1.
Johns Creek, Georgia
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Johns Creek is a city located in Fulton County in the U. S. state of Georgia. According to the 2010 U. S. Census, the population was 76,728, the city is a northeastern suburb of Atlanta. According to USA TODAY, Johns Creek is the 3rd best city in the United States, in the early 19th century, the Johns Creek area was dotted with trading posts along the Chattahoochee River in what was then Cherokee territory. The Cherokee nation was a confederacy of agrarian villages led by a chief, after Europeans colonized the area, the Cherokee developed an alphabet, and a legislature and judiciary system patterned after the American model. Some trading posts gradually became crossroads communities where pioneer families – Rogers, McGinnis, Findley, Buice, Cowart, Medlock and others – gathered to visit and sell their crops. By 1820, the community of Sheltonville was a crossing site, with the McGinnis Ferry and Rogers Ferry carrying people. Further south, the Nesbit Ferry did the same near another crossroads community known as Newtown. S, government in 1830, and the subsequent forced exile of Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma and other areas of the American West. A few Cherokees remained, the most famous being Sarah Cordery, the half-blood Cherokee wife of pioneer John Rogers, Rogers was a respected, influential plantation owner and colleague of President Andrew Jackson. Rogerss 1828 home – today, a residence in Johns Creek – was an overnight stop-over for Jackson. Much later, the home was visited by famed humorist Will Rogers. Johns Creeks name comes from John Rogerss son, Johnson K. Rogers, a local tributary was named after him, and the name Johns Creek eventually came to be the name of the area. In 1831, much of the land in the former Cherokee Nation north of the Chattahoochee was combined into the massive Cherokee County, when Milton County was formed in 1858, the Johns Creek area was folded into it. In the 1930s, during the Great Depression, Milton County was dissolved, the four main crossroad communities — Ocee, Newtown, Shakerag and Warsaw — remained the social, educational and business centers of rural, unincorporated northeast Fulton County. In 1981, a group of Georgia Institute of Technology graduates bought 1,700 acres of farmland and woods near McGinnis Ferry, the new office park was to mirror one built in 1970 in nearby Peachtree Corners, known as Technology Park/Atlanta. Spotting tiny Johns Creek on an old map, they named their mixed-use and this is the first reference to Johns Creek as a place. The area grew over the years to become the home of 200 companies – many of them Fortune 500 firms – with nearly 11,000 people spread over 6,000,000 square feet of office, retail and industrial space. With the jobs came houses and shopping centers, and the population increased to about 60,000, by 2000, a grassroots movement to incorporate the Johns Creek area into a city was slowly developing. Residents wanted more control over such as traffic, growth, development
2.
Golf course
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A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played. It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards. A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes, most courses contain 18 holes, some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round. Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes, many older courses are links, often coastal. Courses are private, public, and municipally owned, and typically feature a pro shop, many private courses are found at country clubs. Although a specialty within landscape design or landscape architecture, golf course architecture is considered a field of study. While golf courses often follow the landscape, some modification is unavoidable. This is increasingly the case as new courses are likely to be sited on less optimal land. Bunkers and sand traps are almost always artificial, although other hazards may be natural, the layout of a fairway follows certain traditional principles, such as the number of holes, their par values, and the number of holes of each par value per course. It is also preferable to arrange greens to be close to the tee box of the next hole, to minimize travel distance while playing a round. Combined with the need to all the fairways within what is frequently a compact square or rectangular plot of land. In complex areas, two holes may share the same tee box, fairway, or even green and it is also common for separate tee-off points to be positioned for men, women, and amateurs, each one respectively lying closer to the green. Eighteen-hole courses are traditionally broken down into a front 9 and a back 9. On older courses, the holes may be out in one long loop, beginning and ending at the clubhouse, and thus the front 9 is referred to on the scorecard as out. More recent courses tend to be designed with the front 9, a successful design is as visually pleasing as it is playable. Most golf courses have only par-3, -4, and -5 holes, typical distances for the various holes from standard tees are as follows. Terrain can also be a factor, so that a long downhill hole might be rated par 4 and this compensates for the generally longer distance pro players can put on tee and fairway shots as compared to the average bogey golfer. The game of golf is played in what is called a round and this consists of playing a set number of holes in an order predetermined by the course
3.
Robert Trent Jones
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Robert Trent Jones Sr. was an English–American golf course architect who designed or re-designed more than 500 golf courses in 45 U. S. states and 35 countries. In reference to this, Jones took pride in saying, The sun never sets on a Robert Trent Jones golf course, Jones received the 1987 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, GCSAAs highest honor. Also in 1987, he was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame, Robert Trent Jones was born on June 20,1906, in Ince-in-Makerfield, England, to Welsh parents. At age five or six, Jones immigrated with his parents to the United States, Jones worked as a caddy at The Country Club of Rochester and accepted a job as golf professional at Sodus Bay Heights Golf Club in nearby Sodus Point, New York. He met Donald Ross as a youth and, taking up the game, recorded the best score of all the amateur golfers at the 1927 Canadian Open and set a course record at Rochester. Jones went into business with Canadian architect Stanley Thompson after concluding his studies at Cornell, following his partnership with Thompson, Jones went into business on his own and began designing local courses in the United States in the 1930s. Many of these, such as the 1936 course at Green Lakes State Park, were built using labor provided by the Works Progress Administration. Shortly after World War II, Jones got his first major assignment designing the Peachtree Golf Club in Atlanta in collaboration with golf legend Bobby Jones, at Bobby Jones request, Jones redesigned the 11th and 16th holes at Augusta National Golf Club. Despite the similarity of their names, the two men were not related, to make this distinction clear, Robert began using the middle name Trent shortly afterward. In 1955, Gene Hamm helped Jones build the Duke University Golf Course in Durham and he moved from there to Delaware to continue work with Jones, and then in 1959 moved back to Raleigh where he began his own design career. During the 1950s, Jones annual income was reported as being $600, 000—according to Golf Digest and he was commissioned in 1990 to design a set of 18 courses in Alabama, the Robert Trent Jones Golf Trail, the largest single golf design contract in history. Jones was married to Ione Jones, who died in 1987, Jones continued to design golf courses in his later years until health problems prompted him to retire to Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, where he died on June 14,2000. List of golf designed by Robert Trent Jones Robert Trent Jones Sr. at the World Golf Hall of Fame Robert Trent Jones Society
4.
Rees Jones
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Rees Jones is an American golf course architect. He was born in Montclair, New Jersey the son of golf course designer Robert Trent Jones. His first exposure to golf course design came as a boy when he would accompany his father surveying courses, after attending Yale and graduate studies at Harvard Universitys Graduate School of Design, he joined his father and older brother at Robert Trent Jones Incorporated. He helped his father on numerous courses until forming his own firm in 1974 and he has designed or redesigned over 100 golf courses in his career. Jones continues to design courses and currently resides in his hometown of Montclair and he has also served as the president of the American Society of Golf Course Architects. A noted environmentalist, he has been a champion for the cause of environmentally friendly golf courses. Jones received the 2004 Old Tom Morris Award from the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, louis, Missouri - reconstruction Cog Hill Golf & Country Club Dubsdread Course No
5.
Par (score)
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In golf, par is the predetermined number of strokes that a scratch golfer should require to complete a hole, a round, or a tournament. Pars are the component of stroke play, the most common kind of play in professional golf tournaments. The term is used in golf-like sports such as disc golf. The length of each hole from the tee placement to the pin mostly determines par values for each hole, almost invariably, holes are assigned par values between three and five strokes. For a casual player from the middle tees, a hole will be 100–250 yards from the tee to the pin. Par-five holes are typically 470–600 yards, but in the modern game holes of over 600 yards are becoming common in championship play. Other relevant factors in setting the par for the hole include the terrain, some golf courses feature par-sixes and, very rarely, par-sevens, but the latter are not recognised by the United States Golf Association. Typical championship golf courses have par values of 72, comprising four par-threes, ten par-fours, championship course par can be as high as 73 to as low as 69. Most 18-hole courses not designed for championships have a par close to 72, Courses with par above 73 are rare. Courses built on small parcels of land will often be designed as Par-3 Courses in which every hole is a par-three. A golfers score is compared with the par score, if a course has a par of 72 and a golfer takes 75 strokes to complete the course, the reported score is +3, or three-over-par and takes three shots more than par to complete the course. If a golfer takes 70 strokes, the score is –2. Tournament scores are reported by totalling scores relative to par in each round, if each of the four rounds has a par of 72, the tournament par would be 288. For example, a golfer could record a 70 in the first round, a 72 in the round, a 73 in the third round. That would give a tournament score of 284, or four-under-par, scores on each hole are reported in the same way that course scores are given. Names are commonly given to scores on holes relative to par, Bogey means one shot more than par. Going round in bogey originally meant an overall par score, starting at the Great Yarmouth Golf Club in 1890, and based on the phrase bogey man, nationally, players competed against Colonel Bogey, and this gave the title to a 1914 marching tune, Colonel Bogey March. As golf became more standardised in the United States, par scores were tightened and recreational golfers found themselves scoring over par, bogeys are relatively common, even in professional play
6.
Atlanta
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Atlanta is the capital of and the most populous city in the U. S. state of Georgia, with an estimated 2015 population of 463,878. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to 5,710,795 people, Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County. In 1837, Atlanta was founded at the intersection of two lines, and the city rose from the ashes of the American Civil War to become a national center of commerce. Atlantas economy is considered diverse, with dominant sectors that include logistics, professional and business services, media operations, Atlanta has topographic features that include rolling hills and dense tree coverage. Revitalization of Atlantas neighborhoods, initially spurred by the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, has intensified in the 21st century, altering the demographics, politics. Prior to the arrival of European settlers in north Georgia, Creek Indians inhabited the area, standing Peachtree, a Creek village located where Peachtree Creek flows into the Chattahoochee River, was the closest Indian settlement to what is now Atlanta. As part of the removal of Native Americans from northern Georgia from 1802 to 1825, the Creek ceded the area in 1821. In 1836, the Georgia General Assembly voted to build the Western, the initial route was to run southward from Chattanooga to a terminus east of the Chattahoochee River, which would then be linked to Savannah. After engineers surveyed various possible locations for the terminus, the zero milepost was driven into the ground in what is now Five Points. A year later, the area around the milepost had developed into a settlement, first known as Terminus, and later as Thrasherville after a merchant who built homes. By 1842, the town had six buildings and 30 residents and was renamed Marthasville to honor the Governors daughter, later, J. Edgar Thomson, Chief Engineer of the Georgia Railroad, suggested the town be renamed Atlantica-Pacifica, which was shortened to Atlanta. The residents approved, and the town was incorporated as Atlanta on December 29,1847, by 1860, Atlantas population had grown to 9,554. During the American Civil War, the nexus of multiple railroads in Atlanta made the city a hub for the distribution of military supplies, in 1864, the Union Army moved southward following the capture of Chattanooga and began its invasion of north Georgia. On the next day, Mayor James Calhoun surrendered Atlanta to the Union Army, on November 11,1864, Sherman prepared for the Union Armys March to the Sea by ordering Atlanta to be burned to the ground, sparing only the citys churches and hospitals. After the Civil War ended in 1865, Atlanta was gradually rebuilt, due to the citys superior rail transportation network, the state capital was moved from Milledgeville to Atlanta in 1868. In the 1880 Census, Atlanta surpassed Savannah as Georgias largest city, by 1885, the founding of the Georgia School of Technology and the citys black colleges had established Atlanta as a center for higher education. In 1895, Atlanta hosted the Cotton States and International Exposition, during the first decades of the 20th century, Atlanta experienced a period of unprecedented growth. In three decades time, Atlantas population tripled as the city expanded to include nearby streetcar suburbs
7.
John Heisman
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John William Heisman was a player and coach of American football, basketball, and baseball, as well as a sportswriter and actor. His 1917 Georgia Tech Golden Tornado were recognized as the national champion and he served as the athletic director at Georgia Tech from 1904 to 1919 and at Rice from 1924 to 1927. While at Georgia Tech, he also was president of the Atlanta Crackers baseball team, fuzzy Woodruff dubbed Heisman the pioneer of Southern football. Heisman was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1954 and his entry there notes that Heisman stands only behind Amos Alonzo Stagg, Pop Warner, and Walter Camp as a master innovator of the brand of football of his day. One writer says Heisman, Stagg, and Warner constitute the Football Trinity, the Heisman Trophy, awarded annually to the seasons most outstanding college football player, is named after him. Heisman was born in Cleveland, Ohio, the son of Bavarian German immigrants Sara and he grew up in northwestern Pennsylvania near Titusville, where he played varsity football for Titusville High School from 1884 to 1886, and was salutatorian of his graduating class. Although he was a student, he confessed he was football mad. Heismans father refused to him play at Titusville, calling football bestial. He went on to football as a lineman at Brown University and at the University of Pennsylvania. In constant dread that his immediate teammates—guards weighing 212 and 243—would fall on him and he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in 1892. In his book Principles of Football, Heisman described his strategy, The coach should be masterful and commanding. He has no time to say please or mister, at times he must be severe, arbitrary, and little short of a czar. Heisman always used a megaphone at practice, Heisman first coached at Oberlin College in 1892. Wrote The Oberlin Review in 1892, Mr. Heisman has entirely remade our football and he has taught us scientific football. Influenced by Yale and Pudge Heffelfinger, Heisman implemented seven-man interference and his best lineman at Oberlin was the half German, half Hawaiian John Henry Wise. Heisman also used a pass and a double pass. Heisman returned to Oberlin in 1894, in 1893 he moved to Buchtel College, where he helped make the first of many permanent alterations to the sport of football. It was then customary for the center to begin a play by rolling the ball backwards, under Heisman, the center began tossing the ball to Clark, a practice that evolved into the snap that today begins every play
8.
Heisman Trophy
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The Heisman Memorial Trophy, is awarded annually to the most outstanding player in college football in the United States whose performance best exhibits the pursuit of excellence with integrity. Winners epitomize great ability combined with diligence, perseverance, and hard work and it is presented by the Heisman Trophy Trust in early December before the postseason bowl games. The award was created by the Downtown Athletic Club in 1935 to recognize the most valuable football player east of the Mississippi. After the death in October 1936 of the Clubs athletic director, John Heisman, Heisman had been active in college athletics as a football player, a head football, basketball, and baseball coach, and an athletic director. It is the oldest of several awards in college football, including the Maxwell Award, Walter Camp Award. The most recent winner of the Heisman Trophy is University of Louisville quarterback Lamar Jackson, the trophy itself, designed by sculptor Frank Eliscu, is modeled after Ed Smith, a leading player in 1934 for the now-defunct New York University football team. The trophy is made out of cast bronze, is 13.5 inches tall, Eliscu had asked Smith, his former George Washington High School classmate, to pose for a commissioned sculpture of a football player. Smith did not realize until 1982 that the sculpture had become the Heisman Trophy, the Downtown Athletic Club presented Smith with a Heisman Trophy of his own in 1985. From its inception in 1935, the statue was cast by Dieges & Clust in New York until 1980, for a time until at least 2008, the statues were cast by Roman Bronze Works in New York. There are 870 media voters,145 voters from each of six regions, according to Heisman. com there are currently 57 prior winners eligible to vote and, thus,57 potential votes. Fans, As the Premier Partner of the Heisman Trophy, Nissan has a vote, fan voting done through a survey collected by ESPN on NissanHeismanHouse. com. Each voter identifies three selections, ranking them in order, each first-place selection is awarded three points. Each second-place selection is awarded two points, each third-place selection is awarded one point. Voters must make three selections and cannot duplicate a selection, else the ballot is invalid and none of the selections count, the accounting firm Deloitte is responsible for the tabulation of votes, which has moved almost exclusively to online voting since 2007. Larry Kelley and Clint Frank of Yale were the first teammates to win the Heisman Trophy, nile Kinnick of Iowa was the only Heisman Trophy winner to have a stadium named after him. In 1972, the University of Iowa renamed its football complex Kinnick Stadium, Kinnick is also the only winner to die in military service of the United States, he went down piloting an F4F Wildcat from the deck of USS Lexington. His death in 1943 made him the first Heisman Trophy winner to die, Doc Blanchard was the first junior to win the Heisman Trophy when he led Army to the national title in 1945. Paul Hornung was the player to win the Heisman Trophy as a player for a losing team
9.
Basketball
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Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
10.
Fulton County, Georgia
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Fulton County is a county in the north central portion of the U. S. state of Georgia. As of 2015 estimates, the population was 1,010,562 making it Georgias most populous county and its county seat is Atlanta, the state capital since 1868. Ninety percent of the City of Atlanta is within Fulton County, Fulton County is the principal county of the Atlanta metropolitan area. Fulton County is part of the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Metropolitan Statistical Area, Fulton County was created in 1853 from the western half of DeKalb County. It was named in honor of Hamilton Fulton, a surveyor for the Western and Atlantic Railroad, some sources had previously claimed it was named for Robert Fulton. At the beginning of 1932, as an austerity measure to save money during the Great Depression, Milton County to the north and this gave the county its current long shape along 80 miles of the Chattahoochee River. In the later 20th century, Atlanta and Fulton county became the location of national and international headquarters for leading companies. As a result, the city and county became more cosmopolitan, Fulton County is governed by a seven-member board of commissioners, whose members serve concurrent four-year terms. The most recent election was held in November 2010, the county has a county manager system of government, in which day-to-day operation of the county is handled by a manager appointed by the board. The chairman of the Board of Commissioners is elected at-large for the county-wide position, the vice chairman is elected by peers on a yearly basis. County commissioners are elected from single-member districts, Fulton Countys budget of $1.2 billion funds an array of resident services. With 34 branches, the Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System is one of the largest library systems in Georgia, Human services programs include one of the strongest senior center networks in metro Atlanta, including four multi-purpose senior facilities. The county also provides funding to nonprofits with FRESH and Human Services grants, Atlanta is the largest city in Fulton County, occupying the countys narrow center section and thus geographically dividing the countys northern and southern portions. Atlantas last major annexation in 1952 brought over 118 square miles into the city, geographically remote from each other, the northern and southern sections of the county have grown increasingly at odds over issues related to taxes and distribution of services. The Fulton County Council contested this law, known as the Shafer Amendment after Sen. David Shafer, on June 19,2006, the Court upheld the law, ruling that the Shafer Amendment was constitutional. The creation of the city of Sandy Springs, Georgia prompted the county to two additional cities, resulting in no unincorporated areas remaining in north Fulton. In a domino effect, the residents of south Fulton approved referenda to create additional cities, one of these two referenda passed, the other was defeated. Since the 1970s, residents of Sandy Springs had waged a battle to incorporate their community as a city
11.
Duluth, Georgia
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Duluth is a city in Gwinnett County, Georgia, United States. It is a suburb of Atlanta, as of the 2010 census, Duluth had a population of 26,600, and the U. S. Census Bureau estimated the population to be 29,193 as of 2015. Duluth is located north of Interstate 85 and it is home to Gwinnett Place Mall, the Gwinnett Civic and Cultural Center, Infinite Energy Arena, Hudgens Center for the Arts, and the Red Clay Theater. It is also home to Gwinnett Medical Center–Duluth, an 81-bed hospital constructed in 2006, as well as GMCs Glancy Campus, the agricultural manufacturer AGCO is based in Duluth. Forbes ranked Duluth 26th in Americas Best Places to Move in 2009, when Duluth was established in the early 19th century, it was primarily forest land occupied by tribespeople. When Gwinnett County was established in 1818, white settlement of the area accelerated, cotton merchant Evan Howell constructed a road connecting his cotton gin at the Chattahoochee River with Old Peachtree Road, creating Howells Cross Roads. The settlement later known as Howells Crossing. Howell was the grandfather of Atlanta Mayor Evan P. Howell and his descendants continue to live in the area, but only Howell Ferry Road in Duluth bears the name. Howells Crossing was renamed Duluth in 1871 after Congress funded a north-south railroad line into the community and it was named after the city of Duluth, Minnesota. The Midwestern city had gotten its own railroad connection not long before, which had prompted Rep. J. Proctor Knott, according to contemporary reports, Evan P. Howell himself jokingly suggested the name change in a speech about the arrival of railroad service in the Georgia town. The railroad encouraged the growth of Duluths economy, a schoolhouse was built in 1871 on the site of what is now Coleman Middle School. The first Methodist church was organized in 1871, and the first Baptist congregation formed in 1886, both churches continue today at new locations along State Route 120. The Bank of Duluth was charted in 1904, followed by the Farmers, in 1922, Duluth elected Georgias first female mayor, Alice Harrell Strickland. She donated 1-acre of land for a community forest and began efforts to land for public recreation. Duluth grew rapidly in the 1970s and 1980s, along with the rest of Gwinnett County, Georgia Governor George Busbee became a resident of Duluth in 1983 after leaving office, moving to the Sweet Bottom Plantation subdivision developed by Scott Hudgens. A major revitalization of the Duluth downtown area was undertaken in the early 21st century, development along Sugarloaf Parkway has continued with construction of the Gwinnett Arena near the Gwinnett Convention Center. In much of the 20th century, when Gwinnett County was still rural, Duluth was known in the area as being one of the few small towns with its own hospital, consequently, many older residents of the area who call other towns home were actually born in Duluth. Joan Glancy was replaced with Gwinnett Medical Center - Duluth in 2006, the city made national headlines twice in 2005
12.
East Lake Golf Club
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East Lake Golf Club is a private golf club located approximately 5 miles east of downtown Atlanta, Georgia. Established in 1904, East Lake is the oldest golf course in the city of Atlanta, East Lake was the home course of golfer Bobby Jones and much of its clubhouse serves as a tribute to his accomplishments. Since 2004, East Lake has been the permanent home of The Tour Championship, the Tour Championship was first played at the course in 1998. The 2016 tournament was won by Rory McIlroy, the Atlanta Athletic Club was formed in 1898 and due to its popularity it gained 700 members in only four years. The director of the athletic program was John Heisman, the famous football coach for whom the Heisman Trophy is named. In 1904 the AAC bought property at East Lake to build a club which included a golf course. Course architect Tom Bendelow was asked to lay out the course, the courses first holes were built in 1906 and were initially only seven holes, then nine. In the summer of 1907, the course was expanded to 17 holes, also in 1907, the first significant tournament was hosted at East Lake, the Southern Amateur, won by Nelson Whitney. In 1908, Tom Bendelow opened his No.2 course at East Lake, in 1913, famed golf course architect Donald Ross redesigned the course at East Lake. The new plan provided for each of the nine holes to conclude at the clubhouse, Ross also redesigned the No.2 course in 1928. A tragic fire destroyed the clubhouse at Eastlake in 1925. Golfer Bobby Jones is said to have played his first and last games of golf at East Lake, Jones won golfs Grand Slam in 1930, claiming the U. S. Amateur, U. S. Open, British Amateur and British Open titles in the same year. Joness father, Colonel Robert P. Jones, served as the president of East Lake from 1937–42, Bobby Jones himself also served as president of East Lake on 1946–47. In 1963, East Lake hosted the 15th biennial Ryder Cup where Arnold Palmer served as the captain of the winning US Team. East Lake began a downward slope when the neighborhood deteriorated in the 1960s. The Atlanta Athletic Club became a part of this when it sold the No.2 course to developers, the original course and clubhouse were saved by a group of 25 members who purchased them and created East Lake Country Club in 1968. In 1970, the East Lake Meadows public housing project was built on the site of the No.2 golf course and became a center for poverty, drugs, middle-income homeowners fled the surrounding neighborhood, replaced by low-income renters. By the 1980s, East Lake became a mostly forgotten golf course in a seemingly hopeless neighborhood, the East Lake Foundation was also created and has used the renovation as a catalyst for revitalizing the surrounding community
13.
Tour Championship
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The Tour Championship is a golf tournament that is part of the PGA Tour. It has historically been one of the events of the PGA Tour season, prior to 2007. Since 2007, it has been the event of the four-tournament FedEx Cup playoff. While originally followed by the PGA Tour Fall Series, a re-alignment of the PGA Tours season structure beginning in 2013 makes the Tour Championship the final event of the season, from 1987 to 1996, several courses hosted the event. Beginning in 1997, the event alternated between Champions Golf Club in Houston and East Lake Golf Club in Atlanta, since 2004, from its debut in 1987 through 2006, the top 30 money winners on the PGA Tour after the penultimate event qualified for the event. After the Tour Championship, the money list for the season was finalized, there were, and still are, a number of additional events between the Tour Championship and Christmas which are recognized by the PGA Tour, but prize money won in them is unofficial. Also, because this tournaments field is not as large as golf tournaments, there is no 36-hole cut, all players who start the event are credited with making the cut. As in past years,30 players qualify for the event, however, instead, FedEx Cup points amassed during the regular PGA Tour season and then during the three preceding playoff events determine the participants. Beginning in 2009, the assignment and awarding of points assures that if any of the top five FedEx Cup point leaders going into The Tour Championship win the event, they will also win the FedEx Cup. It still remains possible, however, for one player to win the Tour Championship, in 2007, Tiger Woods won both the 2007 Tour Championship and the inaugural FedEx Cup. In 2008, The Tour Championship was won by Camilo Villegas, in 2009, Phil Mickelson won The Tour Championship, while Tiger Woods won the FedEx Cup. However, starting in 2013, the Tour Championship was the end of the PGA Tour season, since 2007, those who qualified for the Tour Championship earned a Masters Tournament invitation. Hole 18 at East Lake Golf Club is a par 3, the PGA Tour announced in February 2016 that it would be reversing the nines at East Lake for the Tour Championship in the coming year so that play will finish on a more exciting par 5 hole
14.
PGA Tour
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The PGA Tour is the organizer of the main professional golf tours played primarily by men in the United States and North America. It is headquartered in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, a suburb of Jacksonville, the remaining events on the PGA Tour are run by different organizations, as are the U. S. -based LPGA Tour for women and the other mens and womens professional tours around the world. The tour began 88 years ago in 1929 and at times the tournament players had attempted to operate independently from the club professionals. With an increase of revenue in the late 1960s due to expanded television coverage, the tour players wanted larger purses, where the PGA desired the money to go to the general fund to help grow the game at the local level. Following the final major in July 1968 at the PGA Championship, several leading tour pros voiced their dissatisfaction with the venue, the increased friction resulted in a new entity in August, what would eventually become the PGA Tour. Tournament players formed their own organization, American Professional Golfers, Inc. independent of the PGA of America, the board consisted of four tour players, three PGA of America executives, and three outside members, initially business executives. Joseph Dey, the recently retired USGA executive director, was selected by the board as the tours first commissioner in January 1969 and he was succeeded by tour player Deane Beman in early 1974, who served for twenty years. The name officially changed to the PGA Tour in 1975, Beman was succeeded by commissioner Tim Finchem in June 1994. On January 1,2017, Jay Monahan succeeded Finchem as commissioner, in late August 1981, the PGA Tour had a marketing dispute with the PGA of America and officially changed its name to the TPA Tour, for the Tournament Players Association. The disputed issues were resolved within seven months and the name was changed back to the PGA Tour in March 1982. Without the tour players, the PGA of America became primarily an association of club professionals, both events are very important revenue streams for the PGA of America. Due to the multiplicity of names, there is confusion as to what the PGA Tour organization does and does not run. Of the events in the PGA Tour schedule, it not run any of the four major championships. The PGA of America, not the PGA Tour, runs the PGA Championship, the Senior PGA Championship, and co-organizes the Ryder Cup with Ryder Cup Europe, a company controlled by the PGA European Tour. Additionally, the PGA Tour is not involved with the womens golf tours in the U. S. which are controlled by the LPGA. The PGA Tour is also not the body for the game of golf in the United States, this, instead, is the role of the United States Golf Association. What the PGA Tour does organize are the remaining 43 week-to-week events, including The Players Championship and it also runs the main tournaments on five other tours, PGA Tour Champions, the Web. com Tour, PGA Tour Canada, PGA Tour China, and PGA Tour Latinoamérica. The PGA Tour operates six tours, three of them are primarily contested in the U. S. and the other three are international developmental tours centered on a specific country or region
15.
Ryder Cup
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The Ryder Cup is a biennial mens golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The competition is contested every two years with the venue alternating between courses in the United States and Europe, the Ryder Cup is named after the English businessman Samuel Ryder who donated the trophy. The event is administered by the PGA of America and Ryder Cup Europe, the latter a joint venture of the PGA European Tour, the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland. Originally contested between Great Britain and the United States, the first official Ryder Cup took place in 1927 at Worcester Country Club, in Massachusetts, US. The inclusion of continental European golfers was partly prompted by the success of a new generation of Spanish golfers, led by Seve Ballesteros, since 1979, Europe has won ten times outright and retained the Cup once in a tied match, with eight American wins over this period. In addition to players from Great Britain and Ireland, the European team has included players from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Sweden. The current holders are the United States who won in 2016 at Hazeltine National Golf Club in Chaska, Minnesota, the next contest will be on the Albatros Course at Le Golf National in Paris, France, from 28 to 30 September 2018. At that time no American golfer had won the British Open, the idea was that of James D. Harnett, who worked for the magazine. The PGA of America made a reply and the idea was announced in the November 1920 issue. The fund was called the British Open Championship Fund, by the next spring the idea had been firmed-up. A team of 12 would be chosen, who would sail in time to play a tournament at Gleneagles prior to the British Open at St. Andrews. The team of 12 was chosen by PGA President George Sargent and PGA Secretary Alec Pirie, a team of 11 sailed from New York on the RMS Aquitania on May 24,1921 together with James Harnett, Harry Hampton deciding at the last minute that he could not travel. Edgar was already in the United Kingdom, the match would be played at Gleneagles on Monday June 6, the day before the start of the 1000 Guinea Tournament. With Jim Barnes indisposed, the match became a 10-a-side contest. The match consisted of 5 foursomes in the morning and 10 singles in the afternoon, the match was won by Great Britain by 9 matches to 3,3 matches being halved. The British team was, George Duncan, James Braid, Arthur Havers, Abe Mitchell, James Ockenden, Ted Ray, James Sherlock, J. H. Taylor, Josh Taylor, and Harry Vardon. The American team was, Emmet French, Clarence Hackney, Walter Hagen, Charles Hoffner, Jock Hutchison, Tom Kerrigan, George McLean, Fred McLeod, Bill Melhorn and Wilfrid Reid. Gold medals were presented by the Duchess of Atholl to each member of the teams at the conclusion of the Glasgow Herald tournament on Saturday afternoon
16.
U.S. Open (golf)
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The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U. S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States. It is the second of the four championships in golf. It is staged by the United States Golf Association in mid-June, scheduled so that, if there are no delays, the final round is played on the third Sunday. The U. S. Open is staged at a variety of courses, U. S. Open play is characterized by tight scoring at or around par by the leaders, with the winner usually emerging at around even par. A U. S. Open course is seldom beaten severely, some courses that are attempting to get into the rotation for the U. S. Open will undergo renovations to develop these features. Rees Jones is the most notable of the Open Doctors who take on these projects, as with any professional golf tournament, the available space surrounding the course and local infrastructure also factor into deciding which courses will host the event. The first U. S. Open was played on October 4,1895, on a course at the Newport Country Club in Newport. It was a 36-hole competition and was played in a single day, ten professionals and one amateur entered. The winner was a 21-year-old Englishman named Horace Rawlins, who had arrived in the U. S. in January that year to take up a position at the host club. He received $150 cash out of a fund of $335, plus a $50 gold medal, his club received the Open Championship Cup trophy. In the beginning, the tournament was dominated by experienced British players until 1911, American golfers soon began to win regularly and the tournament evolved to become one of the four majors. Since 1911, the title has been won mostly by players from the United States, since 1950, players from only six countries other than the United States have won the championship, most notably South Africa, which has won five times since 1965. A streak of four consecutive non-American winners occurred from 2004 to 2007 for the first time since 1910 and these four players, South African Retief Goosen, New Zealander Michael Campbell, Australian Geoff Ogilvy and Argentine Ángel Cabrera, are all from countries in the Southern Hemisphere. The U. S. Open is open to any professional, Players may obtain a place by being fully exempt or by competing successfully in qualifying. About half of the field is made up of players who are exempt from qualifying. Senior Open Top 10 finishers and ties from the previous years U. S, the exemptions for amateurs apply only if the players remain amateurs as of the tournament date. Before 2011, the sole OWGR cutoff for entry was the top 50 as of two weeks before the tournament. Through 2011, exemptions existed for leading money winners on the PGA, European, Japanese and these categories were eliminated in favor of inviting the top 60 on the OWGR at both relevant dates
17.
PGA Championship
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The PGA Championship is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers Association of America. It is one of the four championships in professional golf. It is an official event on the PGA Tour, European Tour. In line with the majors, winning the PGA gains privileges that improve career security. PGA champions are invited to play in the other three majors for the next five years, and are exempt from qualifying for the PGA Championship for life. They receive membership on the PGA and European Tours for the five seasons and invitations to The Players Championship for five years. S. In 1894, with 41 golf courses operating in the United States, one was held at Newport Country Club in Rhode Island, and the other at St. Andrews Golf Club in New York. In addition, and at the time as the amateur event. None of the championships was officially sanctioned by a body for American golf. Later in 1894 this led to the formation of the United States Golf Association, after the formation of the USGA, golf quickly became a sport of national popularity and importance. In February 1916 the Professional Golfers Association of America was established in New York City, one month earlier, the wealthy department store owner Rodman Wanamaker hosted a luncheon with the leading golf professionals of the day at the Wykagyl Country Club in nearby New Rochelle. The attendees prepared the agenda for the organization of the PGA, consequently. The new organizations first president was Robert White, one of Wykagyls best-known golf professionals, the first PGA Championship was held in October 1916 at Siwanoy Country Club in Bronxville, New York. The winner, Jim Barnes, received $500 and a gold medal donated by Rodman Wanamaker. The 2016 winner, Jimmy Walker, earned $1.8 million, the champion is also awarded a replica of the Wanamaker Trophy, which was also donated by Wanamaker, to keep for one year, and a smaller-sized keeper replica Wanamaker Trophy. Initially a match play event, the PGA Championship was originally played in early fall but varied from May to December. Following World War II, the championship was played in late May or late June, then moved to early July in 1953. As a match play event, it was not uncommon for the finalists to play over 200 holes in seven days
18.
United States Women's Open Championship (golf)
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Established 71 years ago in 1946, the U. S. Womens Open is the only event to have been recognized as a major by the LPGA since the groups founding in 1950. Originally operated by the Womens Professional Golfers Association for its first three years and the LPGA for the four, it became a USGA event in 1953. Usually held in early July, the U. S. Womens Open is the major of the LPGA season and has the highest purse in womens golf. Unlike the U. S. Open, the U. S. Womens Open is not globally recognized as a major championship. The Ladies European Tour does not sanction any of the three held in the United States, and the LPGA of Japan Tour has its own set of majors. The significance of this is limited, as the LPGA Tour is the dominant tour in womens golf, in 2007, international players outnumbered Americans for the first time. The 2008 tournament was won by 19-year-old South Korean Inbee Park, the Original Championship Course for 2012 played just under 7,000 yards, over 500 yards longer than in 1998. The U. S. Womens Open is open to any professional or amateur female golfer, amateurs must have an up-to-date USGA Handicap Index not exceeding 2.4, lowered in 2014 from 4.4 in 2013. Players may obtain a place by being exempt or by competing successfully in qualifying, in 2002, a two-stage method of qualification was introduced,18 holes for local qualifying and 36 holes for sectional qualifying. In 2010, the qualification process reverted to a single stage of 36 holes played on a single day. The criteria for exemption from qualifying has changed through the years, in 2010, there were eleven exemption categories, including winners of the U. S. S. There is no upper or lower age limit, the youngest-ever qualifiers were 11-year-old Lucy Li in 2014, and 12-year-old Lexi Thompson in 2007. The number following some winners names indicates the number of U. S. Womens Open wins for that player. PO - Won in playoff = Amateur † = Won 5 and 4 over Betty Jameson in 36-hole match play final This table lists the golfers who have won more than one U. S. Womens Open. This table lists the number of titles won by golfers of each nationality. Source, Golf in the United States Official website United States Golf Association website
19.
Golf Digest
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Golf Digest is a monthly golf magazine published by Condé Nast Publications in the United States. It is a generalist golf publication covering recreational golf and mens and womens competitive golf, Condé Nast Publications also publishes the more specialized Golf for Women, Golf World and Golf World Business. The magazine started in 1950, and was sold to The New York Times Company in 1969, the Times company sold their magazine division to Condé Nast in 2001. The headquarters of Golf Digest is in Des Moines, Iowa, Golf Digest produces a biennial ranking of the worlds best golf courses. The courses are voted on by a panel of several hundred golf experts, the magazine also produces lists of the best new courses, the best golf resorts and the best courses in each U. S. state. Before the Greatest rankings were introduced in 1985, Golf Digest produced lists called at different times Americas 100 Most Testing Courses and Americas 100 Greatest Tests of Golf. In this context, public means a course that is open to play by the public. The top ten on the 2007–08 list, also published in May 2007, was as follows, Pebble Beach Golf Links – Pebble Beach, in addition to its national rankings, Golf Digest also ranks courses at a state level. For example, in a 1998 survey of Connecticut Public Golf Courses, the magazine also compiles a list of the leading courses outside the United States. This is created using information from national golf associations, plus votes by the same panelists supplemented by some additional ones with international knowledge. In 2007, the most represented countries were Scotland with fourteen courses in the top 100, Canada with ten, England with ten, Canada with nine, the top 10 were, Royal County Down Golf Club – Newcastle, Northern Ireland Old Course at St Andrews – St. The top 10 were, Old Course at St Andrews – St, the move was particularly frustrating to LPGA golfers. LPGA Tour Commissioner Mike Whan issued a statement echoing the concerns expressed by LPGA players, in the October 2014 edition, U. S. Womens Open winner Michelle Wie appeared on the cover. In May 2016, the magazine featured a female celebrity in the cover, Paige Spiranac. Courses ever ranked Official site for Golf Digest Golf Schools
20.
Southeastern Conference
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The Southeastern Conference is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the Southern part of the United States. Its fourteen members include the public universities of ten states. The conference is headquartered in Birmingham, Alabama, the SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I in sports competitions, for football, it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision, formerly known as Division I-A. The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a game for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series. The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey, the conference sponsors team championships in nine mens sports and twelve womens sports. The SEC consists of 14 member institutions located within the borders of 11 contiguous states and these divisional groupings are applied exclusively to football and baseball as well as their scheduling and standings. The other charter members were, The University of the South left the SEC on December 13,1940 and it is currently a member of the Division III Southern Athletic Association. Georgia Institute of Technology left the SEC in 1964, in 1975, it became a founding member of the Metro Conference, one of the predecessors to todays Conference USA. Georgia Tech competed in the Metro Conference in all sports except football, in 1978, Georgia Tech joined another Southern Conference offshoot, the Atlantic Coast Conference, for all sports, where it has remained ever since. Tulane University left the SEC in 1966, along with Georgia Tech, it was a charter member of the Metro Conference. Unlike Tech, however, Tulane remained in the Metro Conference until it merged with the Great Midwest Conference in 1995 to form Conference USA, Tulane remained an independent in football until C-USA began football competition in 1996. Tulane left C-USA in 2014 for the American Athletic Conference, in 1990, the SEC expanded from ten to twelve member universities with the addition of the Arkansas Razorbacks and the South Carolina Gamecocks. The two new members began SEC competition with the 1991–1992 basketball season, at the same time, the SEC organized competition for some sports into two divisions. Initially, the format was used in football, baseball. The divisional format was dropped for mens basketball following the 2011–2012 season, the 1992 and 1993 championship games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, and all championship games from 1994 onward have been held at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. On November 6,2011 the SEC commissioner announced that the University of Missouri would also join the SEC on July 1,2012, for football, Texas A&M was scheduled to compete in the Western Division, and Missouri in the Eastern Division. Texas A&M and Missouri both left the Big 12 Conference, the office of Commissioner was created in 1940. Under the leadership of Michael F, the SECU rebranded its mission to better serve as a means through which the collaborative academic endeavors and achievements of Southeastern Conference universities would be promoted and advanced
21.
Bobby Jones (golfer)
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Robert Tyre Bobby Jones Jr. was an American amateur golfer, and a lawyer by profession, who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club, the innovations that he introduced at the Masters have been copied by virtually every professional golf tournament in the world. Jones was the most successful amateur golfer ever to compete at a national and international level, during his peak from 1923 to 1930, he dominated top-level amateur competition, and competed very successfully against the worlds best professional golfers. Jones often beat stars such as Walter Hagen and Gene Sarazen, explaining his decision to retire, Jones said, It is something like a cage. First you are expected to get into it and then you are expected to stay there, but of course, nobody can stay there. Jones is most famous for his unique Grand Slam, consisting of his victory in all four major tournaments of his era in a single calendar year. In all Jones played in 31 majors, winning 13 and placing among the top ten finishers 27 times, after retiring from competitive golf in 1930, Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club soon afterwards in 1933. He also co-founded the Masters Tournament, which has annually staged by the club since 1934. The Masters evolved into one of four major championships. Jones came out of retirement in 1934 to play in the Masters on a basis through 1948. Jones played his last round of golf at East Lake Golf Club, his course in Atlanta. A picture commemorating the event now sits in the clubhouse at East Lake, citing health reasons, he quit golf permanently thereafter. Bobby Jones was often confused with the golf course designer, Robert Trent Jones. People always used to get confused, so when they met, they decided each be called something different. To help avoid confusion, the golfer was called Bobby, born in Atlanta, Georgia, Jones battled health issues as a young boy, and golf was prescribed to strengthen him. Encouraged by his father, Colonel Robert Purmedus Jones, an Atlanta lawyer and he developed quickly into a child prodigy, who won his first childrens tournament at the age of six at his home course at East Lake Golf Club. His victory at this event put him in the spotlight for the first time. The Georgia Amateur win caught the eye of the United States Golf Association which awarded Jones his first invitation to the U. S. Amateur at Merion near Philadelphia, Jones advanced to the quarterfinals in his first playing in the event
22.
Alexa Stirling
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Alexa Stirling Fraser was an American-Canadian amateur golfer. She won the U. S. Womens Amateur golf championship in 1916,1919 and she also won the Canadian Womens Amateur title in 1920 and 1934. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Stirling was the daughter of Dr. Alexander W. Stirling and Nora Stirling née Bromley. She was coached in golf from an age at the Atlanta Athletic Clubs East Lake Golf Club course by Stewart Maiden, the clubs professional. At age 13 her golf skills were evident when on May 15,1911 she was the low qualifier in the Womens Southern Golf Association championship. Stirling solidified her reputation as a prodigy when she won three consecutive U. S. Womens Amateurs. She won her first in 1916, Stirling was a friend of James Douglas Edgar and took golf lessons from him when he was the professional at Druid Hills Golf Club. Stirling was also a skilled and enthusiastic violinist and she performed a public violin solo at age seven. After the war, she came back to win the 1919 and 1920 U. S. Womens Amateur titles, although she did not make it to the finals in the 1927 championship, in the third round she defeated Simone de la Chaume, the British Ladies Amateur champion. Stirling won the U. S. Womens Amateur golf title three times—in 1916,1919, and 1920, in 1920 she won the Canadian Womens Amateur, and after finishing second in 1921 and 1925 in that event, she won the Canadian title again in 1934. She married Canadian doctor Wilbert G. Fraser in 1925, and made her home in Ottawa, Ontario, where she became a member of the Royal Ottawa Golf Club. Throughout her life Alexa Stirling Fraser maintained her interest in golf, Stirling died on April 15,1977 at home in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. She was posthumously inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame in 1978, the Canadian Golf Hall of Fame in 1986, and she was portrayed by Stephanie Sparks in the 2004 film, Bobby Jones, A Stroke of Genius
23.
American football
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The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, or else they turn over the football to the opposing team, if they succeed, they are given a new set of four downs. Points are primarily scored by advancing the ball into the teams end zone for a touchdown or kicking the ball through the opponents goalposts for a field goal. The team with the most points at the end of a game wins, American football evolved in the United States, originating from the sports of association football and rugby football. The first game of American football was played on November 6,1869, during the latter half of the 1870s, colleges playing association football switched to the Rugby Union code, which allowed carrying the ball. American football as a whole is the most popular sport in the United States, Professional football and college football are the most popular forms of the game, with the other major levels being high school and youth football. As of 2012, nearly 1.1 million high school athletes and 70,000 college athletes play the sport in the United States annually, almost all of them men, in the United States, American football is referred to as football. The term football was established in the rulebook for the 1876 college football season. The terms gridiron or American football are favored in English-speaking countries where other codes of football are popular, such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, American football evolved from the sports of association football and rugby football. What is considered to be the first American football game was played on November 6,1869 between Rutgers and Princeton, two college teams, the game was played between two teams of 25 players each and used a round ball that could not be picked up or carried. It could, however, be kicked or batted with the feet, hands, head or sides, Rutgers won the game 6 goals to 4. Collegiate play continued for years in which matches were played using the rules of the host school. Representatives of Yale, Columbia, Princeton and Rutgers met on October 19,1873 to create a set of rules for all schools to adhere to. Teams were set at 20 players each, and fields of 400 by 250 feet were specified, Harvard abstained from the conference, as they favored a rugby-style game that allowed running with the ball. An 1875 Harvard-Yale game played under rugby-style rules was observed by two impressed Princeton athletes and these players introduced the sport to Princeton, a feat the Professional Football Researchers Association compared to selling refrigerators to Eskimos. Princeton, Harvard, Yale and Columbia then agreed to play using a form of rugby union rules with a modified scoring system. These schools formed the Intercollegiate Football Association, although Yale did not join until 1879, the introduction of the snap resulted in unexpected consequences. Prior to the snap, the strategy had been to punt if a scrum resulted in bad field position, however, a group of Princeton players realized that, as the snap was uncontested, they now could hold the ball indefinitely to prevent their opponent from scoring. In 1881, both teams in a game between Yale-Princeton used this strategy to maintain their undefeated records, each team held the ball, gaining no ground, for an entire half, resulting in a 0-0 tie
24.
Dan Reeves
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Daniel Edward Reeves is a former American football running back and head coach in the National Football League. He participated in a combined nine Super Bowls as player and coach, the second-most in league history behind Bill Belichicks ten. Reeves played in two Super Bowls, was an assistant coach in three more, and was coach in four, XXI, XXII, and XXIV with the Denver Broncos. Reeves is tied with Jeff Fisher for the NFL record of most regular-season losses as a coach, with 165. Born in Rome, Georgia, Reeves grew up in Americus and he attended Americus High School, where he practiced football, baseball and basketball. After he missed four games with a collarbone during his senior season. The interest from schools came later, when he won the MVP trophy at the Georgia High School football All-star game. He also was selected to the All-state basketball team in 1961, Reeves played college football at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, where he was a three-year starter at quarterback from 1962 through 1964. He became the quarterback during his sophomore year in 1962 and was named second-team All-conference after his junior and senior years. Reeves also became a good baseball prospect as a right fielder for the Gamecocks team. In 1977, he was inducted into the schools Athletic Hall of Fame, in 2006, he was inducted into the State of South Carolina Athletic Hall of Fame. His rookie year was spent mostly on the kickoff and punt units, in 1966, Tom Landry looking for more speed at running back, shifted All-Pro safety Mel Renfro to offense. His performance helped the Cowboys take some of the load from fullback Don Perkins. He set a record with 16 touchdowns, had over 1,300 all-purpose yards, was sixth in the NFL in rushing, first in touchdowns. He was also voted to The Sporting News All-Pro team at the end of the year, in 1967, he posted back-to-back seasons with more than 600 rushing yards, ranking second on the team in rushing with 603 yards and third in receiving with 490 yards. In the week 8 game against the Atlanta Falcons, he set a record after scoring 4 touchdowns. In the week 13 game against the Philadelphia Eagles, he scored touchdowns running, receiving, during the first half of his NFL career, he became a multi-talented running back and displayed the ability to consistently make big plays. He remained a starter until the week 4 of the 1968 season, the injury ended up hampering him for the remainder of his career and limiting his abilities
25.
Matthew Stafford
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John Matthew Stafford is an American football quarterback for the Detroit Lions of the National Football League. He was raised in Dallas, Texas, and attended Highland Park High School and he played college football at Georgia, and was drafted by the Lions first overall in the 2009 NFL Draft. Stafford also holds the NFL record for the most comeback wins in a season, Stafford was born in Tampa, Florida, to John and Margaret Stafford. He lived in Dunwoody, Georgia, while his father attended school at the University of Georgia. He was the eldest of five siblings and his family then moved to Dallas, Texas, and Stafford attended Highland Park High School with Los Angeles Dodgers pitcher Clayton Kershaw. He was coached by Randy Allen and was considered to be one of the best high school quarterbacks in the United States in the Class of 2006. In 2005, he led his team to a perfect 15–0 record, during the playoff run, Stafford beat Ryan Malletts Texarkana Texas 38–31, as well as Jevan Sneads Stephenville 41–38. Stafford had over 4,000 yards passing despite not playing in the first three games of the due to a knee injury. Stafford received numerous accolades, including being named to the Parade All-America Team and he also won the MVP and Best Arm awards at the 2005 EA Sports Elite 11 Quarterback Camp and was named the 2005 EA Sports National Player of the Year. Regarded as a recruit by Rivals. com, Stafford was listed as the No.1 pro-style quarterback prospect in the class of 2006 by Rivals. com. Before he had started a game at the collegiate level, analyst Mel Kiper, Jr. predicted, correctly. Stafford wore number 7 at Georgia and he completed five of 12 passes for 102 yards and one touchdown in a Georgia spring game. Stafford debuted late in the opener of the 2006 season against Western Kentucky and went 3 of 5 passing for 40 yards. During the seasons third game, against South Carolina, starting quarterback Joe Tereshinski III was injured, although he completed just 8 of 19 passes for 171 yards and three interceptions, Georgia won the game, 18–0. Against University of Alabama Birmingham the following week, Stafford made his first collegiate start, victories over Colorado and Mississippi improved Georgias record to 5–0, but the heart of the conference schedule loomed. The rest of the season was up and down for Stafford, following home losses to both Tennessee and Vanderbilt, UGA head coach Mark Richt named Stafford the starter for the rest of the season ahead of Tereshinski. Stafford completed 20 of 32 passes for 267 yards and two touchdowns in a 27–24 win over Mississippi State, and was named the SEC Freshmen of the Week for his efforts, statistically, he had his best game of the season against the 5th-ranked Auburn Tigers. Stafford finished the game 14 of 20 for 219 yards and a touchdown, and added 83 rushing yards, the following week, Stafford led the Bulldogs on a 12-play, 64-yard drive and threw the game-winning touchdown pass in Georgias 15–12 win over No.16 Georgia Tech
26.
Jack Nicklaus
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Jack William Nicklaus, nicknamed The Golden Bear, is a retired American professional golfer. He is widely regarded as the greatest golfer of all time, winning a record 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second-place and 9 third-place finishes, over a span of 25 years. After winning the U. S. Amateur in 1959 and 1961 and his first professional win came in a major championship, the 1962 U. S. Open, when he defeated Palmer by three shots in a next day 18-hole playoff. This win over Palmer began the rivalry between the two golf superstars. At age 26, he became the youngest to do so at the time, in 1968 and 1969, Nicklaus did not win a major tournament. He then won another Open Championship in 1970, at the age of 46, Nicklaus claimed his 18th and final major championship at the 1986 Masters Tournament, becoming the championships oldest winner. He continued to play at least some of the four regular Tour majors until 2005, Nicklaus has also taken part in various other activities, including golf course design, charity work and book writing. Nicklaus is a member of the American Society of Golf Course Architects and has helped design such as Harbour Town Golf Links. Nicklaus also runs his own tournament on the PGA Tour, the Memorial Tournament and his golf course design company is one of the largest in the world. Nicklaus was born on the east side of Columbus, grew up in the suburb of Upper Arlington, Ohio and is of German descent, Charlie had also been a scratch golfer and local tennis champion in his youth. Nicklaus was raised in Upper Arlington, and attended Upper Arlington High School, whose nickname and he also competed successfully during his youth in football, baseball, tennis, and track and field. Nicklaus took up golf at the age of 10, scoring a 51 at Scioto Country Club for his first nine holes ever played, Charlie Nicklaus had joined Scioto that same year, returning to golf to help heal a volleyball injury. Nicklaus overcame a mild case of polio as a 13-year-old, Nicklaus won the first of five straight Ohio State Junior titles at the age of 12. At 13, he broke 70 at Scioto Country Club for the first time, Junior Amateur, where he survived three match-play rounds. He had earned a handicap of +3 at age 13, the lowest in the Columbus area, Nicklaus won the Tri-State High School Championship at the age of 14 with a round of 68, and also recorded his first hole-in-one in tournament play the same year. At 15, Nicklaus shot a 66 at Scioto Country Club, which was the course record. He won the Ohio Open in 1956 at age 16, highlighted by a third round of 64. In all, Nicklaus won 27 events in the Ohio area from age 10 to age 17, in 1957, Nicklaus won the International Jaycee Junior Golf Tournament, having lost the previous year in a playoff
27.
2001 PGA Championship
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The 2001 PGA Championship was the 83rd PGA Championship, held August 16–19 at the Atlanta Athletic Club in Duluth, Georgia, a suburb northeast of Atlanta. David Toms won his only championship, one stroke ahead of runner-up Phil Mickelson. Toms led after 54 holes on the Highlands Course, two ahead of Mickelson. Paired together in the group, they battled for the lead back-and-forth throughout the day. Toms led by one stroke on the 72nd tee, but put his tee shot in the rough, faced with a long second shot over water, he decided to lay up on the 490-yard par-4 and rely on his short game. Toms third shot stopped 12 feet left of the pin, and his 265 total set the record for the lowest score at a major championship. Two-time defending champion Tiger Woods finished 14 strokes back at 279, no former champions finished in the top twenty. It was the major at the Highlands Course, which hosted the PGA Championship in 1981. All three victors were from the Deep South of the United States, the PGA Championship returned to the course in 2011
28.
David Toms
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David Wayne Toms is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He has won a total of 13 events on the PGA Tour and he was in the top 10 of the Official World Golf Ranking for 175 weeks between 2001 and 2006, and ranked as high as fifth in 2002 and 2003. Toms was born in Monroe in northeastern Louisiana and he is the son of Thomas Edward Buster Toms of Minden in northwestern Louisiana. Toms won the 15-17 Boys event at the 1984 Junior World Golf Championships, Toms also played little league baseball with future Major League Baseball players Albert Belle and Ben McDonald. After graduating from Airline High School in Bossier City, Louisiana, he attended Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, in 1991, Toms finished T23 at the PGA Tour qualifying school to earn his first full tour card for the 1992 season. Toms made his first three cuts on tour including a finish at the Northern Telecom Open, although this was the only top 10 he would earn all season. The following season was also a struggle for Toms as he made just 12 of 32 cuts for the season, in 1994, Toms lack of success continued on the PGA Tour and he lost his playing rights for the 1995 season. In 1995, Toms played the season on the Nike Tour with greater success. This success earned Toms his PGA Tour card for the 1996 season, upon his return to the PGA Tour in 1996, Toms had a disappointing season with just two top 10s. However, he did manage to qualify for his first major championship of his career at the 1996 U. S. Open, in 1997, Toms won his first PGA Tour event at the Quad City Classic, winning by three strokes over Brandel Chamblee. He followed this success in the 1998 season with a finish at the Tucson Chrysler Classic. At his first visit to Augusta National, he recorded his best finish in a championship at the time with a T-6 at the Masters. In his defense of the Quad City Classic title, Toms finished fourth, in 1999, Toms enjoyed seven top-10 finishes on the PGA Tour. In September, he won his title at the Sprint International. Toms almost added another title the week when he narrowly missed out at the Reno-Tahoe Open. Toms did, however, win his third PGA Tour title a month later at the Buick Challenge, in 2000, Toms made 26 of 31 cuts, including a tie for fourth at The Open Championship. He won the Michelob Championship at Kingsmill, defeating Canadian Mike Weir in a sudden-death playoff, the standout year of Toms career came in 2001. He had nine top-10 finishes and three wins on tour, one of which was his first major championship, Toms won the Compaq Classic of New Orleans by two strokes over Phil Mickelson for his fifth PGA Tour title
29.
2011 PGA Championship
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The 2011 PGA Championship was the 93rd PGA Championship, held August 11–14 at the Atlanta Athletic Club in Johns Creek, Georgia, a suburb northeast of Atlanta. Keegan Bradley won his first major championship in a playoff over Jason Dufner on the Highlands Course. Television coverage was provided in the United States by CBS and TNT and it was the third PGA Championship held at the Highlands Course of the Atlanta Athletic Club, the last was a decade earlier in 2001. David Toms laid up on the hole and one-putted for a par to win by one stroke over Phil Mickelson. The first at AAC was in 1981, when Larry Nelson won by four strokes over Fuzzy Zoeller, the course also hosted the U. S. Open in 1976, won by Jerry Pate. Each player is listed according to the first category by which he qualified with additional categories in which he qualified shown in parentheses, the following former champions did not compete, Jack Burke, Jr. Last five U. S. Open ChampionsÁngel Cabrera, Lucas Glover, Graeme McDowell, last five Masters ChampionsTrevor Immelman, Zach Johnson, Charl Schwartzel 4. Last five British Open ChampionsStewart Cink, Darren Clarke, Louis Oosthuizen 5, current Senior PGA Champion Tom Watson elected not to play. 15 low scorers and ties in the 2010 PGA ChampionshipPaul Casey, Jason Day, Jason Dufner, Simon Dyson, Dustin Johnson, Matt Kuchar, Liang Wen-Chong, Bryce Molder, Camilo Villegas, Bubba Watson 7. Members of the United States and European 2010 Ryder Cup teams Ross Fisher, Peter Hanson, Miguel Ángel Jiménez, Edoardo Molinari, Francesco Molinari, Ian Poulter, Lee Westwood 10. Winners of tournaments co-sponsored or approved by the PGA Tour since the 2010 PGA ChampionshipMichael Bradley, Harrison Frazar, Rocco Mediate, vacancies are filled by the first available player from the list of alternates. J. J. Henry, Ryuji Imada, Brandt Jobe, Jerry Kelly, Bill Lunde Alternates, D. J. Trahan took the spot reserved for WGC-Bridgestone Invitational winner who had already qualified. Fourteen former champions were in the field, including three multiple winners, thursday, August 11,2011 Steve Stricker set the early lead with a 7-under-par 63, after narrowly missing a putt on his final hole that would have set a new major championship record of 62. Jerry Kelly finished with 65, in what was shaping up to be a chance for U. S. to get its first major win since the 2010 Masters Tournament. Pre-tournament favorite Rory McIlroy injured his wrist on the 3rd hole, but was able to grind out an even par round of 70. The defending champion, Martin Kaymer shot a 2-over-par round of 72 to sit 9 shots off the lead, while the champion from 2003, Shaun Micheel shot a 4-under-par round of 66 to be in 3rd place alone. Tiger Woods, despite stating that he felt good about his game before the tournament, shot a 77, to finish +7 and in danger of missing the cut. Friday, August 12,2011 Saturday, August 13,2011 Sunday, August 14,2011 Third round co-leader Brendan Steele faded quickly with four early bogeys, he shot 77 and ended in a tie for 19th
30.
Keegan Bradley
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Keegan Hansen Bradley is an American professional golfer who competes on the PGA Tour. He has won three events, most notably the 2011 PGA Championship. He is one of four golfers to win in his debut, along with Ben Curtis, Willie Park, Sr. He was the 2011 PGA Tour Rookie of the Year and has featured in the top ten of the Official World Golf Ranking. Bradley is the child of Mark Bradley, the head professional at the Jackson Hole Golf and Tennis Club just outside Jackson. Growing up as a ski racer in Woodstock, Vermont. He lived in Portsmouth, New Hampshire in 2001 and 2002 when his father was an assistant pro at Portsmouth Country Club. Hopkinton coach Dick Bliss later recalled that Bradley received the third-most attention of his players that season, Bradley attended St. Johns University and won nine collegiate events before graduating in 2008. Bradley turned professional in 2008 and began playing on the NGA Hooters Tour, Bradley won a second Hooters Tour event in 2009 at the Texas Honing Open. He made 22 cuts in 26 events that season and earned $84,000 and he also played two Nationwide Tour events that year, making the cut in both of them. He attempted to earn a 2010 PGA Tour card through qualifying school, in 2010, Bradley played on the Nationwide Tour, where he recorded four consecutive top-five finishes late in the season to finish 14th on the money list and earn his PGA Tour card for 2011. Bradley made the cut in his first PGA Tour event, the 2011 Sony Open in Hawaii and he added a second top 10 finish at the Valero Texas Open in April. Bradley won his first PGA Tour event at the 2011 HP Byron Nelson Championship and he defeated Ryan Palmer on the first hole of a sudden-death playoff. The victory gained him entry into the 2011 WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, where he shared the 36-hole lead, the week after the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, Bradley played in his first major, the 2011 PGA Championship. A second-round 64 propelled him into a share of the lead at the halfway stage, Bradley won the three-hole playoff with a birdie and two pars, while Dufner went par-bogey-birdie to finish one stroke behind. Bradley became only the player after Francis Ouimet and Ben Curtis to win a major in his first attempt. He also became the seventh consecutive first-time major winner and the first American major champion since Phil Mickelson won the 2010 Masters, with the victory, Bradley moved from number 108 to number 29 in the Official World Golf Ranking. In December, he was named the PGA Tour Rookie of the Year, during the final round of the event, Bradley was seen numerous times spitting on the course in between hitting his shots
31.
Men's major golf championships
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The mens major golf championships, commonly known as the Major Championships, and often referred to simply as the majors, are the four most prestigious annual tournaments in professional golf. In order of date, they are, April – Masters Tournament – hosted as an invitational by. June – U. S. Open – hosted by the United States Golf Association and played at various locations in the United States. July – The Open Championship – hosted by The R&A, an offshoot of The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, august – PGA Championship – hosted by the Professional Golfers Association of America and played at various locations in the United States. Alongside the biennial Ryder Cup and Presidents Cup team competitions, the majors are golfs marquee events, the top prizes are not actually the largest in golf, being surpassed by The Players Championship, three of the four World Golf Championships events, and some other invitational events. However, winning a major boosts a players career far more than winning any other tournament, if he is already a leading player, he will probably receive large bonuses from his sponsors and may be able to negotiate better contracts. If he is an unknown, he will immediately be signed up, perhaps more importantly, he will receive an exemption from the need to annually re-qualify for a tour card on his home tour, thus giving a tournament golfer some security in an unstable profession. Currently, the PGA Tour gives a five-year exemption to all major winners, three of the four majors take place in the United States. The Masters is played at the course, Augusta National Golf Club, every year. Each of the majors has a history, and they are run by four different golf organizations. As The Players has the largest prize fund of any golf event, the majors originally consisted of two British tournaments, The Open Championship and The Amateur Championship, and two American tournaments, the U. S. Open and the U. S. Amateur. It is difficult to determine when the changed to include the current four tournaments. The oldest of the majors is The Open Championship, commonly referred to as the British Open outside the United Kingdom, dominated by American champions in the 1920s and 1930s, the comparative explosion in the riches available on the U. S. Tour from the 1940s onwards meant that the overseas trip needed to qualify. Their regular participation dwindled after the war years, Ben Hogan entered just once in 1953 and won, but never returned. Sam Snead won in 1946 but lost money on the trip, Golf writer Dan Jenkins – often seen as the world authority on majors since hes attended more than anyone else – has noted that the pros didnt talk much about majors back then. I think it was Herbert Warren Wind who starting using the term and he said golfers had to be judged by the major tournaments they won, but its not like there was any set number of major tournaments. In 1960, Arnold Palmer entered The Open Championship in an attempt to emulate Hogans 1953 feat of winning on his first visit, though a runner-up by a stroke in his first attempt, Palmer returned and won the next two in 1961 and 1962
32.
LPGA
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The Ladies Professional Golf Association is an American organization for female professional golfers. The organization is headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida, and is best known for running the LPGA Tour, a series of weekly golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. Other LPGAs exist in countries, each with a geographical designation in its name, but the U. S. organization is the first, largest. The LPGA is also an organization for female club and teaching professionals. This is different from the PGA Tour, which runs the professional tours in the U. S. and, since 1968, has been independent of the club and teaching professionals organization. The LPGA also administers an annual qualifying school similar to that conducted by the PGA Tour, depending on a golfers finish in the final qualifying tournament, she may receive full or partial playing privileges on the LPGA Tour. In addition to the main LPGA Tour, the LPGA also owns and operates the Symetra Tour, formerly the Futures Tour, top finishers at the end of each season on that tour receive playing privileges on the main LPGA Tour for the following year. In its 63rd season in 2012, The LPGA is the oldest continuing womens professional sports organization in the United States, the LPGA succeeded the WPGA, which was founded in 1944 but stopped its limited tour after the 1948 season and officially ceased operations in December 1949. In 2001, Jane Blalocks JBC Marketing established the Womens Senior Golf Tour, now called the Legends Tour, for women professionals aged 45 and this is affiliated with the LPGA, but is not owned by the LPGA. Michael Whan became the commissioner of the LPGA in October 2009. Whan is a marketing executive in the sporting goods industry. In 2010, total prize money on the LPGA Tour was $41.4 million. In 2010 there were 24 official tournaments, down from 28 in 2009 and 34 in 2008. Despite the loss in total tournaments, the number of tournaments hosted outside of the United States in 2010 stayed the same, by 2016, the number of tournaments had risen to 33 with a record-high total prize money in excess of $63 million. In its first four decades, the LPGA Tour was dominated by American players, sandra Post of Canada became the first player living outside the United States to gain an LPGA tour card in 1968. Particularly, one of the trends seen in the early 21st century in the LPGA is the rise. Se Ri Paks early success in the LPGA sparked the boom in Korean women golfers on the LPGA Tour, of the 33 events in 2006, a total of 11 were won by Koreans and only seven were won by Americans. In 2007, Americans saw a resurgence, winning 12 events
33.
Women's major golf championships
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Womens golf has a set of major championships which parallels that in mens golf, with the womens system newer and less stable than the mens. As of 2013, five tournaments are designated as majors in womens golf by the LPGA Tour, the LPGAs list of majors has changed several times over the years. The two most recent changes were, In 2001, the du Maurier Classic, held in Canada, the tournament, now known as the Canadian Womens Open, is still a regular event on the LPGA Tour, but no longer designated as a major. The LPGA elevated the Womens British Open to major status to replace the du Maurier Classic, in 2013, The Evian Championship, held in France, became the fifth LPGA major. Known before 2013 as the Evian Masters, it is one of two events recognized as majors by the LPGAs European counterpart, the Ladies European Tour, the elevation of this event to LPGA major status and the name change were announced by the LPGA on July 20,2011. In both cases, the United States hosts three majors and the United Kingdom one, the Evian Championship, as noted above, is held in France. The U. S. and British Opens, and the PGA Championship match their male equivalents, the ANA Inspiration is the closest equivalent of The Masters. The two tournaments share several characteristics, both are the first majors of their respective seasons, and both are held at the same course every year. Unlike the mainstream mens equivalents, all but one of the majors have title sponsors. Each of the five majors falls under a different jurisdiction, the LPGA organizes the ANA Inspiration. The U. S. Womens Open, is operated by the United States Golf Association, the Womens British Open is operated by the Ladies Golf Union, the governing body for womens golf in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The Evian Championship is operated by the LET, from 2006 through 2008, the winners of the four womens majors received automatic entry to the LPGAs season championship, the LPGA Tour Championship. Beginning in 2009, the Tour Championship extended entry to all players in the top 120 on the official LPGA Money List, starting in 2014, the LPGA adopted a points race similar in some ways to the PGA Tours FedEx Cup. Eight different events are classified as having been LPGA majors at some time, the number in each season has fluctuated between two and five. ·The Titleholders was played from 1937 to 1966 with a gap due to World War II. In 1967 there were three majors, then from 1968 to 1971 this decreased and went back to two majors, then in 1979, the du Maurier Classic was first played and immediately considered a major leading to three majors again from 1979 to 1982. In 1983, when Nabisco Dinah Shore gained major championship status, Womens Western Open, 1930–1967 Titleholders Championship, 1937–42, 1946–66,1972 U. S. Babe Zaharias won all three majors contested in 1950 and Sandra Haynie won both majors in 1974, during the four-major era, six women have completed a Career Grand Slam by winning four different majors. There are variations in the set of four tournaments involved as the players played in different eras, the six are, Pat Bradley, Juli Inkster, Annika Sörenstam, Louise Suggs, Karrie Webb, and Mickey Wright
