurred, during the Panic of 1837, the United States suffered a financial crisis brought on by speculative fever. This crisis caused a run on the Bank of the State of Alabama, Clay ordered the bank to provide a detailed report of its finances, but it was unable to do so. After election by the legislature, Clay served in the United States Senate from June 19,1837 until his resignation on November 15,1841. In the year after the end of the Civil War, Clement died of causes in September 1866. His wife Susanna had died earlier the same year, biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Alabama Department of Archives & History, Alabama Department of Archives & History
33.
Ratliff Boon
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Ratliff Boon was the second Governor of Indiana from September 12 to December 5,1822, taking office following the resignation of Governor Jonathan Jennings after his election to Congress. Ratliff Boon was born January 18,1781 in Franklin County, North Carolina, at a young age he moved with his parents to Warren County, Kentucky where he attended a public grade school and later apprenticed as a gunsmith in Danville, Kentucky. In 1801 he was married to Delilah Anderson, together the couple had seven children, in 1809 he moved to what is now Boon Township of Warrick County, Indiana. Boonville, the county seat, was named in his honor. At the outbreak of the War of 1812, Boon joined the Indiana Territorial militia, Warrick County was organized in 1813 and Boon was appointed by Governor Thomas Posey to the position of County Treasurer. In 1816 he was elected to the first state legislature where he served two one-year terms, during his terms, his primary accomplishment was successfully promoting legislation to divide Warrick County into three separate counties. He was elected to the senate in December 1818 but resigned after winning the election to become the second Lieutenant Governor in December 1819. Christopher Harrison had resigned his position as Lieutenant Governor after a scandal, two other men briefly competed against Boon for the position, but he defeated them in the general election,7,397 votes to his closest competitors 3,882. In 1820 the legislature passed laws to lower the wolf population, wolves had been creating havoc on the frontier. They offered a reward for wolf pelts, Boon capitalized on the new law. His success led to the repeal of the law which quickly became a drain on the states limited resources. In 1822 he was re-elected as Lieutenant Governor on a ticket with William Hendricks and his proposal was adopted by the General Assembly, which organized county governments and created three seats in the assembly to provide representation to the subjects of the census. Boon returned to the lieutenant governors office and remained in position until January 30,1824. His resignation occurred just days before Hendricks also resigned, therefore, the two resignations caused the governorship to devolve upon James B. Ray, the only Indiana Senate President-Pro-Tempore to be elevated to the position of governor, Boon was elected as a Jacksonian and served in Congress from March 4,1825 to March 3,1827. He was unsuccessful in his attempt in 1826, defeated by Thomas H. Blake who ran on an internal improvement platform which Boons party was opposed to. During the term he sat out of office, he was instrumental in establishing the Democratic Party in Indiana, up until that time, there were no formal political parties in the state, and all politicians loosely affiliated with the Democratic-Republican Party. He ran again for the office in 1828, and won and he served in Congress again from March 4,1829 to March 3,1839
34.
Zadok Casey
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Zadok Casey was an American politician who served as a U. S. Representative from Illinois from 1833 to 1843 and he founded the city of Mount Vernon around 1817. He was elected to the Illinois House of Representatives in 1822 and to the Illinois State Senate in 1826 and he served in the Twenty-third United States Congress through the Twenty-seventh United States Congress. He was a Jacksonian Democrat, and he was elected to his term as an Independent Democrat. He again served in the Illinois House from 1848 to 1852, serving as speaker in 1852, Casey Creek, a tributary of the Big Muddy River, is named in honor of Zadok Casey. Casey Middle School and Casey Avenue in Mount Vernon are also named after him, Zadok Casey was born in Greene County, Georgia. Not much is known about his early life, one story is that, as a young man, he witnessed a murder. Because he did not wish to testify, he fled to the frontier and he died in Caseyville, Illinois at age 66, and was interred at Old Union Cemetery in Mount Vernon. Caseyville, Illinois was named after Zadok Casey due to his help to finance the Mississippi, biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Perrin, History of Jefferson County, Illinois,1883
35.
Thomas Corwin
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As a senator, he opposed the Mexican-American War. The Amendment would have forbidden the Federal Government from outlawing slavery, Corwin, son of Matthias Corwin and Patience Halleck, was born in Bourbon County, Kentucky on July 29,1794. Corwins father served eleven times in the Ohio Legislature, corwins cousin Moses Bledso Corwin was a United States Congressman from Ohio, and his nephew Franklin Corwin was a United States Congressman from Illinois. Corwin moved with his parents to Lebanon, Ohio, in 1798, during the War of 1812, he served as a wagon boy in General William Henry Harrisons Army. In 1815, he study of law in the offices of Joshua Collett, He was admitted to the bar in 1817, commencing practice in Lebanon. On November 13,1822, he married Sarah Ross, sister of Thomas R. Ross, then a member of Congress, at Lebanon. As a Freemason, he served the Grand Lodge of Ohio as Grand Orator in 1821 and 1826, Deputy Grand Master in 1823 and 1827 and Grand Master in 1828. From 1822 to 1823, and in 1829, Corwin was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, known for his sharp wit, debating skills and endless campaigning, he was elected Governor in 1840, defeating incumbent Wilson Shannon. Shannon defeated Corwin in a two years later. Corwin was a Presidential elector in 1844 for the Whig Party ticket of Henry Clay, Corwin was also a member of the United States Senate, having been elected by the Ohio General Assembly as a Whig and served from March 4,1845 to July 20,1850. As a legislator he spoke seldom, but always with great ability, his most famous speech being one given on February 11,1847, opposing the Mexican-American War. Like his immediate predecessor, William M. Meredith, Corwin believed in a protective tariff, as a longtime Whig, however, Corwin was unsuccessful in passing any tariff legislation in a Congress controlled by Democrats. He retired as Secretary shortly after the end of Filmores administration, in 1857, former Ohio Governor William Bebb shot a man and was tried in 1858 for manslaughter in Winnebago County, Illinois, where he lived. Corwin and co-council Judge William Johnston obtained an acquittal with an argument of self-defense and he was again elected to the House of Representatives in 1858, this time as a Republican and a member of the 36th Congress. To that end, he sponsored a proposed Constitutional Amendment, which became known as the Corwin Amendment. The proposed amendment passed the Senate on March 2, however, only five states ratified it, and war began anyway. Thus, the initiative failed in its goal of preventing the outbreak of the American Civil War. After resigning from his post as Minister, Corwin settled in Washington, D. C. in 1864 and he is interred in Lebanon Cemetery, Lebanon, Ohio
36.
Samson Mason
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Born in Fort Ann, Washington County, New York, Mason attended the common schools in Onondaga, New York. He was admitted to the bar and practiced in Springfield, Ohio and he served as prosecuting attorney of Clark County in 1822. He served as a member of the State senate 1829-1831 and he served as president judge of the court of common pleas in 1834. Mason was elected as an Anti-Jacksonian to the Twenty-fourth Congress and reelected as a Whig to the three succeeding Congresses and he served as chairman of the Committee on Revisal and Unfinished Business. He was not a candidate for renomination, Mason was a Presidential elector in 1844 for Clay/Frelinghuysen. He served as a member of the house of representatives in 1845 and 1846. United States Attorney for Ohio 1850-1853 and he served as a delegate to the Ohio constitutional convention in 1850. He served in the state senate 1862-1864 and he served from captain to major general in the state militia. He died in Springfield, Ohio, February 1,1869 and he was interred in Ferncliff Cemetery. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Taylor, William Alexander, Taylor, Aubrey Clarence. Ohio statesmen and annals of progress, from the year 1788 to the year 1900 and this article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http, //bioguide. congress. gov
37.
John Wesley Davis
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John Wesley Davis was an American physician and Democratic politician, active in the mid-1800s. He is best known for serving as the fourth Governor of the Oregon Territory, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, Davis was born in New Holland, Pennsylvania, on April 16,1799, and later moved to Shippensburg, Pennsylvania, with his parents. Davis graduated from Baltimore Medical College in 1821, then moved to Carlisle, Indiana, in 1823 and he married Ann Hoover on November 19,1820. Davis started his career as an unsuccessful candidate for the Indiana Senate in 1828. He instead became a court judge in Indiana from 1829 to 1831. He was elected a member of the Indiana House of Representatives four times, serving terms beginning in 1831,1841,1851 and he was Speaker of the Indiana House from 1832 to 1833 and again from 1841 to 1842 and 1851 to 1852. Representative from Indiana in the 24th, 26th, 28th and 29th Congresses and was Speaker of the U. S. House in the 29th Congress, from 1848 to 1850 he was U. S. In 1852 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention from Indiana, Davis was appointed to the office of Governor of the Oregon Territory in 1853 by President Franklin Pierce. His appointment was not welcomed by Oregonians, however, and he left office just over a year later, with the returning to his predecessor. Davis died in Carlisle, Indiana on August 22,1859 and he was buried at City Cemetery in Carlisle. John Wesley Davis at Find a Grave Davis, John Wesley politicalgraveyard. com Oregon State Library – Governors of Oregon Photographs – Short biography and photograph
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.
This article incorporates 
