Ashkum Township is one of twenty-six townships in Iroquois County, Illinois, USA. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,542 and it contained 662 housing units. Ashkum Township formed from portions of Chebanse Township and Onarga Township in March, 1857.

Iroquois County is a county located in the northeast part of the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2020 United States Census, it has a population of 27,077. It is the only county in the United States named Iroquois. The county seat is Watseka. The county is located along the border with Indiana.