Auckland Airport is the largest and busiest airport in New Zealand, with over 21 million passengers in the year ended March 2019. The airport is located near Mangere, a residential suburb, Airport Oaks, a service hub suburb 21 kilometres south of the Auckland city centre, it is both a domestic and international hub for Air New Zealand, as the New Zealand hub of Virgin Australia and Jetstar Airways. The airport is one of New Zealand's most important infrastructure assets, providing thousands of jobs for the region, it handled 71 per cent of New Zealand's international air passenger arrivals and departures in 2000. It is one of only two airports in New Zealand capable of handling Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 aircraft, it has a capacity of about 45 flight movements per hour, using a single runway, Cat IIIb capable. In November 2007 work began on a new northern runway, to be built in several stages and to be used by smaller aircraft, freeing up capacity on the main runway; the project was put on hold for at least 12 months in October 2009, deferred for a further few years in August 2010 following consultation with airlines and a review of capacity management options.

The timing of the recommencement of construction of the second runway will be demand driven relative to the capacity of the existing runway. The expected completion date for the second runway is now 2025; the site of the airport was first used as an airfield by the Auckland Aero Club. In 1928, the club leased some land from a dairy farmer to accommodate the club's three De Havilland Gypsy Moths; the club president noted at the time that the site "has many advantages of vital importance for an aerodrome and training ground. It has good approaches, is well drained and is free from power lines and fogs." Prior to rebuilding, this was known as Mangere Aerodrome. In 1960 work started to transform the site into Auckland's main airport, taking over from Whenuapai in the north-west of the city. Much of the runway is on land reclaimed from the Manukau Harbour; the first flight to leave was an Air New Zealand DC-8 in November 1965, bound for Sydney. The airport was opened the following year, with a'grand air pageant' on Auckland Anniversary weekend, 29 to 31 January 1966.

Upon the airport's opening, the runway was 2,590m long, with an extension to its current length carried out in 1973. A new international terminal, named after Jean Batten, was built in 1977. Prior to this, all flights used. In 2005, the international terminal was altered, separating departing passengers. Taxiway'Alpha' had been modified and designated as Runway 23R/05L so that rehabilitation work could be completed on the main runway 23L/05R. After the work was completed, the temporary runway reverted to taxiway alpha, although the main runway retained its L/R designations. In 2007, construction began on a second runway to the north of the current one; the new runway would have been 1,200-metre long and catered for regional flights operated by Air New Zealand using turboprop aircraft. This would have cost $32 million and would have improved the efficiency of the airport by removing smaller planes from the main runway. At a stage, the runway would have been lengthened to 1,950 metres to allow it be used by small jets on domestic and trans-Tasman flights.

In August 2009, the project was put on hold due to a downturn in air travel, in 2010 the project was suspended. Construction for Stage One started in November 2007. Stage Two will see the runway lengthened to 1,650 metres, which will enable domestic jet flights to use it. Stage Three will lengthen the runway to 2,150 metres, allowing medium-sized international jet flights to land there, from destinations such as the Pacific Islands or Australia. A new domestic terminal will be built to the north to better utilise the new runway; the new runway will thus free up the longer southern runway to handle more heavy jet operations. The 10-year project would cost NZ$120 million, not including substantial extensions planned for the airport arrivals/departure buildings and associated structures. In 2009, an extension to the international terminal was constructed, creating Pier B. Pier B covers 5,500 square metres and has been designed to allow for the addition of new gates when required, it has 2 gates, both capable of handling Airbus A380 aircraft.

In May 2009, Emirates became the first airline to fly the A380 to Auckland, using the aircraft on its daily Dubai–Sydney–Auckland route. On 2 October 2012 Emirates began operating the Dubai–Melbourne–Auckland with an A380, having operated the route with a B777-300ER. From 2 October 2013, the A380 took over from a B777-300ER on the Dubai–Brisbane–Auckland route This will mean that Emirates now serves Auckland with A380s, Auckland Airport becomes the only airport in the world, other than Dubai, to have three scheduled Emirates A380s on the ground at the same time. In 2014, Singapore Airlines was the second airline to operate A380s at the airport. In 2013, the domestic terminal undertook a series of upgrades costing a total of $30 million. Stage one ran from January 2013 to March 2013, involved changes to the drop off points and roads outside the terminal. In the second half of 2013, the baggage claim belts were lengthened, parts of the apron was changed, new corridors were connected to the jetbridges.

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Okinawa Shrine is a Shinto shrine in Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Established at the end of the Taishō period on the site of Shuri Castle, the main hall of, reused as the haiden, the shrine buildings were destroyed in May 1945 during the Battle of Okinawa. Both castle and shrine have since been rebuilt while this phase has been written out of the "official history" told at Shurijō Castle Park; the shrine is dedicated to Shunten, Shō En, Shō Kei, Shō Tai. The first fought in the Hōgen Rebellion before making his way to Okinawa and siring there the future king Shunten, as told in Ryūkyū Shintō-ki and Chūzan Seikan, a tale, exploited during the Meiji period and after to help legitimize the annexation of the kingdom and its reconfiguration first as the Ryūkyū Domain and subsequently as Okinawa Prefecture; the three Shō Dynasty kings were the founder of the dynasty, ruler during the kingdom's golden age, its last king. In 1889, the governor of Okinawa requested the establishment of a kokuhei chūsha, not only "to cultivate the spirit of reverence and respect", but on the grounds that this would be "invaluable in the government of the prefecture".

Naminoue Shrine was proposed as the candidate. In 1910 it was proposed a new prefectural shrine be established in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of the ascension to the throne of the Meiji emperor. Four years there were unsuccessful proposals to establish a prefectural shrine in the grounds of Naminoue-gū. In 1915 the prefectural government proposed to the Home Ministry the foundation of a shrine dedicated to Shō Tai and Shinerikyo. In December 1922, the prefecture submitted another proposal for a prefectural shrine. With old Shuri Castle as the location, the submission was approved by the Home Ministry on 31 March 1923; the main hall of the castle in a state of some disrepair, was to be demolished to make way for the haiden. Despite the appeal of Higashionna Kanjun to the mayor of Shuri, work was underway when Kamakura Yoshitarō approached Itō Chūta to help save the site; the pair visited Okinawa together before the prominent architect, a member of the Committee for the Preservation of Ancient Shrines and Temples, declaring the castle the "representative work of Ryūkyūan architecture", intervened to secure an emergency designation under the Historical Sites, Places of Scenic Beauty, Natural Monuments Preservation Law.

Demolition was halted. Itō proposed the main hall be used as the shrine haiden, thus qualifying it for funds for repair under the Ancient Temples and Shrines Preservation Law. On 24 April 1925, as "Okinawa Jinja haiden", it was designated a Specially Protected Building; this ostensibly benign episode of heritage preservation might be viewed as a violent colonial "appropriation" of the palace of the Ryūkyū Kings, paradigmatic "marker of prior independence", for relocation within the "ideological universe" of State Shinto and service of the "emperor-centred Japanese nation state". The shrine and most of the rest of the castle were destroyed during the Battle of Okinawa, five years the University of the Ryukyus was established on the former castle site in May 1950. Under United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands Proclamation 16 of 1952, concerning land with uncertain ownership, the shrine grounds were transferred to the administration of Shuri City, which two years was merged into Naha.

In 1960, a proposal to rebuild the shrine on a plot to the east of the former castle main hall was vetoed by the University. The following year a temporary shrine was erected by the entrance to Bengadake, construction work continuing into 1962. In 1969 a tenancy agreement for the land occupied by the temporary shrine was agreed with Naha City by the Association for the Realization of the Reconstruction of Okinawa Shrine; as of 2016, Okinawa Shrine is one of eleven shrines overseen by the Okinawa Prefecture Shrine Agency, a branch of the Association of Shinto Shrines. Chōsen Jingū Taiwan Shrine Ryūkyū Kingdom List of Cultural Properties of Japan - structures Okinawa Jinja

The Time Jumpers is the name of a Grammy-winning Western swing band formed in 1998 by a group of Nashville studio musicians who enjoyed jamming together. Country star Vince Gill joined the group in 2010; the 11–member group started playing occasional local gigs until they agreed to take a regular slot playing at the Station Inn, a venerable Nashville bluegrass venue. They moved to a larger venue, Nashville's "3rd & Lindsley", were called by Tennessean writer Juli Thanki, "One of the hottest shows in town"; some of their guest artists on the weekly live show have included Joe Walsh, Robert Plant, Norah Jones, Bonnie Raitt, Reba McEntire, Jimmy Buffett, Kings of Leon, Toby Keith. The group travels, but in 2010 they performed at New York's Lincoln Center. In 2007, they in 2012 recorded The Time Jumpers. At the 2017 Grammy Awards the group won "Best American Roots Song" for Vince Gill's composition "Kid Sister"; the group's lineup has changed frequently. Some of the musicians involved have included: Brad Albin – bass Michael Blaustone – drums Robert Bowlin – fiddle Johnny Cox – steel guitar Dennis Crouch – bass Larry Franklin – fiddle Paul Franklin – steel guitar Vince Gill – vocals, guitar Doug Green – vocals, guitar Adie Grey – vocals Aubrey Haynie – fiddle Hoot Hester – vocals John Hughey – steel guitar Kenny LeMasters – steel guitar, guitar Kenny Malone – drums Carolyn Martin – vocals Danny Parks – guitar Andy Reiss – guitar Dawn Sears – vocals Kenny Sears – fiddle Joe Spivey – vocals, fiddle Jeff Taylor – vocals, accordion Billy Thomas – drums Rick Vanaugh – drums Performed with Reba McEntire on the song "If You're Not Gone Too Long" from Coal Miner's Daughter: A Tribute To Loretta Lynn.

Performed with LeAnn Rimes on the song "Blue" from Lady & Gentlemen. Performed with Vince Gill on the song "Buttermilk John" from Guitar Slinger. Performed with Miranda Lambert on the song "All That's Left" from Platinum. Performed with Asleep at the Wheel on the song "Faded Love" from Still the King: Celebrating the Music of Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys. Performed with Willie Nelson on the album For the Good Times: A Tribute to Ray Price; the Time Jumpers

Nita A. Farahany is an Iranian-American professor and scholar on the ramifications of new technology on society and ethics, she teaches Law and philosophy at Duke University where she is the founding director of Duke Science and Society as well as a chair of the Bioethics and Science Policy MA program. She is active on many committees and other groups within the law and bioethics communities with a focus on technologies that have increasing potential to have ethical and legal issues. In 2010 she was appointed by President Obama to the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical issues. Farahany completed her undergraduate studies at Dartmouth College where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in genetics and developmental biology. Farahany continued with her education at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, where she acquired a JD, MA, PhD in philosophy of biology and jurisprudence. Additionally, she attended Harvard to receive her ALM in the field, she has since moved on to teach as well as provide ethical counsel to many.

Farahany clerked for Judge Judith W. Rogers of the US Court of Appeals for the D. C. Circuit. Farahany began her work at Vanderbilt University to complete her dissertation. However, in 2006, she continued working at Vanderbilt as an Assistant Professor of Law, she left in 2011 to become the Leah Kaplan Visiting Professor of Human Rights at Stanford Law. Farahany is a tenured professor of Law and Philosophy at Duke University. Additionally, she is the founding director of the Duke initiative for Science and Society and the chair of the Bioethics and Science Policy MA; the Bioethics and Science Policy program is a program designed to merge bioethics training and policy and law training to add a new depth to education in these areas. It is the first of its kind. Questions concerning technological advancements affecting ethics surrounding biological science and neuroscience are discussed in this program, as well as preparing graduate students to be able to communicate science more efficiently with society.

SLAPLAB is the Duke initiative for Science and Society laboratory designed to bring scholars in undergraduate studies all the way up to postdocs and faculty together. Here, directed by Farahany, they discuss new studies in ethics at the intersection of science, society and philosophy. Additionally, the lab designs and undertakes new studies, present about current ongoing studies and new research, communicate with the public, host expert speakers. Ongoing Research projects and requirements for members can be found on the SLAPLAB website. In 2010, Nita A. Farahany was appointed by President Obama to serve on the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues; this commission was created on November 24, 2009 by president Obama to advise him on ethical, legal and philosophical issues in the biosciences. Additionally, the commission proposed ethical legislation on conducting research, providing healthcare, creating bio technology to regulate responsible action in these fields. In a statement about his executive order to create this commission, President Obama declared, “As our nation invests in science and innovation and pursues advances in biomedical research and health care, it’s imperative that we do so in a responsible manner.”

International Neuroethics Society, or INS - Farahany has been a board member of the INS since 2012. She is the president/president elect in the 2018-2019 cycle and will be the president in the 2019-2020 cycle. Neuroethics Division of the Multi-Council Working group for BRAIN initiative President's Research Council of Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, or CIFAR Expert Network for World Economic Forum Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues Section on Jurisprudence for the Association of American Law Schools: Chair Elect Serves on several corporations' Scientific and Ethics Advisory Boards Conferences for the US Court of Appeals Conference for the National Judicial College The American Association for the Advancement of Science National Academies of Science Workshops The American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy Aspen Ideas Festival The World Economic Forum TED Testifying before US Congress- during the hearing on “What Facial Recognition Technology Means for Privacy and Civil Liberties”.

Presented to the Senate Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy and the Law In November, 2018, Farahany gave a TED talk on the potential impact neurotechnology could have on societies around the world. She delved into the potential ethical obligations we, as a global society, must agree upon and how we might be able to codify and enforce said ethical decisions. Farahany poses the question: what value should be placed on the thoughts in our head and what rights should humans have to be able to decide when, if those thoughts are shared; the implications behind technology that can read thoughts are being realized in China where some workers are required to wear EEG machines under their hats in order to collect information on that worker's productivity and mood. Farahany stated her concern that society is not adapting as as technology, opining "I think this is because people don't yet understand or believe the implications of this new brain-decoding technology. " To protect ourselves from advancing neurotechnology, Farahany suggests a right to cognitive liberty be recognized as a part of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Staff profile at Duke University

Thom Hell is a Norwegian singer-songwriter. His birth name is Thomas Helland, he has released five albums. After using his backing band "The Love Connection" on the two first albums and the following tours, he has now formed a new backing band consisting of different people from the Norwegian music scene Hell contributes on Norwegian singer-songwriter Marit Larsen's album Under the Surface where he joins Larsen in a duet for the song "To an End". Thom released 2 albums before being asked by Marit Larsen to be in her band, he contributed to her first solo album. After leaving her band, he went on to release his critically acclaimed album "God If I Saw Her Now", for which he received two Norwegian Grammys, his next album "All Good Things" went on to win another one for best male artist of the year. Went to LA to record "Suddenly Past" in 2012, it was produced by the talented Jason Falkner. Recorded and released "Six" in 2014, "Until This Blows Over" on the Voices Of Wonder label in 2015. Thom is writing on his eighth studio album, while producing other artists in his spare time.

Compilation albums 2003: "Tremendous Sinner" 2004: The While Your Waiting 2004: I Love You Too 2003: "Missing Home" 2004: "Mourning Song" 2004: "Some Guy" 2006: "Try" 2008: "Don´t Let Go" 2008: "Darling" 2008: "Don´t Leave Me Heather" 2010: "Over You" 2010: "All Good Things" 2011: "Tonight" 2012: "As Long As" 2012: "She´s Like The Wind" 2015: Time 2015: Everything Is Happening So Fast 2016: 1985 2016: Leave Me To Die 2016: Famous Official website Thom Hell at MySPace Facebook Artist page

Water ramps into oversized pools, ponds, or lakes are constructed as training locations for aerial skiing, mogul skiing, snowboarding acrobatics events. Such structures comprise three sections: in-run, a kicker, a water surface for landing, they permit the practice of new skills with reduced risk, as the impact of a water landing is less dangerous than a comparable impact on compacted snow. Water ramp training for snow ski aerials became an indispensable professional training tool when Bob Salerno, Frank Bare, Jr. Hans Ribi and Jeff Chumas built a ramp capable of breaking world records in 1978; this first world-class water ramp was built at Nordic Valley ski resort. Bare performed the first recorded double twisting triple back flip and triple twisting triple back flip in 1979 at Nordic Valley, four years he was the first to perform a quad flip on snow; as no comparable water ramps existed elsewhere, skiers from all over North America trained at Nordic Valley until an updated structure was completed in Lake Placid, New York in 1987.

The state of Utah, in coordination with the US Ski Team, built their water ramp in 1993, in preparation for the 2002 Olympics. Now called the Utah Olympic Park, the facility hosts U. S. Australia and other national ski teams for Freestyles Aerial skiing and Mogul skiing, as well as various snowboarding and Freeskiing athletes. Additional modern water ramps are located at Torreilles France, Switzerland, Czech-Republic, Lac-Beauport, Quebec and Minsk, Belarus; this last site in Belarus was completed in 2015 and is one of the first indoor water ramp facilities, allowing year-round training and climate control. A water ramp is constructed by covering a structurally stable wood or steel frame with a stiff plastic whose surface is comparable to a hairbrush. Users have nicknamed this section the green or white "meanies" for its ability to leave a "road rash" on anyone who falls on it; the sliding surface is watered down by sprinklers or hoses to allow skis and snowboards to slide with reduced friction and limit dry spots.

At the end of the in-run is the "kicker", an upward curve to permit the jumping necessary for the relevant sports. Pools built for water ramps are larger than Olympic size to accommodate the different distances that athletes travel forward of the ramp. Heating is not provided, as aerialists need them only during the warmer months, because actual snow ramps can be used during winter. Participants wear wetsuits, dry suits, gloves and helmets; the danger of hard landings on water can be reduced by aerating the water surface to create bubbles as large as 12 inches, softening landings and lowering injuries. Additionally, these bubbles serve as a reference point for the athletes to help keep them oriented when performing acrobatics. Skis are reinforced to lengthen their life, but water impacts will invariably break or delaminate reinforced skis. Most holes or slits have been placed on waterramp aerial skis to further reduce the impact on the athlete's body; as a training tool, the water ramp can be invaluable to preventing injuries on snow, but dangerous in itself.

Novices fear falling on the in-run, they are unprepared for the compression that occurs at the end of the in-run and the beginning of the kicker. Awkward landings from high jumps can render skiers unconscious, making the presence of a lifeguard mandatory. Although the pool's bubbles do reduce impacts injuries to arms and backs can occur. More for jumpers landing long or short in rotation, have their wind knocked out. For advanced athletes traveling faster on the double and triple kickers, the most dangerous part is at the take off. If the skier were to catch an edge on the final few meters of the ski surface they are vulnerable and can hit their backs or heads on the jump creating tremendous impact; these events are rare and can be mitigated by proper installation and frequent inspection of the kicker's ski surface. Bennett, Jeff, et al; the Complete Snowboarder. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2001