1.
Cities of Japan
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A city is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the level as towns and villages. Like other contemporary administrative units, they are defined by the Local Autonomy Law of 1947, a city can theoretically be demoted to a town or village when it fails to meet any of these conditions, but such a demotion has not happened to date. The least populous city, Utashinai, Hokkaido, has a population of six thousand, while a town in the prefecture, Otofuke. Many municipalities gained city status under this eased standard, the Cabinet of Japan can designate cities of at least 200,000 inhabitants to have the status of special city, core city, or designated city. These statuses expand the scope of authority delegated from the prefectural government to the city government. Tokyo, Japan’s capital, existed as a city until 1943, the 23 special wards of Tokyo, which constitute the core of the Tokyo metropolitan area, each have an administrative status analogous to that of cities. Tokyo also has several other incorporated cities, towns and villages within its jurisdiction. J, jacobs at Urban Studies Research, Vol.2011, doi,10. 1155/2011/692764 Large City System of Japan, graphic shows Japanese city types at p.1
2.
Saitama Prefecture
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Saitama Prefecture is a landlocked prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region of the island of Honshu. The capital is the city of Saitama and this prefecture is part of the Greater Tokyo Area, and most of Saitamas cities can be described as suburbs of Tokyo, to which a large number of residents commute each day. According to Sendai Kuji Hongi, Chichibu was one of 137 provinces during the reign of Emperor Sujin, Chichibu Province was in Saitamas western part. Saitama Prefecture was formerly part of the old Musashi Province, in the fifth year of the Keiun era, deposits of copper were reported to have been found in the Chichibu District of what is now Saitama Prefecture. The Saitama area was known as a fertile agricultural region which produced much of the food for the Kantō region. During the Edo period, many fudai daimyōs ruled small domains within the Saitama area, most of the cities in the prefecture are closely connected to downtown Tokyo by metropolitan rail, and operate largely as residential and commercial suburbs of Tokyo. Saitama Prefecture is bordered by Tokyo, Chiba, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Nagano and it is located central-west of the Kanto region, measuring 103 km from east to west and 52 km from north to south. At 3,798 km2, it ranks as the ninth-smallest prefecture, the eastern border with Chiba Prefecture is defined by the Edo River. The northern and north-western border lines with Gunma Prefecture are marked by the Tone River and the Kanagawa River, the southwestern border is defined by the drainage divides of the Arakawa River, Tama River, and Fuefuki River. The eastern section of the border line, however, does not overlap with any geological feature. The topography of Saitama Prefecture is largely divided by the Hachiōji Tectonic Line, which runs through Kodama, Ogawa, and Hannō, into the mountain area. The altitude, highest on the side, gradually lowers eastward from mountain ranges to hills to plateaus to lowlands. The eastern lowlands and plateaus occupy 67. 3% of the area, the eastern side, part of the Kantō Plain, can be further divided into nine separate expanses of hills and ten plateaus. The former occupy small areas neighboring the Kantō Mount Range, including the Hiki Hills, the latter are mainly surrounded by alluvial flood plains. In the southeastern portion of the prefecture, the Ōmiya Plateau stands in a direction, sandwiched by the Furutone River to the east. The western side of the prefecture belongs to the Kantō Mountain Range with Chichibu Basin located in its center, the area to the west of the basin features high peaks such as Mount Sanpō and Mount Kōbushi, in which the Arakawa River has its source. Most of the land is contained in Chichibu Tama Kai National Park, the area to east of the basin consists of relatively low mountains. Forty cities are located in Saitama Prefecture, These are the towns and villages in district, Radial transportation to
3.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
4.
Japan
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Japan is a sovereign island nation in Eastern Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asia Mainland and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea, the kanji that make up Japans name mean sun origin. 日 can be read as ni and means sun while 本 can be read as hon, or pon, Japan is often referred to by the famous epithet Land of the Rising Sun in reference to its Japanese name. Japan is an archipelago consisting of about 6,852 islands. The four largest are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu and Shikoku, the country is divided into 47 prefectures in eight regions. Hokkaido being the northernmost prefecture and Okinawa being the southernmost one, the population of 127 million is the worlds tenth largest. Japanese people make up 98. 5% of Japans total population, approximately 9.1 million people live in the city of Tokyo, the capital of Japan. Archaeological research indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period, the first written mention of Japan is in Chinese history texts from the 1st century AD. Influence from other regions, mainly China, followed by periods of isolation, from the 12th century until 1868, Japan was ruled by successive feudal military shoguns who ruled in the name of the Emperor. Japan entered into a period of isolation in the early 17th century. The Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937 expanded into part of World War II in 1941, which came to an end in 1945 following the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan is a member of the UN, the OECD, the G7, the G8, the country has the worlds third-largest economy by nominal GDP and the worlds fourth-largest economy by purchasing power parity. It is also the worlds fourth-largest exporter and fourth-largest importer, although Japan has officially renounced its right to declare war, it maintains a modern military with the worlds eighth-largest military budget, used for self-defense and peacekeeping roles. Japan is a country with a very high standard of living. Its population enjoys the highest life expectancy and the third lowest infant mortality rate in the world, in ancient China, Japan was called Wo 倭. It was mentioned in the third century Chinese historical text Records of the Three Kingdoms in the section for the Wei kingdom, Wa became disliked because it has the connotation of the character 矮, meaning dwarf. The 倭 kanji has been replaced with the homophone Wa, meaning harmony, the Japanese word for Japan is 日本, which is pronounced Nippon or Nihon and literally means the origin of the sun. The earliest record of the name Nihon appears in the Chinese historical records of the Tang dynasty, at the start of the seventh century, a delegation from Japan introduced their country as Nihon
5.
Prefectures of Japan
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The Prefectures of Japan consist of 47 prefectures. They form the first level of jurisdiction and administrative division of Japan and they consist of 43 prefectures proper, two urban prefectures, one circuit or territory and one metropolis. The Meiji Fuhanken sanchisei administration created the first prefectures to replace the provinces of Japan in 1868, each prefectures chief executive is a directly-elected governor. Ordinances and budgets are enacted by an assembly whose members are elected for four-year terms. Under the current Local Autonomy Law, each prefecture is subdivided into cities and districts and each district into towns, for example, Hokkaido has 14 subprefectures that act as branch offices of the prefecture. Some other prefectures also have offices that carry out prefectural administrative functions outside the capital. Tokyo, the capital of Japan, is a merged city-prefecture, the Wests use of prefecture to label these Japanese regions stems from 16th-century Portuguese explorers and traders use of prefeitura to describe the fiefdoms they encountered there. Its original sense in Portuguese, however, was closer to municipality than province and those fiefs were headed by a local warlord or family. Though the fiefs have long since been dismantled, merged, and reorganized multiple times, and been granted legislative governance and oversight, the Meiji government established the current system in July 1871 with the abolition of the Han system and establishment of the prefecture system. Although there were initially over 300 prefectures, many of them being former Han territories, this number was reduced to 72 in the part of 1871. The Local Autonomy Law of 1947 gave more power to prefectures. In 2003, then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi proposed that the government consolidate the current prefectures into about 10 regional states, the plan called for each region to have greater autonomy than existing prefectures. This process would reduce the number of administrative regions and cut administrative costs. As of August 2012, no reorganization has been scheduled, the central government delegates many functions to the prefectures and municipalities, but retains the overall right to control them. Although local government expenditure accounts for 70 percent of government expenditure, the central government controls local budgets, tax rates. Historically, during the Edo period, the Tokugawa shogunate established bugyō-ruled zones around the nine largest cities in Japan, and 302 township-ruled zones elsewhere. When the Meiji government began to create the system in 1868, the nine bugyō-ruled zones became fu, while the township-ruled zones. Later, in 1871, the government designated Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto as fu, during World War II, in 1943, Tokyo became a to, a new type of pseudo-prefecture
6.
Japan Standard Time
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Japan Standard Time or JST is the standard timezone in Japan, and is 9 hours ahead of UTC, i. e. it is UTC+09,00. There is no daylight saving time, though its introduction has been debated several times, during World War II, it was often called Tokyo Standard Time. Japan Standard Time is the same as Korean Standard Time, Indonesian Eastern Standard Time, before the Meiji era, each local region had its own timezone in which noon was when the sun was exactly at its zenith. As modern transportation methods, such as trains, were adopted, in 1886, Ordinance 51 was issued in response to this problem, which stated, Ordinance 51 - July 13,1886 The prime meridian passes through Englands Greenwich Observatory. Longitudes are calculated using the prime meridian, counting 180 degrees either east or west, positive degrees are east, negative degrees are west. On January 1,1888,135 degrees east longitude will be set as the meridian for all of Japan. According to this, the time was set 9 hours ahead of GMT. In the ordinance, the first clause mentions GMT, the second defines east longitude and west longitude, the city of Akashi in Hyōgo Prefecture is located exactly on 135 degrees east longitude and subsequently became known as Toki no machi. While Korea came under Japanese rule in 1910, Korea Standard Time of UTC+8,30 continued to be used until 1912, when it was changed to Central Standard Time. Western Standard Time, which was used in Taiwan and some parts of Okinawa, was abolished by Ordinance 529 in 1937 and replaced by Central Standard Time in those areas. Territories occupied by Japan during World War II, including Singapore and Malaya, adopted Japan Standard Time for the duration of their occupation, more recently there have been efforts to bring back DST in Japan, but so far this has not happened. The two-time-zone system was implemented in Japan between January 1896 and September 1937, From October 1937, Central Standard Time was also used in western Okinawa, the IANA time zone database contains one zone for Japan in the file zone. tab, named Asia/Tokyo. From 1948–51, Japan observed DST between May and September every year under an initiative of the U. S. -led occupation army, since then, DST has never been officially implemented nationwide in Japan. Starting in the late 1990s, a movement to reinstate DST in Japan gained some popularity, aiming at saving energy, in the early 2000s, a few local governments and commerce departments promoted unmandated hour-earlier work schedule experiments during the summer without officially resetting clocks. The Council on Economic and Fiscal Policy is expected to propose that the Japanese government begin studying DST in an attempt to combat global warming. Japanese PM Shinzo Abe made a significant effort to introduce daylight saving time, however, it is not clear that DST would conserve energy in Japan. JJY Japanese calendar UTC+09,00 Japanese clock
7.
Zelkova serrata
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Zelkova serrata is a species of the genus Zelkova native to Japan, Korea, eastern China and Taiwan. It is often grown as a tree, and used in bonsai. Zelkova serrata is a deciduous tree usually growing to 30 m tall. It is characterized by a short trunk dividing into many upright and erect spreading stems forming a broad, the tree grows rapidly when young though the growth rate slows to medium upon middle age and maturity. It has alternately arranged leaves growing to 5 cm long and broad, the leaves themselves are simple and ovate to oblong-ovate with serrated or crenate margins, to which the tree owes its specific epithet serrata. The leaves are acuminate or apiculate, rounded or subcordate at the base, the leaves are rough on top and glabrous or nearly glabrous on the underside. They are green to green in spring and throughout the summer, changing to yellows, oranges. The petioles are 2–5 mm long, Z. serrata develops monoecious flowers in spring with the leaves. Buds are ovoid, acutish, with imbricate, dark brown scales. They diverge at a 45 degree angle from the stem, the staminate flowers are shortly pedicellate and approximately 3mm in diameter, clustered in the axils of the lower leaves. The pistillate flowers are solitary or few in axils of the leaves, sessile. The flowers are yellow-green, not showy, and occur in groups along new stems. They give rise to small, ovate, wingless drupes that ripen in summer to autumn. The drupe is green maturing to brown, subsessile and 2.5 to 3.5 mm in diameter, to identify Zelkova serrata, one would look for a short main trunk, low branching and a vase-shaped habit. The twigs are slender with small, dark conical buds in a zigzag pattern, the bark is grayish white to grayish brown and either smooth with lenticels or exfoliating in patches to reveal orange inner bark. The branchlets are brownish-purple to brown and this tree requires full to partial sun and prefers moist, well drained soils. A fertilizer rich in potassium and nitrogen encourages new vegetation and floral buds and it is adaptable and tolerant of heat, little water, nutrient poor soils and various pH. It should be thinned to allow light into the inner canopy
8.
Azalea
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Azaleas /əˈzeɪliə/ are flowering shrubs in the genus Rhododendron, particularly the former sections Tsutsuji and Pentanthera. Azaleas bloom in spring, their flowers often lasting several weeks, shade tolerant, they prefer living near or under trees. They are part of the family Ericaceae, plant enthusiasts have selectively bred azaleas for hundreds of years. This human selection has produced over 10,000 different cultivars which are propagated by cuttings, Azalea seeds can also be collected and germinated. Azaleas are generally slow-growing and do best in well-drained acidic soil, fertilizer needs are low, some species need regular pruning. Azaleas are native to several continents including Asia, Europe and North America and they are planted abundantly as ornamentals in the southeastern USA, southern Asia, and parts of southwest Europe. Magnolias owner John Grimke Drayton imported the plants for use in his estate garden from Philadelphia, with encouragement from Charles Sprague Sargent from Harvards Arnold Arboretum, Magnolia Gardens was opened to the public in 1871, following the American Civil War. Magnolia is one of the oldest public gardens in America, since the late nineteenth century, in late March and early April, thousands visit to see the azaleas bloom in their full glory. R. occidentale flowers are larger than other azaleas and are white with a splotch of yellow. R. arborescens are native to the east coast of North America and can be found growing wild from Alabama to Pennsylvania in wooded, plants grow up to 20 feet high and flowers are white and fragrant. The Flame Azalea, R. Native to the regions of Pennsylvania to Georgia. Flowers do not smell but bloom in every shade from yellow to crimson red. Flowers bloom in the late spring, a good variety for drier soils and shady areas. Foliage turns bright yellow in the Fall, Azalea leafy gall can be particularly destructive to azalea leaves during the early spring. Hand picking infected leaves is the method of control. They can also be subject to root rot in moist. In Chinese culture, the azalea is known as thinking of home bush and is immortalized in the poetry of Du Fu, the azalea is also one of the symbols of the city of São Paulo, in Brazil. In addition to being renowned for its beauty, the azalea is also highly toxic—it contains andromedotoxins in both its leaves and nectar, including honey from the nectar
9.
Population
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A population is the number of all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding. In sociology, population refers to a collection of humans, Demography is a social science which entails the statistical study of human populations. This article refers mainly to human population, in population genetics a sexual population is a set of organisms in which any pair of members can breed together. This means that they can regularly exchange gametes to produce normally-fertile offspring and this also implies that all members belong to the same species. If the gamodeme is very large, and all gene alleles are uniformly distributed by the gametes within it, however, there may be low frequencies of exchange with these neighbours. This may be viewed as the breaking up of a sexual population into smaller overlapping sexual populations. The overall rise in homozygosity is quantified by the inbreeding coefficient, note that all homozygotes are increased in frequency – both the deleterious and the desirable. The mean phenotype of the collection is lower than that of the panmictic original – which is known as inbreeding depression. It is most important to note, however, that some lines will be superior to the panmictic original, while some will be about the same. The probabilities of each can be estimated from those binomial equations, in plant and animal breeding, procedures have been developed which deliberately utilise the effects of dispersion. It can be shown that dispersion-assisted selection leads to the greatest genetic advance and this is so for both allogamous and autogamous gamodemes. In ecology, the population of a species in a certain area can be estimated using the Lincoln Index. As of todays date, the population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be 7.496 billion. The US Census Bureau estimates the 7 billion number was surpassed on 12 March 2012, according to papers published by the United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion on 24 February 2006. The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion in 1987, the population of countries such as Nigeria, is not even known to the nearest million, so there is a considerable margin of error in such estimates. Researcher Carl Haub calculated that a total of over 100 billion people have probably been born in the last 2000 years, Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the population will likely surpass 10 billion in 2055
10.
Population density
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Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume, it is a quantity of type number density. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and most of the time to humans and it is a key geographical term. Population density is population divided by land area or water volume. Low densities may cause a vortex and lead to further reduced fertility. This is called the Allee effect after the scientist who identified it, commonly this may be calculated for a county, city, country, another territory, or the entire world. The worlds population is around 7,000,000,000, therefore, the worldwide human population density is around 7,000,000,000 ÷510,000,000 =13.7 per km2. If only the Earths land area of 150,000,000 km2 is taken into account and this includes all continental and island land area, including Antarctica. If Antarctica is also excluded, then population density rises to over 50 people per km2, thus, this number by itself does not give any helpful measurement of human population density. Several of the most densely populated territories in the world are city-states, microstates, cities with high population densities are, by some, considered to be overpopulated, though this will depend on factors like quality of housing and infrastructure and access to resources. Most of the most densely populated cities are in Southeast Asia, though Cairo, for instance, Milwaukee has a greater population density when just the inner city is measured, and the surrounding suburbs excluded. Arithmetic density, The total number of people / area of land, physiological density, The total population / area of arable land. Agricultural density, The total rural population / area of arable land, residential density, The number of people living in an urban area / area of residential land. Urban density, The number of people inhabiting an urban area / total area of urban land, ecological optimum, The density of population that can be supported by the natural resources. S. States by population density Selected Current and Historic City, Ward & Neighborhood Density
11.
Arakawa River (Kanto)
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The Arakawa River, also known as the Ara River, is a 173-kilometre long river that flows through Saitama Prefecture and Tokyo. It originates on Mount Kobushi in Saitama Prefecture, and empties into Tokyo Bay and it has a total catchment area of 2940km2. Attempts to control flooding of the Arakawa River have been made since the area that is now Tokyo became the de facto capital of Japan during the Edo period. Following a major flood in 1910 that damaged a large part of central Tokyo, in 1996 an agreement was signed to make it a sister river of the Potomac River in the eastern United States. Sumida River Arakawa Under the Bridge, a set under a bridge on the river. Media related to Arakawa River at Wikimedia Commons
12.
Saitama, Saitama
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Saitama is the capital and the most populous city of Saitama Prefecture in Japan, situated in the south-east of the prefecture. Its area incorporates the cities of Urawa, Ōmiya, Yono. It is a city designated by government ordinance, being in the Greater Tokyo Area and lying 15 to 30 kilometres north of central Tokyo, many of its residents commute into Tokyo. As of 1 February 2016, the city had an population of 1,226,656. Its total area was 217.43 square kilometres, the city was founded on May 1,2001, and was designated on April 1,2003 as a government ordinance. For the histories of Urawa, Ōmiya and Yono before the merger, see, Urawa-ku, Saitama Ōmiya-ku, Saitama and Yono, Saitama, on April 1,2005, Saitama absorbed the city of Iwatsuki to its east, which became a new ward, Iwatsuki-ku. The name Saitama originally comes from the Sakitama district of what is now the city of Gyōda in the part of what is now known as Saitama Prefecture. Sakitama has an ancient history and is mentioned in the famous 8th century poetry anthology Manyōshū, the pronunciation has changed from Sakitama to Saitama over the years. With the merger of Urawa, Ōmiya, and Yono it was decided that a new name, the prefectural name Saitama was changed from kanji into hiragana, thus Saitama City was born. It is the prefectural capital in Japan whose name is always written in hiragana. However, Saitama written in hiragana actually finished in place in public polling to Saitama written in kanji. Despite this, government officials decided to name the new city Saitama in hiragana, in third place in the poll was Ōmiya. In fourth was Saitama, written with a kanji for sai which means colorful. The sai used in the name is a rare form of a common character that means cape or promontory. The city is located 20 to 30 km north of central Tokyo, the western portion of the city lies on the lowland created by the Arakawa River along with those created by small rivers such as the Moto-Arakawa River, Shiba River, and Ayase River. The rest of the area mostly resides on the Ōmiya Plateau lying in the north-south direction, dispersed in this region, major rivers flow southward, almost paralleling to one another. The city is one of commercial centers of the Greater Tokyo area and serves Saitama Prefecture, North Kanto. Saitama is also home to manufacturers, exporting automotive, food, optical, precision
13.
Shiki, Saitama
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Shiki is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, in the central Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 February 2016, the city had an population of 72,936. Its total area was 9.05 square kilometres, located in southern Saitama Prefecture on the eastern bank of the Arakawa River, Shiki is within easy commuting distance from downtown Tokyo. Saitama Prefecture Asaka Saitama Fujimi Niiza Miyoshi The area of Shiki developed from the Edo period as a port connecting northern Kantō region with Edo. The modern town of Shiki was created within Niikura District, Saitama with the establishment of the system on April 1,1889. Niikura District was abolished in 1894, becoming part of Kitaadachi District, Shiki merged with neighboring Muraoka Village on May 3,1955, becoming the town of Adachi. Adachi was elevated to city status on October 26,1970 and was renamed Shiki, Shiki has some light manufacturing, but is primarily a bedroom community for the Tokyo Metropolis, with over 35 percent of its workforce commuting to Tokyo daily. Shiki has eight schools, four middle schools and three high schools. Tobu Railway - Tobu Tojo Line Shiki - Yanasegawa Japan National Route 463 Washington Court House, Ohio, United States Official website
14.
Toda, Saitama
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Toda is a city located in Saitama Prefecture, in the central Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 February 2016, the city had an population of 136,652. Its total area was 18.19 square kilometres, Toda is located in far southeastern Saitama Prefecture, separated from Tokyo by the Arakawa River. The Sasame River also flows through the city before joining the Arakawa, the villages merged on June 1,1941 to form the town of Toda. The town annexed the village of Misasa on July 20,1957, the rowing competition of the 1964 Tokyo Olympics took place in Toda near to where the present day Toda-Koen Station is located. The rowing area which is adjacent to the Arakawa River is still in use today, Toda was elevated to city status on October 1,1966. Much of the residential and commercial development in Toda is due to its proximity to the city of Tokyo and this has enabled Toda to act as a bedroom community of Tokyo and is thus an apt location of residence for those who wish to work in the Tokyo Metropolis. There has been an increase in population since the construction of the three Saikyo Line stations in the 1980s and this has had a positive effect on the economy. There are a significant number of transportation/logistics and printing-based enterprises in Toda, large companies that have their headquarters in Toda-shi include Okazen Transportation, Khobho, Chiyoda. Toda has 12 elementary schools, six schools and two high schools. An arrangement of the Toda City song has been used as the melody for trains departing from the up platform of the three Saikyo Line stations in Toda since 1 August 2007. Most of the routes are run by Kokosai Kogyo bus company, in addition there is a distinctive low cost mini-bus service known as Toco. This stands for Toda Community bus, the Toco service serves routes within the city limits unlike the regular Kokosai Kogyo bus routes which usually bring commuters to and from train stations on the Saikyo and Keihin-Tohoku train lines
15.
Niiza, Saitama
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Niiza is a city in Saitama Prefecture, in the central Kantō region of Japan. As of 1 February 2016, the city had an population of 162,652. Its total area was 22.78 square kilometres, located in far southern Saitama Prefecture, Niiza is essentially a suburb of the Tokyo conurbation. The Meguro River flows through the part of the city. Saitama Prefecture Asaka Shiki Tokorozawa Miyoshi Tokyo Metropolis Nerima-ku Kiyose Nishitokyo Higashikurume The area of modern Niiza has been settled since prehistoric times, nara period records indicate that immigrants from Silla on the Korean peninsula came to the area in 758 AD. The town of Owada was created within Niikura District, Saitama with the establishment of the system on April 1,1889. Niikura District was abolished in 1896, becoming part of Kitaasachi District, on March 1,1955, Owada annexed the neighboring village of Katayama and was raised to city status on November 1,1970. Toppan printing has a factory in Niiza, which is also home to a number of other light manufacturing, electronics. However, due to its proximity to Tokyo, over a third of the workforce commutes daily, the temple is located in Nobidome, close to Niiza City Hall. There is a large stone gate along National Route 254. Masaaki Taniai, politician Yoko Mitsuya, gravure idol On April 7,2003, Niiza gave the anime character Astro Boy an honorary citizenship to mark the date given as his birthdate in the original manga
16.
Nerima
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Nerima is a special ward in Tokyo, Japan. Although not technically accurate, it refers to itself as Nerima City. As of 1 May 2016, the ward has an population of 721,858, with 323,296 households. 21. 6% of the population is over the age of 65. The total area is 48.08 km², in the Edo period, the area was mostly farmland producing daikon radishes, gobo burdocks, and potatoes. After the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, many people from central Tokyo moved to the area, in October 1,1932, Nerima town, and Kami-Nerima, Naka-Arai, Shakujii and Ōizumi Villages were incorporated in Old Tokyo City. Prior to the creation of the ward on August 1,1947, in 1952, the Japan Self-Defense Forces established a base there. The first division of the group of the Ground Self-Defense Force has its headquarters there. The United States Forces Japan already had a base, Grant Heights, Grant Heights had been Narimasu airfield under the Imperial Japanese Army until the end of World War II. The runway is now the street in front of the IMA department store in Hikarigaoka. Nerima lies at the edge of the 23 special wards of Tokyo. Its neighbors are the wards of Itabashi, Suginami, Toshima and Nakano, as well as the cities of Musashino. To the north lie three cities in Saitama Prefecture, Wako, Asaka and Niiza, toei Animation has its headquarters in the Ohizumi Studio in Nerima. Anime International Company has its headquarters in the AIC Digital Building, in addition, Studio Comet, and Mushi Production have their headquarters in Nerima. Nerima is the setting of Rumiko Takahashis long running and popular manga, Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Nerima Base Nerima has a sister-city relationship with Ipswich, Queensland, Australia. Nerima Gardens in Ipswich commemorates the tie, Nerima also has a similar link to Haidian District, Beijing, China. Official website Nerima Animation Conference and Nerima Gardens page at Ipswich City Council site
17.
Shukuba
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Shukuba were post stations during the Edo period in Japan, generally located on one of the Edo Five Routes or one of its sub-routes. These post stations were places where travelers could rest on their journey around the nation and they were created based on policies for the transportation of goods by horseback that were developed during the Nara and Heian periods. These post stations were first established by Tokugawa Ieyasu shortly after the end of the Battle of Sekigahara, the first post stations were developed along the Tōkaidō. In 1601, the first of the Tōkaidōs fifty-three stations were developed, not all the post stations were built at the same time, however, as the last one was built in 1624. The lodgings in the post stations were established for use by officials and. The post stations toiyaba, honjin and sub-honjin were all saved for the public officials, the hatago, retail stores, tea houses, etc. which were designed for general travelers, were able to build a profit. Ai no shuku were intermediate post stations, though they were unofficial resting spots, toiyaba, General offices that helped manage the post town. Honjin, Rest areas and lodgings built for use by samurai, honjin were not businesses, instead, large residences in the post towns were often designated as lodging for government officials. Waki-honjin, These facilities were also for use by samurai and court nobles, hatago, Facilities that offered accommodations to general travelers and also served food. Kichin-yado, Facilities that offered accommodations to general travelers, but did not serve food, chaya, Rest areas that sold tea, food and alcohol to travelers. Shops, General shops built to sell wares to travelers, kōsatsu, Signboards on which the shōguns proclamations were posted
18.
Muromachi period
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The Muromachi period is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. The period ended in 1573 when the 15th and last shogun of this line, from a cultural perspective, the period can be divided into the Kitayama and Higashiyama periods. The early years from 1336 to 1392 of the Muromachi period are known as the Nanboku-chō or Northern and Southern Court period and this period is marked by the continued resistance of the supporters of Emperor Go-Daigo, the emperor behind the Kenmu Restoration. The years from 1465 to the end of the Muromachi period are known as the Sengoku period or Warring States period. Emperor Go-Daigos brief attempt to restore the power in the Kenmu Restoration alienated the samurai class. Ashikaga Takauji obtained the samurais strong support, and deposed Emperor Go-Daigo, in 1338 Takauji was proclaimed shogun and established his government in Kyoto. However, Emperor Godaigo escaped from his confinement and revived his political power in Nara, the ensuing period of Ashikaga rule was called Muromachi from the district of Kyoto in which its headquarters – the Hana-no-gosho – were located by third shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu in 1378. Nevertheless, the Ashikaga shogunate was not as strong as that in Kamakura had been, not until the rule of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu did a semblance of order emerge. Yoshimitsu allowed the constables, who had had limited powers during the Kamakura period, to become strong regional rulers, in time, a balance of power evolved between the shogun and the daimyō, the three most prominent daimyō families rotated as deputies to the shogun at Kyoto. The line of shoguns gradually weakened after Yoshimitsu and increasingly lost power to the daimyō, the shoguns influence on imperial succession waned, and the daimyō could back their own candidates. In time, the Ashikaga family had its own problems, resulting finally in the Ōnin War. The power vacuum that ensued launched a century of anarchy, the Japanese contact with the Ming dynasty began when China was renewed during the Muromachi period after the Chinese sought support in suppressing Japanese pirates in coastal areas of China. Japanese pirates of this era and region were referred to as wokou by the Chinese, wanting to improve relations with China and to rid Japan of the wokou threat, Yoshimitsu accepted a relationship with the Chinese that was to last for half a century. In 1401 he restarted the system, describing himself in a letter to the Chinese Emperor as Your subject. Japanese wood, sulfur, copper ore, swords, and folding fans were traded for Chinese silk, porcelain, books, and coins, in what the Chinese considered tribute but the Japanese saw as profitable trade. Zen played a role in spreading not only religious teachings and practices but also art and culture, including influences derived from paintings of the Chinese Song, Yuan. The proximity of the court to the bakufu resulted in a commingling of imperial family members, courtiers, daimyō, samurai. Art of all kinds—architecture, literature, Noh drama, Kyōgen, poetry, sarugaku, the tea ceremony, landscape gardening, there was renewed interest in Shinto, which had quietly coexisted with Buddhism during the centuries of the latters predominance
19.
Prince Yasuhiko Asaka
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General Prince Yasuhiko Asaka of Japan was the founder of a collateral branch of the Japanese imperial family and a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army. He was a perpetrator of the Nanking massacre in 1937 but was never charged, Prince Yasuhiko came from Kyoto, the eighth son of Prince Kuni Asahiko and the court lady Tsunoda Sugako. Prince Kuni Asahiko was a youngest prince descended from the Fushimi-no-miya, in 1872, the Emperor Meiji granted him the title Kuni-no-miya and authorization to begin a new collateral branch of the imperial family. On 10 March 1906, the Emperor Meiji granted Prince Yasuhiko the title Asaka-no-miya, on 6 May 1909, Prince Asaka married Nobuko, Princess Fumi, the eighth daughter of Emperor Meiji. Prince and Princess Asaka had four children, Princess Asaka Kikuko, Prince Asaka Takahiko, married Todo Chikako, the fifth daughter of Count Todo Takatsugu. They had two daughters, Fukuko and Minoko and a son Tomohiko, Prince Asaka Tadahito, renounced membership in the imperial family and created Marquis Otowa,1936. Killed in action during the Battle of Kwajalein, Princess Asaka Kiyoko, married Count Ogyu Yoshiatsu. Like the other princes of the Meiji period, it was expected that Prince Yasuhiko would pursue a career in the military. He received his education at the Gakushūin Peers School and the Central Military Preparatory School. Princess Asaka traveled to France to nurse her husband, Prince and Princess Asaka also visited the United States in 1925. During that period, Prince and Princess Asaka became enthralled with the Art Deco movement, upon returning to Japan that same year, The Prince and Princess began arranging for a new mansion to be built in the Art Deco style in Tokyos Shirokanedai neighborhood. The house, currently the Tokyo Metropolitan Teien Art Museum, was completed in May 1933, while these events were occurring, Prince Asaka had risen through the ranks of the military. After being promoted to the rank of colonel in August 1925, in December 1929, on 1 August 1933, he was promoted to lieutenant general and assumed command of the First Imperial Guards Division. In December 1935, he was appointed a member of the Supreme War Council, the Princes pro-Imperial Way Faction political sentiments, as well as his connections to other right-wing army cliques, caused a rift between himself and the Emperor. It was perhaps due to this rift that Prince Asaka was transferred to the Japanese Central China Area Army in China in 1937, in November 1937, Prince Asaka became temporary commander of the Japanese forces outside Nanking, then capital of China, because General Matsui was ill. The order may have actually been issued, allegedly without the Princes knowledge or assent and he was a known radical ultra-nationalist staff member of the Central China Area Army who may have released the order under the sign manual of Asaka. In February 1938, both Prince Asaka and General Matsui were recalled to Japan, Matsui went into virtual retirement, but Prince Asaka remained on the Supreme War Council until the end of the war in August 1945. He was promoted to the rank of general in August 1939, in 1944, he colluded with Prince Higashikuni, his nephew Prince Takamatsu, and former Prime Minister Fumimaro Konoe to oust the Hideki Tojo cabinet
20.
1964 Summer Olympics
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The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan, from October 10 to 24,1964. The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia, Tokyo was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany, on May 26,1959. These games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be overseas, as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier. The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3, the first geostationary communication satellite and these were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts, albeit partially. Certain events like the sumo wrestling and judo matches, sports huge in Japan, were tried out using Toshibas new color transmission system, history surrounding the 1964 Olympics was chronicled in the 1965 documentary film Tokyo Olympiad, directed by Kon Ichikawa. The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the citys midsummer heat and humidity, the previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather. The following games in 1968 in Mexico City also began in October, the 1964 Olympics were also the last to use a traditional cinder track for the track events. A smooth synthetic all-weather track was used for the first time at the 1968 Olympics, the 2020 Summer Olympics will be held in Tokyo. Tokyo won the rights to the Games on May 26,1959, at the 55th IOC Session in Munich, West Germany, over bids from Detroit, Brussels and Vienna. Toronto was an early bidder again in 1964 after the attempt for 1960. Yūji Koseki composed the song of the opening ceremony. Yoshinori Sakai, who lit the Olympic Flame, was born in Hiroshima on August 6,1945, kumi-daiko was first exhibited to a world-wide audience at the Festival of Arts presentation. Judo and womens volleyball, both sports in Japan, were introduced to the Olympics. Japan won gold medals in three events, but Dutchman Anton Geesink won the Open category. The Japanese womens volleyball won the gold medal, with the final being broadcast live. The womens pentathlon was introduced to the athletics events, soviet gymnast Larisa Latynina won two gold medals, a silver medal and two bronze medals. She held the record for most Olympic medals at 18 which stood until broken by American swimmer Michael Phelps in 2012, czechoslovakian gymnast Věra Čáslavská wins 3 gold medals, including the individual all-around competition, crowning her the new queen over the reigning champion Larisa Latynina. Australian swimmer Dawn Fraser won the 100 m freestyle event for the time in a row
21.
Commuter town
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A commuter town is a town whose residents normally work elsewhere, although they live, eat and sleep in these neighborhoods. The name also suggests that these communities have little commercial or industrial activity beyond a small amount of retail, oriented toward locals. A commuter town may also be known as an exurb, or a community, bedroom town or bedroom suburb. The phrase bedroom town has also adopted into the Japanese wasei-eigo word bed town. Suburbs and commuter towns often coincide, but not always, similar to college town, resort town, and mill town, the term commuter town describes the municipalitys predominant economic function. A suburb, in contrast, is a community of size, density, political power. A towns economic function may change, for example when improved transport brings commuters to industrial suburbs or railway towns in search of suburban living, commuter towns may be in rural or semi-rural areas, with a ring of green space separating them from the larger city or town. Where urban sprawl and conurbation have erased clear lines among towns and cities in large metropolitan areas, commuter towns can arise for a number of different reasons. Sometimes, as in Sleepy Hollow, New York or Tiburon, California, in other cases, a pleasant small town, such as Warwick, New York, over time attracts more residents but not large businesses to employ them, requiring denizens to commute to employment centers. Another cause, particularly relevant in the American South and West, is the growth of once-small cities. Owing largely to the creation of the Interstate Highway System. As a result, many cities were absorbed into the suburbs of these larger cities. Often, however, commuter towns form when workers in a region cannot afford to live where they work, the late 20th century dot-com bubble and United States housing bubble drove housing costs in Californian metropolitan areas to historic highs, spawning exurban growth in adjacent counties. For example, most cities in western Riverside County, California can be considered exurbs of Orange County, California and Los Angeles County, as of 2003, over 80% of the workforce of Tracy, California was employed in the San Francisco Bay Area. A related phenomenon is common in the towns of the American West that require large workforces, yet emphasize building larger single-family residences. In certain major European cites, such as Berlin and London, around London, several towns – such as Basildon, Crawley, Harlow, and Stevenage – were built for this purpose by the Commission for New Towns. In some cases, commuter towns can result from negative economic conditions, steubenville, Ohio, for instance, had its own regional identity along with neighboring Weirton, West Virginia until the collapse of the steel industry in the 1980s. In 2013, Jefferson County, Ohio was added to the Pittsburgh metropolitan area as part of its larger Combined Statistical Area, long-time residents may be displaced by new commuter residents due to rising house prices
22.
Toyo University
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Toyo University is a university with several branches in Japan, including Bunkyō, Tokyo, Asaka, Kawagoe, and Itakura. The predecessor to Toyo University was Shiritsu Tetsugakukan, which was founded at Rinsho-in Temple by Enryo Inoue in 1887, Inoue felt that the subject of philosophy was neglected in Japanese schools of higher learning at the time. In 1906, the school was moved to its present site, the schools motto is The basis of all learning lies in philosophy. Originally, courses were offered in philosophy, religion, ethics, education, Japanese, and classical Chinese, in 1949, there was a substantial restructuring of the university, and faculties of Literature, Economics, Law, Sociology, Engineering and Business Administration were established. Each of these faculties has a graduate program, faculties of Regional Development Studies and Life Sciences were added in April,1997. A law school was created in April 2004, and the Kawagoe campus hosts a Bio-Nano Electronics Research Centre founded in 2003, among those conducting research at this facility was Nobel Laureate Sir Harold Kroto. Hakusan Campus Akabane Campus Asaka Campus Kawagoe Campus Itakura Campus Otemachi Satellite Campus Sports Center List of Toyo University people Official website
23.
East Japan Railway Company
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East Japan Railway Company is a major passenger railway company in Japan and one of the seven Japan Railways Group companies. The company name is abbreviated as JR-EAST or JR East in English. The companys headquarters are in Yoyogi, Shibuya, Tokyo, JR East was incorporated on 1 April 1987 after being spun off from the government-run Japanese National Railways. Following the breakup, JR East ran the operations on former JNR lines in the Greater Tokyo Area, the Tohoku region and its railway lines primarily serve Kanto and Tohoku regions, along with adjacent areas in Koshinetsu region and Shizuoka prefectures. JR East operates all of the Shinkansen, high-speed rail lines and these lines have sections inside the Tokyo Suburban Area designated by JR East. This does not necessarily mean that the lines are fully inside the Greater Tokyo Area, JR East aims to reduce its carbon emissions by half, as measured over the period 1990-2030. This would be achieved by increasing the efficiency of trains and company-owned thermal power stations, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department has stated that JR Easts official union is a front for an organized crime syndicate called the Japan Revolutionary Communist League. An investigation of this is ongoing, the East Japan Railway Culture Foundation is a non-profit organization established by JR East for the purpose of developing a richer railway culture. The Railway Museum in Saitama is operated by the foundation, EJRC has bid for the London Midland franchise in the United Kingdom. Winners will be announced on June 2017 and will start operating on October 2017, East Japan Railway Company Web Site JR East official apology for Inaho No.14 accident on 25 December 2005 Company history books. Wiki collection of works on East Japan Railway Company
24.
Musashino Line
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The Musashino Line is a railway line operated by the East Japan Railway Company. It links Tsurumi Station in Yokohama with Nishi-Funabashi Station in Chiba Prefecture, the line forms part of what JR East refers to as the Tokyo Mega Loop around Tokyo, consisting of the Keiyo Line, Musashino Line, Nambu Line, and Yokohama Line. Most services on the Musashino Line are local trains making all stops, some trains continue through the Keiyō Line past Nishi-Funabashi to Tokyo, Minami-Funabashi or Kaihimmakuhari. All passenger trains begin service at Fuchū-Hommachi Station, details on the Musashino South Line freight-only section can be found below the passenger station list, Ōmekaidō Station is approximately 10 minutes walk from Shin-Kodaira Station. Trains on the Musashino Line are normally formed of 205 series, the 205-0 series sets were built from new for the Musashino Line, entering service from 1 December 1991, and have six motored cars per eight-car set. These were the last 205 series sets to be built from new, the 205-5000 series sets were modified between 2002 and 2008 from displaced former Yamanote Line sets by adding new VVVF-controlled AC motors, and have four motored cars per eight-car set. The 209-500 series sets were transferred from the Keiyo Line, where they were displaced by new E233-5000 series sets and reduced from ten to eight cars per set. 101-1000 series 6-car EMUs 103 series 6-car, later 8-car EMUs 201 series 6-car EMUs 165 and 169 series EMUs were used on Shinkansen Relay services,115 series EMUs were used on Musashino services from 2002 until the services were downgraded to all-stations Local status in December 2010. Locomotive types seen hauling freight trains include the Class EF64, Class EF65, Class EF66, Class EF81, Class EF200, Class EF210, Class EH200, Class EH500, Class DE10, and Class HD300. The Musashino Line was initially envisioned as a Tokyo Outer Loop Line in a 1927 railway appropriations bill, construction finally began in November 1965. In 1967, a train carrying jet fuel to Tachikawa Air Base in western Tokyo exploded while passing through Shinjuku Station and this disaster led to the banning of freight trains on railway lines in central Tokyo and sped the development of the Musashino Line as an alternative route. Because most of the line passed through populated areas, it was initially envisioned as a freight-only line. However, opposition from residents, at the same time as the violent landowner battles plaguing Narita International Airport. The first section of the line between Fuchū-Hommachi and Shin-Matsudo opened on 1 April 1973, services operated at 15-minute intervals in the morning peak, and at 40-minute intervals during the daytime off-peak. The southern freight-only line from Fuchū-Hommachi to Tsurumi opened on 1 March 1976, the eastern section of the line from Shin-Matsudo to Nishi-Funabashi opened on 2 October 1978. Inter-running to and from the Keiyo Line commenced on 1 December 1988, from the start of the 1 December 1996 timetable revision, all of the Musashino Line 103 series sets were lengthened from six to eight cars. Osaka Higashi Line, envisioned as a counterpart in the Osaka area Aichi Loop Line, counterpart around Nagoya Stations of the Musashino Line
25.
Kita-Asaka Station
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Kita-Asaka Station is a railway station on the Musashino Line in Asaka, Saitama, Japan, operated by East Japan Railway Company. Kita-Asaka Station is served by the orbital Musashino Line from Fuchūhommachi to Nishi-Funabashi and it is located adjacent and at right angles to Asakadai Station on the Tobu Tojo Line to Ikebukuro in Tokyo. The station is located 22.8 kilometers from Fuchūhommachi Station, the station consists of an elevated island platform serving two tracks. The station has a Midori no Madoguchi staffed ticket office, the station has toilet facilities located on the mezzanine level, and both escalator and lift access from the ground level entrance to the elevated platform. Universal access toilets are located outside the station, the station opened on 1 April 1973. With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, the station came under the control of JR East, costing approximately 200 million yen, work was scheduled to be completed around December 2014. In fiscal 2014, the station was used by 66,972 passengers, making it the third busiest station on the Musashino Line after Nishi-Funabashi, the passenger figures for previous years are as shown below. List of railway stations in Japan JR East station information
26.
Asaka Station (Saitama)
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Asaka Station is a railway station on the Tobu Tojo Line in Asaka, Saitama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway. Located between Wakōshi and Asakadai stations, it is 14.0 km from the Ikebukuro terminus, only Semi express and Local services stop at this station. The station consists of two platforms serving four tracks, with an elevated station building located above the platforms. The station first opened as Hizaori Station on 1 May 1914 and it was renamed Asaka Station on 10 May 1932. Through-running to and from Shibuya via the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line commenced on 14 June 2008, from 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on the Tobu Tojo Line, with Asaka Station becoming TJ-12. Through-running to and from Yokohama and Motomachi-Chukagai via the Tokyu Toyoko Line, chest-high platform edge doors are scheduled to be added by the end of fiscal 2020. In fiscal 2014, the station was used by an average of 64,163 passengers daily, Asaka City Hall Asaka Post Office Japan Ground Self-Defense Force Asaka Base The station is served by Wakuwaku community bus services operated by the city of Asaka. Asaka Station, on the Hanwa Line in Sakai, Osaka List of railway stations in Japan Tobu station information
27.
Asakadai Station
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Asakadai Station is a railway station on the Tobu Tojo Line in Asaka, Saitama, Japan, operated by the private railway operator Tobu Railway. Located between Asaka and Shiki stations, it is 16.4 km from the Tobu Tojo Line terminus at Ikebukuro, rapid, Express, Semi express, and Local services stop at this station. The station is adjacent and at angles to Kita-Asaka Station on the Musashino Line operated by JR East. The station consists of two platforms serving four tracks. The station building is located above the platforms, which are situated in a cutting, the station opened on 6 August 1974. Through-running to and from Shibuya via the Tokyo Metro Fukutoshin Line commenced on 14 June 2008, from 17 March 2012, station numbering was introduced on the Tobu Tojo Line, with Asakadai Station becoming TJ-13. Through-running to and from Yokohama and Motomachi-Chukagai via the Tokyu Toyoko Line, in fiscal 2014, the station was used by an average of 153,680 passengers daily. Passenger figures for years are as shown below. Kita-Asaka Station Toyo University Asaka Campus From 17 July 2008, there is a express bus service to/from Narita Airport. The bus stop is on the side of the station. List of railway stations in Japan Tobu station information
28.
Yuhi (wrestler)
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Yuhi is a Japanese retired professional wrestler. Yuhi retired from wrestling in March 2014, coinciding with her high school graduation. With a six year sports background in dancing and two years in acrobatics, Yuhi enrolled in the Bukuro Gym in 2009 to begin training kickboxing under Satoshi Kobayashi. While there, she met professional wrestler Ikuto Hidaka, who was impressed by her, in February 2011, Kobayashi left Bukuro Gym to form the Norainu Dojo in collaboration with professional wrestling promotion Pro Wrestling Zero1. On January 21,2012, Zero1 presented Yuhi to the public, ten days later, Yuhi made her debut at a Pro Wrestling Zero1 event in Tokyos Korakuen Hall, losing to Aikawa. On April 28, Yuhi was defeated by freelancer Hiroyo Matsumoto at an outdoor event in her hometown of Asaka. On May 3, Yuhi made her first appearance outside of Zero1, Yuhi and Hiroyo Matsumoto had a rematch at a larger Zero1 event in Korakuen Hall on May 16, where Matsumoto once again was victorious. On May 20, Yuhi returned to Stardom, wrestling Arisa Hoshiki to a time limit draw in a main event draft match. Eventually, Yuhi chose to join Zenryoku Joshi, which also included Kairi Hojo, Saki Kashima and Yoko Bito, and was two weeks later also joined by old associate Hiroyo Matsumoto. Due to the lack of other female wrestlers in Zero1. On June 10,2012, Yuhi won her first match, on July 8, Yuhi faced World of Stardom Champion Nanae Takahashi in a losing effort in a non-title match. She finally picked up her first direct win on July 22 by pinning Yuuri Haruka in a Stardom Rumble to earn a spot in the upcoming 5★Star GP2012 tournament, Yuhi entered the tournament on August 19, losing to Yoshiko in her first round-robin match. While the tournament was still ongoing, Yuhi took part in the independent Joshi 4 Hope IV event on October 7, on October 20, Yuhi returned to Zero1, facing Oz Academy representative Aja Kong in a losing effort. On October 27, Yuhi and Aikawa entered the 2012 Goddesses of Stardom Tag League, in their first round-robin match, the team, billed as Y Dash, defeated Eri Susa and Nozomi. On November 6, Yuhi returned to Zero1 taking part in an all Stardom tag team match, on December 9, Yuhi entered the second annual Rookie of Stardom tournament. After defeating Zenryoku Joshi stablemate Kairi Hojo in her first round match, on December 24, Yuhi and Matsumoto were defeated in their title match by the defending champions, Natsuki☆Taiyo and Yoshiko. Yuhi wrestled her first match of 2013 back in Zero1 on January 1, after Yuzuki Aikawa had announced her upcoming retirement from professional wrestling, she disbanded Zenryoku Joshi on January 14,2013. In her final match as a representative of the stable, Yuhi was defeated by Hailey Hatred in a singles match, on January 25, Yuhi made her debut under a mask as Sunset☆JK, losing to Masked Hiroyon, the masked Hiroyo Matsumoto, at a Zero1 event
29.
Wards of Japan
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A ward is a subdivision of the cities of Japan that are large enough to have been designated by government ordinance. Wards are used to each city designated by government ordinance. The 23 special wards of Tokyo have a status, and are not the same as other entities referred to as ku. Wards are local entities directly controlled by the municipal government and they handle administrative functions such as koseki registration, health insurance, and property taxation. Many wards have affiliated residents organizations for a number of tasks, for more information, see Special wards of Tokyo. The special wards of Tokyo are not normal wards in the sense of the term
30.
Iwatsuki-ku, Saitama
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Iwatsuki-ku is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the northeastern part of the city. As of 1 February 2016, the ward had an population of 109,901. Its total area was 49.17 square kilometres, iwasuki Ward is within the Kanto plain, in the northeast portion of Saitama City. Iwatsuki-ku is surrounded by Minuma-ku, Midori-ku, and the cities of Kawaguchi, Koshigaya, Kasukabe, Shiraoka, Iwatsuki developed from the Muromachi period as a castle town next to Iwatsuki Castle and the center of Iwatsuki Domain under the Edo period Tokugawa shogunate. It was also a post town on the Nikkō Onari Kaidō connecting Edo with Nikko, the modern town of Iwatsuki created within Minamisaitama District, Saitama with the establishment of the municipalities system on April 1,1889. On May 3,1954 Iwatsuki merged with the villages of Niiwa, Wado, Kawadori, Kashiwazaki, Kawai. On April 1,2005 Iwatsuki merged with the city of Saitama, Iwatsuki is known as the City of Dolls due to a history of doll-making that dates back to the 17th century. Mejiro University – Saitama campus University of Human Arts and Sciences Iwatsuki-ku has 15 elementary schools, eight schools, and four high schools
31.
Kita-ku, Saitama
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Kita-ku is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the northwestern part of the city. As of 1 February 2016, the ward had an population of 143,806. Its total area was 16.86 square kilometres, kita-ward is located in the northwestern side of the city of Saitama. The three villages were merged with Ōmiya Town in 1940, becoming part of the city of Ōmiya, on May 1,2001, Ōmiya merged with Urawa and Yono cities to form the new city of Saitama. A global automotive company, Calsonic Kansei, is headquartered in the ward, Kita-ku has ten elementary schools, five middle schools, three high schools and two special education schools. The Railway Museum is located on the border with Ōmiya-ku, media related to Kita-ku, Saitama at Wikimedia Commons Official website
32.
Midori-ku, Saitama
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Midori-ku is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the southeastern part of the city. As of 1 February 2016, the ward had an population of 117,152. Its total area was 26.44 square kilometres, a wide area of green farmland, Minuma Rice Paddies, forms the central part of the ward. The major river system includes the Shiba River, the Ayanose River, in the southern section of the ward runs the Tōhoku Expressway. Saitama Prefecture Minuma-ku Minami-ku Urawa-ku Iwatsuki-ku Kawaguchi The first people who stayed permanently in area are considered to have arrived approximately twenty five thousand years ago. Paleolithic archaeological sites found in the area include Matsuki, Wadakita, Kitajukunishi, daimon-shuku became one of the post stations of the Nikkō Onari Kaidō. The villages of Tanida, Omagi, Mimuro, and Daimon were created within Kitaadachi District, on April 1,1932 Tanida was annexed by Urawa Town, which was elevated to city status on February 11,1934. Omagi, Mimuro and Daimon merged to form the village of Misono on April 1,1956, Misono was subsequently divided between Urawa and Kawaguchi on May 1,1962. On May 1,2001 the cities of Urawa, Yono, when Saitama was proclaimed a designated city in 2003, the much area of corresponding to former villages of Tanida, Omagi, Mimuro and Daimon became Midori Ward. Urawa University Keio University School of Pharmacy Midori-ku has 10 elementary schools, six middle schools, and three high schools, as well as two special education schools
33.
Minami-ku, Saitama
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Minami-ku is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the northern part of the city. As of 1 February 2016, the ward had an population of 180,558. Its total area was 13.82 square kilometres, Minami Ward is within the Kanto plain, with a minimum altitude of 2.9 meters and maximum altitude of 16.9 meters above sea level. The Arakawa River and several others drain the area, Minami Ward has three bodies of water, Besshonuma, Shirahatanuma, and Saiko. Approximately 56% of the area was of the ward is residential area and less than 5% was rural, on April 1,1932 Yada and the village of Kisaki ] were annexed by Urawa Town. On February 11,1934, Urawa was raised to city status, Mutsuji was elevated to town status on 1938 and was annexed by Urawa on April 1,1942. In 1943, Miyamoto merged with the village of Sasame and was renamed Misasa. On January 1,1955 the village of Tsuchiai and the village of Okubo were annexed by Urawa, in 1957, the village of Misasa was merged with the town of Toda, but due to strong local opposition, most of the village was transferred to Urawa in 1959. On May 1,2001 the cities of Urawa, Yono, when Saitama was proclaimed a designated city in 2003, the much area of corresponding to former villages of Mutsuji, Yada, Tsuchiai and Miyasasa became Minami Ward. Minami-ku has 14 elementary schools, eight schools, and four high schools. The city has a culture center, there are two public parks, a horse-racing track, and a swimming pool, which in winter serves as a skating rink. Minami-ku is home to Lotte Urawa Stadium, second home field of the Chiba Lotte Marines baseball team, a theme park, Musashi Urawa Ramen Academy, is in the ward
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Minuma-ku, Saitama
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Minuma-ku is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the northern part of the city. As of 1 February 2016, the ward had an population of 87,513. Its total area was 29.14 square kilometres, mimuna-ward is located in the northern side of the city of Saitama. The village of Haruoka was created in 1892 and the village of Nanasato in 1912, on November 3,1930 the village of Ōsato was merged with Ōmiya Town in 1940, becoming part of the city of Ōmiya. On January 1,1955, Ōmiya annexed Katayanagi, Haruoka, on May 1,2001, Ōmiya merged with Urawa and Yono cities to form the new city of Saitama. When Saitama was proclaimed a city in 2003, this area of former Ōmiya city became Minuma Ward. Shibaura Institute of Technology Minuma-ku has eleven schools, eight middle schools. Media related to Minuma-ku, Saitama at Wikimedia Commons Official website
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Nishi-ku, Saitama
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Nishi-ku is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the far western part of the city. As of 1 February 2016, the ward had an population of 87,513. Its total area was 29.14 square kilometres, nishi-ward is located in the extreme western side of the city of Saitama. Nisshin and Mihashi were merged with Ōmiya Town in 1940, becoming part of the city of Ōmiya, in 1955, Ōmiya annexed Sashiougi, Mamiya, and Uemizu. On May 1,2001, Ōmiya merged with Urawa and Yono cities to form the new city of Saitama, when Saitama was proclaimed a designated city in 2003, the far western portion of former Ōmiya city became Nishi Ward. Nishi-ku has eight schools, seven middle schools, four high schools. JR East – Kawagoe Line Nishi-Ōmiya - Sashiōgi Japan National Route 16 Japan National Route 17 Media related to Nishi-ku, Saitama at Wikimedia Commons Official website
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Sakura-ku, Saitama
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Sakura-ku is one of ten wards of the city of Saitama, in Saitama Prefecture, Japan, and is located in the southwestern part of the city. As of 1 February 2016, the ward had an population of 98,029. Its total area was 18.64 square kilometres, Sakura Ward is located in the far southwestern corner of Saitama City on the floodplain of the Arakawa River and the Kamo River. The villages of Okubo and Tsuchiai and Miyamoto were created within Kitaadachi District, on January 1,1955 these villages were annexed by Urawa City. On May 1,2001 the cities of Urawa, Yono, when Saitama was proclaimed a designated city in 2003, the area corresponding to former Okubo and most of former became Sakura Ward. The name of Sakura-ku means Cherry-ward literally, though it refers to Sakura-sō, Saitama University Sakura-ku has eight elementary schools, four middle schools, and three high schools and one special education school. JR East – Musashino Line Nishi-Urawa Shuto Expressway Japan National Route 17 Japan National Route 463 Akigase Park Official website
