Astronomical transit
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In astronomy, a transit is the passage of a celestial body directly between a larger body and the observer. As viewed from a particular vantage point, the transiting body appears to move across the face of the larger body, covering a small portion of it.
Transit of Venus as seen from Earth, 2012
Io transits across Jupiter as seen by Cassini spacecraft
The light curve shows the change in Luminosity of star as a result of transiting. The data was collected from the Kepler mission.
Eclipse
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An eclipse is an astronomical event which occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured, by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer. This alignment of three celestial objects is known as a syzygy. An eclipse is the result of either an occultation or a transit. A "deep eclipse" is when a small astronomical object is behind a bigger one.
Totality during the 1999 solar eclipse. Solar prominences can be seen along the limb (in red) as well as extensive coronal filaments.
The shadow of an eclipse on Earth as seen from space
The progression of a solar eclipse on August 1, 2008, viewed from Novosibirsk, Russia. The time between shots is three minutes.
This print shows Parisians watching the solar eclipse of July 28, 1851