1.
Eschweiler
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828 First mentioned by Einhard, the biographer of Charlemagne. For some centuries part of the Duchy of Jülich,1678 Completely destroyed except one house and the valuable leather Pietà. 1800 French municipal rights and capital of the Canton of Eschweiler in the French Département de la Roer, the French Cantons of Burtscheid and Eschweiler are put together to form the Prussian Kreis Aachen. 1838 Foundation of the first joint stock company in the then Kingdom of Prussia and its quarters Hehlrath, Kinzweiler and St. Jöris are released in order to form the new municipality of Kinzweiler. 1932 Hastenrath and Nothberg become a part of Eschweiler,1944 Heavily destroyed in World War II, the last coal mine was flooded during the war and never been re-opened. Part of the land of North Rhine-Westphalia. 1960s Complete modernization of Eschweilers downtown and regulation of the Inde in order to prevent the regular inundations, Kinzweiler, after 114 years, comes back. 1970s Eschweiler loses seven quarters because of the brown-coal opencast mining, Erberich, Hausen, Langendorf, Laurenzberg, Lohn, Lürken, every summer the Eschweiler Music Festival EMF takes place. People go to the numerous pubs around the Market Place and in the old-town alley Schnellengasse as well as to the large-scale discothèque Klejbors, Eschweiler is a center of Rhineland carnival. It has more than 20 active carnival clubs, and every Monday before Lent it has the third of Germanys longest carnival processions, antonius Hospital with 443 beds and 13 departments. Every year, there are some 15,000 in-patients and 25,000 out-patients, the Euregio Breast Centre is part of the hospital. Soccer, ice hockey, golf, open-air swimming pool, indoor swimming pool, horse sports, chemical and metal industries, logistics and a lignite power plant. The lignite deposits in the region are former Miocene swamp forest dominated by Castanopsis, such plants do not occur naturally in Europe. A type of wood has been described from logs found in Eschweiler mines. Eschweiler has six stations, Eschweiler Hauptbahnhof, Eschweiler-Aue, Eschweiler-West, Eschweiler-Talbahnhof, Eschweiler-Nothberg, Eschweiler-Weisweiler. Eschweiler has two bus terminals and bus lines in quarter and in its whole vicinity. Autobahn exits on the A4 include Eschweiler-West, Eschweiler-Ost and Weisweiler, the city can be reached also by three exits on the A44, Aldenhoven, Alsdorf and Broichweiden. in Duisburg in 1867, and later on other steelworks
2.
Ratingen
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Ratingen is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the northwestern part of Berg - about 12 km northeast of Düsseldorf. Since the Middle Ages, the Ratingen area belonged to the count, on December 11,1276 the settlement received city rights. Ratingen was one of the four places of Berg which experienced a boom in the end of the Middle Ages. At the beginning of the Industrial Age, the first manufacturing plants opened in 1783, in Cromford the first mechanical spinnery of Europe opened, which grew into the Textilfabrik Cromford, now part of the Rheinisches Industriemuseum. In the Napoleonic times, it part of the city of Berg and in 1815. In the communal re-organization of 1929, Ratingen maintained its independence, after relatively small war damage, Ratingen in the 1960s and the 1970s experienced years the growth and development. Several important international enterprises as Vodafone, ASUS, Hewlett-Packard, SAP, CEMEX, Tiptel and it is also the hometown of automotive dealer Gottfried Schultz. In 1970, before further incorporations the number of inhabitants surpassed 50,000, since 1997 the town has hosted the Mehrkampf-Meeting, an annual decathlon and pentathlon meeting
3.
Kettwig
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Kettwig is the southernmost borough of the city of Essen in western Germany and, until 1975, was a town in its own right. Kettwig is situated next to the Ruhr river, at a height of 53 metres above sea level. It is the most recently incorporated borough of Essen and also the largest in size and it belongs to the city district Stadtbezirk IX Werden/Kettwig/Bredeney and has 17,760 inhabitants as of June 2006. Kettwigs first mention was in a letter of Pope Innocent III to Heribert II of Werden dated May 19,1199, a bridge over the Ruhr was first mentioned in 1282 and heavily fought for during the Thirty Years War. The northern parts of the Kettwig parish belonged to the abbey of Werden until 1802, from 1806 to 1814, Kettwig belonged to the earldom of Berg, then was under Prussian administration again until 1929. Kettwig gained town rights in 1857 and first belonged to the district of Duisburg, in 1929, when the district of Essen was dissolved, Kettwig fell to the district Düsseldorf-Mettmann. The part of Kettwig south of the Ruhr, Kettwig vor der Brücke, belonged to the earldom of Berg until 1814, Oefte was merged from Heiligenhaus into Kettwig in April 1936. On January 1,1975, the reform in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia became effective and Kettwig was separated from the Düsseldorf-Mettmann district. The westernmost part of Kettwig, Mintard, merged into Mülheim an der Ruhr. In 1996, a public quorum demanded Kettwig to be split off the city of Essen and to be merged back into the district of Mettmann, however, the state government decided not to change the status quo. Thanks to not having any important major industries, Kettwig emerged from World War II largely unscathed, the tower of the Market Church dates back to the 14th century, with additions from 1720. The Catholic Church St. Peter was christened in 1830, other sights include Schloss Hugenpoet, which has been remodeled into a hotel, Schloss Oefte, and the Kattenturm, a 14th-century watchtower belonging to the former castle Luttelnau. The Kettwig reservoir was built by the Ruhrverband between 1940 and 1950 and it is the smallest of the five Ruhr reservoirs. There are two stops on Kettwig territory, both are served by the S6 line of the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn since May 1968. The latter used to connect to lines leading to Mülheim an der Ruhr and Velbert, local bus lines are operated by Essener Verkehrs-AG. The Rheinbahn now operates the former Bahnbus lines to Mülheim an der Ruhr, due to being integrated into Essen relatively recently, there are a few quirks associated with Kettwig, The telephone dialling code is 02054, despite the rest of Essen having the 0201 code. The railway stations have not been prefixed with Essen-, as has been the case all other stations in Essen. Kettwig belongs to the diocese of Cologne, which results in the Ruhr diocese not profiting from Kettwig church taxes, the Protestant population likewise belongs to the church parish of Mülheim an der Ruhr
4.
Germany
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Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a federal parliamentary republic in central-western Europe. It includes 16 constituent states, covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres, with about 82 million inhabitants, Germany is the most populous member state of the European Union. After the United States, it is the second most popular destination in the world. Germanys capital and largest metropolis is Berlin, while its largest conurbation is the Ruhr, other major cities include Hamburg, Munich, Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Düsseldorf and Leipzig. Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity, a region named Germania was documented before 100 AD. During the Migration Period the Germanic tribes expanded southward, beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation, in 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the parliamentary Weimar Republic, the establishment of the national socialist dictatorship in 1933 led to World War II and the Holocaust. After a period of Allied occupation, two German states were founded, the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, in 1990, the country was reunified. In the 21st century, Germany is a power and has the worlds fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP. As a global leader in industrial and technological sectors, it is both the worlds third-largest exporter and importer of goods. Germany is a country with a very high standard of living sustained by a skilled. It upholds a social security and universal health system, environmental protection. Germany was a member of the European Economic Community in 1957. It is part of the Schengen Area, and became a co-founder of the Eurozone in 1999, Germany is a member of the United Nations, NATO, the G8, the G20, and the OECD. The national military expenditure is the 9th highest in the world, the English word Germany derives from the Latin Germania, which came into use after Julius Caesar adopted it for the peoples east of the Rhine. This in turn descends from Proto-Germanic *þiudiskaz popular, derived from *þeudō, descended from Proto-Indo-European *tewtéh₂- people, the discovery of the Mauer 1 mandible shows that ancient humans were present in Germany at least 600,000 years ago. The oldest complete hunting weapons found anywhere in the world were discovered in a mine in Schöningen where three 380, 000-year-old wooden javelins were unearthed
5.
Business magnate
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A business magnate refers to an entrepreneur of great influence, importance, or standing in a particular enterprise or field of business. Such individuals may also be called czars, moguls, proprietors, tycoons, taipans, barons, the word magnate derives from the Latin magnates, meaning a great man or great nobleman. The word tycoon derives from the Japanese word taikun, which means great lord, the word entered the English language in 1857 with the return of Commodore Perry to the United States. U. S. President Abraham Lincoln was humorously referred to as the Tycoon by his aides John Nicolay, the term spread to the business community, where it has been used ever since. The word mogul is an English corruption of mughal, Persian or Arabic for Mongol and it alludes to emperors of the Mughal Empire in the Medieval India, who possessed great power and storied riches capable of producing wonders of opulence such as the Taj Mahal. Modern business magnates are entrepreneurs that amass on their own or wield substantial family fortunes in the process of building or running their own businesses and their dominance was known as the Second Industrial Revolution, the Gilded Age, or the Robber Baron Era. The Famous 15, Americas Most Fascinating Tycoons,25 Tycoons Who Run the World
6.
University of Karlsruhe
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The University of Karlsruhe, also known as Fridericiana, was founded in 1825. It recently merged with Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe to form the new institution and it is located in the city of Karlsruhe, Germany, and is one of the most prestigious technical universities in Germany - it is recognized as one of the leading research universities. The University of Karlsruhe was founded as Polytechnische Schule, a polytechnical school and it was modeled upon the École polytechnique in Paris. In 1865, Grand Duke Frederick I of Baden raised the school to the status of a Hochschule, since 1902 the university also has been known as the Fridericiana in his honour. In 1885 the institution was renamed a Technische Hochschule, Institute of Technology, and in 1967 it became a Universität, in 1899 all technical universities, including the University of Karlsruhe, were granted the right to award doctorate degrees for engineering identified as Dr. Ing. The University of Karlsruhe has been one of the leading German institutions in computer science, the department of informatics was established three years later along with the study of informatics in a regular course. On 2 August 1984 the university received the first email in Germany, the name was selected to emulate the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the leading technical university in the United States. In 2008 Hans-Werner Hector, SAP co-founder, raised a 200 million euro fund to support excellent researchers within the university, in the winter semester of 2008/2009 the University of Karlsruhe completed the transition from the Diplom system to a bachelor and master based system. Students working towards a degree were allowed to finish their studies while new students could apply for a bachelors or masters degree. Admission policies vary in different departments, all departments require students to pass a minimum number of exams, called Orientierungsprüfung, in the first three semesters to continue their studies. In the first semesters of a course tend to be theoretically-oriented at the university, requiring a high concentration of mathematical classes for engineering. It is possible to specialize in more practical or theoretical topics in later semesters, the university allows a broad band of education with the possibility of cross studies and work. The studium generale was established in 1949 allowing students to attend lectures not directly pertaining to their field, the Zentrum für Angewandte Kulturwissenschaft und Studium Generale was founded in 1989 to support students as a central institution for their interdisciplinary studies. A chance for a concomitant study in applied science is given as well. In 1979 the Interfakultatives Institut für Anwendungen der Informatik was founded and it brings together research in the fields of physics, mathematics and engineering which are based on computer science. Its mathematical branch is the Institut für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen und Mathem and its aim is to enhance the exchange between mathematics and engineering in the fields of scientific calculations. The Interfakultatives Institut für Entrepreneurship, now known as the Institut für Entrepreneurship and its teaching professors are entrepreneurs on their own, such as Götz Werner, founder of dm-drogerie markt. In 2001 the Center for Functional Nanostructures was established and it merges the fields of material sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering and physics which are related to nanotechnology
7.
Antwerp
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Antwerp is a city in Belgium, the capital of Antwerp province in the region of Flanders. With a population of 510,610, it is the most populous city proper in Belgium and its metropolitan area houses around 1,200,000 people, which is second behind Brussels. Antwerp is on the River Scheldt, linked to the North Sea by the Westerschelde estuary, the Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world, ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally. Antwerp has long been an important city in the Low Countries, the inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed Sinjoren, after the Spanish honorific señor or French seigneur, lord, referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century. The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics, according to folklore, notably celebrated by a statue in front of the town hall, the city got its name from a legend about a giant called Antigoon who lived near the Scheldt river. He exacted a toll from passing boatmen, and for those who refused, he severed one of their hands, eventually the giant was killed by a young hero named Silvius Brabo, who cut off the giants own hand and flung it into the river. Hence the name Antwerpen, from Dutch hand werpen, akin to Old English hand and wearpan, a longstanding theory is that the name originated in the Gallo-Roman period and comes from the Latin antverpia. Antverpia would come from Ante Verpia, indicating land that forms by deposition in the curve of a river. Note that the river Scheldt, before a period between 600 and 750, followed a different track. This must have coincided roughly with the current ringway south of the city, however, many historians think it unlikely that there was a large settlement which would be named Antverpia, but more something like an outpost with a river crossing. However, John Lothrop Motley argues, and so do a lot of Dutch etymologists and historians, aan t werp is also possible. This warp is a hill or a river deposit, high enough to remain dry at high tide. Another word for werp is pol hence polders, historical Antwerp allegedly had its origins in a Gallo-Roman vicus. Excavations carried out in the oldest section near the Scheldt, 1952–1961, produced pottery shards, the earliest mention of Antwerp dates from the 4th century. In the 4th century, Antwerp was first named, having been settled by the Germanic Franks, the name was reputed to have been derived from anda and werpum. The Merovingian Antwerp was evangelized by Saint Amand in the 7th century, at the end of the 10th century, the Scheldt became the boundary of the Holy Roman Empire. Antwerp became a margraviate in 980, by the German emperor Otto I, in the 11th century Godfrey of Bouillon was for some years known as the marquis of Antwerp. In the 12th century, Norbert of Xanten established a community of his Premonstratensian canons at St. Michaels Abbey at Caloes
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