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Astronomical spectroscopy
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Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects. A stellar spectrum can reveal many properties of stars, such as their chemical composition, temperature, density, mass, distance and luminosity. Spectroscopy can show the velocity of motion towards or away from the observer by measuring the Doppler shift. Spectroscopy is also used to study the physical properties of many other types of celestial objects such as planets, nebulae, galaxies, and active galactic nuclei.
The Star-Spectroscope of the Lick Observatory in 1898. Designed by James Keeler and constructed by John Brashear.
The Star-Spectroscope of the Lick Observatory in 1898. Designed by James Keeler and constructed by John Brashear.
With a reflection grating, incident light is separated into several diffraction orders which separate different wavelengths apart (red and blue lines)
With a reflection grating, incident light is separated into several diffraction orders which separate different wavelengths apart (red and blue lines), excepting the 0-th order (black).
Spectroscopy
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Spectroscopy is the field of study that measures and interprets electromagnetic spectra. In narrower contexts, spectroscopy is the precise study of color as generalized from visible light to all bands of the electromagnetic spectrum.
An example of spectroscopy: a prism analyses white light by dispersing it into its component colors.
An example of spectroscopy: a prism analyses white light by dispersing it into its component colors.
A huge diffraction grating at the heart of the ultra-precise ESPRESSO spectrograph.
A huge diffraction grating at the heart of the ultra-precise ESPRESSO spectrograph.
UVES is a high-resolution spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope.
UVES is a high-resolution spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope.
Atomic spectra comparison table, from "Spektroskopische Methoden der analytischen Chemie" (1922).
Atomic spectra comparison table, from "Spektroskopische Methoden der analytischen Chemie" (1922).