The men's hammer throw was a competition at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The event was held at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange between 17–19 August. There were 32 competitors from 24 nations. The event was won by Dilshod Nazarov of Tajikistan, the nation's first medal in the men's hammer throw and first gold medal in any Olympic event. Ivan Tsikhan of Belarus took silver, the 14th man to win multiple medals in the event in adding to his 2008 bronze. Bronze went to Wojciech Nowicki of Poland, the nation's first medal in the event since 2000.

Javier Cienfuegos Pinilla is a Spanish hammer thrower and the junior world record holder. Javier represents his club CA Playas de Castellón, and is coached by Raul Jimeno. His personal best and junior world record with the 6 kg hammer, a throw of 82,96 m, was set in Madrid 17 June 2009. On 5 May 2012, he became the Spanish record holder with the senior weight hammer, which weighs 7,26 kg (16 lbs), after making a throw of 76,21 meters. He established a new national record of 78.70 m at the Estadi Olímpic Camilo Cano of La Nucia, on 31 August 2019. On 6 September 2019, he improved this record with a mark of 79.38 m.