1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
3.
Madison Square Garden
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Madison Square Garden, often called MSG or simply The Garden, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. The Garden is used for basketball and ice hockey, as well as boxing, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown and it is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and residency to singer-songwriter Billy Joel. The Garden opened on February 11,1968, and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area and it is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. MSG is the fourth-busiest music arena in the world in terms of sales, behind The O2 Arena. At a total construction cost of approximately $1.1 billion and it is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name, Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States, two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum, Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. It was 200 feet by 485 feet, and the main hall and it had a 1, 200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968, groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9,1925. Designed by the theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard. The arena was 200 feet by 375 feet, with seating on three levels, and a capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing. Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden and it finished up in early 1969, and the site is now where One Worldwide Plaza is located. The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of a railroad station. It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E. McKee of El Paso, public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure—an outstanding example of Beaux-Arts architecture—led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
4.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
5.
RCA Records
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RCA Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. It is one of SMEs three flagship labels, alongside Columbia Records and Epic Records. The label has released multiple genres of music, including pop, rock, hip hop, R&B, blues, jazz, the companys name is derived from the initials of the labels former parent company, the Radio Corporation of America. It is the second oldest recording company in US history, after sister label Columbia Records, RCAs Canadian unit is Sonys oldest label in Canada. It was one of only two Canadian record companies to survive the Great Depression, kelly, Enrique Iglesias, Foo Fighters, Kings of Leon, Kesha, Miley Cyrus, Giorgio Moroder, Jennifer Hudson, DAngelo, Pink, Tinashe, G-Eazy, Pitbull, Zayn and Wizkid. In 1929, the Radio Corporation of America purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the worlds largest manufacturer of phonographs and phonograph records. The company then became RCA Victor but retained use of the Victor Records name on their labels until the beginning of 1946 when the labels were finally switched over to RCA Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the famous Nipper His Masters Voice trademark, in Shanghai, China, in 1931, RCA Victors British affiliate the Gramophone Company merged with the Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI. This gave RCA head David Sarnoff a seat on the EMI board, in September 1931, RCA Victor introduced the first 33⅓ rpm records sold to the public, calling them Program Transcriptions. In the depths of the Great Depression, the format was a commercial failure, during the early part of the depression, RCA made a number of attempts to produce a successful cheap label to compete with the dime store labels. The first was the short-lived Timely Tunes label in 1931 sold at Montgomery Ward, in 1932, Bluebird Records was created as a sub-label of RCA Victor. It was originally an 8-inch record with a blue label. In 1933, RCA reintroduced Bluebird and Electradisk as a standard 10-inch label, another cheap label, Sunrise, was produced. The same musical couplings were issued on all three labels and Bluebird Records still survives eight decades after Electradisk and Sunrise were discontinued, RCA also produced records for Montgomery Ward label during the 1930s. Besides manufacturing records for themselves, RCA Victor operated RCA Custom which was the leading record manufacturer for independent record labels, RCA Custom also pressed record compilations for The Readers Digest Association. RCA sold its interest in EMI in 1935, but EMI continued to distribute RCA recordings in the UK, RCA also manufactured and distributed HMV classical recordings on the RCA and HMV labels in North America. During World War II, ties between RCA and its Japanese affiliate JVC were severed, the Japanese record company is today called Victor Entertainment and is still a JVC subsidiary. From 1942 to 1944, RCA Victor was seriously impacted by the American Federation of Musicians recording ban, virtually all union musicians could not make recordings during that period
6.
He Touched Me (album)
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He Touched Me is a 1972 contemporary gospel music album by American singer and musician Elvis Presley. It earned him his second of three Grammy Awards, the album his third and final studio gospel album, and the most contemporary of the three. He Touched Me was certified Gold on March 27,1992 and Platinum on July 15,1999 by the RIAA
7.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
8.
Robert Christgau
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Robert Thomas Christgau is an American essayist, music journalist, and self-proclaimed Dean of American Rock Critics. One of the earliest professional rock critics, he spent 37 years as the music critic and senior editor for The Village Voice. He has also covered popular music for Esquire, Creem, Newsday, Playboy, Rolling Stone, Billboard, NPR, Blender, and MSN Music, and is a visiting arts teacher at New York University. Christgau is known for his terse capsule reviews, first published in his Consumer Guide columns during his tenure at The Village Voice from 1969 to 2006 and he has written three books based on those columns, along with two collections of essays. He continued writing capsule reviews in MSN Music, Cuepoint, Christgau was born in Greenwich Village and grew up in Queens, the son of a fireman. He has said he became a rock and roll fan when disc jockey Alan Freed moved to the city in 1954. After attending a school in New York City, he left New York for four years to attend Dartmouth College. While at college his musical interests turned to jazz, but he returned to rock after moving back to New York. Christgau has said that Miles Davis 1960 album Sketches of Spain initiated in him one phase of the disillusionment with jazz that resulted in my return to rock and he was deeply influenced by New Journalism writers such as Gay Talese and Tom Wolfe. My ambitions when I went into journalism were always, to an extent, literary, Christgau initially wrote short stories, before giving up fiction in 1964 to become a sportswriter, and later, a police reporter for the Newark Star-Ledger. He became a writer after a story he wrote about the death of a woman in New Jersey was published by New York magazine. He was asked to take over the dormant music column at Esquire, after Esquire discontinued the column, Christgau moved to The Village Voice in 1969, and he also worked as a college professor. In early 1972, he accepted a job as music critic for Newsday. Christgau returned to the Village Voice in 1974 as music editor and he remained there until August 2006, when he was fired shortly after the papers acquisition by New Times Media. Two months later, Christgau became an editor at Rolling Stone. Late in 2007, Christgau was fired by Rolling Stone, although he continued to work for the magazine for three months. Starting with the March 2008 issue, he joined Blender, where he was listed as senior critic for three issues and then contributing editor, Christgau had been a regular contributor to Blender before he joined Rolling Stone. He continued to write for Blender until the magazine ceased publication in March 2009, in 1987, he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the field of Folklore and Popular Culture to study the history of popular music
9.
The Rolling Stone Album Guide
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The Rolling Stone Album Guide, previously known as The Rolling Stone Record Guide, is a book that contains professional music reviews written and edited by staff members from Rolling Stone magazine. Its first edition was published in 1979 and its last in 2004, the guide can be seen at Rate Your Music, while a list of albums given a five star rating by the guide can be seen at Rocklist. net. The Rolling Stone Record Guide was the first edition of what would later become The Rolling Stone Album Guide and it was edited by Dave Marsh and John Swenson, and included contributions from 34 other music critics. It is divided into sections by musical genre and then lists artists alphabetically within their respective genres, Albums are also listed alphabetically by artist although some of the artists have their careers divided into chronological periods. Dave Marsh, in his Introduction, cites as precedents Leonard Maltins book TV Movies and he gives Phonolog and Schwanns Records & Tape Guide as raw sources of information. The first edition included black and white photographs of many of the covers of albums which received five star reviews and these titles are listed together in the Five-Star Records section, which is coincidentally five pages in length. The edition also included reviews for many artists including Lenny Bruce, Lord Buckley, Bill Cosby, The Firesign Theatre, Spike Jones. Comedy artists were listed in the catch-all section Rock, Soul, Country and Pop, which included the genres of folk, bluegrass, funk, traditional pop performers were not included, with the notable exceptions of Frank Sinatra and Nat King Cole. Included too were some artists who might now be considered as world music. Big band jazz was handled selectively, with certain band leaders omitted, many other styles of jazz did appear in the Jazz section. The book was notable for the time in the provocative, in your style of many of its reviews. For example, writing about Neil Youngs song, Down by the River and his colleague, Dave Marsh, in reviewing the three albums of the jazz fusion group Chase, gave a one-word review, Flee. Good, a record of average worth, but one that might possess considerable appeal for fans of a particular style, mediocre, a record that is artistically insubstantial, though not truly wretched. Poor, a record where even technical competence is at question or it was remarkably ill-conceived, worthless, a record that need never have been created. Reserved for the most bathetic bathwater, Dave Marsh John Swenson Billy Altman Bob Blumenthal Georgia Christgau Jean-Charles Costa Chet Flippo Russell Gersten Mikal Gilmore Alan E. Like the first edition, it was edited by Dave Marsh and it included contributions from 52 music critics and featured chronological album listings under the name of each artist. In many cases, updates from the first edition consist of short, the only difference is that in addition to a rating, the second edition employs the pilcrow mark to indicate a title that was out of print at the time the guide was published. Many records had their ratings lowered as the book now offered a revisionist slant to rocks history and it included contributions from 16 music critics and featured alphabetical album listings under the name of each artist
10.
Recording Industry Association of America
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The Recording Industry Association of America is a continental North and South American trade organization that represents the recording industry in the United States. Its members consist of record labels and distributors, which the RIAA says create, the RIAA headquarters is in Washington, D. C. The RIAA was formed in 1952 and its original mission was to administer recording copyright fees and problems, work with trade unions, and do research relating to the record industry and government regulations. Early RIAA standards included the RIAA equalization curve, the format of the record groove and the dimensions of 33 1/3 rpm,45 rpm. Since 2001, the RIAA has spent $2 to $6 million each year on lobbying in the United States, the RIAA also participates in the collective rights management of sound recordings, and it is responsible for certifying Gold and Platinum albums and singles in the United States. Cary Sherman has been the RIAAs chairman and CEO since 2011, Sherman joined the RIAA as its general counsel in 1997 and became president of the board of directors in 2001, serving in that position until being made chairman and CEO. Mitch Glazier has been the RIAAs senior executive vice president since 2011 and he served as executive vice president for public policy and industry relations from 2000 to 2011. The past RIAA chairman and CEO is Mitch Bainwol, who served from 2003 to 2011 and he left in 2011 to become president and CEO of the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers. The board of directors consists of 26 members of the board, the RIAA operates an award program for albums that sell a large number of copies. The program originally began in 1958, with a Gold Award for singles, the criterion was changed in 1975 to the number of copies sold, with albums selling 500,000 copies awarded the Gold Award. In 1976, a Platinum Award was added for one million sales, the awards are open to both RIAA members and non-members. Since 2000, the RIAA also operates a program for Latin music sales. Currently, a Disco De Oro is awarded for 30,000 units, the RIAA defines Latin music as a type of release with 51% or more of its content recorded in Spanish. In 2006, digital ringtones were added to branch of certification. In the same year, the RIAA introduced the Latin Digital Award for digital recordings in Spanish and this release format includes DVD and VHS releases, and certain live albums and compilation albums. The certification criteria is different from other styles. Gold,50,000 Platinum,100,000 Multi-Platinum,200,000 copies The RIAA opposes unauthorized sharing of its music, studies conducted since the association began its campaign against peer-to-peer file-sharing have concluded that losses incurred per download range from negligible to moderate. The association has commenced high-profile lawsuits against file sharing service providers and it has also commenced a series of lawsuits against individuals suspected of file sharing, notably college students and parents of file sharing children
11.
Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite (album)
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Despite the satellite innovation, the US did not air the concert until April 4. Aloha from Hawaii went to #1 on the Billboard album chart, the album dominated the charts, reaching #1 in both the pop and country charts in the US. Aloha from Hawaii was a two-disc set—only the second release of Presleys career. It was initially released only in sound, becoming the first album in the format to top the Billboard album chart. The album also omits Presleys brief announcement concerning the concert being presented for the benefit of the Kui Lee Cancer Fund and this is the penultimate live album that Presley released during his lifetime. The last being Elvis Recorded Live on Stage in Memphis the following year, the following tracks were recorded by Presley after the concert and inserted into the broadcast with the exception of No More, which remained unheard until 1978s Mahalo from Elvis. They were not included in the soundtrack album, but they appear on the 1998 CD reissue. Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite VPSX-6089 Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite Guide part of the The Elvis Presley Record Research Database Aloha from Hawaii via Satellite at Discogs
12.
Colonel Tom Parker
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Thomas Andrew Colonel Tom Parker was a Dutch-born American talent manager, best known as the manager of Elvis Presley. His management of Presley defined the role of masterminding talent management, Parkers healthy compensation has led some to question whether it came at the detriment of his client. While other managers took compensation in the range of 10–15 percent of earnings, Presley said of Parker, I dont think Id have ever been very big if it wasnt for him. For many years, Parker falsely claimed to have born in the United States. Parker was born in Breda, Netherlands, the seventh of 11 children in a Catholic family, as a boy, he worked as a barker at carnivals in his hometown, learning many of the skills that he would require in later life while working in the entertainment industry. At age 15, Parker moved to Rotterdam, gaining employment on the boats in the port town, at age 17, he first displayed signs of wanting to run away to America to make his fortune. A year later, with money to sustain him for a short period. During his first visit there, he traveled with a Chautauqua educative tent show, before returning briefly to the Netherlands. Alanna Nash would later write in The Colonel, her biography of him, Parker returned to America at age 20, finding work with carnivals due to his previous experience in the Netherlands. He enlisted in the United States Army, taking the name Tom Parker from the officer who interviewed him and he served two years in the 64th Coast Artillery, at Fort Shafter in Hawaii, and shortly afterwards re-enlisted at Fort Barrancas, Florida. Although Parker had served honorably before, he went AWOL this time and was charged with desertion. He was punished with solitary confinement, from which he emerged with a psychosis that led to two months in a hospital, and he was discharged from the Army due to his mental condition. Following his discharge, Parker worked at a number of jobs, including food concessions and he began to build up a list of contacts that would prove valuable in later years. In 1935, Parker married 27-year-old Marie Francis Mott and they struggled to survive through the Great Depression, working short cons and traveling the country seeking work. Parker would later claim that at times they had had to live on as little as $1 a week, Parker first became involved in the music industry as a music promoter in 1938, working with popular singer Gene Austin. Despite having sold over 86 million records since 1924 and earning over $17 million and he had wasted much of his fortune on partying, cars, mansions, and women, and his popularity had been eclipsed by new singers such as Bing Crosby. Parker, charged with the task of promoting the star, found the transition to be a smooth one, using much of his carny experience to sell tickets. He was a good promoter, but he had his sights set on management
13.
Also sprach Zarathustra (Strauss)
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Also sprach Zarathustra, Op.30 is a tone poem by Richard Strauss, composed in 1896 and inspired by Friedrich Nietzsches philosophical novel of the same name. The composer conducted its first performance on 27 November 1896 in Frankfurt, a typical performance lasts half an hour. The work has been part of the repertoire since its first performance in 1896. The initial fanfare – titled Sunrise in the program notes – became particularly well-known after its use in Stanley Kubricks 1968 film 2001. The piece is divided into nine sections played with only three definite pauses, on its first appearance, the motif is a part of the first five notes of the natural overtone series, octave, octave and fifth, two octaves, two octaves and major third. The major third is immediately changed to a third, which is the first note played in the work that is not part of the overtone series. Of Those in Backwaters begins with cellos, double-basses and organ pedal before changing into a passage for the entire section. The next two sections, Of the Great Yearning and Of Joys and Passions, both introduce motifs that are more chromatic in nature, of Science features an unusual fugue beginning at measure 201 in the double-basses and cellos, which consists of all twelve notes of the chromatic scale. The Convalescent acts as a reprise of the motif. The Dance Song features a prominent violin solo throughout the section. The end of the Song of the Night Wanderer leaves the piece half resolved, with flutes, piccolos and violins playing a B major chord. One of the major themes of the piece is the contrast between the keys of B major, representing humanity, and C major, representing the universe. Because B and C are adjacent notes, these keys are tonally dissimilar, B major uses five sharps, there are two opinions about the World riddle theme. Some sources denote the fifth/octave intervals as the World riddle motif, the ending of the composition has been described, But the riddle is not solved. The tone-poem ends enigmatically in two keys, the Nature-motif plucked softly, by the basses in its key of C—and above the woodwinds. The unsolvable end of the universe, for Strauss was not pacified by Nietzsches solution, neither C major nor B major is established as the tonic at the end of the composition. The first recording was made in 1935 with Serge Koussevitzky and the Boston Symphony Orchestra, in 1944, Strauss conducted the Vienna Philharmonic in an experimental high fidelity recording of the piece, made on a German Magnetophon tape recorder. This was later released on LP by Vanguard Records and on CD by various labels, strausss friend and colleague, Fritz Reiner, made the first stereophonic recording of the music with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in March 1954 for RCA Victor
14.
2001: A Space Odyssey (film)
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2001, A Space Odyssey is a 1968 epic science-fiction film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick. The screenplay was written by Kubrick and Arthur C, Clarke, partially inspired by Clarkes short story The Sentinel. Clarke concurrently wrote the novel 2001, A Space Odyssey, published soon after the film was released, the film follows a voyage to Jupiter with the sentient computer Hal after the discovery of a mysterious black monolith affecting human evolution. It deals with the themes of existentialism, human evolution, technology, artificial intelligence and it is noted for its scientifically accurate depiction of space flight, pioneering special effects, and ambiguous imagery. It uses sound and minimal dialogue in place of narrative techniques, the soundtrack consists of classical music such as Gayane Ballet Suite, The Blue Danube. Production was subcontracted to Kubricks production company, and care was taken that the film would be sufficiently British to qualify for subsidy from the Eady Levy, Kubrick had shot his previous two films in England and decided to settle there permanently during filming. 2001, A Space Odyssey initially received mixed reactions from critics and audiences and it was nominated for four Academy Awards and received one for its visual effects. The sequel 2010 was released in 1984, directed by Peter Hyams, Today,2001, A Space Odyssey is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made. In 1991, it was deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the United States Library of Congress, in 2010, it was named the greatest film of all time by The Moving Arts Film Journal. In an African desert millions of years ago, a tribe of ape-men is driven away from their water hole by a rival tribe and they awaken to find a featureless black monolith has appeared before them. Guided in some fashion by the monolith, they learn how to use a bone as a weapon and drive their rivals away from the water hole. Millions of years later, a Pan Am space plane carries Dr. Heywood Floyd to a station orbiting Earth for a layover on his trip to Clavius Base. After Floyd has a call with his daughter, his Soviet scientist friend. At Clavius, Floyd heads a meeting of base personnel, apologizing for the cover story. His mission is to investigate a recently found artifact buried four years ago. Floyd and others ride in a Moonbus to the artifact, an identical to the one encountered by the ape-men. Sunlight strikes the monolith and a loud high-pitched radio signal is heard, eighteen months later, the United States spacecraft Discovery One is bound for Jupiter. On board are mission pilots and scientists Dr. David Bowman and Dr. Frank Poole, most of Discoverys operations are controlled by the ships computer, HAL9000, referred to by the crew as Hal
15.
Richard Strauss
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Richard Georg Strauss was a leading German composer of the late Romantic and early modern eras. Strauss was also a prominent conductor in Western Europe and the Americas, enjoying quasi-celebrity status as his compositions became standards of orchestral and operatic repertoire. Strauss was born on 11 June 1864 in Munich, the son of Josephine and Franz Strauss, in his youth, he received a thorough musical education from his father. He wrote his first composition at the age of six and continued to write music almost until his death, during his boyhood Strauss attended orchestra rehearsals of the Munich Court Orchestra, where he received private instruction in music theory and orchestration from an assistant conductor. In 1872 he started receiving violin instruction at the Royal School of Music from Benno Walter, in 1874 Strauss heard his first Wagner operas, Lohengrin and Tannhäuser. The influence of Wagners music on Strausss style was to be profound, but at first his musically conservative father forbade him to study it. Indeed, in the Strauss household, the music of Richard Wagner was viewed with deep suspicion, in later life, Strauss said that he deeply regretted the conservative hostility to Wagners progressive works. Nevertheless, Strausss father undoubtedly had a influence on his sons developing taste. In early 1882 in Vienna he gave the first performance of his Violin Concerto in D minor, playing a piano reduction of the part himself. The same year he entered Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, where he studied philosophy and art history, Strauss learned the art of conducting by observing Bülow in rehearsal. Bülow was very fond of the man and decided that Strauss should be his successor as conductor of the Meiningen Court Orchestra when Bülow resigned in 1885. Strausss compositions at time were indebted to the style of Robert Schumann or Felix Mendelssohn. 1, Op.11, is representative of this period and is a staple of modern horn repertoire, Strauss married soprano Pauline de Ahna on 10 September 1894. She was famous for being irascible, garrulous, eccentric and outspoken, throughout his life, from his earliest songs to the final Four Last Songs of 1948, he preferred the soprano voice to all others, and all his operas contain important soprano roles. The Strausses had one son, Franz, in 1897, Franz married Alice von Grab-Hermannswörth, daughter of a Jewish industrialist, in a Roman Catholic ceremony in 1924. Franz and Alice had two sons, Richard and Christian, some of Strausss first compositions were solo instrumental and chamber works. After 1890 Strauss composed very infrequently for chamber groups, his energies being almost completely absorbed with large-scale orchestral works and operas. Four of his pieces are actually arrangements of portions of his operas, including the Daphne-Etude for solo violin and the String Sextet
16.
That's All Right
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Thats All Right is a song written and originally performed by blues singer Arthur Crudup. It is best known as the first single recorded and released by Elvis Presley, Presleys version was recorded on July 5,1954, and released on July 19,1954 with Blue Moon of Kentucky as the B-side. It is #113 on the 2010 Rolling Stone magazine list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, in July 2004, exactly 50 years after its first issuing, the song was released as a single in the United Kingdom, where it debuted and peaked at Number 3. The song was written by Arthur Big Boy Crudup, and originally recorded by him in Chicago on September 6,1946, some of the lyrics are traditional blues verses first recorded by Blind Lemon Jefferson in 1926. Crudups recording was released as a single on RCA Victor 20-2205, at the same session, he recorded a virtually identical tune with different lyrics, I Dont Know It, which was also released as a single. In early March 1949, the song was rereleased under the title, Thats All Right, Mama, Elvis Presleys version was recorded in July 1954. Its catalogue number was Sun 209, the label reads Thats All Right, and names the performers as Elvis Presley, Scotty and Bill. Arthur Crudup was credited as the composer on the label of Presleys single, an out-of-court settlement was supposed to pay Crudup an estimated $60,000 in back royalties, but never materialized. Crudup had used lines in his song that had been present in earlier blues recordings, a country music version by Marty Robbins peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1955. Black began joining in on his bass, and soon they were joined by Moore on guitar. Producer Sam Phillips, taken aback by this sudden upbeat atmosphere, blacks bass and guitars from Presley and Moore provided the instrumentation. The recording contains no drums or additional instruments, the song was produced in the style of a live recording. The following evening the trio recorded Blue Moon of Kentucky in a similar style, the recording session was Presleys fifth visit to the Sun Studio. His first two visits, the summer of 1953 and January 1954, had been private recordings, followed by two more visits in the summer of 1954, upon finishing the recording session, according to Scotty Moore, Bill Black remarked, Damn. Get that on the radio and theyll run us out of town, Sam Phillips gave copies of the record to local disc jockeys Dewey Phillips of WHBQ, Uncle Richard of WMPS, and Sleepy Eyed John Lepley of WHHM. On July 7,1954, Dewey Phillips played Thats All Right on his radio show Red. On hearing the news that Dewey was going to play his record, interest in the record was so intense that Dewey reportedly played the record 14 times and received over 40 telephone calls. Presley was persuaded to go to the station for an interview that night
17.
Proud Mary
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Proud Mary is a rock song written by John Fogerty and first recorded by his band Creedence Clearwater Revival. The song was released by Fantasy Records as a single from the second studio album, Bayou Country. The single is considered to have been released in early January 1969 although at least one source states that it came out just before Christmas 1968. The song became a hit in the United States, peaking at #2 on the Billboard Hot 100 in March 1969. In a 1969 interview, Fogerty said that he wrote it in the two days after he was discharged from the National Guard. The line Left a good job in the city was written following Fogertys discharge from the National Guard, Burke recalls, “We went to Muscle Shoals and recorded Proud Mary, which they didn’t like at all. They thought it was stupid to record a song Proud Mary, I was explaining to them that it was a very big record, but it’s a very white record, a pop record. We will redo the record, open up the doors for it to get on the r&b charts and it was a Solomon Burke record made in Muscle Shoals. We proved that we can make a hit record without Jerry Wexler eating sandwiches with us and this record was a hit without anybody’s help. Proud Mary was only promoted by Tamiko Jones and myself, John Fogerty, the songs composer, was impressed by Burkes version of his song, Two thousand miles away this man had crawled right up inside my head to learn what Proud Mary was all about. Sure, its great when someone sings your song, but when he understands it, reworked as a celebration of black consciousness, his potent mix of gospel and country – the kind that defined his earlier sides for Atlantic – and driven by a Southern funk-like strut. It returned Burke to the US R&B Top 20, with the single reaching #15 on the R&B charts, according to Burke in a 2002 interview, I was in Vegas for sixteen weeks at the Sands Hotel. I missed this record being a hit, because we weren’t there to promote the record, we had no backing. The greatest thing I ever did was tell Ike Turner, “Hey man, you should get on this record… I think you, Ike & Tina Turner first covered Proud Mary in 1970. The Turners version was rearranged by Soko Richardson and Ike Turner. After the lyrics are first sung softly by the Turners, the song is turned into a funk rock vamp with Tina. Following the original release and its success, Ike and Tina included the song in their live act. It was also performed in 1971 and 1974, the Turners performed the song on Soul Train on April 22,1972
18.
John Fogerty
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Fogerty was listed on Rolling Stone magazines list of 100 Greatest Guitarists and the list of 100 Greatest Singers. Galen Fogerty was a native of South Dakota and Lucile Fogerty was a native of Great Falls, after one year, he was enrolled in nearby Harding Grammar School. He spent summer vacations at Putah Creek, near Winters, California, after signing with the jazz label Fantasy in 1965, they became The Golliwogs and released a few singles that were largely ignored. He joined an Army Reserve unit and he served at Fort Bragg, Fort Knox, and Fort Lee. Fogerty was discharged from the Army in July 1967, in the same year, the band changed its name to Creedence Clearwater Revival. At this time, John took his brothers place as singer for the band. By 1968, things started to pick up for the band, the band released their eponymous debut album and also had their first hit single, Susie Q. Many other hit singles and albums followed, beginning with Proud Mary, Fogerty, as writer of the songs for the band, felt that his musical opinions should count for more than those of the others, leading to resentments within the band. These internal rifts, and Toms feeling that he was being taken for granted, caused Tom to leave the group in January 1971, the two other group members, bassist Stu Cook and drummer Doug Clifford, wanted a greater role in the bands future. Cook and Clifford told Fogerty that the fans would not accept Mardi Gras as a CCR LP, but he said, My voice is a unique instrument and he gave them an ultimatum, either they would do it or he would quit immediately. They accepted his ultimatum, but the album received poor reviews and it was a commercial success, however, peaking at #12 and achieving gold record status. It generated weaker sales than their previous albums, the only reunion of all four original members would be at Tom Fogertys wedding in 1980. John, Doug and Stu played a 45-minute set at their 20th class reunion in 1983, as CCR was coming to an end, Fogerty began working on a solo album of country & western covers, on which he produced, arranged, and played all of the instruments. Despite the solo nature of the recordings, however, Fogerty elected to credit the album to The Blue Ridge Rangers—a band of which he was the only member. The group released The Blue Ridge Rangers, its album, in 1973, it spun off the Top 20 hit Jambalaya. Fogerty, still using The Blue Ridge Rangers name, then released a self-penned rock & roll single, You Dont Owe Me b/w Back in the Hills. It was a flop, failing to make the Hot 100 in the U. S. Fogerty thereafter abandoned the Blue Ridge Rangers identity. In early 1974, Fogerty released Comin Down The Road—backed with the instrumental Ricochet and his second solo album, John Fogerty, was released in 1975
19.
Hoyt Axton
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Hoyt Wayne Axton was an American folk music singer-songwriter, guitarist and a film and television actor. He became prominent in the early 1960s, establishing himself on the West Coast as a singer with an earthy style. As he matured, some of his songwriting became well known throughout the world, among them were Joy to the World, The Pusher, No No Song, Greenback Dollar, Della and the Dealer and Never Been to Spain. Born in Duncan, Oklahoma, Axton spent his pre-teen years in Comanche, Oklahoma, with his brother and his mother, Mae Boren Axton, a songwriter, co-wrote the classic rock n roll song Heartbreak Hotel, which became the first major hit for Elvis Presley. Some of Hoyts own songs were later recorded by Elvis. Axtons father, John Thomas Axton, was a Naval officer stationed in Jacksonville, Florida, Axton graduated from Robert E. Lee High School in 1956 and left town after Knauers Hardware burned down on graduation night, a prank gone wrong. Axton attended Oklahoma State for a length of time before following his father. Axton served aboard the USS Ranger before pursuing a music career, after his discharge from the Navy on the West Coast, he began singing folk songs in San Francisco nightclubs. In the early 1960s he released his first folk album titled The Balladeer, which included his song Greenback Dollar, Axton released numerous albums well into the 1980s. The wild stallion Smoky gets his revenge on the evil Mr. Denton in the end by killing him for his brutal, in 1979, Axton appeared on the PBS music program Austin City Limits during Season 4. Axton had many minor singing hits of his own, such as Boney Fingers, When the Morning Comes, and 1979s Della and his vocal style featured his distinctive bass-baritone and use of characterization. Axton also sang a couple of duets with Linda Ronstadt, including Lion in Winter and When the Morning Comes. His composition Joy to the World, as performed by Three Dog Night, was No.1 on the charts for six weeks in 1971. Axton first appeared on television in a David L. Wolper ABC production of The Story of a Folksinger and he frequently appeared on Hootenanny, hosted by Jack Linkletter during this period. In 1965, he appeared in an episode of Bonanza, then followed with other TV roles over the years, as he matured, Axton specialized in playing good ol boys on television and in films. He sang the jingle Head For the Mountains in the Busch beer commercials in the 1980s, Axton also appeared in a Pizza Hut commercial in 1985. Axton struggled with addiction and several of his songs, including The Pusher, Snowblind Friend. He was a proponent of use for many years when, in February 1997, he
20.
You Don't Have to Say You Love Me
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You Dont Have to Say You Love Me was also a Top Ten hit in Ireland for Red Hurley, in Italy for Wall Street Crash, and - as En koskaan - in Finland for Kristina Hautala. 1 in Italy in March 1965, springfield obtained an acetate recording of Donaggios song, but allowed a year to go by before actively pursuing the idea of recording an English version. We wanted to go to a trendy disco so we had about an hour to write it and we wrote the chorus and then we wrote the verse in a taxi to wherever we were going. Napier-Bell was later to title his first book You Dont Have to Say You Love Me after the song, springfield recorded her vocal the next day, unhappy with the acoustics in the recording booth she eventually moved into a stairwell to record. Springfield was not satisfied with her vocal until she had recorded 47 takes, released on 25 March 1966 in the U. K. the single release of Springfields recording became a huge hit and remains one of the songs most identified with her. When Dusty died from breast cancer in March 1999, the song was featured on Now 42 as a tribute to her, the song hit No.1 in the UK, and No.4 in the US. The song proved so popular in the US that Springfields 1965 album Evrythings Coming Up Dusty was released there with a different track listing. In 2004, the made the Rolling Stone list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time at No.491. You Dont Have to Say You Love Me was recorded by Elvis Presley for his 1970 album release Thats the Way It Is from which it was issued as the second single 6 October 1970. In October 1965 Richard Anthony recorded a French rendering of Io che non vivo, Jamais je ne vivrai sans toi, which served as the title cut of an album release. In Quebec Anthonys version of Jamais je ne vivrai sans toi competed with a cover version by Margot Lefebvre with both tracks co-ranked at No.38 in the annual ranking of the top hits of 1966. A Catalan rendering of Io che non vivo entitled Jo no puc viure sense tu was a 1965 single release for Renata.26 on the Hot Latin Tracks in Billboard. Elvis Presley version List of number-one singles from the 1960s List of number-one adult contemporary singles of 1970 Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
21.
Pino Donaggio
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Giuseppe Pino Donaggio is an Italian musician, singer, and film composer. A classically-trained violinist, Donaggio is perhaps best known for his collaborations with director Brian De Palma, and for his work in both European and American genre cinema. At the age of 14, he made his debut in a Vivaldi concert for Italian radio. The discovery of rock and roll during the summer of 1959 ended Donaggios classical career when he made his debut with Paul Anka. He then began to write his own songs and established himself as one of Italys prominent singer-songwriters and he took part in the Sanremo Festival with Come sinfonia and had a string of successes including Una casa in cima al mondo. His first film was the British/Italian horror film Dont Look Now, since then he has composed music for several films, including Dario Argentos Two Evil Eyes, Trauma and Do You Like Hitchcock. He also composed the scores for several films including Piranha, Tourist Trap, The Howling. He works regularly with US director Brian De Palma, scoring De Palmas Carrie, Home Movies, Dressed to Kill, Blow Out, Body Double, Raising Cain, in 2012 he was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the World Soundtrack Academy. Pino Donaggio at the Internet Movie Database Pino Donaggio in Epdlp
22.
You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'
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Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin is a song written by Phil Spector, Barry Mann, and Cynthia Weil. It was first recorded by the Righteous Brothers in 1964, and was produced by Phil Spector and their recording is considered by some music critics to be the ultimate expression and illustration of Spectors Wall of Sound recording technique. It has also described by various music writers as one of the best records ever made. The original Righteous Brothers version was a critical and commercial success on its release and it was the fifth best selling song of 1965 in the US. It also entered the Top 10 in the UK chart on a three separate occasions. Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin has been covered successfully by numerous artists, a 1965 hit cover by Cilla Black reached number 2 in the UK Singles Chart. Dionne Warwick took her version to number 16 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1969, a 1971 duet version by singers Roberta Flack and Donny Hathaway peaked at number 30 on the Billboard R&B singles chart. Long John Baldry charted at number 2 in Australia with his 1979 remake, additionally, the song was chosen as one of the Songs of the Century by RIAA and ranked No.34 on the list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time by Rolling Stone. In 2015, the single was inducted into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress for being culturally, historically, All the songs previously produced by Spector for Philles Records featured black singers, and the Righteous Brothers would become his first white vocal group. However they had a vocal style, termed blue-eyed soul. Spector commissioned Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil to write a song for the group, taking a cue from Baby I Need Your Loving by The Four Tops that was then rising in the charts, Mann and Weil decided to write a ballad. The line youve lost that lovin feelin was originally intended to be a dummy line that would be replaced later. The form of the song is of verse-chorus-verse-chorus-bridge-chorus or ABABCB form, Mann and Weil had problems writing the bridge and the ending, and asked Spector for help. Spector experimented on the piano with a Hang On Sloopy riff that they would use to build on for the bridge. Weil recalled that, after Phil, Barry and I finished, bill Medley, who has the low voice, seemed to like the song. But it didnt seem right for us, the song, which has a very big range, was originally written at a higher key of F. To accommodate Medleys baritone voice, this was lowered, eventually down to C♯. Previous to this they would have given equal prominence in a song
23.
Barry Mann
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Barry Mann is an American songwriter, and part of a successful songwriting partnership with his wife, Cynthia Weil. He has written or co-written 53 hits in the UK and 98 in the US, Mann was born to a Jewish family on February 9,1939 in Brooklyn, New York City. His first successful song as a writer was She Say, a Top 20 chart-scoring song composed for the band the Diamonds in 1959, Mann co-wrote the song with Mike Anthony. In 1961, Mann had his greatest success to that point with I Love How You Love Me, written with Larry Kolber and a no.5 scoring single for the band the Paris Sisters. The same year, Mann himself reached the Top 40 as a performer with a novelty song co-written with Gerry Goffin, Who Put the Bomp, as of May 2009, Manns song catalog lists 635 songs. He has received 56 popular music, country, and Rhythm&Blues awards from Broadcast Music Incorporated, the song Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin, co-written with Weil and Phil Spector, was the most played song of the 20th century, with more than 14 million plays. Mann has composed songs for movies, most notably Somewhere Out There, co-written with Weil and James Horner, Somewhere Out There would win two 1987 Grammy Awards, as Song of the Year and Best Song Written for a Motion Picture or Television. Somewhere Out There was also nominated for a 1986 Oscar as best song, Manns other movie work includes the scores for I Never Sang for My Father and Muppet Treasure Island, and songs for National Lampoons Christmas Vacation and Oliver and Company. Mann co-wrote, with Dan Hill, the song Sometimes When We Touch, in 1987, Mann and Weil were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2011, they received the Johnny Mercer Award, the greatest honor from the Songwriters Hall of Fame, Mann and Weil were named among the 2010 recipients of Ahmet Ertegun Award from the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Mann and Weil now operate a company named Dyad Music. Mann married Cynthia Weil in August 1961 and they have one daughter, Dr. Jenn Mann. They reside in Beverly Hills, California, blame It on the Bossa Nova – Eydie Gorme. Brown Eyed Woman – Bill Medley, Christmas Vacation – movie title song. Coldest Night of the Year – Twice As Much featuring Vashti Bunyan, dont Know Much – Aaron Neville and Linda Ronstadt. Dont Make My Baby Blue – The Shadows, The Move, good Time Living – Three Dog Night. Heart – Kenny Chandler, Wayne Newton, Here You Come Again – Dolly Parton. Hes Sure the Boy I Love – The Crystals, how Can I Tell Her Its Over – Andy Williams
24.
Phil Spector
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He is acknowledged as one of the most influential figures in pop music history. Spectors other chart-topping singles include Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin, The Long and Winding Road, from 2007 to 2009, Spector was the subject of a trial and retrial for the 2003 murder of actress Lana Clarkson, of which he was convicted in the second degree. He is serving a sentence of 19 years to life. In 2008, The Washington Times named Spector the second greatest record producer in music history, in 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked him #63 on their list of the Greatest Artists of All Time. In their 2003 list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, they included the Spector-produced Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes, A Christmas Gift for You, according to BMI, Youve Lost That Lovin Feelin is the song that received the most US airplay in the 20th century. For co-producing Harrisons Concert for Bangladesh, Spector earned the Grammy Award for Album of the Year, in 1989, Spector was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a nonperformer. In 1997, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame, harvey Phillip Spector was born on December 26,1939 to a first-generation immigrant Jewish family in the Bronx, New York City. His father, Ben, was an ironworker from Russia with the surname Spekter, Spectors father committed suicide on April 20,1949. In 1953, his mother moved the family to Los Angeles where she found work as a seamstress, having learned to play guitar, Spector performed Rock Island Line in a talent show at Fairfax High School, where he was a student. With three friends from school, Marshall Leib, Sandy Nelson, and Annette Kleinbard, Spector formed a group. During this period, record producer Stan Ross — co-owner of Gold Star Studios in Hollywood — began to tutor Spector in record production, in 1958, the Teddy Bears recorded the Spector-penned Dont You Worry My Little Pet, which helped them secure a deal with Era Records. At their next session, they recorded another song Spector had written—this one inspired by the epitaph on Spectors fathers tombstone. Released on Eras subsidiary label, Dore Records, To Know Him Is to Love Him reached number one on Billboard Hot 100 singles chart on December 1,1958 and it was the seventh number-one single on the newly formed chart. Following the success of their debut, the signed with Imperial Records. Their next single, I Dont Need You Anymore, reached number 91 and they released several more recordings, including an album, The Teddy Bears Sing. But failed to reach the top 100 in US sales, after the split, Spectors career quickly moved from performing and songwriting to production. While recording the Teddy Bears album, Spector had met Lester Sill and his next project, the Spectors Three, was undertaken under the aegis of Sill and his partner, Lee Hazlewood. In 1960, Sill arranged for Spector to work as an apprentice to Leiber and Stoller in New York, Ronnie Crawford would become Spector’s first true recording artist and project as producer
25.
Cynthia Weil
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Cynthia Weil is a prominent American songwriter. She is famous for having written songs together with her husband Barry Mann. Weil was born in New York City, and was raised in a Conservative Jewish family. Her father was Morris Weil, a store owner and the son of Lithuanian Jewish immigrants, and her mother was Dorothy Mendez. Weil trained as an actress and dancer, but soon demonstrated an ability that led to her collaboration with Barry Mann. The couple has one daughter, Dr Jenn Mann, AKA Dr. Jenn, Weil became one of the Brill Building songwriters of the 1960s, and one of the most important writers during the emergence of rock and roll. She and her went on to create songs for many contemporary artists. As their Rock and Roll Hall of Fame biography put it, in part, Mann, epic ballads to outright rockers placed an emphasis on meaningful lyrics in their songwriting. Tackled segregation and racism, making it too controversial for the Drifters. We Gotta Get Out of This Place, became an anthem for Vietnam soldier, antiwar protesters, and young people who viewed it as an anthem of greater opportunities. In 1987, she was inducted with her husband, Mann, in 2004, Mann and Weils They Wrote That. A musical revue based on their songs, opened in New York, in it, Mann sang and Weil related stories about the songs and their personal history. Weil and Mann were named among the 2010 recipients of Ahmet Ertegun Award from the Rock, from the bottom of my heart and with the greatest humility, Ms. Weil said in her acceptance, I thought you guys would never ask. Eric Burdon of the Animals and Ronnie Spector of the Ronettes performed at the ceremony, in 2011 Mann and Weil received the Johnny Mercer Award—the highest honor from the Songwriters Hall of Fame. In 2015, Weil published her first novel, Im Glad I Did It, sweet Survivor - Peter, Paul, and Mary - written with Peter Yarrow, from the LP Reunion,1978. As of 2010, the Righteous Brothers rendition was radios most-played song of all time, audio interview with Cynthia Weil and Barry Mann on the Sodajerker on Songwriting podcast Cynthia Weil biography at Allmusic website Cynthia Weil at the Internet Movie Database
26.
Tony Joe White
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Polk Salad Annie was also recorded by Elvis Presley and Tom Jones. Tony Joe White was the youngest of seven children who grew up on a farm near Oak Grove. He first began performing music at dances, and after graduating from high school he performed in night clubs in Texas. Over the next three years, White released four singles with no success in the U. S. although Soul Francisco was a hit in France. Polk Salad Annie had been released for nine months and written off as a failure by his record label and it climbed to the Top Ten by early August, and eventually reached No. Willie and Laura Mae Jones was covered by Dusty Springfield on her album Dusty in Memphis also recorded in 1969, in 1973, White appeared in the film Catch My Soul, a rock-opera adaption of Shakespeares Othello. White played and sang four and composed seven songs for the musical, in late September 1973, White was recruited by record producer Huey Meaux to sit in on the legendary Memphis sessions that became Jerry Lee Lewiss landmark Southern Roots album. From 1976 to 1983, White released three albums, each on a different label. Trying to combine his own swamp-rock sound with the disco music at the time. In 1989, White produced one track on Tina Turners Foreign Affair album. Playing a variety of instruments on the album, he wrote four songs, including the title song. As a result of this he managed by Roger Davies, who was Turners manager at the time. The resulting album, 1991s Closer to the Truth, was a commercial success and he released two more albums for Polydor, The Path of a Decent Groove and Lake Placid Blues which was co-produced by Roger Davies. In the 1990s, White toured Germany and France with Joe Cocker and Eric Clapton, in 1996, Tina Turner released the song On Silent Wings written by White. In 2000, Hip-O Records released One Hot July in the U. S. giving White his first new major-label domestic release in 17 years. In 2004, White was the featured guest artist in an episode of the Legends Rock TV Show and Concert Series, in 2007, White released another live recording, Take Home the Swamp, as well as the compilation Introduction to Tony Joe White. Elkie Brooks recorded one of Whites songs, Out of The Rain, on July 14,2006, in Magny-Cours, France, White performed as a warm-up act for Roger Waters The Dark Side of the Moon concert. Whites album, entitled Uncovered, was released in September 2006 and featured collaborations with Mark Knopfler, Michael McDonald, Eric Clapton, the song Elements and Things from the 1969 album. Continued features prominently during the horse-racing scenes in the 2012 HBO television series Luck
27.
Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
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Lyricist Jerome Jerry Leiber and composer Mike Stoller were American songwriting and record producing partners. They found initial successes as the writers of such hit songs as Hound Dog. Leiber and Stoller wrote hits for Elvis Presley including Love Me, Jailhouse Rock, Loving You, Dont and they were sometimes credited under the pseudonym Elmo Glick. In 1964, they launched Red Bird Records with George Goldner and, focusing on the group sound. In all, Leiber and Stoller wrote or co-wrote over 70 chart hits and they were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1985 and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. After school, Stoller played piano, and Leiber worked in Nortys, a store on Fairfax Avenue. In 1950, Jimmy Witherspoon recorded and performed their first commercial song, Stollers name at birth was Michael Stoller, but he later changed it legally to Mike. Their first hit composition was Hard Times, recorded by Charles Brown, Kansas City, first recorded in 1952 by rhythm & blues singer Little Willie Littlefield, became a No.1 pop hit in 1959 for Wilbert Harrison. In 1952, the partners wrote Hound Dog for blues singer Big Mama Thornton, the 1956 Elvis Presley rock version, which was a takeoff of the adaptation that Presley picked up from Freddie Bells lounge act in Las Vegas, was a much bigger hit. Allen pronounced Presley a good sport, and the Leiber-Stoller song would be linked to Presley. Leiber and Stollers later songs often had more appropriate for pop music, and their combination of rhythm and blues with pop lyrics revolutionized pop, rock and roll. They formed Spark Records in 1953 with their mentor, Lester Sill and their songs from this period include Smokey Joes Cafe and Riot in Cell Block #9, both recorded by The Robins. The label was bought by Atlantic Records, which hired Leiber and Stoller in an innovative deal that allowed them to produce for other labels. This, in effect, made them the first independent record producers, at Atlantic, they revitalized the careers of The Drifters and wrote a number of hits for The Coasters, a spin-off of the Robins. Their songs from this period include Charlie Brown, Searchin, Yakety Yak, Stand By Me, for the Coasters alone, they wrote twenty-four songs that appeared in the US charts. In 1955, Leiber and Stoller produced a recording of their song Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots with a vocal group. Soon after, the song was recorded by Édith Piaf in a French translation titled, the European royalties from another Cheers record, Bazoom, funded a 1956 trip to Europe for Stoller and his first wife, Meryl, on which they met Piaf. Their return to New York was aboard the ill-fated SS Andrea Doria, the Stollers had to finish the journey to New York aboard another ship, the Cape Ann
28.
All Shook Up
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All Shook Up is a song recorded by Elvis Presley, published by Elvis Presley Music, and composed by Otis Blackwell. The single topped the U. S. Billboard Hot 100 on April 13,1957 and it also topped the Billboard R&B chart for four weeks, becoming Presleys second single to do so, and peaked at No.3 on the country chart. It is certified 2X Platinum by the RIAA and it was ranked #352 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. According to Peter Guralnick the song has a different origin, in his book Last Train To Memphis he wrote that Elvis thought All Shook Up was a good phrase for a refrain. For this he received a credit, his last. Elvis himself, during an interview on October 28,1957, said, I went to bed one night, had quite a dream, and woke up all shook up. I phoned a pal and told him about it, by morning, he had a new song, All Shook Up. Future Last House on the Left actor David Hess, using the stage name David Hill, was the first to record the song and release it a few weeks before Elvis on Aladdin Records, titled Im All Shook Up. Vicki Young recorded a different song with the title, All Shook Up, on Capitol Records with Big Dave and His Orchestra, written by Bill Bellman. On January 12,1957, Presley recorded the song at Radio Recorders in Hollywood, the duet vocal on the record is by the Jordanaires first tenor Gordon Stoker. Take 10 was selected for release, and in March the song entered Billboards Top 100 chart at #25, within three weeks it had knocked Perry Comos Round and Round off the top spot, and stayed there for eight consecutive weeks. The song also became Presleys first No. hit on the UK Singles Chart, sales of the single exceeded two million, and the song was named Billboards Year End number one song for 1957. According to biographer Mark Lewisohn in The Complete Beatles Chronicle, The Beatles regularly performed the song, sadly, there is no known recorded version from that time. However Quarryman Len Garry states that it was one of the songs the group played on July 6,1957, the day John Lennon met Paul McCartney, author Doug Sulpy adds that on Jan. That version of the song remains officially unreleased, in 1999 Paul McCartney cut a hard-rocking version on the album Run Devil Run, while his surviving former bandmates of The Quarrymen recorded it in 2004 on Songs We Remember. In 1991, Billy Joel recorded the song for the movie Honeymoon in Vegas and it was released as a single and peaked at No.92 in the US and No.27 in the UK. Suzi Quatro recorded the song for her solo album Suzi Quatro in 1973. Her recording of the song was released as a single in 1974, Presley invited Quatro to Graceland, commenting that her version was the best since the original
29.
Heartbreak Hotel
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Heartbreak Hotel is a song recorded by American singer Elvis Presley. It was released as a single on January 27,1956 and it was written by Tommy Durden, Mae Boren Axton, and Elvis Presley. A newspaper article about the suicide of a man who jumped from a hotel window inspired the lyrics. Axton presented the song to Presley in November 1955 at a music convention in Nashville. Presley agreed to record it, and did so on January 10,1956, in a session with his band, the Blue Moon Boys, the guitarist Chet Atkins, and the pianist Floyd Cramer. Heartbreak Hotel comprises an eight-bar blues progression, with heavy reverberation throughout the track, Heartbreak Hotel achieved unheard of feats as it reached the top 5 of Country and Western, pop, and Rhythm n Blues charts simultaneously. It would eventually be certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America. It became a staple of Presleys repertoire in live appearances, last performed by him on May 29,1977, at the Civic Center in Baltimore, Maryland. In 1995 Heartbreak Hotel was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame and that year it was also included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fames 500 Songs that Shaped Rock and Roll. The song was written in 1955, by Mae Boren Axton, a school teacher with a background in musical promotion. Kroliks story was published in media, and received further publicity after he was shot and killed in an attempted robbery in El Paso. On August 25,1955, the El Paso Times reported Kroliks death under the headline Story Of Person Who Walked Lonely Street, Axton and Durden give different accounts of how the song was written. Durdens account is that he had written the song and performed it with his band the Swing Billys before he presented it to Axton. Axtons account is that Durden had only written a few lines of the song and she says that the report of the suicide stunned her, and she told Durden, Everybody in the world has someone who cares. Lets put a Heartbreak Hotel at the end of this lonely street and they were interrupted by the arrival of Glenn Reeves, a local performer who had previously worked with Axton. The duo asked Reeves to help with the song, but after hearing the title he remarked that it was the silliest thing Ive ever heard, the song was written within an hour, and Durden recorded it onto Axtons tape recorder. Reeves returned, and after hearing the song he was asked to provide a demo for Axton in the style of Elvis Presley. Reeves obliged, but once again turned down the offer of a credit for his input
30.
Mae Boren Axton
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Mae Boren Axton was known in the music industry as the Queen Mother of Nashville. She co-wrote the Elvis Presley hit single Heartbreak Hotel with Tommy Durden and she worked with Mel Tillis, Reba McEntire, Willie Nelson, Eddy Arnold, Tanya Tucker, Johnny Tillotson, and Blake Shelton. Mae Boren was born in Texas to Mark L. and Nannie Boren, the only daughter out of nine children, she was the sister of United States Congressman Lyle Boren. When Boren was two years old the family moved to Oklahoma and she attended East Central State College and the University of Oklahoma, where she earned a bachelors degree in journalism. She obtained a teaching certificate and taught English and journalism at schools throughout Oklahoma. Boren married John T. Axton, an officer in the US Navy, the family lived in Comanche, Oklahoma during the childrens pre-teen years. In 1949, Axton was stationed in Jacksonville, Florida and the family moved there, Boren taught English at Dupont High School. Boren is credited with writing approximately 200 songs, skid Row a song recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis is perhaps her most famous song after Heartbreak Hotel. Boren was the link between Elvis Presley and RCA Victor and she introduced a 19-year-old Presley to Colonel Tom Parker after a performance in Jacksonville, FL. She worked on behalf of Bob Neal to promote Presley and pressured RCA Victors Nashville division head Stephen H. Sholes to sign Presley, in 1955 Boren co-wrote the Elvis Presley hit-song Heartbreak Hotel with Tommy Durden. Durden presented the idea to Mae Axton, from an article he had read about a man who had killed himself. It was Boren who suggested there be a Heartbreak Hotel at the end of the mans lonely street thus creating Elvis first #1 record and one of rock n rolls greatest hits. In 1997 at the age of 82, Mae drowned in her hot tub at her home in Hendersonville, Tennessee, country Singers as I Know Em. Mae Boren Axton from Black Cat Rockabilly Europe Obituary from The Independent Oklahoma Womens Hall of Fame Oral History Project -- OSU Library
31.
Tommy Durden
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Thomas Russell Tommy Durden was an American steel guitarist and songwriter, who is most notable for co-writing Elvis Presleys breakthrough hit, Heartbreak Hotel. He was born in Morgan County, Georgia, the son of a sharecropper, the family later moved to Jacksonville, Florida, where he learned slide guitar and later steel guitar. He performed with the Westernaires as steel guitarist, and in the early 1950s, after moving to Gainesville, joined country band Smilin Jack Herring, the bands other members were Herring, Pee Wee Jenkins, and Bob Chisolm. Another account from an owner has it that Durden had written the song in its entirety months previous and had already been performing it onstage. In any case, the song was recorded as a demo by Reeves who had a singing voice. Axton had promised to write a song for Elvis Presley and presented Presley with the demo at a 1955 disc jockey convention in Nashville. Presley liked the song, and he and Parker, his manager, agreed that he should record it so long as he was given a co-writing credit, Heartbreak Hotel eventually became Presleys first record on RCA Records and his first number one hit. Although Durden continued to write songs with Axton and Reeves, including Honey Bop which was recorded by Wanda Jackson in 1960 and he later performed as steel guitarist for Tex Ritter, Johnny Cash and Johnny Tillotson. He moved to live in Houghton Lake, Michigan, and worked as a commercial dishwasher repairman until retiring in the early 1980s, in later years he recorded two albums, Moods, which included a version of Heartbreak Hotel, and I Believe. He was inducted into the Michigan Country Music Hall of Fame in 1994 and he died in Houghton Lake, Michigan in 1999 at the age of 79
32.
(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear
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Teddy Bear is a popular song first recorded by Elvis Presley in 1957 for the soundtrack of his second motion picture, Loving You, during which Presley performs the song on screen. It was written by Kal Mann and Bernie Lowe and published in 1957 by Gladys Music, clear melodic roots of this tune can be heard in the many early recordings of Boll Weevil, a traditional blues song. The song was a US number-one hit for Elvis Presley during the summer of 1957, staying at number-one for seven weeks, teddy Bear would also hit number one on the R&B Best Sellers List, becoming his fourth number one on that chart. In addition the song would hit one on the country charts for a single week. Elvis Presley – lead vocal, acoustic guitar Dudley Brooks – piano Bill Black – double bass D. J, fontana – drums The Jordanaires – backing vocals Walter Scharf – producer Thorne Nogar – engineer Pat Boone on his LP Pat Boone Sings Guess Who. Also, during episodes of Full House, the three main adult characters would often sing the song as a lullaby for Michelle Tanner. Disney featured a video in the special DTV Romancin, set entirely to clips featuring the bear characters from the companys animated films
33.
Don't Be Cruel
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Dont Be Cruel is a song recorded by Elvis Presley and written by Otis Blackwell and Elvis Presley in 1956. It was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2002, in 2004, it was listed #197 in Rolling Stones list of 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. The song is ranked as the 173rd greatest song of all time, as well as the sixth best song of 1956. Dont Be Cruel was the first song that Presleys song publishers, Hill and Range, Blackwell was more than happy to give up 50% of the royalties and a co-writing credit to Presley to ensure that the hottest new singer around covered it. Freddy Bienstock, Elvis Music Publisher, gave the explanation for why Elvis received co-writing credit for songs like Dont Be Cruel. In the early days Elvis would show dissatisfaction with some lines and he would make alterations and his name did not appear after the first year. But if Elvis liked the song, the writers would be offered a guarantee of a million records, Presley recorded the song on July 2,1956 during an exhaustive recording session at RCA studios in New York City. During this session he also recorded Hound Dog, and Any Way You Want Me, the song featured Presleys regular band of Scotty Moore on lead guitar, Bill Black on bass, D. J. Fontana on drums, and backing vocals from the Jordanaires. The producing credit was given to RCAs Stephen H and he also ran through 31 takes of Hound Dog. The single was released on July 13,1956 backed with Hound Dog, within a few weeks Hound Dog had risen to #2 on the Pop charts with sales of over one million. Soon after it was overtaken by Dont Be Cruel which took #1 on all three charts, Pop, Country, and R n B. By the end of 1956 it had sold in excess of four million copies, Billboard ranked it as the No.2 song for 1956. Presley performed Dont Be Cruel during all three of his appearances on The Ed Sullivan Show in September 1956 and January 1957, Dont Be Cruel went on to become Presleys biggest selling single recorded in 1956, with sales over six million by 1961. It became a feature of his live sets until his death in 1977. According to author Mark Lewisohn in The Complete Beatles Chronicles The Beatles performed it live from at least 1959 till 1961 if not later, No recording from then is known to survive. They finally recorded a version during the massive 1969 Get Back sessions which has never been released. However ex-Beatles John Lennon, Ringo Starr, Pete Best, Presley was said to be so impressed with Wilsons version that he would later incorporate many of Wilsons mannerisms into future performances. Debbie Harry recorded the song for the Otis Blackwell tribute album Brace Yourself, a cover by American country music duo The Judds peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in 1987
