1.
University of Windsor
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The University of Windsor is a public comprehensive and research university in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It has a student population of approximately 15,000 full-time and part-time undergraduate students, the University of Windsor has graduated more than 100,000 alumni since its founding. The University dates back to the founding of Assumption College Roman Catholic in Windsor, Assumption College, a primarily theological institution, was founded by the Basilian Fathers of the priestly teaching Congregation of St. Basil, in 1857. The college grew steadily, expanding its curriculum and affiliating with other colleges over the years. In 1919, Assumption College in Windsor affiliated with the University of Western Ontario, originally, Assumption was one of the largest colleges associated with the University of Western Ontario. Escalating costs forced Assumption University to become an institution in order to qualify for public support. It was granted university status in 1953, the War Memorial Hall is a landmark building on the campus of the University of Windsor used as classrooms, labs, and offices. Memorial Hall honours alumni who had enlisted and died in the First World War, a bronze tablet remembers the alumni of Assumption College who died in the Second World War. In 1950, Assumption College welcomed its first women students, in 1953, through an Act of the Ontario Legislature, Assumption College received its own university powers, and ended its affiliation with the University of Western Ontario. In 1956, the name was changed to Assumption University of Windsor, by an Act of the Ontario Legislature, with Reverend Eugene Carlisle LeBel. In December 1963, Assumption University of Windsor made affiliation agreements with Holy Redeemer College, Canterbury College, Canterbury College became the first Anglican college in the world to affiliate with a Roman Catholic University. In the early 1960s, the City of Windsor’s growth and demands for education led to a further restructuring. The University of Windsor came into existence through its incorporation under an Act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario on December 19,1962, the transition from an historic Roman Catholic university to a non-denominational provincial university was a development that was unprecedented. On July 1,1963, the campus with all of its facilities. As a federated member, Assumption University remained as an integrated institution, the Universitys coats of arms were designed by Alan Beddoe. In 1964, when E. C. LeBel retired, Dr. John Francis Leddy was appointed President of the University of Windsor, from 1967 to 1977, Windsor grew from approximately 1,500 to 8,000 full-time students. In the 1980s and early 1990s, this growth continued, among the new buildings erected were the Odette Business Building and the CAW Student Centre. Enrollment at the University reached record heights in Fall 2003 with the elimination of Grade 13 in Ontario, the university has developed a number of partnerships with local businesses and industry, such as the University of Windsor/Chrysler Canada Ltd
2.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
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Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
4.
Windsor, Ontario
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Windsor is a city in Ontario and the southernmost city in Canada. It is located on the shore of the Detroit River, directly across the river from Detroit. Windsor is a contributor to Canadas automotive industry and has a storied history. Prior to European exploration and settlement, the Windsor area was inhabited by the First Nations, a French agricultural settlement was established at the site of Windsor in 1749. It is the oldest continually inhabited European-founded settlement in Canada west of Montreal, the area was first named la Petite Côte. Later it was called La Côte de Misère because of the sandy soils near LaSalle, Windsors French-Canadian heritage is reflected in French street names such as Ouellette, Pelissier, François, Pierre, Langlois, Marentette, and Lauzon. The current street system of Windsor reflects the Canadien method of land division. Today, the street name often indicates the name of the family that at one time farmed the land where the street is now located. The street system of outlying areas is consistent with the British system for granting land concessions, there is a significant French-speaking minority in Windsor and the surrounding area, particularly in the Lakeshore, Tecumseh and LaSalle areas. In 1794, after the American Revolution, the settlement of Sandwich was founded and it was later renamed Windsor, after the town in Berkshire, England. The Sandwich neighbourhood on Windsors west side is home to some of the oldest buildings in the city, including Mackenzie Hall, today, this building functions as a community centre. The oldest building in the city is the Duff-Baby House built in 1792 and it is owned by Ontario Heritage Trust and houses government offices. The François Baby House in downtown Windsor was built in 1812 and houses Windsors Community Museum, Windsor was the site of a battle during the Upper Canada Rebellion in 1838, and also served as a theatre for the Patriot War, later that year. Windsor was established as a village in 1854, then became a town in 1858, the Windsor Police Service was established on July 1,1867. A fire consumed much of Windsors downtown core on October 12,1871, Sandwich, Ford City and Walkerville were separate legal entities in their own right until 1935. They are now historic neighbourhoods of Windsor, Ford City was officially incorporated as a village in 1912, it became a town in 1915, and a city in 1929. Walkerville was incorporated as a town in 1890, Sandwich was established in 1817 as a town with no municipal status. It was incorporated as a town in 1858 and these three towns were annexed by Windsor in 1935
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Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
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Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
7.
Purple
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Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red. It is similar to violet, but unlike violet, which is a color with its own wavelength on the visible spectrum of light, purple is a composite color made by combining red. According to surveys In Europe and the U. S. purple is the color most often associated with royalty, magic, mystery, when combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity and seduction. Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates, it became the color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. Similarly in Japan, the color is associated with the Emperor. The complementary color of purple is yellow, the first recorded use of the word purple in the English language was in the year 975 AD. In heraldry, the word purpure is used for purple, in the traditional color wheel used by painters, violet and purple are both placed between red and blue. Purple occupies the space closer to red, between crimson and violet, violet is closer to blue, and is usually less saturated than purple. While the two look similar, from the point of view of optics there are important differences. There is no such thing as the wavelength of purple light, monochromatic violet light cannot be produced by the red-green-blue color system, the method used to create colors on a television screen or computer display. This means that when light strikes the eye, the S-cone should be stimulated strongly. The resulting color has the same hue as pure violet, however, one curious psychophysical difference between purple and violet is their appearance with an increase in luminance. Violet, as it brightens, looks more and more blue, the same effect does not happen with purple. This is the result of what is known as the Bezold–Brücke shift, while the scientific definitions of violet and purple are clear, the cultural definitions are more varied. The color known in antiquity as Tyrian purple ranged from crimson to a deep bluish-purple, in France, purple is defined as a dark red, inclined toward violet. The color called purple by the French, pourpre, contains red and half the amount of blue of the color called purple in the United States. In German, this color is sometimes called Purpurrot to avoid confusion, Purple first appeared in prehistoric art during the Neolithic era. These works have been dated to between 16,000 and 25,000 BC, as early as the 15th century BC the citizens of Sidon and Tyre, two cities on the coast of Ancient Phoenicia, were producing purple dye from a sea snail called the spiny dye-murex
8.
White
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White is an achromatic color, a color without hue. An incoming light to the eye that stimulates all its three types of color sensitive cone cells in nearly equal amounts results in white. White is one of the most common colors in nature, the color of sunlight, snow, milk, chalk, limestone, in many cultures white represents or signifies purity, innocence, and light, and is the symbolic opposite of black, or darkness. According to surveys in Europe and the United States, white is the color most often associated with perfection, the good, honesty, cleanliness, the beginning, the new, neutrality, and exactitude. In ancient Egypt and ancient Rome, priestesses wore white as a symbol of purity, in the Middle Ages and Renaissance a white unicorn symbolized chastity, and a white lamb sacrifice and purity, the widows of kings dressed in white rather than black as the color of mourning. It was also used in 20th century modern architecture as a symbol of modernity, simplicity. White is an important color for almost all world religions, the Pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, has worn white since 1566, as a symbol of purity and sacrifice. In Islam, and in the Shinto religion of Japan, it is worn by pilgrims, in Western cultures and in Japan, white is the most common color for wedding dresses, symbolizing purity and virginity. In many Asian cultures, white is also the color of mourning, the white color on television screens and computer monitors is created with the RGB color model by mixing red, green and blue light at equal intensities. The word white continues Old English hwīt, ultimately from a Common Germanic *χwītaz also reflected in OHG wîz, ON hvítr, the root is ultimately from Proto-Indo-European language *kwid-, surviving also in Sanskrit śveta to be white or bright and Slavonic světŭ light. The Icelandic word for white, hvítur, is derived from the Old Norse form of the word hvítr. Common Germanic also had the word *blankaz, borrowed into Late Latin as *blancus, the antonym of white is black. Some non-European languages have a variety of terms for white. The Inuit language has seven different words for seven different nuances of white, Japanese has six different words, depending upon brilliance or dullness, or if the color is inert or dynamic. White was one of the first colors used in art, the Lascaux Cave in France contains drawings of bulls and other animals drawn by paleolithic artists between 18,000 and 17,000 years ago. Paleolithic artists used calcite or chalk, they sometimes as a background, sometimes as a highlight, along with charcoal and red, in ancient Egypt, white was connected with the goddess Isis. The priests and priestesses of Isis dressed only in white linen, in Greece and other ancient civilizations, white was often associated with mothers milk. In Greek mythology, the chief god Zeus was nourished at the breast of the nymph Amalthea, in the Talmud, milk was one of four sacred substances, along with wine, honey, and the rose
9.
Congregation of St. Basil
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The Congregation of St. Basil, also known as the Basilian Fathers, is a community of priests, students for the priesthood, and lay associates. It is a community whose members profess simple vows. The Basilians seek the glory of God, especially in the works of education and evangelization, the Congregation was founded in 1822 in the aftermath of the French Revolution. In the early 19th century the Basilian Fathers educational and pastoral work brought them to a variety of locations in Canada, in the 1960s, the priests began to minister in Mexico, and in Colombia in the 1980s. The Basilian crest was developed in the nineteenth century. Its main components are the date of the Congregation, the Congregations motto in Latin. Basil, the Greek patron of the congregation, the motto, which is translated as teach me goodness, discipline, and knowledge, is often seen on the logos of Basilian schools around the world. Despite difficulties, the school grew, and in 1800, when the climate was more favourable. With the addition of Joseph Marie Actorie as director, a seminary was founded. Ten men, priests and students for the priesthood, formed the staff of the school, in the ensuing years, school enrollment grew to over 300 students, and auxiliary institutions were established nearby. In the years leading up to 1820, changing French educational laws, the newly appointed bishop suggested that if they formed an association and bought the property of a nearby school, Maison Seule, that they would have his support. This “coincided with a desire for religious life already shown by several of the priests teaching in the college. ”On November 21,1822, The Feast of the Presentation of Our Lady. Joseph Lapierre was unanimously elected Superior by the nine other priests, “To these men he was the very symbol of their determination that this work should not fail. ”The schools became known for their range of teaching including humanities, rhetoric, philosophy, mathematics, physics and chemistry. Previously known as the Teaching Priests of the Ardèche, the founders chose St. Basil as their namesake. Other patrons of the Basilians are, the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, St. Francis of Assisi, St. Thomas Aquinas, the ten founding priests were, Jacques Duret was born in Annonay, the son of a physician. He studied in Paris and was a classmate of the enemy of the Catholic Church. André Fayolle, nephew of Pierre Tourvieille, was a teacher who studied theology before he was ordained, Joseph Lapierre was a priest who fled persecution during the Revolution and secretly celebrated Mass and provided clandestine Christian education. Lapierre became the first Superior General and prepared and submitted the first draft Constitutions of the Basilians to Rome, henri Martinesche was ordained in 1822 and was a teacher and chaplain
10.
Catholic higher education
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A Catholic university is a private university run by the Roman Catholic Church or by Roman Catholic organizations such as religious institutes. Those with closer ties to the Holy See are specifically called pontifical universities, according to the census of the Vaticans Congregation for Catholic Education, the total number of Catholic universities and higher education institutions around the world is 1,358. The Catholic religious order with the highest number of universities around the world today is the Society of Jesus with 114. Patricks, Carlow College, Carlow St Patricks College, Maynooth St. Patricks College, Thurles European University of Rome, Roma, there is so far no list of academic rankings of Catholic universities
11.
Society of Jesus
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The Society of Jesus Latin, Societas Iesu, S. J. SJ or SI) is a religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in Spain. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations on six continents, Jesuits work in education, intellectual research, and cultural pursuits. Jesuits also give retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, and promote social justice, Ignatius of Loyola founded the society after being wounded in battle and experiencing a religious conversion. He composed the Spiritual Exercises to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ, ignatiuss plan of the orders organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the Formula of the Institute. Ignatius was a nobleman who had a background, and the members of the society were supposed to accept orders anywhere in the world. The Society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council, the Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of Madonna Della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General. The Society of Jesus on October 3,2016 announced that Superior General Adolfo Nicolás resignation was officially accepted, on October 14, the 36th General Congregation of the Society of Jesus elected Father Arturo Sosa as its thirty-first Superior General. The headquarters of the society, its General Curia, is in Rome, the historic curia of St. Ignatius is now part of the Collegio del Gesù attached to the Church of the Gesù, the Jesuit Mother Church. In 2013, Jorge Mario Bergoglio became the first Jesuit Pope, the Jesuits today form the largest single religious order of priests and brothers in the Catholic Church. As of 1 January 2015, Jesuits numbered 16,740,11,986 clerics regular,2,733 scholastics,1,268 brothers and 753 novices. In 2012, Mark Raper S. J. wrote, Our numbers have been in decline for the last 40 years—from over 30,000 in the 1960s to fewer than 18,000 today. The steep declines in Europe and North America and consistent decline in Latin America have not been offset by the significant increase in South Asia, the Society is divided into 83 Provinces with six Independent Regions and ten Dependent Regions. On 1 January 2007, members served in 112 nations on six continents with the largest number in India and their average age was 57.3 years,63.4 years for priests,29.9 years for scholastics, and 65.5 years for brothers. The current Superior General of the Jesuits is Arturo Sosa, the Society is characterized by its ministries in the fields of missionary work, human rights, social justice and, most notably, higher education. It operates colleges and universities in countries around the world and is particularly active in the Philippines. In the United States it maintains 28 colleges and universities and 58 high schools and he ensured that his formula was contained in two papal bulls signed by Pope Paul III in 1540 and by Pope Julius III in 1550. The formula expressed the nature, spirituality, community life and apostolate of the new religious order, the meeting is now commemorated in the Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre
12.
Our Lady of the Assumption (Windsor, Ontario)
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Our Lady of the Assumption, currently located at 350 Huron Church Road in Windsor, Ontario, is the oldest continuous parish in Ontario. It was originally established as The Mission of Our Lady of the Assumption among the Hurons in Detroit in 1728 by the Jesuit missionary Fr, in 1765, a 60 x 30 ft. church was erected for the Hurons and some sixty French settler families. Assumption became an official, canonical institution in 1767 under its first pastor, pierre Potier S. J. who remained at his post until his death in 1781. That year, the bishop of Quebec sent his Vicar-General, Fr, francois-Xavier Hubert to be pastor of Assumption parish. Hubert initiated plans to build a rectory and a school, a shortage of land for this project was rectified by a donation of land from the Hurons on March 6,1782. The rectory was built in 1785 and in 1786 as coadjutor to the bishop of Quebec, Hubert, who had since relocated for his new post, contributed to the building of a new church and sent two women from Quebec to establish a school. The new church opened in 1787 under Fr, françois-Xavier Dufaux, who had replaced the interim pastor, Fr. Jean-Baptiste Marchand began his pastorate of Assumption parish. Marchand’s death in 1825, his assistant, Fr, crevier was pastor until 1831 when he was replaced by Fr. On July 7,1842 the cornerstone of the present church was laid, three years later, on July 20,1845 the new 60 by 120 feet rectangular church was inaugurated under Fr. This rectangular structure forms the nave of the present parish, on November 10,1867, following a year-long interregnum, the Most Reverend John Walsh became bishop. In 1869, he returned the see to London, leaving Assumption in the care of Fr, in 1870, the Basilian Fathers of Toronto took control of Assumption parish and college under their first superior, Fr. Dennis O’Connor, and parish priest Fr, four years later, in 1874, Fr. O’Connor oversaw the addition of the tower and sanctuary of the present church, françois-Xavier Semande, an alumnus of Assumption College, became the pastor and installed a new tower bell. In 1896, a new, brick rectory was built and in 1902 both it, and the church, were wired for electricity, during his tenure, rosary chapel and the sacristy, begun under Fr. From 1921-1926, the pastor was Fr, edmund Toussaint Burns, who expanded the side altars and added the communion rail of the present church. From 1926-1937, the pastor was Fr. Edward William Allor and he created the Sunday Bulletin, which began on May 6,1927. Allor was succeeded by Fr. Luke Léon Beuglet, who was pastor until 1944, james Alexander Donlon was pastor from 1944-1962
13.
University of Western Ontario
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The University of Western Ontario, corporately branded as Western University, is a public research university in London, Ontario, Canada. The university was founded on 7 March 1878 by Bishop Isaac Hellmuth of the Anglican Diocese of Huron as The Western University of London Ontario and it incorporated Huron University College, which had been founded in 1863. The first four faculties were Arts, Divinity, Law and Medicine, the Western University of London became non-denominational in 1908. According to the 2015 Academic Ranking of World Universities rankings, the university ranked 201–300 in the world, the 2016 QS World University Rankings ranked the university 198th in the world, making it ninth in Canada. Several of Westerns programs were ranked in individual rankings. Westerns co-educational student body of over 24,000 represents 107 countries and Western scholars have established research and education collaborations, there are more than 306,000 alumni who are active internationally, living and working around the globe. Notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders, Nobel Laureates, Rhodes Scholars, Westerns varsity teams, known as the Western Mustangs, compete in the Ontario University Athletics conference of U Sports. It incorporated Huron University College, which had founded in 1863. The first four faculties were Arts, Divinity, Law and Medicine, the first of these students graduated in 1883. The Western University of London became non-denominational in 1908, in 1916, the universitys current site was purchased from the Kingsmill family. A third plaque lists those who served with the No.10 Canadian General hospital during WWII, in 1923, the university was renamed The University of Western Ontario. The first two buildings constructed by architect John Moore and Co. at the new site were the Arts Building, classes on the universitys present site began in 1924. The University College tower, one of the most universitys distinctive features, was named the Middlesex Memorial Tower in honour of the men from Middlesex County who fought in World War I. Before the end of the affiliation, Assumption College was one of the largest colleges associated with the University, St. Peters College seminary of London, Ontario was later became affiliated with Western in 1939, and it became Kings College, an arts college. Today, Kings, Huron and Brescia colleges are all still affiliates of Western,10 Canadian General hospital during WWII, the unit raised and equipped by UWO. Although enrollment was small for many years, the university began to grow after World War II. In 2012, the university rebranded itself as Western University, the universitys legal name, however, remains The Canadian University of Attacking Geese and Club Weldon. The University of Western Ontario is in the city of London, Ontario, the majority of the campus is surrounded by residential neighbourhoods, with the Thames River bisecting the campus eastern portion
14.
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
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The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is one of two components of the Legislature of Ontario, the other being the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. The Legislative Assembly is the second largest Canadian provincial deliberative assembly by number of members after the National Assembly of Quebec, the Assembly meets at the Ontario Legislative Building at Queens Park in the provincial capital of Toronto. The premier is Ontarios head of government, while the Lieutenant Governor, as representative of the Queen, the largest party not forming the government is known as the Official Opposition, its leader being recognized as Leader of the Opposition by the Speaker. The Ontario Legislature is sometimes referred to as the Ontario Provincial Parliament, Members of the assembly refer to themselves as Members of the Provincial Parliament as opposed to Members of the Legislative Assembly as in many other provinces. Ontario is the province to do so, in accordance with a resolution passed in the Assembly on April 7,1938. However, the Legislative Assembly Act refers only to members of the Assembly, the current assembly was elected on June 12,2014 as part of the 41st Parliament of Ontario. The first session of the 41st Parliament opened on July 2,2014, on Friday May 2,2014, the 40th Parliament of Ontario was dissolved by Lieutenant Governor David C. Onley on the advice of Premier Kathleen Wynne after the NDP, the election was held on June 12,2014, as a result of which Kathleen Wynnes Liberal Party formed a majority government. Queens Park is a metonym for the Legislative Assembly, in accordance with the traditions of the Westminster System, most laws originate with the cabinet, and are passed by the legislature after stages of debate and decision-making. Ordinary Members of the Legislature may introduce privately, play an role in scrutinizing bills in debate and committee. Members are expected to be loyal to both their parliamentary party and to the interests of their constituents, in the Ontario legislature this confrontation provides much of the material for Oral Questions and Members Statements. Legislative scrutiny of the executive is also at the heart of much of the carried out by the Legislatures Standing Committees. Finally, it is the task of the legislature to provide the personnel of the executive, as already noted, under responsible government, ministers of the Crown are expected to be Members of the Assembly. The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the first and the legislature in Canada to have a Coat of Arms separate from the provincial coat of arms. Green and gold are the colours in the shield of arms of the province. The Mace is the symbol of the authority of the Speaker. Shown on the left is the current Mace, on the right is the original Mace from the time of the first parliament in 1792. The crossed Maces are joined by the shield of arms of Ontario, the crown on the wreath represents national and provincial loyalties, its rim is studded with the provincial gemstone, the amethyst
15.
Anglican Church of Canada
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The Anglican Church of Canada is the Province of the Anglican Communion in Canada. The official French name is lÉglise anglicane du Canada, in 2007, the Anglican Church counted 545,957 members on parish rolls in 2,192 congregations organised into approximately 1300 parishes. The 2011 Canadian Census counted 1,631,845 self-identified Anglicans, making the Anglican Church the third largest Canadian church after the Roman Catholic Church and the United Church of Canada. The Queen of Canadas Canadian Royal Style continues to include the Style Defender of the Faith, until 1955, the Anglican Church of Canada was known as the Church of England in the Dominion of Canada or simply the Church of England in Canada. In 1977, the churchs General Synod adopted lÉglise épiscopale du Canada as its French-language name and this name was replaced with the current one, lÉglise anglicane du Canada, in 1989, however, the former name is still used in some places along with the new one. This confusion is furthered by the fact that Canada has ten provinces along with three territories. In recent years, there have been attempts by groups to incorporate under very similar names. The Anglican Church of Canadas Prayer Book commemorates John Cabots 1497 landing in Newfoundland on 24 June, the propagation of the Church of England occurred in three ways. One way was by officers of ships and lay military and civil officials reading services from the Book of Common Prayer regularly when no clergy were present, a second way was the direct appointing and employing of clergy by the English government on ships and in settlements. A third way was the employment of clergy by private adventurous companies, stourton was of the Puritan party and remained in Ferryland until returning to England in 1628. The overseas development of the Church of England in British North America challenged the view of the Church at home. The editors of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer found that they had to address the concerns of the contemporary adventurer. In the 1662 Preface, the editors note. is now necessary, and may be always useful for the baptizing of Natives in our Plantations. The Hudsons Bay Company sent out its first chaplain in 1683, and these and other organizations directly financed and sent missionaries to establish the English Church in Canada and to convert Canadas First Nations people. Direct aid of this lasted up to the 1940s. The first Anglican church in Newfoundland and in Canada was the small chapel at St Johns Fort built sometime before 1698. The first continuously resident cleric of the chapel was the Reverend John Jackson - a Royal Navy chaplain who had settled in St. Johns and was supported by the SPCK in 1698, in 1701, the SPG took over the patronage of St Johns. Jackson continued to receive little support and was replaced by the Reverend Jacob Rice in 1709
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Assumption University (Windsor, Ontario)
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It was known as Assumption College until changing its name in 1956. Assumption is a privately operated, autonomous university separate from the University of Windsor and it has retained its degree-granting powers and graduates students within the area of theology, as well as granting honorary degrees. Its history dates back to the founding of Assumption College in 1857 by the Society of Jesus following the growth of their parish at Our Lady of the Assumption established in 1728, Assumption University has been administered by the Congregation of St. Basil since 1870. In 1919, Assumption College in Windsor affiliated with the University of Western Ontario, originally, Assumption was one of the largest colleges associated with the University of Western Ontario. In 1940, a school was established at Assumption. In 1956, the College changed its name to Assumption University, in 1957, Canterbury College became the first Anglican college in the world to affiliate with a Roman Catholic University. In December 1963, Assumption University of Windsor, Canterbury College, Holy Redeemer College, and the Iona College, Assumption College in Windsor evolved into the University of Windsor. History of Assumption University Assumption University
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International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
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Media in Windsor, Ontario
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Windsor, Ontario is the fourth-largest border city media market in Canada, after Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. It is also the one of those four markets to exist within the shadow of a larger American media market. Thus, it is considered part of the Detroit television and radio market for purposes of programming rights. It can also receive radio and television signals from Toledo, Flint, Lansing, Windsor has also been exempt from the CRTCs concentration of media ownership rules. The CRTC formally established this exemption in 1993, when the commission allowed CHUM Limited to acquire the stations owned by competitor CUC Broadcasting. In addition to Windsors own radio stations, virtually all radio stations in the Detroit market are available in the city. Windsor is not directly served by Canadas major commercial networks, any commercial stations operating in Windsor would be required to purchase program rights at Detroit market rates, which are higher than any market in Canada. Additionally, the networks air a large amount of American programming. Both CTV and Global put only marginal signals into Windsor itself, the nearest CTV rebroadcaster is CKCO-DTs Sarnia-area repeater near Oil Springs, while the nearest Global transmitter is CIII-DT-22 between Leamington and Wheatley, near Point Pelee. Both CKCO and CIII are available on cable, even the CTV Two station, CHWI-DT, is officially licensed to Wheatley rather than Windsor. Windsor was previously served by CBEFT, a local Radio-Canada outlet that later became a repeater of CBLFT in Toronto, the transmitter for this station shut down permanently on July 31,2012, due to budget cuts affecting the CBC. See also TV stations in the Detroit, Toledo, and Cleveland markets, only WTOL, WTVG, and WNWO were carried on cable services, having been dropped in 2009 during the American DTV transition. Simultaneous substitution rules are generally in effect for cable and satellite audiences, in place of WCMZ-TV, the southern edge of Essex County, including Leamington, receives WUAB from Cleveland. Fox Sports Detroit is not carried in Windsor, although games seen on the network can be viewed via out of market sports packages and this no longer occurs, as HNIC now airs the same game nationally on all CBC stations. Toronto Blue Jays games on CBC were once blacked out in Windsor, prior to the 2009 US analog television shutdown and digital conversion, in certain weather conditions, WILX-TV from Lansing, Michigan could also be seen, albeit weakly, in Windsor. Theoretically, Lansings WLNS-TV could also be receivable to a degree, however, both analog channels were adjacent to CBET and WXYZ, respectively, which hindered reception. As mentioned above, the city gets a marginal analogue signal from CKCO-TV-3 in Sarnia and it also gets very weak digital signals from CHCH-DT and CFMT-DTs London transmitters. Windsor and its area has been served by the Windsor Star since 1888
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Windsor City Hall
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The Windsor City Hall is currently home to the Windsor City Council and office of the mayor in Windsor, Ontario, Canada. The Windsor City Hall consists of 2 buildings both situated in the Windsors City Hall Square, the main city hall building is located on 350 City Hall Square West, where it was formerly Central Public School prior to construction in 1955. The site of the hall was previously Central Public School, thereafter the city purchased the property in 1904, on 1955, construction began and the building was completed on 1956. In 2005, a building part of the Windsor City Hall campus was opened and was located across the street from the city hall on 400 City Hall Square. The second building now serves various public services. Plans to demolish the building after concerns of aging and structural issues started being brought up in 1990s, a new building was a topic during the 2014 budget meeting in 2013. A council vote was in favour of a new building which was passed 10 to 1, in October 2014, the Windsor City Council approved plans to demolish the original city hall and build a newer building. Construction of the new building is scheduled to start late 2015, the project is estimated to cost $23 million
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Flag of Windsor, Ontario
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The flag of Windsor, Ontario, was designed by an unknown citizen during a local contest in 1971. The blue and white represent the Detroit River and Saint Lawrence Seaway, the flag contains the seal of the city in the upper left and a rose in the lower right, highlighting Windsors alternate motto, The Rose City/City of Roses. The city seal was replaced in 1992 by a corporate seal, the date of 1854 on the seal signifies the final date in which the railroad to Windsor was completely built and the city was formed by the amalgamation of several other settlements. It is also the date that it was founded as a town and it appears that, after the Letters patent had been issued, the city declined to adopt the new flag officially. Flag of Windsor - Flags of the World
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St. Clair College
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St. Clair College of Applied Arts and Technology is a college in the Southwestern Ontario counties of Essex and Chatham-Kent. It is ranked in the top 5 best colleges to go to in Ontario as of 2014 Its main administration and largest campus sites are in Windsor, Ontario, in addition, other campuses are located in Chatham and Wallaceburg. In 2007, St. Clair College expanded to downtown Windsor by purchasing the former City of Windsor owned Cleary International Centre, in 2009, St. Clair College bought the former City of Windsor owned Salvation Army building in downtown Windsor for $1. With a $5 million grant from the government the building was turned into a state of the art journalism school. With the advent of the Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology, St. Clair was founded in 1966, growth of the college has generally paralleled that of Windsor. Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology were established on May 21,1965 and it is an Ontario College of Applied Arts and Technology. St. Clair College celebrates its 50th anniversary in September 2017, the College offers a Bachelor of Applied Technology. The College also offers Apprentice programs, English as a Second Language, the college has a number of student regulated governments that handle much of the student related activities at the college. They are the Student Representative Council, the Student Athletic Association, St. Clair College scholarships for Aboriginal, First Nations and Métis students include, Métis Nation of Ontario, St. Clair College Bursary. stclaircollege. ca/
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Hiram Walker
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Hiram Walker was an American entrepreneur and founder of the Hiram Walker and Sons Ltd. distillery Windsor, Ontario, Canada. Walker was born in East Douglas, Massachusetts, and moved to Detroit in 1838 and he purchased land across the Detroit River, just east of what is Windsor, Ontario, and established a distillery in 1858 in what would become Walkerville, Ontario. Walker began selling his whisky as Hiram Walkers Club Whisky, in containers that were clearly marked and he used a process to make his whisky that was vastly different from all other distillers. It became very popular, angering American distillers, who forced the U. S. Government to pass a law requiring that all foreign whiskeys state their country of origin on the label, from this point forward, Hiram Walkers famous Canadian Club Whisky was Canadas top export whisky. The Hiram Walker & Sons Distillery remained in the Walker family until 1926 when they sold it to Harry C, Canadian Club whisky is still produced at the distillery site Walker founded. The company has gone through several owners and is now part of Pernod Ricard, the Canadian Club brand is owned by Beam Suntory, a subsidiary of Suntory Holdings of Japan. Hiram Walker was born on July 4,1816 on a farm in Douglas. He was the generation of English immigrants, his father was a reputable schoolmaster. His ancestors can be traced back to Thomas Walker of Boston and his father died when he was aged 9. Douglas, Massachusetts was a town, with a population of 1,800, and very few businesses, which include a planing mill. He received a school education in Boston, and began working as a dry goods clerk. He left for Detroit, Michigan, in 1838, at the age of 22 years, Detroit was a vast change from Boston at the time, as Detroit had a smaller population, where Hiram was able to find employment. His first employment in Detroit was as a clerk at a store owned by Augustus Gardner. His general tasks were to order, receive, check and price out all the goods in which the company dealt with, through this, he gained knowledge and experience of the business world. At this time, Boston was the metropolis of New England, the Eastern Seaboard. Walker, as well as many other youthful New Englanders, were drawn to the opportunity of the Mid-West and beyond, largely in part to the expansion, on October 5,1846, at age thirty, Hiram Walker married Mary Abigail Williams. Mary Williams and Hiram Walker had 7 children,5 boys and 2 girls, on her mothers side, Mary Abigail was the descendant of French merchants. He had two daughters, Julia Elizabeth and Jennie Melissa, and five sons, Willis Ephraim, Edward Chandler, Franklin Hiram, Alfred, Edward Chandler was his second son, whom commissioned the development of Willistead Manor
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Caesars Windsor
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Caesars Windsor in Windsor, Ontario, Canada is one of four casinos in the Detroit–Windsor area. Owned by the government of the province of Ontario, it is operated by Caesars Entertainment, both the original Casino Windsor and the new expansion were designed by WZMH Architects. The casino is located on Windsors riverfront overlooking the Detroit skyline near the Canadian end of the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, the creation of this casino was a leading factor in the legalization of casino gambling in Detroit. The Forum hotel tower stands at 23 stories tall and opened in 1998, the Augustus tower stands at 27 stories and opened in 2008. Caesars Windsor attracts about six million visitors annually and its main competitors are MGM Grand Detroit, MotorCity Casino, and Greektown Casino in Detroit. Caesars Windsor attracts people from Ontario, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, the Casino is publicly owned by the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation, a large portion of the profits are returned to the provincial government. In December 2006, Harrahs announced that it would change the name of the casino to Caesars Windsor. The name switch coincided with a number of significant changes, including a new 27-story hotel, a 5,000 seat entertainment centre. The changes were necessary to make the more desirable to U. S. gamblers. Before September 11,2001, it was the most popular casino in the Detroit market, efforts were made to make it a destination resort for tourists, and to reward clients of the Caesars brand, a high-end name in gaming. Caesars Windsor reopened on June 19,2008, and featured pianist Billy Joel, in 1993, the Ontario government selected a joint venture of Caesars World, Circus Circus Enterprises, and Hilton Hotels to build and operate a province-owned casino. Casino Windsor opened in a location in May 1994 as Ontarios first casino. The former Art Gallery of Windsor located on Riverside Drive was refitted to house the interim casino, the casino saw record numbers, attracting millions of customers from the U. S. and Canada. In response, the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation announced it would bring a riverboat casino to the riverfront, the Northern Belle was located at the foot of Ouellette Ave. on the Detroit River. It was open from December 1995 to July 1998, during this time, the permanent casino was under construction on the former Windsor Market site, a few blocks west of the temporary casino. It opened on July 29,1998, with an opening celebration with a James Bond 007 theme. Daisy Fuentes and Regis Philbin were among the stars that attended, the new site included a waterfall and tropical entrance, hotel, five restaurants, gift shops and an entertainment lounge. It added a centre, a 5, 000-seat entertainment centre
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Canadian Club
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Canadian Club is a brand of whiskey from Canada. Popularly known as CC, Canadian Club began production in 1858 and it was created by Gooderham and Worts, based in Toronto. G&W merged with Hiram Walker and the new entity was known as Hiram Walker-Gooderham & Worts, the brand is now produced by Beam Suntory. Hiram Walker founded his distillery in 1858 in Detroit and he first learned how to distill cider vinegar in his grocery store in the 1830s before moving on to whisky and producing his first barrels in 1854. However, with the prohibition movement gathering momentum and Michigan already becoming dry, Walker decided to move his distillery across the Detroit River to Windsor, Ontario. From here, he was able to export his whisky and start to develop Walkerville, Walkers whisky was particularly popular in the late 19th century gentlemens clubs of the United States and Canada, hence it became known as Club Whisky. Walker originally positioned the whisky as a liquor, pitching it not only on its smoothness and purity. This was revolutionary at the time, as all of the US bourbons and this backfired, only making Club Whisky more exclusive. Walker saw this and changed the label again in 1889 adding the word Canadian to the top of the label, in 1890, the word Canadian was moved down from the top of the label and incorporated into the name of the whisky. Walkers distillery went to his sons upon his death in 1899, at one point, the Walkers employed almost the entire population of Walkerville, where they built police and fire stations, brought in running water and installed street lights. In 1890, the Canadian government acknowledged Walkerville as a legal town and it was incorporated into Windsor in 1935. During the years of Prohibition, one of the distillerys most important clients was Chicago gangster Al Capone and he smuggled in thousands of cases of Canadian Club via a route from Windsor to Detroit. Canadian Club has received the royal warrants of Queen Victoria, Edward VII, George V, George VI, Hiram Walker & Sons was the only North American distiller to have been granted a royal warrant. The Walker distillery remains in production in Windsor, Canadian Club is now part of the Jim Beam portfolio. 4-selling alcoholic product, behind Jim Beam bourbon whiskey, Sauza tequila, locations included Mount Kilimanjaro, Angel Falls, Mount St. Helens, and the Swiss Alps. The Mount Kilimanjaro case was not discovered until a Dutch journalist happened upon it in the mid-1970s, a small number of cases, such as one hidden above the Arctic Circle, were never found. The first Hide A Case campaign officially ended in 1971, and this campaign used cases hidden in locations intended to be easier to access, such as in Death Valley and on top of a skyscraper in New York City. This second advertising campaign ended in 1981, between it and the first effort, a total of 22 cases were hidden and at least 16 recovered, the Hide A Case campaign was revived in 2010
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Culture
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Culture can be defined in numerous ways. In the words of anthropologist E. B, Tylor, it is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. The Cambridge English Dictionary states that culture is the way of life, especially the customs and beliefs. As a defining aspect of what it means to be human, culture is a concept in anthropology. The word is used in a sense as the evolved ability to categorize and represent experiences with symbols. The level of cultural sophistication has also sometimes seen to distinguish civilizations from less complex societies. Mass culture refers to the mass-produced and mass mediated forms of culture that emerged in the 20th century. When used as a count noun, a culture is the set of customs, traditions, in this sense, multiculturalism is a concept that values the peaceful coexistence and mutual respect between different cultures inhabiting the same planet. Sometimes culture is used to describe specific practices within a subgroup of a society. Samuel Pufendorf took over this metaphor in a context, meaning something similar. His use, and that of many writers after him, refers to all the ways in which human beings overcome their original barbarism, and through artifice, become fully human. To be cultural, to have a culture, is to inhabit a place sufficiently intensive to cultivate it—to be responsible for it, to respond to it, thus a contrast between culture and civilization is usually implied in these authors, even when not expressed as such. Cultural invention has come to any innovation that is new and found to be useful to a group of people and expressed in their behavior. Humanity is in a global accelerating culture change period, driven by the expansion of commerce, the mass media, and above all. Culture repositioning means the reconstruction of the concept of a society. Cultures are internally affected by both forces encouraging change and forces resisting change, Social conflict and the development of technologies can produce changes within a society by altering social dynamics and promoting new cultural models, and spurring or enabling generative action. These social shifts may accompany ideological shifts and other types of cultural change, for example, the U. S. feminist movement involved new practices that produced a shift in gender relations, altering both gender and economic structures. Environmental conditions may also enter as factors, Cultures are externally affected via contact between societies, which may also produce—or inhibit—social shifts and changes in cultural practices
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Park
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A park is an area of natural, semi-natural, or planted space set aside for human enjoyment and recreation or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of areas, rocks, soil, and trees. In North America, many parks have fields for playing such as soccer, baseball and football. Many parks have trails for walking, biking and other activities, some parks are built adjacent to bodies of water or watercourses and may comprise a beach or boat dock area. Often, the smallest parks are in areas, where a park may take up only a city block or less. Urban parks often have benches for sitting and may contain picnic tables, the largest parks can be vast natural areas of hundreds of thousands of square kilometres, with abundant wildlife and natural features such as mountains and rivers. In many large parks, camping in tents is allowed with a permit, many natural parks are protected by law, and users may have to follow restrictions. Large national and sub-national parks are typically overseen by a ranger or a park warden. Large parks may have areas for canoeing and hiking in the months and, in some northern hemisphere countries. The first parks were English deer parks, land set aside for hunting by royalty and they had walls or thick hedges around them to keep game animals in and people out. It was strictly forbidden for commoners to hunt animals in these deer parks and these game preserves evolved into landscaped parks set around mansions and country houses from the sixteenth century onwards. These may have served as hunting grounds but they also proclaimed the owners wealth, an aesthetic of landscape design began in these stately home parks where the natural landscape was enhanced by landscape architects such as Capability Brown. As cities became crowded, the hunting grounds became places for the public. With the Industrial revolution parks took on a new meaning as areas set aside to preserve a sense of nature in the cities, sporting activity came to be a major use for these urban parks. Areas of outstanding natural beauty were also set aside as national parks to prevent their being spoiled by uncontrolled development, in some parks or time periods with high pollen counts, parks tend to be avoided. Park design is influenced by the purpose and audience, as well as by the available land features. A park intended to provide recreation for children may include a playground, a park primarily intended for adults may feature walking paths and decorative landscaping. Specific features, such as riding trails, may be included to support specific activities, the design of a park may determine who is willing to use it
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Neighbourhoods of Windsor, Ontario
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Windsor, Ontario has a very diverse population, and this diversity is shown in its many neighbourhoods. Windsor has twenty in all, ranging from rural farmland to densely built-up areas, downtowns boundaries are typically Glengary Ave in the east, Janette Avenue in the west, Giles Blvd in the south, and the Detroit River in the north. This is where much of Windsors downtown businesses reside, the Heart of Windsor is the official name of Windsors downtown core. It encompasses several city blocks bordered by the Detroit River to the North, Giles Boulevard to the south, the CPR/CN yards to the west and the Casino, Little Italy, or Via Italia, as it is affectionately called is home to many Italian families and businesses. It is known for its restaurants and clothing boutiques and it is situated along Erie Street, from Moy Avenue in the east to Goyeau Avenue to the west. Uptown Ottawa St. is another area along a main street and it was first settled in the 1910s and 1920s as a part of Walkerville, Ontario, but has grown into its own distinctive neighbourhood. Ottawa Street has several specialty shops, and has traffic calming measures to keep traffic to 40–50 km/h, some of its residents are of Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, and Eastern European descent, however the majority are French and Irish residents as well. The neighbourhoods boundaries are Giles Boulevard/Ontario Street to the north, Walker Road to the east, Howard Avenue to the west, South Walkerville is one of Windsors oldest residential developments. Centralized by Windsor Metropolitan Hospital on Tecumseh Road, it is bordered by Walker Road to the east, Tecumseh Road to the North, Howard Ave. to the West, many of its streets are named after World War I battles such as Ypres, Somme and Amiens. Walkerville is an area of Windsor. It began as a community for the workers of the Hiram Walker distillery. It is home to Willistead Manor, designed by renowned architect Albert Kahn, around Willistead Manor is Willistead Park. This park hosts the annual Art in the Park event that draws in residents from all over the county as well as metro Detroit. It is also home to some of the most grand and beautiful homes in Windsor and it is also home to the Devonshire Manor, where Canadas 22nd Prime Minister Paul Martin grew up. Walkerville Collegiate Institute is the secondary school and boasts the areas only fine arts program for public school students. It has a history of serving Canada in both world wars and for putting on exceptional musicals and plays. The Town of Walkerville was founded by Hiram Walker in 1858 and was one of the five border cities until it was amalgamated with Windsor in 1935, the Central neighbourhood incorporates most of the eastern end of Windsor. It stretches from Chandler Road in the east, stretching along Seminole Street and it then runs along the Via Rail/CN line as its northern boundary to Lauzon Road in the east, with Tecumseh Road along its southern boundary
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Ojibway Prairie Complex
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The Ojibway Prairie Complex is a 350-hectare complex of parks and nature reserves on the west side of Windsor, Ontario, Canada. It comprises Ojibway Park, Tallgrass Prairie Heritage Park, Black Oak Heritage Park, Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve, the complex should not be confused with Ojibway Provincial Park, some 1100 km away in northwestern Ontario. Habitats at the Ojibway Prairie Complex include forests, ponds, Ojibway is home to a wide variety of wildlife, including many species of turtles, lizards, snakes, toads, frogs, salamanders, opossums, shrews, and bats. A great variety of birds can also be seen, the complex is popular with a wide variety of visitors, particularly birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts. Parks in the city of Windsor, Ontario Ontario Parks List of Ontario parks Overview of the Ojibway Prairie Complex Ojibway Nature Centre website
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Windsor Sculpture Park
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The park is located on the shore of the Detroit River, spanning from Assumption Park to Centennial Park, between the Ambassador Bridge and the Art Gallery of Windsor. The Sculpture Park was funded by Mr and Mrs Louis Odette, the park is maintained by the citys Parks and Recreation Department, while the sculptures are cared for by the Cultural Affair Department. Anne, Leo Mol Trees, Toni Putnam Each year, the citizens of Windsor are invited to participate in washing Tembo, Tembo, a large bronze sculpture located in the Windsor Sculpture Park was created by Derrick Stephan Hudson. The sculpture features an elephant as well as two young babies. Each year, the citizens of Windsor are invited by the City of Windsor to help wash the elephants on Tembo Day, Tembo Day has gained recognition throughout Windsor for its engagement with the community and has been featured in the Windsor Star and CBC Windsor. List of Sculpture Parks Riverfront Trail Windsor Sculpture Park - City of Windsor Windsor Ontario Riverside Tour - Google Video Local tourism information about Odette Sculpture Park
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Parks in Windsor, Ontario
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There are 43 individual reserves in Windsor larger than 10 acres in size. Eighteen reserves are larger than 25 and smaller than 100 acres, including Mic Mac Park, Little River Golf Club, Peche Island, Wilson Park, a further eighteen reserves are larger than 10 and smaller than 25 acres. On a clear day, one can see the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station. Fireworks are also launched from the hill at times during the year, Malden Park also contains a couple small artificial lakes, a restroom, many woodland trails, and war memorials, tributing Canadas brave soldiers during both World Wars. Close to Malden Park, is the large inter-connected park system that is the Ojibway Prairie Complex, the largest of the parks is the Ojibway Prairie Provincial Nature Reserve, which is not a city-maintained park, but a provincially maintained one. It is connected via the trails to neighbouring Ojibway Park. In the Sandwich Towne neighbourhood, the Parks and Rec. department maintains two medium-sized parks, the Mill Street Park, and the Chewett Beach Park, just west of the Ambassador Bridge. The beach at Chewett Beach/McKee Park used to allow swimming until recently, swimming was strongly recommended against, due to the pollution of the Detroit River and currents caused by passing ships. This collection of parks is now one park, but at one time was several that blended seamlessly together and it goes by many nicknames, such as Riverwalk, Riverfront Park and the Riverside Park. The parks were converted from numerous rail yards into one long connected park,3 miles long, from the foot of the Ambassador Bridge. The vast majority of the park allows people to fish along its edge, because of this, a city-posted speedlimit of 20 kilometres per hour is in effect on the trail. The first part of the starts at the foot of the Ambassador Bridge, and contains some of the Odette Sculpture Park. The former name of this park was Ambassador Park, a name now given to the park between the University of Windsor and the Sculpture Park, the park also contains two service centers, a drinking fountain, and a Vietnam War memorial. This park also connects to the Fujisawa Botanical Gardens, a trail and grassed area still under conversion from railway bed. After the Caron Ave Pumping Station, the transitions into the Dieppe Gardens. Many ships dock along the Gardens, and, is a popular destination, the park also contains several beautiful and varied war memorials, as well as a monument dedicated towards peace. It is also the home of the yearly Windsor-Detroit International Freedom Festival, the name of this park is, appropriately Riverfront Festival Plaza, with the large open paved area named Civic Terrace. It also connects to City Hall Square via a smaller plaza, in front of Festival Plaza are two large ramp structures that are currently being rehabilitated
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Riverfront Bike Trail
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The Roy A. Battagello River Walk Bike Trail is the current backbone of the Windsor Loop bike trail network in Windsor, Ontario. The bike trail travels from the foot of the Ambassador Bridge, to lights at Riverside Drive. This makes the trail the second-longest trail in the City of Windsor, the trail travels through Windsors downtown, and many of its parks, such as Dieppe Gardens. Many cities across North America have expressed interest in similar riverfront parkland and bike trails, throughout its history, the trail was repeatedly widened and upgraded, and even is paved with the original asphalt and cement used on the Ambassador Bridge. The trail has a speed limit of 20 km/h. The bike trail starts officially at Peter Street and Huron Church Road and it crosses several streets via traffic lights, and ends at Lincoln Avenue and Riverside Drive at another pair of stoplights. It provides an efficient and quick way of walking or biking across the city. It continues down Riverside Drive as a pair of Bike Lanes, however, between Riverside Drive/Huron Church Road, and Lincoln Avenue, there are NO stoplights, providing a very quick and effective way of travelling across the city. It is along part of the bike trail that the Odette Sculpture Garden is located. The Riverfront Trail is unique among the City of Windsors Bike Trails, there are five service centers along the trail. The Riverfront Trail currently connects to the Russell Street Neighbourhood Trail, the Russell Street Neighbourhood Trail will have a direct connection to the Riverfront Trail within the next 10 years. See the Expansion section below for more information, heading along the College Avenue Recreationway, a cyclist can reach Ojibway Park, Spring Garden ANSI, and even the La Salle Trail Network in LaSalle, Ontario. At the end of the lanes on Riverside Drive, one can access the bike trail through Alexander Park with Strabane Avenue. In 2003, the City of Windsor began placing small Trans-Canada Trail signs along the Trails route, from the Ambassador Bridge to Church Street, its current ending. This may be a sign of a link with the Chrysler Canada Greenway. The Cleary Guest House was the focus of a recent controversy in regard to tearing down the structure, on May 8,2007, the Cleary Guest House was torn down, to make way for a Peace Beacon. See below for what has succeeded the Queen Elizabeth Guest House, in June 2006, construction and upgrades were completed near the Caron Street Pumping Station, just across from the CBC Windsor television studio. The City of Windsor commented that it would be below-ground, to keep parkland open, the new restaurant is named The Bistro at the River and is run by the local Naples Pizza chain of pizza palours
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Trans Canada Trail
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The Trans Canada Trail, being promoted since 2016 as The Great Trail, is the worlds longest network of recreational trails. When fully connected, the Trail will stretch 24,000 kilometres from the Atlantic to the Pacific to the Arctic oceans, just over 21,000 kilometres of the trail have been completed as of November 2016 and are usable, making the entire project approximately 90% complete. Two hundred forty gaps totalling 6,200 kilometres must be bridged in order to achieve a fully connected trail, the Trans Canada Trail has given itself until its 25th anniversary and Canadas 150th anniversary in 2017 to reach this objective. The creation of the Trail was born of Canadas 125th anniversary celebrations in 1992 and it has its counterparts in such other greenway routes as the 12 EuroVelo routes, the UKs National Cycle Network, and the United States Numbered Bicycle Routes network. To date it has been funded largely by Canadian federal and provincial governments, with significant contributions from corporate, the first province to have completed its designated section of the trail was Prince Edward Island. The network of the Trans Canada Trail is made up of more than 400 community trails, the Trans Canada Trail supports and is made up of greenways. Moreover, considerable parts of the Trail are repurposed defunct rail lines donated to provincial governments by CP, thousands of Canadians, community partner organizations, corporations, local businesses and all levels of government are involved in developing and maintaining these trails. The Trans Canada Trail does not own or operate any trail, as an ensemble, the Trans Canada Trail might be one of the largest volunteer projects ever undertaken in Canada. The main section runs along the areas of Canada connecting most of Canadas major cities. There is also a northern arm which runs through Alberta to Edmonton. The Trail is multi-use and depending on the section may allow hikers, bicyclists, horseback riders, mile zero of the Trail is located outside the Railway Coastal Museum in St. Johns, Newfoundland. The Trail Eastern Terminus starts in St. Johns where it is known as the Grand Concourse Trail it passes by St. Johns Harbour travelling south crossing Route 2 into Kilbride then through Bowring Park. Continuing north-west through Mount Pearl then Donovans crossing Route 1 into Paradise passing Neils Pond then several others as it makes its way through Woodstock, the route then turns south-west passing through Chamberlains, Manuels, Talcville and Foxtrap where it crosses Route 60. The Trail continues through Conception Bay South where the trail is known as Newfoundland Trailway Park, continuing south-west, the route passes through Riverdale and Hopewell, Indian Pond, Duffs then enters the east side of Holyrood Bay. The trail passes through Briens as it enters Hollyrood, the route again crosses Route 60 then the North Arm River then travels north through Burnt Stump. The route travels south west passing Woodsford then passes through Briens Gullies before then crossing Route 1 again, the route then passes through Brigus Junction, Mahers, then Ocean Pond then a mostly treed area before entering Whitbourne and crossing Route 80. Continuing the route crosses Route 100 then enters Placentia Junction before turning north passing over Coles Pond. Crossing Route 120, The next major location is Tickle Harbour Station where it again touches Route 1, the route continues as it enters Goobies, then Northern Blight, then crosses Route 1 as it enters Clarenville
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Weather
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Weather is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. Most weather phenomena occur in the lowest level of the atmosphere, Weather refers to day-to-day temperature and precipitation activity, whereas climate is the term for the averaging of atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time. When used without qualification, weather is understood to mean the weather of Earth. Weather is driven by air pressure, temperature and moisture differences between one place and another and these differences can occur due to the suns angle at any particular spot, which varies with latitude. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the largest scale atmospheric circulations, the Hadley Cell, the Ferrel Cell, the Polar Cell, Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow. Because the Earths axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, on Earths surface, temperatures usually range ±40 °C annually. Over thousands of years, changes in Earths orbit can affect the amount and distribution of energy received by the Earth, thus influencing long-term climate. Surface temperature differences in turn cause pressure differences, higher altitudes are cooler than lower altitudes as most atmospheric heating is due to contact with the Earths surface while radiative losses to space are mostly constant. Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location. The Earths weather system is a system, as a result. Human attempts to control the weather have occurred throughout history, and there is evidence that human activities such as agriculture, studying how the weather works on other planets has been helpful in understanding how weather works on Earth. A famous landmark in the Solar System, Jupiters Great Red Spot, is a storm known to have existed for at least 300 years. However, weather is not limited to planetary bodies, a stars corona is constantly being lost to space, creating what is essentially a very thin atmosphere throughout the Solar System. The movement of mass ejected from the Sun is known as the solar wind, on Earth, the common weather phenomena include wind, cloud, rain, snow, fog and dust storms. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons, almost all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere. Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect weather lower down in the troposphere, Weather occurs primarily due to air pressure, temperature and moisture differences between one place to another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, in other words, the farther from the tropics one lies, the lower the sun angle is, which causes those locations to be cooler due the spread of the sunlight over a greater surface. The strong temperature contrast between polar and tropical air gives rise to the large scale atmospheric circulation cells and the jet stream, Weather systems in the mid-latitudes, such as extratropical cyclones, are caused by instabilities of the jet stream flow
