Arthur Schopenhauer
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Arthur Schopenhauer, also known as the “Philosopher of Pessimism”, was a German philosopher and writer. He is known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation, which characterizes the phen
Schopenhauer in 1859
Schopenhauer's birthplace house, Ul. Św. Ducha (formerly Heiliggeistgasse), Gdańsk
Schopenhauer in his youth
Schopenhauer in 1815. Portrait by Ludwig Sigismund Ruhl.
Immanuel Kant
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Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher. Born in Königsberg in the Kingdom of Prussia, he is considered one of the central thinkers of the Enlightenment. His comprehensive and systematic works in epist
Arthur Schopenhauer
…1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the manifestation of a blind and irrational noumenal will. Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant, Schopenhauer developed an atheistic, metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism. Schopenhauer was among…
Portrait by Johann Gottlieb Becker, 1768
Kant's house in Königsberg in an 1842 painting
The philosopher David Hume by Allan Ramsay
Portrait of Kant by Johann Christoph Frisch, after Johann Gottlieb Becker, c. 1770