1.
United States House of Representatives
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The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the House are established by Article One of the United States Constitution, since its inception in 1789, all representatives are elected popularly. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435, the House is charged with the passage of federal legislation, known as bills, which, after concurrence by the Senate, are sent to the President for consideration. The presiding officer is the Speaker of the House, who is elected by the members thereof and is traditionally the leader of the controlling party. He or she and other leaders are chosen by the Democratic Caucus or the Republican Conferences. The House meets in the wing of the United States Capitol. Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was a body in which each state was equally represented. All states except Rhode Island agreed to send delegates, the issue of how to structure Congress was one of the most divisive among the founders during the Convention. The House is referred to as the house, with the Senate being the upper house. Both houses approval is necessary for the passage of legislation, the Virginia Plan drew the support of delegates from large states such as Virginia, Massachusetts, and Pennsylvania, as it called for representation based on population. The smaller states, however, favored the New Jersey Plan, the Constitution was ratified by the requisite number of states in 1788, but its implementation was set for March 4,1789. The House began work on April 1,1789, when it achieved a quorum for the first time, during the first half of the 19th century, the House was frequently in conflict with the Senate over regionally divisive issues, including slavery. The North was much more populous than the South, and therefore dominated the House of Representatives, However, the North held no such advantage in the Senate, where the equal representation of states prevailed. Regional conflict was most pronounced over the issue of slavery, One example of a provision repeatedly supported by the House but blocked by the Senate was the Wilmot Proviso, which sought to ban slavery in the land gained during the Mexican–American War. Conflict over slavery and other issues persisted until the Civil War, the war culminated in the Souths defeat and in the abolition of slavery. Because all southern senators except Andrew Johnson resigned their seats at the beginning of the war, the years of Reconstruction that followed witnessed large majorities for the Republican Party, which many Americans associated with the Unions victory in the Civil War and the ending of slavery. The Reconstruction period ended in about 1877, the ensuing era, the Democratic and the Republican Party held majorities in the House at various times. The late 19th and early 20th centuries also saw an increase in the power of the Speaker of the House
2.
Nebraska's 4th congressional district
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Nebraskas 4th congressional district is an obsolete district. It was created after the 1890 census and abolished after the 1960 census, the Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
3.
Carl Curtis
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Carl Thomas Curtis was an American politician from the U. S. state of Nebraska. He served as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives, Curtis was born on his familys farm in Kearney County, Nebraska, near the county seat of Minden. He attended public schools and later attended Nebraska Wesleyan University, where he was a member of Theta Chi and he studied law on his own and passed the bar exam. He began practicing law in Kearney County and served as the county attorney from 1931 to 1934, Curtis was elected to the House of Representatives in 1938 on an anti-Franklin D. Roosevelt and New Deal platform. He served in the House from 1939 until 1954, being reelected every two years and he was reelected three more times to six-year terms, serving from 1955 to 1979. He voted for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Curtis was loyal to the Republican Party, particularly supporting its anti-communist stances and fiscal conservatism, which included opposition to social programs such as the New Deal and Lyndon B. A close ally of both Barry Goldwater and Richard Nixon, Curtis served as leader during the 1964 Republican National Convention. During the investigation of allegations against Robert Baker, Curtis supposedly leaked a secret memorandum to advance his own positions. Curtis supported Nixons Vietnam War escalation policy and remained loyal to him even during the height of the Watergate scandals, Curtis served as chairman of the Senate Republican Conference from 1975 to 1979. Curtis died in Lincoln on January 24,2000, and is interred at Minden Cemetery in Minden, following his death, he was praised on the Senate floor in a speech delivered by Strom Thurmond, a contemporary of Curtiss who was also elected to the Senate in 1954. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
4.
Donald F. McGinley
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McGinley was a highly educated attorney with degrees from the University of Notre Dame and Georgetown University. Before practicing law, he served in the Army Air Corps during World War II and was a reporter for the Denver Register and he was admitted to the bar and began his practice in Ogallala in 1950. After returning to Nebraska, McGinley was elected to the legislature in 1954. He served a term before losing to Republican David Martin. He was a delegate to the 1964 Democratic National Convention and the 1968 Democratic National Convention and he became a judge in the court of industrial relations in Lincoln, Nebraska from 1976 to 1980. More than two decades later, McGinley made a comeback as the running mate of Nebraska Gov. Bob Kerrey. He served as the lieutenant governor for four years and was later appointed by Gov. Ben Nelson to chair the Nebraska Selective Service Commission. He died in Lincoln on July 6,2005 and he was a member of the American Legion, Veterans of Foreign Wars, the Elks, the Knights of Columbus. This article incorporates facts obtained from, Lawrence Kestenbaum, The Political Graveyard United States Congress, biographical Directory of the United States Congress
5.
Plainview, Nebraska
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Plainview is a city in Pierce County, Nebraska, United States. It is part of the Norfolk, Nebraska Micropolitan Statistical Area, the population was 1,246 at the 2010 census. Plainview was platted in 1880 when the railroad was extended to that point and it took its name after Plainview, Minnesota, and from the scenic landscapes of the surrounding plains. Plainview is located at 42°21′10″N 97°47′14″W, according to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.08 square miles, all of it land. Plainview promotes itself as the Klown Kapital of the world, boasting a Klown Festival every June, the site of Plainviews first sod house is on city land, the city also has two Sears Catalog homes. The Plainview News is the only newspaper. Plainview is served by an independent telephone company, and has state-of-the-art fiber optics throughout the city, Plainview holds the distinction of being the first city in Nebraska with fiber-optic lines to every resident and business. The City Council is a council with a Mayor position. Council members serve four-year terms, with a schedule of term limits. The Mayor also recently appointed a City Administrator, Plainview was used as the fictional Hawthorne where much of the 2013 film Nebraska takes place. As of the census of 2010, there were 1,246 people,562 households, the population density was 1,153.7 inhabitants per square mile. There were 656 housing units at a density of 607.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 98. 2% White,0. 3% African American,0. 2% Native American,0. 2% Asian,0. 6% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 3% of the population. 36. 7% of all households were made up of individuals and 19. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.79. The median age in the city was 46.7 years. 21. 7% of residents were under the age of 18,5. 4% were between the ages of 18 and 24,21. 2% were from 25 to 44,26. 4% were from 45 to 64, and 25. 4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48. 4% male and 51. 6% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 1,353 people,588 households, and 362 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,249.1 people per square mile, there were 656 housing units at an average density of 605.6 per square mile
6.
Nebraska
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Nebraska /nᵻˈbræskə/ is a state that lies in both the Great Plains and the Midwestern United States. Its area is just over 77,220 sq mi with almost 1.9 million people and its largest city is Omaha, which is on the Missouri River. The state is crossed by many trails and was explored by the Lewis. Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state of the United States in 1867 and it is the only state in the United States whose legislature is unicameral and officially nonpartisan. Nebraska is composed of two major regions, the Dissected Till Plains and the Great Plains. The Dissected Till Plains is a region of rolling hills. The Great Plains occupy most of western Nebraska, characterized by treeless prairie, the state has a large agriculture sector and is a major producer of beef, pork, corn, and soybeans. Two major climatic zones are represented in Nebraska, the half of the state has a humid continental climate, and the western half. Indigenous peoples lived in the region of present-day Nebraska for thousands of years before European exploration. The historic tribes in the state included the Omaha, Missouria, Ponca, Pawnee, Otoe, when European exploration, trade, and settlement began, both Spain and France sought to control the region. In the 1690s, Spain established trade connections with the Apaches, by 1703, France had developed a regular trade with the native peoples along the Missouri River in Nebraska, and by 1719 had signed treaties with several of these peoples. After war broke out between the two countries, Spain dispatched an expedition to Nebraska under Lieutenant General Pedro de Villasur in 1720. The party was attacked and destroyed near present-day Columbus by a force of Pawnees and Otoes. The massacre of the Villasur expedition effectively put an end to Spanish exploration of Nebraska for the remainder of the 18th century, in 1762, during the Seven Years War, France ceded the Louisiana territory to Spain. Frances withdrawal from the area left Britain and Spain competing for dominance along the Mississippi, by 1773, later that year, Mackays party built a trading post, dubbed Fort Carlos IV, near present-day Homer. In 1819, the United States established Fort Atkinson as the first U. S. Army post west of the Missouri River, the army abandoned the fort in 1827 as migration moved further west. European-American settlement did not begin in any numbers until after 1848, on May 30,1854, the US Congress created the Kansas and the Nebraska territories, divided by the Parallel 40° North, under the Kansas–Nebraska Act. The Nebraska Territory included parts of the current states of Colorado, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, the territorial capital of Nebraska was Omaha
7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
8.
Maryland
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The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.
This article incorporates 
