Artistic swimming competitions at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan featured a total of 104 athletes competing in two medal events, namely the women's duet and the women's team. The events took place in 2021 following the Games' postponement from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Synchronized swimming or artistic swimming is a sport where swimmers perform a synchronized choreographed routine, accompanied by music. The sport is governed internationally by World Aquatics. It has traditionally been a women's sport, although FINA introduced a new mixed gender duet competition that included one male swimmer in each duet at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships and LEN introduced men's individual events at the 2022 European Aquatics Championships. From 2024, men will be able to compete in the team event at the Olympics.