Arthur Schopenhauer
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Arthur Schopenhauer was a German philosopher and writer. He is known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation, which characterizes the phenomenal world as the manifestation of a blind an
Schopenhauer in 1859
Schopenhauer's birthplace house, Ul. Św. Ducha (formerly Heiliggeistgasse), Gdańsk
Schopenhauer in his youth
Schopenhauer in 1815. Portrait by Ludwig Sigismund Ruhl.
Metaphysics
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Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic nature or most fundamental structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but so
The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics, one of the foundational texts of the discipline
Immanuel Kant conceived metaphysics from the perspective of critical philosophy as the study of the principles underlying all human thought and experience.
David Hume criticizes metaphysicians for trying to gain knowledge outside the field of sensory experience.
Boethius's theory of universals influenced many subsequent metaphysicians.