1.
San Antonio
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San Antonio, officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh-most populated city in the United States and the second-most populous city in the state of Texas, with a population of 1,409,019. It was the fastest growing of the top 10 largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, the city straddles South Texas and Central Texas and is on the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion known as the Texas Triangle. San Antonio serves as the seat of Bexar County, recent annexations have extended the citys boundaries into Medina County and, though for only a very tiny area near the city of Garden Ridge, into Comal County. Due to its placement, the city has characteristics of other urban centers in which there are sparsely populated areas. San Antonio is the center of the San Antonio–New Braunfels Metropolitan Statistical Area, growth along the Interstate 35 and Interstate 10 corridors to the north, west and east make it likely that the metropolitan area will continue to expand. San Antonio was named for Saint Anthony of Padua, whose feast day is on June 13, the city contains five 18th-century Spanish frontier missions, including The Alamo and San Antonio Missions National Historical Park, which were designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2015. Other notable attractions include the River Walk, the Tower of the Americas, the Alamo Bowl, the city is home to the five-time NBA champion San Antonio Spurs and hosts the annual San Antonio Stock Show & Rodeo, one of the largest such events in the country. The U. S. Kelly Air Force Base operated out of San Antonio until 2001, the remaining portions of the base were developed as Port San Antonio, an industrial/business park and aerospace complex. San Antonio is home to six Fortune 500 companies and the South Texas Medical Center, at the time of European encounter, Payaya Indians lived near the San Antonio River Valley in the San Pedro Springs area, calling the vicinity Yanaguana, meaning refreshing waters. In 1691, a group of Spanish Catholic explorers and missionaries came upon the river and Payaya settlement on June 13 and they named the place and river San Antonio in his honor. It was years before any Spanish settlement took place, father Antonio de Olivares visited the site in 1709, and he was determined to found a mission and civilian settlement there. He directed Martin de Alarcón, the governor of Coahuila and Texas, differences between Alarcón and Olivares resulted in delays, and construction did not start until 1718. The families who clustered around the presidio and mission formed the beginnings of Villa de Béjar, on May 1, the governor transferred ownership of the Mission San Antonio de Valero to Fray Antonio de Olivares. On May 5,1718 he commissioned the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar on the west side of the San Antonio River, one-fourth league from the mission. On February 14,1719, the Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo proposed to the king of Spain that 400 families be transported from the Canary Islands, Galicia, or Havana to populate the province of Texas. By June 1730,25 families had reached Cuba, and 10 families had sent to Veracruz before orders from Spain came to stop the re-settlement. Under the leadership of Juan Leal Goraz, the group marched overland from Veracruz to the Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, due to marriages along the way, the party now included 15 families, a total of 56 persons. They joined the community established in 1718
2.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
3.
Dance-pop
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Dance-pop is a pop and dance subgenre that originated in the early 1980s. It is generally up-tempo music intended for nightclubs with the intention of being danceable, the genre, on the whole, tends to be producer-driven, despite some notable exceptions. Dance-pop borrowed influences from other genres, which varied by producer, artist, such include contemporary R&B, house, trance, techno, new jack swing, funk, synthpop, electropop and some forms of europop. Dance-pop is a mainstream style of music and there have been numerous pop artists. As the term started to go out of fashion by the late 1970s to early 1980s, other terms were commonly used to describe disco-based music, such as post-disco, club. Dance-pop music emerged in the 1980s as a combination of dance and pop, or post-disco, Dance-pop music was usually created, composed and produced by record producers who would then hire singers to perform the songs. In the beginning of the 80s disco was an anathema to the mainstream pop, according to prominent Allmusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine, Madonna had a huge role in popularizing dance music as mainstream music, utilizing her charisma, chutzpah and sex appeal. Erlewine claimed that Madonna launched dance-pop and set the standard for the genre for the two decades. The staff of Vice magazine stated that her debut album drew the blueprint for future dance-pop, in the 1980s dance-pop was closely aligned to other up-tempo electronic genres, such as Hi-NRG. Prominent producers in the 1980s included Stock, Aitken and Waterman, during the decade, dance-pop borrowed influences from funk, new jack swing, and contemporary R&B. Other prominent dance-pop artists and groups of the 1980s included the Pet Shop Boys, Mel and Kim, Samantha Fox, Debbie Gibson, by the 1990s, dance-pop had become a major genre in popular music. Several dance-pop groups and artists emerged during the 1990s, such as the Spice Girls, Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Jessica Simpson, Backstreet Boys, during the early 1990s, dance-pop borrowed influences from house music, as well as contemporary R&B and new jack swing. Additionally, also in 1998, Cher released a song called Believe which made usage of a technological innovation of the time. An audio processor and a form of pitch modification software, Auto-Tune is commonly used as a way to correct pitch, since the late 1990s, the use of Auto-Tune processing has become a common feature of dance-pop music. Celine Dion also released a dance-pop song Thats the Way It Is by the end of 1999 and it has a moderately slow tempo but an up-beat song. At the beginning of the 2000s, dance-pop music was still prominent, nonetheless, as R&B and hip hop became extremely popular from the early part of the decade onwards, dance-pop often borrowed a lot of its influences from urban music. Dance-pop stars from the 1980s and 1990s such as Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera, Madonna, Janet Jackson, in Madonnas case, her album Music contained elements of Euro disco, especially the successful eponymous lead single. Britney Spears album Blackout contained influences of Euro disco, the mid-to-late 2000s saw the arrival of several new dance-pop artists, including Rihanna, Kesha, Lady Gaga and Katy Perry
4.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
5.
Songwriter
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A songwriter is an individual who writes the lyrics, melodies and chord progressions for songs, typically for a popular music genre such as rock or country music. A songwriter can also be called a composer, although the term tends to be used mainly for individuals from the classical music genre. The pressure from the industry to produce popular hits means that songwriting is often an activity for which the tasks are distributed between a number of people. For example, a songwriter who excels at writing lyrics might be paired with a songwriter with a gift for creating original melodies, pop songs may be written by group members from the band or by staff writers – songwriters directly employed by music publishers. Some songwriters serve as their own publishers, while others have outside publishers. The old-style apprenticeship approach to learning how to write songs is being supplemented by university degrees and college diplomas, a knowledge of modern music technology, songwriting elements and business skills are necessary requirements to make a songwriting career in the 2010s. Several music colleges offer songwriting diplomas and degrees with music business modules, the legal power to grant these permissions may be bought, sold or transferred. This is governed by international copyright law, song pitching can be done on a songwriters behalf by their publisher or independently using tip sheets like RowFax, the MusicRow publication and SongQuarters. Skills associated with song-writing include entrepreneurism and creativity, songwriters who sign an exclusive songwriting agreement with a publisher are called staff writers. In the Nashville country music scene, there is a staff writer culture where contracted writers work normal 9-to-5 hours at the publishing office and are paid a regular salary. This salary is in effect the writers draw, an advance on future earnings, the publisher owns the copyright of songs written during the term of the agreement for a designated period, after which the songwriter can reclaim the copyright. In an interview with HitQuarters, songwriter Dave Berg extolled the benefits of the set-up, unlike contracted writers, some staff writers operate as employees for their respective publishers. Under the terms of work for hire agreements, the compositions created are fully owned by the publisher. In Nashville, young writers are often encouraged to avoid these types of contracts. Staff writers are common across the industry, but without the more office-like working arrangements favored in Nashville. All the major publishers employ writers under contract, songwriter Allan Eshuijs described his staff writer contract at Universal Music Publishing as a starter deal. His success under the arrangement eventually allowed him to found his own publishing company, so that he could. keep as much as possible, songwriters are also often skilled musicians. In addition to selling their songs and musical concepts for other artists to sing, songwriters need to create a number of elements for a song
6.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
7.
Piano
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The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches
8.
Cash Money Records
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Cash Money Records is an American record label founded by two brothers, Bryan Birdman Williams and Ronald Slim Williams. The label is distributed by Republic Records, which used to be Universal Republic, Cash Money is estimated to be worth $300 million USD. Cash Money Records was founded in 1991, Bryan Williams told some of his close friends the motivation for starting the label, I was hoping it would get us out of the projects and into a positive way of life. And we wanted to other people get out of this poverty Along the way he met a lot of influential people on the road with the Hot Boys. Cash Money and Universal negotiated the deal between Cash Money and Universal Músic Groups Universal Records, which became an 80%-20% distribution deal, later, UMG acquired a portion of Cash Money Records, making it a UMG subsidiary. For its first few years, Cash Money played host to a number of releases by artists, selling only one album. Some of the labels releases garnered some success in New Orleans, Louisiana. Artists on the label during this period included the group U. N. L. V, kilo G, Lil Slim, Pimp Daddy, and PxMxWx. In 1995, the label signed young rappers B. G, the signees marked what would be the second wave of Cash Money artists. In 1997, B. G. and Lil Wayne formed the group the Hot Boys together with Juvenile, although they made little impact outside of the region in the beginning, they became the labels most well-known artists early on. Cash Moneys big break came in 1998 when the Hot Boys, B. G. and Juvenile in particular, Dino Delvaille, who orchestrated the deal, later told HitQuarters, I made certain they retained 100% ownership of their work. After the deal Cash Money records achieved a new level of success, the release of Juveniles 1998 album 400 Degreez, which was certified 4X Platinum by the RIAA, solidified Cash Money as a powerful label in the national hip-hop scene. Later albums in 1999 such as the Hot Boys Guerrilla Warfare, B. G. s Chopper City in the Ghetto, and Lil Waynes Tha Block Is Hot also saw great chart success and furthered the labels reputation. These albums contained major Billboard hits such as Juveniles Back That Azz Up, B. G. s Bling Bling, All of Cash Moneys albums and singles in this period were solely produced by the labels in-house producer, Mannie Fresh. Their A&R at Universal, Dino Delvaille, said, When they first came into the business, they were very reluctant to make records with other people. They probably felt that people would steal their style or flavor, and I had to work hard to get them to open up to making records with Cam’ron, Puffy and this labels success continued into the 2000s. Between 2001 and 2003, the label sold 7 million albums, the song Still Fly by the Big Tymers was nominated for two Grammy Awards. However, B. G. and Juvenile left the label in 2002, in 2007, former Hot Boys member Lil Wayne was named president of Cash Money Records and CEO of Young Money Entertainment
9.
Republic Records
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Republic Records is an American record company that operates as a division of Universal Music Group. The label was endowed by Monte Lipman and Avery Lipman in 1995, the labels main offices are located in New York City, New York, United States, other offices of the record label are located at the Interscope Center in Santa Monica, California, U. S. According to Mediabase, Republic Records was 2012s top charting U. S. label, according to Avery Lipman, he and his brother Monte Lipman first conceived of Republic Records at the kitchen table of their apartment, My brother and I had been working at record companies. He was in between jobs and we started putting out as a hobby. We had an approach to the business. The first record we put out happened to work really well, frustrated by the limitations of being an independent with a very small staff, the Lipman brothers accepted an offer from Universal. One of several labels that comprise Universal Motown Republic Group, the newly named Republic Records was formed in 1995 as a sub-label of MCAs Geffen Records, Avery Lipman told HitQuarters that the pairing was a complete disaster, saying, Our ideas and vision didn’t fit with the label. We didn’t trust our own instincts and we let others decide what was right for the project. As of 2006, Universal Republic has adopted an A&R and partnership-based growth strategy, in an era of music industry transition they have proven effective, as Universal Republic has continued to grow in the industrys declining years. In mid-2012, Universal Republic Records changed its name to its former name Republic Records, all Universal Republic Records roster were moved to Republic Records. The label has released albums by Lil Wayne, Kid Cudi. The new Republic became the one label in soundtrack production. On March 31,2014, it was announced that Big Machine and Republic Records revived Dot Records, vH1 and Republic has both used Social media in this campaign. In 2015 Republic Records had songs in six of the spots in the top 10 of the Mediabase Top 40 Chart, in the earlier days, Republic Records released the Bloodhound Gangs EP, Dingleberry Haze, as well as their first LP, Use Your Fingers. Universal Republic has created strategic partnerships and co-ventures, singer Jay Sean and producer Kevin Rudolf of Cash Money Records. Rudolfs single, Let It Rock was certified 3x Platinum and licensed by multiple television networks for sports, Jay Seans debut single Down sold 3 million copies in the United States and 6 million worldwide. Seans follow-up single Do You Remember also sold over a million copies, American singer Taylor Swift with Nashville-based Big Machine Records. Swift today is a Diamond artist with 10 Grammys and 40 million records sold worldwide, jack Johnson on Brushfire Records who has achieved multi-Platinum certifications twice and is estimated to have sold about 8 million albums worldwide
10.
BMG Rights Management
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BMG Rights Management GmbH is an international music company focused on the management of music publishing, recording rights and music distribution. The company operates as a division of the media conglomerate Bertelsmann. The company was established in 2008 as a joint venture between Bertelsmann and the private equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts. In March 2013, Bertelsmann took over BMG by acquiring KKRs shares, making BMG a fully owned subsidiary of the Bertelsmann group. The companys head office is in Berlin, and it operates offices in New York, Nashville, Los Angeles, London, Madrid, Paris, Stockholm, Hilversum, Beijing, Toronto, Sydney. BMG is the youngest major international company in the music industry, the formation of the company was first announced in October 2008 shortly following Bertelsmanns sale of its music interests to Sony Music Entertainment. BMG opened their first offices in January 2009 in Paris, London, Milan, Madrid, Amsterdam, the company trades under the name BMG Chrysalis in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Sweden. BMG in 2010 made its biggest acquisition at the time with the purchase of Cherry Lane Music, the Cherry Lane roster of clients includes Elvis Presley, John Denver, the Black Eyed Peas, etc. The acquisition gave BMG a major presence in the U. S, in 2012, BMG was the fourth-largest music publisher in the world, based on revenue. BMG acquired Sanctuary Records Group from Universal Music Group for over €45 million in February 2013, the previous BMG had distributed Sanctuary in certain territories. The deal was approved by the EU in May 2013, in March 2013, Bertelsmann took over BMG by acquiring KKRs shares, making BMG a fully owned subsidiary of the Bertelsmann group. In 2014, it was the most successful publisher in Germany. Soon after completing its acquisition of Mute Records and Sanctuary, BMG arranged for INgrooves to distribute the catalogues in North America, also, Depeche Mode will be distributed through Sony Music Entertainment, while Black Sabbath remained at Universal Music Group until March 2014. Then in 2014, BMG signed multi-platinum selling group Day26, in November 2014, BMG acquired Union Square Music. BMG completed the purchase of Oregon-based metal and hard rock label Rise Records, home to The Devil Wears Prada, Of Mice & Men, in 2015, the Berlin-based company became the 5th biggest recorded music company in the UK. In April 2016, BMG signed a deal with Warner Music Group. On March 7,2017, BMG announced that it would transfer the worldwide rights to 95,000 tracks and 8,000 albums to Warners Alternative Distribution Alliance division. At the end of May 2016, BMG expanded into Brazil by acquiring the local publisher Basement Music, in July 2016, BMG completed two major acquisitions
11.
Pitbull (rapper)
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Armando Christian Pérez, known by the stage name Pitbull or Mr. Worldwide, is an American rapper. His first recorded performance was on a solo track from Lil Jons 2002 album Kings of Crunk. In 2004, Pitbull released his debut album M. I. A. M. I and it included production producers Lil Jon and Jim Jonsin. Pitbull later released his second album El Mariel, in 2006 and his third, The Boatlift and his fourth album, Rebelution, included the hit single I Know You Want Me, which peaked at number two on the US Billboard Hot 100. Pitbulls 2011 album Planet Pit, featured the single Give Me Everything and his 2013 track Timber from his Meltdown EP topped the charts in twenty nations, including the US and UK. He performed the song We Are One along with Jennifer Lopez and Claudia Leitte, Armando Christian Perez was born on January 15,1981 to Cuban expatriates in Miami, Florida. When he was 3, he could recite the works of Cubas national hero and poet, José Martí, growing up, he was influenced by the Miami bass genre of pop music and has cited Celia Cruz and Willy Chirino as sources of inspiration for his music. Pérezs parents separated when he was young, and he was raised by his mother, he spent time with a foster family in Roswell. He attended South Miami Senior High School before graduating from Miami Coral Park High School and he said he chose his stage name of Pitbull because the dogs bite to lock. The dog is too stupid to lose, and theyre outlawed in Dade County. Theyre basically everything that I am, after meeting Lil Jon in Miami, Pitbull was featured on Lil Jon and the East Side Boyz album Kings of Crunk in 2002. Pitbulls song Oye was featured on the soundtrack to the film 2 Fast 2 Furious the following year, in addition, Pitbull released several mixtapes, composed of freestyles and remixes of popular rap music. Campbell featured Pitbull in his single, Lollipop, together they focused on creating a more radio-friendly sound. Fernandez later told HitQuarters, At that time his music had a lot of verses and took a time to get into the hook. Fernandez introduced Pitbull to Lil Jon, hoping to secure the rapper a small guest intro spot on Lil Jons upcoming album Kings of Crunk. According to Fernandez, Jon took a liking to Pérez and offered him a track k on the album and this track helped raise the young rappers profile. In 2004, Pitbull released his debut album M. I. A. M. I, with the lead single being Culo produced by Lil Jon and the Diaz Brothers. It peaked at No.32 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, other singles included Dammit Man, Back Up, Toma, and Thats Nasty
12.
YouTube
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YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. The service was created by three former PayPal employees—Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim—in February 2005, Google bought the site in November 2006 for US$1.65 billion, YouTube now operates as one of Googles subsidiaries. Unregistered users can watch videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Videos deemed potentially offensive are available only to registered users affirming themselves to be at least 18 years old, YouTube earns advertising revenue from Google AdSense, a program which targets ads according to site content and audience. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim, Hurley had studied design at Indiana University of Pennsylvania, and Chen and Karim studied computer science together at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Karim could not easily find video clips of either event online, Hurley and Chen said that the original idea for YouTube was a video version of an online dating service, and had been influenced by the website Hot or Not. YouTube began as a venture capital-funded technology startup, primarily from an $11.5 million investment by Sequoia Capital between November 2005 and April 2006, YouTubes early headquarters were situated above a pizzeria and Japanese restaurant in San Mateo, California. The domain name www. youtube. com was activated on February 14,2005, the first YouTube video, titled Me at the zoo, shows co-founder Jawed Karim at the San Diego Zoo. The video was uploaded on April 23,2005, and can still be viewed on the site, YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in November 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site grew rapidly, and in July 2006 the company announced that more than 65,000 new videos were being uploaded every day, and that the site was receiving 100 million video views per day. The site has 800 million unique users a month and it is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000. The choice of the name www. youtube. com led to problems for a similarly named website, the sites owner, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment, filed a lawsuit against YouTube in November 2006 after being regularly overloaded by people looking for YouTube. Universal Tube has since changed the name of its website to www. utubeonline. com, in October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had acquired YouTube for $1.65 billion in Google stock, and the deal was finalized on November 13,2006. In March 2010, YouTube began free streaming of certain content, according to YouTube, this was the first worldwide free online broadcast of a major sporting event. On March 31,2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface, Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented, We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter. In May 2010, YouTube videos were watched more than two times per day. This increased to three billion in May 2011, and four billion in January 2012, in February 2017, one billion hours of YouTube was watched every day
13.
English people
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The English are a nation and an ethnic group native to England, who speak the English language. The English identity is of medieval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn. Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles, one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD, England is one of the countries of the United Kingdom. Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons, they founded what was to become England along with the later Danes, Normans, in the Acts of Union 1707, the Kingdom of England was succeeded by the Kingdom of Great Britain. Over the years, English customs and identity have become closely aligned with British customs. The English people are the source of the English language, the Westminster system and these and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide, in part as a result of the former British Empire. The concept of an English nation is far older than that of the British nation, many recent immigrants to England have assumed a solely British identity, while others have developed dual or mixed identities. Use of the word English to describe Britons from ethnic minorities in England is complicated by most non-white people in England identifying as British rather than English. In their 2004 Annual Population Survey, the Office for National Statistics compared the ethnic identities of British people with their national identity. They found that while 58% of white people in England described their nationality as English and it is unclear how many British people consider themselves English. Following complaints about this, the 2011 census was changed to allow respondents to record their English, Welsh, Scottish, another complication in defining the English is a common tendency for the words English and British to be used interchangeably, especially overseas. In his study of English identity, Krishan Kumar describes a common slip of the tongue in which people say English, I mean British. He notes that this slip is made only by the English themselves and by foreigners. Kumar suggests that although this blurring is a sign of Englands dominant position with the UK and it tells of the difficulty that most English people have of distinguishing themselves, in a collective way, from the other inhabitants of the British Isles. In 1965, the historian A. J. P. Taylor wrote, When the Oxford History of England was launched a generation ago and it meant indiscriminately England and Wales, Great Britain, the United Kingdom, and even the British Empire. Foreigners used it as the name of a Great Power and indeed continue to do so, bonar Law, by origin a Scotch Canadian, was not ashamed to describe himself as Prime Minister of England Now terms have become more rigorous. The use of England except for a geographic area brings protests and this version of history is now regarded by many historians as incorrect, on the basis of more recent genetic and archaeological research. The 2016 study authored by Stephan Schiffels et al, the remaining portion of English DNA is primarily French, introduced in a migration after the end of the Ice Age
14.
French people
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The French are an ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France. This connection may be legal, historical, or cultural, modern French society can be considered a melting pot. To be French, according to the first article of the French Constitution, is to be a citizen of France, regardless of origin, race. The debate concerning the integration of this view with the underlying the European Community remains open. A large number of foreigners have traditionally been permitted to live in France, indeed, the country has long valued its openness, tolerance and the quality of services available. Application for French citizenship is often interpreted as a renunciation of previous state allegiance unless a dual citizenship agreement exists between the two countries, the European treaties have formally permitted movement and European citizens enjoy formal rights to employment in the state sector. Seeing itself as a nation with universal values, France has always valued. However, the success of such assimilation has recently called into question. There is increasing dissatisfaction with, and within, growing ethno-cultural enclaves, the 2005 French riots in some troubled and impoverished suburbs were an example of such tensions. However they should not be interpreted as ethnic conflicts but as social conflicts born out of socioeconomic problems endangering proper integration, the name France etymologically derives from the word Francia, the territory of the Franks. The Franks were a Germanic tribe that overran Roman Gaul at the end of the Roman Empire, in the pre-Roman era, all of Gaul was inhabited by a variety of peoples who were known collectively as the Gaulish tribes. Gaul was militarily conquered in 58-51 BCE by the Roman legions under the command of General Julius Caesar, the area then became part of the Roman Empire. Over the next five centuries the two cultures intermingled, creating a hybridized Gallo-Roman culture, the Gaulish vernacular language disappeared step by step to be replaced everywhere by Vulgar Latin, which would later develop under Frankish influence into the French language in the North of France. With the decline of the Roman Empire in Western Europe, a federation of Germanic peoples entered the picture, the Franks were Germanic pagans who began to settle in northern Gaul as laeti, already during the Roman era. They continued to filter across the Rhine River from present-day Netherlands, at the beginning, they served in the Roman army and reached high commands. Their language is spoken as a kind of Dutch in northern France. Another Germanic people immigrated massively to Alsace, the Alamans, which explains the Alemannic German spoken there and they were competitors of the Franks, thats why it became at the Renaissance time the word for German in French, Allemand. By the early 6th century the Franks, led by the Merovingian king Clovis I and his sons, had consolidated their hold on much of modern-day France, the Vikings eventually intermarried with the local people, converting to Christianity in the process
15.
Germans
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Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history. German is the mother tongue of a substantial majority of ethnic Germans. The English term Germans has historically referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages, before the collapse of communism and the reunification of Germany in 1990, Germans constituted the largest divided nation in Europe by far. Ever since the outbreak of the Protestant Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire, of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans. Thus, the number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied. Today, people from countries with German-speaking majorities most often subscribe to their own national identities, the German term Deutsche originates from the Old High German word diutisc, referring to the Germanic language of the people. It is not clear how commonly, if at all, the word was used as an ethnonym in Old High German, used as a noun, ein diutscher in the sense of a German emerges in Middle High German, attested from the second half of the 12th century. The Old French term alemans is taken from the name of the Alamanni and it was loaned into Middle English as almains in the early 14th century. The word Dutch is attested in English from the 14th century, denoting continental West Germanic dialects, while in most Romance languages the Germans have been named from the Alamanni, the Old Norse, Finnish and Estonian names for the Germans were taken from that of the Saxons. In Slavic languages, the Germans were given the name of němьci, originally with a meaning foreigner, the English term Germans is only attested from the mid-16th century, based on the classical Latin term Germani used by Julius Caesar and later Tacitus. It gradually replaced Dutch and Almains, the latter becoming mostly obsolete by the early 18th century, the Germans are a Germanic people, who as an ethnicity emerged during the Middle Ages. Originally part of the Holy Roman Empire, around 300 independent German states emerged during its decline after the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 ending the Thirty Years War and these states eventually formed into modern Germany in the 19th century. The concept of a German ethnicity is linked to Germanic tribes of antiquity in central Europe, the early Germans originated on the North German Plain as well as southern Scandinavia. By the 2nd century BC, the number of Germans was significantly increasing and they began expanding into eastern Europe, during antiquity these Germanic tribes remained separate from each other and did not have writing systems at that time. In the European Iron Age the area that is now Germany was divided into the La Tène horizon in Southern Germany and the Jastorf culture in Northern Germany. By 55 BC, the Germans had reached the Danube river and had either assimilated or otherwise driven out the Celts who had lived there, and had spread west into what is now Belgium and France. Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine, in Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become an influence in the development of a common German identity
16.
Slovaks
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The Slovaks or Slovak people are a nation and West Slavic ethnic group native to Slovakia who share a common ancestry, culture, history and are native speakers of the Slovak language. Most Slovaks today live within the borders of the independent Slovakia, there are Slovak minorities in Czech Republic, Croatia, Poland, Hungary, Serbia and sizeable populations of immigrants and their descendants in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. The name Slovak is derived from *Slověninъ, plural *Slověně, the old name of the Slavs, in the Slovak language, only the masculine noun Slověninъ, Slověn changed to Slovän, Slovan and finally to Slovák around 1400. The older form Sloven is preserved in all words in the Slovak language – the adjective Slovak is still slovenský, the feminine noun Slovak is still Slovenka. In 1029 St. Emeric, ruler of the Nitrian principality is called Henricus dux Sclavonie, in 1113 Nestor calls the territory of Slovakia - Slověnskaja zemlja. The first written mention about usage of the new form Slovak in the territory of present-day Slovakia is from Bardejov – Nicoulaus Cossibor hauptman, Nicolaus Czech et Slowak, the mentions in Czech sources are older –1375 and 1385. The change is not related to ethnogenesis of Slovaks, but exclusively to linguistic changes in the West Slavic languages, the word Slovak was also used later as a common name for all Slavs in Czech, Polish and also Slovak language in parallel with other forms. The Slovaks and Slovenes are the only current Slavic nations that have preserved the original name, for Slovenes, the adjective is still slovenski and the feminine noun Slovene is still also Slovenka, but the masculine noun has since changed to Slovenec. The Slovak name for their language is slovenčina and the Slovene name for theirs is slovenščina, the Slovak term for the Slovene language is slovinčina, and the Slovenes call Slovak slovaščina. The name is derived from proto-Slavic form slovo word, talk, thus Slovaks as well as Slovenians would mean people who speak, i. e. people who understand each other. In Hungarian Slovak is Tót, an exonym and it was originally used to refer to all Slavs including Slovenes and Croats, but eventually came to refer primarily to Slovaks. Many place names in Hungary such as Tótszentgyörgy, Tótszentmárton, tóth is a common Hungarian surname. The Slovaks have also historically been referred to as Slovyenyn, Slowyenyny, Sclavus, Sclavi, Slavus, Slavi, Winde, Wende. The final three terms are variations of the Germanic term Wends, which was used to refer to any Slavs living close to Germanic settlements. The early Slavs came to the territory of Slovakia in several waves from the 5th and 6th centuries and were organized on a tribal level, original tribal names are not known due to the lack of written sources before their integration into higher political units. In the 7th century, Slavs founded larger tribal union, Samos empire, regardless of Samos empire, the integration process continued in other territories with various intensities. The final fall of the Avar Khaganate allowed new political entities to arise, the first such political unit documented by written sources is the Principality of Nitra, one of the foundations of later common ethnic consciousness. At this stage in history it is not yet possible to assume a common identity of all Slovak ancestors in the territory of eastern Slovakia, the Principality of Nitra become a part of Great Moravia, a common state of Moravians and Slovaks
17.
Justin Bieber
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Justin Drew Bieber is a Canadian singer and songwriter. After a talent manager discovered him through his YouTube videos covering songs in 2008 and signed to RBMG, Bieber released his debut EP, My World and it was certified Platinum in the U. S. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a record chart on the Billboard Hot 100. Bieber released his first full-length studio album, My World 2.0 and it debuted at or near number one in several countries, was certified triple Platinum in the U. S. and contained his most successful single at the time, Baby. He released his studio album, Under the Mistletoe, in November 2011. Bieber released his studio album, Believe, in 2012. His fourth studio album Purpose was released in November 2015 to commercial success and his U. S. album and singles sales total 44.7 million. He has sold an estimated 100 million records, making him one of the world’s best-selling music artists, Bieber has won numerous awards, including the American Music Award for Artist of the Year in 2010 and 2012. In his career, he has won one Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for the song Where Are Ü Now at the 2016 ceremony. He has been listed four times by Forbes magazine among the top ten most powerful celebrities in the world in 2011,2012, Bieber also became the first artist to surpass 10 billion total video views on Vevo. Bieber was born on March 1,1994, in London, Ontario, at St Josephs Hospital and he is the only child of Jeremy Jack Bieber and Patricia Pattie Mallette. Pattie raised her son with the help of her mother, Diane and his mother is of French-Canadian descent, his paternal great-grandfather was of German ancestry, and his other roots are English, Scottish and Irish. He has also claimed that he has some undetermined Aboriginal Canadian ancestry, through Jeremy, Bieber has two younger half-siblings, Jazmyn and Jaxon. Pattie worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Bieber attended a French-language immersion elementary school in Stratford, the Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School. Growing up, he learned to play the piano, drums, guitar and he graduated from high school in Stratford, Ontario, the St. Michael Catholic Secondary School in 2012 with a 4.0 GPA. In early 2007, aged 12, Bieber sang Ne-Yos So Sick for a singing competition in Stratford and was placed second. Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and she continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B songs, and Biebers popularity on the site grew
18.
Mistletoe (Justin Bieber song)
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Mistletoe is a Christmas song by Canadian singer Justin Bieber. It was written and produced by Nasri, and Adam Messinger, the song was released on October 17,2011 as the lead single from his Christmas album, Under the Mistletoe. Mistletoe is a pop and R&B song, that has reggae influences, Mistletoe received generally positive reviews from most music critics. The song reached the top ten in Canada, Denmark and Norway, the songs accompanying music video was directed by Roman White. It features the singing on a snowy, lit-up street. Bieber first premiered the song live on the My World Tour on October 6,2011 at Olympic Stadium in Rio de Janeiro, during the performance, Bieber confirmed that the song would be released on iTunes worldwide on October 17,2011. In an interview with MTV News, Bieber said, Im really excited, I know all my fans are going to love it. Its something that I feel like going to be singing every Christmas. Mistletoe was written and produced by Nasri, and Adam Messinger and it is a Christmas song that is sonically derived from the pop and R&B genres, while making use of reggae elements. According to the music published at Musicnotes. com by Sony/ATV Music Publishing. It is composed in the key of A major with Biebers vocal range spanning from the low-note of E3 to the high-note of E5, according to many reviewers, the songs production and Biebers delivery bears much similarity to Jason Mrazs Im Yours. Bill Lamb of About. com went as far as to call the song Im Yours goes Christmas, a Rolling Stone writer commented that The song basically sounds like a laid-back Jack Johnson number with a bit of overdubbed sleigh bells. The song presents the maturation of Biebers voice, with RJ Cubarrubia of Billboard writing that he sounded smooth, Lamb said This track marks a distinct move toward a more adult sound on the part of 17 year old Justin Bieber. The song, which includes subtle Christmas flourishes in the arrangement, opens up with jingle bells before an instrumental of guitar. However he said Biebers breezy crooning and flat lyrics make Mistletoe come off like an uninspiring, Cubarrubia commended Bieber for attempting to inject his charisma in such a track, but said hes still far from the classic Christmas pop of Mariah Careys All I Want for Christmas Is You. Although he said the song may feel a bit calculated, Bill Lamb of About. com complimented the songs acoustic Jason Mraz vibe, the subtle seasonal touches, and adult sound. Jarett Wieselman of The Insider. com said the song is pretty damn good, Wieselman said You cant deny the appeal of Americas tween dream du jour dropping a track where he asks the listeners to kiss me underneath the mistletoe. Well played young man, well played, Mistletoe sold 164,000 copies in its first week of release, according to Nielsen SoundScan, placing it at No.5 on Billboards Hot Digital Songs chart
19.
Say Somethin (Austin Mahone song)
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Say Somethin is a song by American teen singer-songwriter and dancer Austin Mahone, released as his debut career single from his first EP, Extended Play. It was released June 5,2012 and was his first big charting success and it combines modern teen pop of the 2010s with vintage pop of the 1950s and 1960s. In 2012, Mahones released the promotional single 11,11 that reached at #19 on the Billboard Heatseekers Songs chart, the follow-up Say Somethin did even better charting at #34 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart. The music video from the song filmed in a setting was heavily played on teen-oriented music channels. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
20.
Universal Republic Records
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Universal Republic Records was an American record label, that operated as a division of Universal Music Group. It was based on the then-defunct Republic Records label founded by brothers Monte, in mid-2012, the label reverted to its original Republic Records name, making this label defunct. As of 2006, Universal Republic has adopted an A&R and partnership-based growth strategy, in an era of music industry transition they have proven effective, as Universal Republic has continued to grow in the industrys declining years. Universal Republic become a label after Universal Motown Republic Group was shut down in summer 2011. One year later, it was renamed back to Republic Records, in chronological order are current Republic artists,2006, Hinder. 2012, The Weeknd signed with Universal Republic in September 2012 in a joint venture with his own imprint label XO,2012, Austin Mahone 2012, Lisa Marie Presley Republic Nashvilles The Band Perry, and James Blake. Universal Republic Records discography at Discogs
21.
Lil Wayne
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Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. known professionally as Lil Wayne, is an American hip hop recording artist and author from New Orleans, Louisiana. In 1991, at the age of nine, Lil Wayne joined Cash Money Records as the youngest member of the label, in 1996, Lil Wayne joined the southern hip hop group Hot Boys, with his Cash Money label-mates Juvenile, Young Turk and Lil Doogie. Hot Boys debuted with Get It How U Live. that same year, Most of the groups success came with their platinum-selling album Guerrilla Warfare and the 1999 single Bling Bling. Along with being the flagship artist of Cash Money Records, Lil Wayne is also the Chief Executive Officer of his own imprint, Young Money Entertainment. Lil Waynes solo debut album Tha Block Is Hot, was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America and his subsequent albums, Lights Out and 500 Degreez, went on to be certified gold. Wayne reached higher popularity with his fourth album Tha Carter, which was led by the single Go D. J. and his appearance on Destinys Childs Top 10 single Soldier, that same year. The album was followed by Tha Carter II, as well as several mixtapes, Wayne gained more prominence with his sixth album Tha Carter III, which became his most successful album to date, with first-week sales of over one million copies in the United States. The album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and includes the hit singles Lollipop, A Milli, following the success of Tha Carter III, Wayne decided to record a rock-esque album titled Rebirth. The album, released in 2010, was certified gold by the RIAA, in March 2010, Lil Wayne began serving an 8-month jail sentence in New York after being convicted of criminal possession of a weapon stemming from an incident in July 2007. Waynes eighth album I Am Not a Human Being, was released during his incarceration and his 2011 album and first following his release, Tha Carter IV, sold 964,000 copies in its first week of availability in the United States. It includes the singles 6 Foot 7 Foot, How to Love, on September 27,2012, Lil Wayne passed Elvis Presley as the male with the most entries on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, with 109 songs. The record has since passed by other artists. Lil Waynes thirteenth studio album, Tha Carter V has been delayed multiple times and has no scheduled release date, Dwayne Michael Carter Jr. was born on September 27,1982, and grew up in the Hollygrove neighborhood of New Orleans, Louisiana. His mother, a cook, gave birth to him when she was 19 years old and his parents divorced when he was 2, and his father permanently abandoned the family. Although Wayne and Birdman have a relationship and Birdman calls Carter his son, Waynes biological father. Lil Wayne has also spoken about his stepfather, Rabbit. Carter has a dedicated to Rabbit, who was murdered before Carter became a star. Carter enrolled in the program of Lafayette Elementary School and in the drama club of Eleanor McMain Secondary School
22.
Advertisement film
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A television advertisement is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, typically to market a product or service. Advertisers and marketeers may refer to television commercials as TVCs, Advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately-owned television networks. As of 2016 the vast majority of television advertisements consist of advertising spots. Advertisements of this sort have promoted a variety of goods, services. The effects of television advertising upon the public have been the subject of philosophical discourse by such luminaries as Marshall McLuhan. In many countries, including the United States, television advertisements are considered indispensable for a political campaign. In other countries, such as France, political advertising on television is heavily restricted, while some countries, such as Norway, completely ban political advertisements. The announcement for Bulova watches, for which the company paid anywhere from $4.00 to $9.00, displayed a WNBT test pattern modified to look like a clock with the hands showing the time. The Bulova logo, with the phrase Bulova Watch Time, appeared in the lower quadrant of the test pattern while the second hand swept around the dial for one minute. The first TV ad broadcast in the UK went to air on ITV on September 22,1955, the first TV ad broadcast in Asia appeared on Nippon Television in Tokyo on August 28,1953, advertising Seikosha, it also displayed a clock with the current time. To accomplish the first step means different things in different parts of the world depending on the regulation in place, in the UK for example, clearance must be given by the body Clearcast. Another example is Venezuela where clearance is governed by a body called CNAC, the clearance provides guarantee to the broadcasters that the content of the advertisement meets legal guidelines. Because of this, special extended clearance sometimes applies to food, after the advent of cheap video software and consumer cameras, numerous individuals have offered video production services on the internet. Some of these ad jingles or catch-phrases may take on lives of their own, spawning gags that appear in films, television shows, magazines, comics, or literature. These long-lasting advertising elements may be said to have taken a place in the pop culture history of the demographic to whom they appeared. An example is the phrase, Winston tastes good like a cigarette should. Variations of this dialogue and direct references to it appeared as long as two decades after the advertising campaign expired, another example is Wheres the Beef. which grew so popular it was used in the 1984 presidential election by Walter Mondale. Another popular catch-phrase is Ive fallen and I cant get up, Advertising agencies often use humor as a tool in their creative marketing campaigns
23.
McDonald's
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McDonalds is an American hamburger and fast food restaurant chain. It was founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard. In 1948, they reorganized their business as a hamburger stand, the first McDonalds franchise using the arches logo opened in Phoenix, Arizona in 1953. Businessman Ray Kroc joined the company as an agent in 1955. Based in Oak Brook, Illinois, McDonalds confirmed plans to move its headquarters to Chicago by early 2018. Today, McDonalds is one of the worlds largest restaurant chains, McDonalds primarily sells hamburgers, cheeseburgers, chicken products, french fries, breakfast items, soft drinks, milkshakes, wraps, and desserts. In response to changing tastes, the company has expanded its menu to include salads, fish, wraps, smoothies. A McDonalds restaurant is operated by either a franchisee, an affiliate, the McDonalds Corporation revenues come from the rent, royalties, and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company-operated restaurants. According to a BBC report published in 2012, McDonalds is the second largest private employer,1.5 million of whom work for franchises. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald at 1398 North E Street at West 14th Street in San Bernardino, the first McDonalds with the arches opened in Phoenix, Arizona in March 1953. The original mascot of McDonalds was a man with a hat on top of a hamburger-shaped head whose name was Speedee. In 1962, the Golden Arches replaced Speedee as the company symbol, a new mascot, Ronald McDonald was introduced in 1965. The clown-like man having puffed out costume legs served advertising aimed at children. On May 4,1961, McDonalds first filed for a U. S. trademark on the name McDonalds with the description Drive-In Restaurant Services, on September 13,1961, the company filed for a trademark on a new logo—an overlapping, double-arched M symbol. By September 6,1962, this M-symbol was temporarily disfavored, although the Golden Arches logo appeared in various forms, the present version as a letter M did not appear until November 18,1968, when the company applied for a U. S. trademark. Kroc later purchased the McDonald brothers equity in the company and led its expansion. Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast-food industry, Kroc and the McDonald brothers feuded over control of the business, as documented in Krocs autobiography. The San Bernardino restaurant was demolished in 1976 and the site was sold to the Juan Pollo restaurant chain and this area now serves as headquarters for the Juan Pollo chain, as well as a McDonalds and Route 66 museum
24.
Say You're Just a Friend
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Say Youre Just a Friend is a song by American pop singer-songwriter, dancer, and actor Austin Mahone from his extended play Extended Play. The song features vocals from American rapper Flo Rida. The song was written by Leon Huff, Kenny Gamble, Tramar Dillard, Justin Franks, Nick Bailey, Mike Freesh, Trent Mazur, Ryan Ogren, Ahmad Belvin and produced by DJ Frank E, Mike Freesh, Trent Mazur. The song was released in the United States as a download on December 3,2012. The song interpolates the chorus of the hit song Just a Friend by rapper Biz Markie, the girl starring as Mahones love interest is model Kimberly Schanks. A second music video was released online on February 27, this time its the video of the version of the song
25.
Flo Rida
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Tramar Lacel Dillard, known professionally as Flo Rida, is an American rapper, singer, and songwriter from Carol City, Florida. His 2008 breakout single Low was number one for 10 weeks in the United States, Flo Ridas debut studio album, 2008s Mail on Sunday, reached number four in the US. The album was succeeded by R. O. O. T. S and his subsequent albums, 2010s Only One Flo and 2012s Wild Ones, also charted on the US Billboard 200 chart. Flo Rida has sold over 80 million digital downloads, making him one of the music artists. His catalog includes the international singles Right Round, Club Cant Handle Me, Good Feeling, Wild Ones, Whistle, I Cry, G. D. F. R. and My House. Flo Rida was born as Tramar Lacel Dillard in Carol City, Florida and his parents raised him and his seven sisters together, some of whom sang in a local gospel group. His brother-in-law was a man for local rap group 2 Live Crew. The GroundHoggz had been a group, with members who lived in the same apartment complex as Flo Rida. They started recording at underground studios in Carver Ranches, the GroundHoggz, in this four-man incarnation, remained together for eight years. Flo Ridas work with 2 Live Crew member Fresh Kid Ice, attracted the attention of DeVante Swing, however, he was rejected by several of the major labels, so he sought many other jobs outside of music. After graduating from school in 1998, he studied international business management at the University of Nevada. He returned to Florida to continue pursuing his career after receiving a phone call from a representative of the independent label Poe Boy Entertainment. Flo Rida signed with Hot Boyz, in 2000 and with Poe Boy, in 2004 and began affiliating himself for Cash Money with other Southern hip hop artists, such as Rick Ross, Trina, T-Pain, and Trick Daddy. A promotional single entitled Birthday, featuring Rick Ross, was his first significant release. He made his debut guest appearance with the song Bitch Im From Dade County on DJ Khaleds album We the Best, which also features Trick Daddy, Trina, Rick Ross, Brisco, C-Ride, Flo Ridas debut album, Mail on Sunday, was released in March 2008. The first single was Low, featuring T-Pain, which was included in the soundtrack to the movie Step Up 2. Low reached No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, Elevator, featuring Timbaland, In the Ayer featuring will. i. am, and Roll featuring Sean Kingston followed, and both charted on the Hot 100 and other charts. In addition to T-Pain, there were featured guests throughout Mail on Sunday
26.
Extended Play (Austin Mahone EP)
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Extended Play is an extended play by American artist Austin Mahone released on May 29,2013 from Republic Records only in Japan. The songs are produced by DJ Frank E, Mike Fresh, Trent Mazur, Bei Maejor, Austin Mahone, Bruce Robinson, Steve Mac, the extended play was released only in Japan from Chase and Republic to promote his songs in the country. The deluxe version backpack the first three clips of Mahone, plus a short documentary with a message for the Japanese fans. Say Somethin was released as the single on June 5,2012. Say Youre Just a Friend was released as the single in his career on December 3,2012. The song peaked number 4 in Billboard Bubbling Under Hot 100, the song features American rapper Flo Rida. Promotional singles 11,11 was released as first promotional single on February 12,2012, heart in My Hand was released as second promotional single on April 16,2013. Loving You Is Easy was used for Japanese famous TV show, in Japan, this album debuted at number 17 on the Oricon weekly album chart. According to Oricon, this album spent 12 weeks on the Oricon weekly album top 300 chart
27.
What About Love (Austin Mahone song)
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What About Love is a song by American singer Austin Mahone from his debut EP, The Secret. The song was written by Mahone, Nadir Khayat, Mohombi, Achraf Janussi, Bilal Hajji, Jimmy Jimmy Joker Thörnfeldt, the song was released in the United States as a digital download on June 10,2013. The music video was directed by Colin Tilley, visual effects were created by GloriaFX. This music video was Mahones first to be certified in the digital platform Vevo on January 1,2015 and it was filmed in Hollywood Beach, Florida. Some scenes were taken in a known motel named Diane
28.
2013 MTV Video Music Awards
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The 2013 MTV Video Music Awards were held on August 25,2013 at the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York. Marking the 30th installment of the show, they were the first to be held in New York City not to use a venue within the borough of Manhattan. Nominations were announced on July 17,2013, leading the nominees were Justin Timberlake and Macklemore & Ryan Lewis with six, followed by Bruno Mars, Miley Cyrus, and Robin Thicke with four. Justin Timberlake was the big winner on the night with four awards, including Video of the Year for Mirrors, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis, Bruno Mars and Taylor Swift were also among the winners of the night. The ceremony drew a total of 10.1 million viewers, winners were announced on August 25,2013. The performance began with Cyrus performing We Cant Stop in bear-themed attire, following this, Thicke entered the stage and Cyrus stripped down to a skin-colored two-piece latex outfit while they performed Blurred Lines in a duet. Cyrus subsequently touched Thickes crotch area with a giant pedicured foam finger, an article published in The Hollywood Reporter described the performance as crass and reminiscent of a bad acid trip. The performance was described by XXL critic B. J, for lack of a better term, it was a hot mess. This amounted to a total 112% increase in Cyrus social media activity, the performance topped Twitter during the East Coast telecast, with Timberlake behind with 219,800 tweets per minute at its peak. The most-mentioned performers on Twitter were Cyrus, Timberlake and Lady Gaga
29.
Taylor Swift
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Taylor Alison Swift is an American singer-songwriter. One of the most popular contemporary female recording artists, she is known for songs about her personal life. Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at age 14 to pursue a career in country music and she signed with the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. Her eponymous debut album in 2006 peaked at five on Billboard 200. The albums third single, Our Song, made her the youngest person to single-handedly write, Swifts second album, Fearless, was released in 2008. Buoyed by the pop success of the singles Love Story and You Belong with Me. The album won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest Album of the Year winner, Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album, Speak Now. It debuted at one in the United States and the single Mean won two Grammy Awards. Her fourth album, Red, yielded the successful singles We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together, with her fifth album, the pop-focused 1989, she became the first act to have three albums sell a million copies within one week in the United States. Its singles Shake It Off, Blank Space and Bad Blood reached number one in the US, Australia, the album received three Grammy Awards, and Swift became the first woman and fifth act overall to win Album of the Year twice. The 2015 eponymous concert tour for 1989 became one of highest-grossing of the decade, as a songwriter, Swift has received awards from the Nashville Songwriters Association and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. Swift is one of the artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albums—including 27.1 million in the US—and 130 million single downloads. She has appeared in Times 100 most influential people in the world, Forbes top-earning women in music, Forbes 100 most powerful women and she was the youngest woman to be included in the third of these and ranked first in Celebrity 100. Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13,1989, in Reading and her father, Scott Kingsley Swift, was a financial advisor, and her mother, Andrea Gardner Swift, was a homemaker who worked previously as a mutual fund marketing executive. She has a brother named Austin. Swift spent the years of her life on a Christmas tree farm in Cumru Township. She attended preschool and kindergarten at the Alvernia Montessori School, run by Franciscan nuns, the family then moved to a rented house in the suburban town of Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School. At the age of nine, Swift became interested in musical theater and she also traveled regularly to New York City for vocal and acting lessons
30.
The Red Tour
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The Red Tour was the third concert tour by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift. Launched in support of Swifts fourth studio album, Red, the tour began on March 13,2013 in Omaha, Nebraska and this was the first tour by Swift to extend to Muslim countries such as Malaysia and Indonesia. During a radio interview with WRVW, Swift mentioned that Its nothing like any other tour before, Swift told Billboard, Of course, you know the tour will be a big representation of this record. Im so excited to see what songs the fans like the most and we always see which songs are really the passionate songs and the ones the fans are freaking out over the most, and those are the ones that are definitely in the set list. Swift used Tom Pettys American Girl as her song on her previous tour. She sang a cover of The Lumineerss Ho Hey nightly, intertwined with her own Stay Stay Stay, the following set list is representative of the show on March 27,2013. It is not representative of all concerts for the duration of the tour, Swift became the first solo female artist in 20 years to headline a national stadium tour through Australia, with the last being Madonnas The Girlie Show World Tour in 1993
31.
The Smurfs 2
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The Smurfs 2 is a 2013 American 3D live-action/computer-animated comedy film and a sequel to the 2011 film The Smurfs. It is loosely based on The Smurfs comic-book series created by the Belgian comics artist Peyo and it is the second and final installment of a projected duology, produced by Sony Pictures Animation and distributed by Columbia Pictures. The film is directed by Raja Gosnell, who helmed the first, New cast members include Christina Ricci and J. B. Smoove as members of the Naughties, and Brendan Gleeson as Patrick Winslows stepfather, the film was released on July 31,2013 and is dedicated to Jonathan Winters, who voiced Papa Smurf and died on April 11,2013. Meanwhile, she is having nightmares about reverting to her original form, the Smurfs are preparing a surprise party, but as Smurfette tries to find out what her fellow Smurfs are planning, none of them are saying a word. She takes this to mean that everyone has forgotten her birthday, in France, Gargamel is now a celebrity, amazing people with his sorcery, but he sees that he is running low on the Smurf essence that gives him his magic powers. However, as the portal he created is not big enough for him to go through, Gargamel sends Vexy through to the portal to grab Smurfette and bring her to Paris. Papa originally intends for Brainy, Hefty, and Gutsy to use the crystals, the Smurfs soon discover where Gargamel is, and so they and the Winslows set off for Paris in order to find him. At the same time, Smurfette escapes from her prison, and Vexy, upon her return to Gargamels hotel suite with the Naughties, Gargamel presents her with a tiny dragon wand as a feigned act of kindness. Smurfette still refuses to give Gargamel the formula until she sees that the Naughties are dying due to a lack of Smurf essence, faced without an alternative to save them, Smurfette writes the formula down and Gargamel uses it to turn the Naughties into real Smurfs. Immediately after they become Smurfs, Gargamel puts them into his Smurf-a-lator so he can carry out the rest of his plan, meanwhile, Patrick, Victor, and the Smurfs work together to rescue Smurfette. The Smurfs are soon captured and put into the Smurf-a-lator, powering Gargamels large-sized dragon wand, Patrick and Victor arrive just in time to destroy the Smurf-a-lator, causing the formula to be destroyed in blue pixie dust that in turn vanquishes the secret formula. Gargamel has gained power to use his new wand against the Smurfs. Vexy and Hackus team up with the Smurfs against their former master, Vexy and Hackus bid farewell to the Winslows and return home with the rest of the Smurfs. In two post-credit sequences, Gargamel and Azrael are pulled into the portal, sending back to their castle. Director Raja Gosnell and producer Jordan Kerner returned for the film, katy Perry confirmed at the 2012 Kids Choice Awards that she would be reprising her role as Smurfette. Sony began working on the sequel in early 2011 with writers J. David Stem, David N. Weiss, Jay Scherick, by early August 2011, the first draft of the script was completed. On April 26,2012, Sony announced that the film went into production, filming took place in Montreal, Canada
32.
Becky G
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Rebbeca Marie Gomez, better known by her stage name Becky G, is an American singer, songwriter, rapper, actress and model. Gomez first gained recognition in 2011 when she began posting videos of herself covering popular songs online, one of her videos caught the attention of producer Dr. Luke, who subsequently offered her a joint record deal with Kemosabe Records and RCA Records. While working on her effort, Gomez collaborated with artists will. i. am, Cody Simpson. Her official debut single, Becky from the Block, received a reception upon its release. She released her extended play, Play It Again, later that same year. Her second single, Cant Get Enough, featured guest vocals from Pitbull, Gomez achieved mainstream success with the release of Shower, which went on to enter the top twenty of the Billboard Hot 100 chart. The single would go on to receive a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America. Following the success of Shower, Gomez released Cant Stop Dancin and Break a Sweat as singles from her forthcoming album and she embarked on a co-headlining tour with J Balvin throughout September and October 2015, spanning throughout the United States. She portrayed Valentina Galindo in two episodes of the television series Empire, contributing two new songs to the soundtrack of the series. Gomez was featured on the song Superstar with Pitbull and she released her first Spanish single, Sola, which is set to appear on her debut studio album. Gomez played the Yellow Ranger, Trini, in the 2017 superhero film Power Rangers and her performance was received positively and made universal headlines, being the first queer Power Ranger. Rebbeca Marie Gomez was born on March 2,1997 in Inglewood, California and she is the daughter of Alejandra and Francisco Frank Gomez, she is of Mexican descent. Gomez has two brothers, Frankie and Alex, and a sister, Stephanie. Gomez grew up in poverty, and at the age of nine her family moved into the garage of her grandparents house. Gomez began working part-time jobs to support her family, doing commercials. She had what she described as a crisis when she was nine years old. She was quoted as stating That was literally my mid-life crisis when I was nine years old, thats when I felt like, OK, I gotta get my life together. I pushed that on myself at a younger age than the average kid because at the time my family had lost our home, ive always been more mature for my age, so I was already understanding what they were going through
33.
B.o.B
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Bobby Ray Simmons, Jr. better known by his stage name B. o. B, is an American hip hop recording artist and record producer from Decatur, Georgia. In 2006, B. o. B was discovered by Brian Richardson, who introduced him to TJ Chapman. After hearing his music, Jonsin signed B. o. B to his Rebel Rock Entertainment imprint, two years later, Jonsin and B. o. B signed a joint venture deal, with Atlantic Records and American rapper T. I. s Grand Hustle Records. B. o. B quickly rose to fame after his debut single Nothin on You. He would later release his third single Airplanes, which topped several major music charts. His fifth single Magic, became his third top 10 hit on the US Billboard Hot 100, B. o. Bs debut studio album The Adventures of Bobby Ray, which was preceded by two extended plays and several mixtapes, was released in April 2010. The album reached number one on the US Billboard 200 and was eventually certified 2x platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America in 2016, B. o. B was named the ninth Hottest MC in the Game of 2010 by MTV, on their annual list. B. o. B released his studio album Strange Clouds. The album spawned six singles, four of which charted well internationally. The albums eponymous single became his fourth top 10 hit on the Billboard Hot 100. The singles So Good, Both of Us and Out of My Mind, followed behind, the album itself debuted at number five on the Billboard 200. His third album Underground Luxury, was released in December 2013, in August 2015, B. o. B unexpectedly released a new project Psycadelik Thoughtz, via digital distribution, with little-to-no promotion. In January 2016, B. o. B incited widespread ridicule for claiming that the earth is flat, B. o. B was born in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He played the trumpet in his band from elementary school through high school. Although his parents wanted him to continue his education, B. o. B decided in sixth grade that he wanted to pursue a music career. His father, a pastor, disapproved of his sons choices, until he realized B. o. B was using music as a form of therapy, B. o. B later reflected on his experience, saying, Theyve always supported me. They got my first keyboard to make beats on and they helped me out getting equipment here and there, but it was kind of hard for them to really understand what I was really trying to accomplish. B. o. B attended Columbia High School in Decatur, Georgia, where he played the trumpet in the school band, until he landed a record deal and decided to drop out of school in the ninth grade
34.
Magic (B.o.B song)
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Magic is a song by American hip hop recording artist B. o. B, released on June 7,2010 as the fifth single from his debut studio album B. o. B Presents, The Adventures of Bobby Ray. The track features Weezers lead singer Rivers Cuomo, singing the chorus and it was written by both artists, alongside the songs producer Dr. Luke. In the UK, the track made Radio 1s B-Playlist, Magic is written in the key of B major with a tempo of 82 beats per minute in common time. The song follows a progression of B5–E5–G♯5–F♯5, and the vocals in the song span from D♯4 to F♯5. Despite mixed reviews, the song progressed up and down the Billboard Hot 100 chart, the reviewer at TinyMixtapes. com said that Magic is magnificently, triumphantly corny, enough to give Steve Miller and that guy from The Outfield a run for their money. Magic isnt good by any stretch of the imagination, but it is goofily enjoyable, in his album review for Spin, Kenny Herzog wrote, The Adventures of Bobby Ray is a hip-hop Scary Movie, tossing off references while struggling to establish a distinctive identity. Pitchfork questioned the appearance by Weezers Rivers Cuomo, whose creepily blank vocals on Magic sound like the engineer has a gun to his head. The Guardians Paul MacInnes wrote that all the Chris Martinesque piano lines, the music video was released on MTV at midnight on September 3,2010. The video features B. o. B trying to wake himself up from a dream and he was also performing with Rivers Cuomo in the video on a stage at a wild party. In addition, Paul Iacono from the MTV show The Hard Times of RJ Berger is featured dancing on stage, the video was directed by Sanaa Hamri. Magic -3,16 Mellow Fellow -2,58 The Treblemakers, American female rapper Becky G, recorded a new version of the song for The Smurfs 2 soundtrack called Magik 2.0. Her rendition features singer Austin Mahone singing the hook while Becky raps the verses and it was produced by A. C. Lyrics of this song at MetroLyrics
35.
Aquafina
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Aquafina /ˌɑːkwəˈfiːnə/ is a brand of purified bottled water products produced by PepsiCo, consisting of both unflavored and flavored water. The Aquafina brand name is licensed for use on multiple skin care products, including lip balm. As of 2009, Aquafina represented 13.4 percent of domestic bottled water sales in the United States and its primary competition includes Aqua, Aqua Minerale, Dasani, Aqua Pura and Aquasource. Beginning on July 27,2007, a disclaimer was added to each bottle of Aquafina, Aquafina uses the term Purified Drinking Water in reference to the product on its labeling in the United States. In Canada, the current 1.5 litres bottle of water displays Demineralized Treated Water, flavored variations are also produced under the Aquafina brand name – all of which are labeled as containing no calories and no carbohydrates. Aquafina FlavorSplash, first introduced in 2005, is a flavored water product line which is non-carbonated, as of 2011, it is produced in six flavors, Grape, Strawberry Kiwi, Wild Berry, Raspberry, Lemon, and Peach Mango. Aquafina Sparkling is a line of flavored water, however its production was discontinued in the U. S. in late 2010. Other former products included Aquafina Alive and Aquafina plus+ – both of which have been discontinued in the U. S, as of 2011, the Sparkling and plus+ lines were still in production in other markets such as Canada. Aquafina is distributed in 12 US fluid ounces,500 millilitres,20 US fluid ounces,24 US fluid ounces,1 litre,1.5 litres bottles. The bottled water industry has drawn criticism for the production and distribution of product packaging. The packaging has evolved from its original iteration for the purpose of partially offsetting environmental impacts of production and this has primarily involved packaging weight reduction. Since shortly after its inception, the promotion of Aquafina has involved sports sponsorships, as of 2011, it is listed as being an official sponsor of Major League Soccer, the Professional Golf Association, the Arizona Diamondbacks and the Carolina Panthers. Its packaging also states that it is the water of Major League Baseball. In NASCAR, it is a sponsor for Hendrick Motorsports and Kasey Kahne, charles Joyce and James Voigt won a $1.26 billion judgment against PepsiCo after saying that the company had created Aquafina by stealing their idea to sell purified bottled water. This judgment was vacated on November 6,2009, when it was discovered that PepsiCo had failed to respond to the due to a misplacement of the paperwork
36.
Mmm Yeah
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Mmm Yeah is a song by American pop singer Austin Mahone from his debut EP The Secret. The song features vocals from Cuban-American rapper Pitbull, the song was released in the United States as a digital download on January 26,2014. The songs chorus samples the song Nu Nu by Lidell Townsell, the song peaked at number 49 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song is featured in the credits of X-Men, Days of Future Past. It is written in the key of G♭ minor, the track heavily samples lyrics from Lidell Townsells 1992 single Nu Nu, especially in the chorus. The lyric video was nominated at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards in the Best Lyric Video category, the official music video was released on March 13,2014 featuring Pitbull. It was directed by Gil Green, who worked with Mahone for his Banga. This music video was certified in the digital platform Vevo on February 3,2015, the song has also reached number 19 on the Billboard Pop Songs chart. On June 16,2014, Mmm Yeah became Mahones first single to enter the Australian Singles chart and it also reached number 1 on the Billboard Heatseeker Songs chart. The single was certified gold as expressed by Mahone on his official Twitter account on the 6th May 2014
37.
The Secret (Austin Mahone EP)
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The Secret is the second extended play by American pop singer Austin Mahone. It was released on May 27,2014, in an interview with Billboard on November 4,2013, Mahone informed the magazine that the album would see an additional collaboration with Flo Rida and maybe one or two other to-be-determined guests. He added, Its coming along amazing – Im just trying to have little detail. The direction of the EP reminisces a sound and themes of 90s pop music and has influences of Britney Spears, Backstreet Boys. The album is described by critics as pop and EDM. According to Mahone, the sound is a mixture of pop, R&B, electronic dance and 90s Backstreet Boys. When asked about the EP in an interview with MTV News, he said that the songs in his album would sound like What About Love kind of like that EDM, like I said. The track heavily samples Lidell Townsells 1992 single Nu Nu, all I Ever Need is a breezy downtempo R&B and pop slow jam. What About Love was released as single on June 10,2013, the song peaked at number 66 on the Billboard Hot 100. Mmm Yeah was released on January 26,2014 and features rapper Pitbull, till I Find You was released as the first promotional single on April 18,2014 during the program radio On Air with Ryan Seacrest. It is featured on Just Dance 2015, all I Ever Need was released as second promotional single on May 13,2014. Shadow was released on May 26,2014 during a performance on the Today, Mahone released the official video through Vevo on May 29,2014. His creamy yearning should set young hearts aflutter, the album debuted at number 5 on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 46,000 copies. As of November 2014, The Secret has sold 100,000 copies in the United States, Austin announced on Twitter that he will be going on a tour around North America and later announced that he will be going on that same tour around Mexico. Standard edition Notes ^ signifies a producer ^ signifies remixer
38.
SoundCloud
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SoundCloud is an online audio distribution platform based in Berlin, Germany, that enables its users to upload, record, promote, and share their originally-created sounds. SoundClouds content is split between music and other audio. Founders Alexander Ljung and Eric Wahlforss are the executive officer and chief technical officer. SoundCloud was established in Berlin in August 2008 by Swedish sound designer Ljung, in a 2009 interview with Wired, Ljung said, In April 2009, SoundCloud received €2.5 million Series A funding from Doughty Hanson Technology Ventures. By May 2010, SoundCloud announced it had one million users, in January 2011, it was confirmed that SoundCloud had raised a US$10 million Series B funding round from Union Square Ventures and Index Ventures. On 15 June 2011, SoundCloud announced they had five million registered users, on 23 January 2012, SoundCloud announced on their blog that they had 10 million registered users. By May 2012,15 million users were announced by the company at a conference held in San Francisco. The usage level for the site was growing by 1.5 million users per month at this stage, the new API was released to the public in December 2012. The response from users was mixed, and many expressed dissatisfaction with the change, SoundCloud received over 60,000 comments regarding the new layout by 10 December 2012. Also in December 2012, the data showed that SoundCloud was reaching 180 million people per month—8 percent of the global Internet—while users were uploading 10 hours of content every minute. In March 2013, Twitter announced SoundCloud as a third-party music partner, alongside iTunes, however, the initiative never eventuated, SoundClouds inability to load licensed music—due to the absence of arrangements with the major music labels—was cited as a major reason. SoundCloud announced in January 2014 that it had commenced negotiations with the music companies. The announcement was publicised after a round of funding in which US$60 million was raised, the additional finances were suggested as the reason for the plan, as finalizing such deals is a costly process. In March 2014, SoundCloud was reportedly in a round of talks with major music labels about licensing after the January negotiations did not amount to anything substantial. However, the outcome of the talks was not forthcoming in any media sources, later in May, the media reported that Twitter had regained interest in SoundCloud and was considering acquiring the platform for around US$2 billion. The next after the publicity of the deal surfaced, the prospect was no longer an active consideration, on 28 September 2016, Spotify announced that it was in talks to buy SoundCloud. On 8 December 2016, Spotify was reported to have abandoned its acquisition plans, other startups that have crossed such a threshold include Spotify and Uber. At this time, SoundCloud claimed that 175 million unique listeners used the site each month, although SoundCloud did not have paid subscriptions for ad-free streaming, they had planned to launch one in 2015
39.
Dirty Work (Austin Mahone song)
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Dirty Work is a song by American pop singer Austin Mahone. The song was released in the United States as a download on July 1,2015. It was written and produced by The Monsters and the Strangerz, with additional songwriting from Mahone, Sean Douglas, in late June, Austin revealed the Dirty Work single artwork on Twitter, and announced that it would be released to iTunes on July 10,2015. It was premiered on radio the day, and given an early iTunes release on July 1,2015. On November 17,2015, Mahone released a Dirty Work remix featuring T-Pain for free on his official SoundCloud page, Dirty Work is a modern dance-pop track with heavy bass, synthesizers and a club ready tune which draws clear influence from the genres of funk and R&B. The song is a bouncy, funky jam that Mahone describes as having a Bruno Mars / Uptown Funk type of vibe, jason Lipshutz of Billboard called it Mahones best and most ambitious single to date. The music video for Dirty Work was filmed in April,2015, Mahone stated in an interview with WiLD94.9 that the video would be in black and white. However, Mahone later re-shot the video with a new concept. In early July, Mahone filmed a video for the song. This version of the video was released on July 27,2015, in it, Mahone plays the office heart-throb, who is pursuing the sexy new girl. It includes a cast of fellow workers, who goof around and dance with Mahone throughout the video, with The Office style interviews to camera inter-cut throughout
40.
Billboard (magazine)
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Billboard is an American entertainment media brand owned by the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group, a division of Eldridge Industries. It publishes pieces involving news, video, opinion, reviews, events and it is also known for its music charts, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Billboard 200, tracking the most popular singles and albums in different genres. It also hosts events, owns a publishing firm, and operates several TV shows, Billboard was founded in 1894 by William Donaldson and James Hennegan as a trade publication for bill posters. Donaldson later acquired Hennegens interest in 1900 for $500, in the 1900s, it covered the entertainment industry, such as circuses, fairs and burlesque shows. It also created a service for travelling entertainers. Billboard began focusing more on the industry as the jukebox, phonograph. Many topics it covered were spun-off into different magazines, including Amusement Business in 1961 to cover outdoor entertainment so that it could focus on music. After Donaldson died in 1925, Billboard was passed down to his children and Hennegans children, until it was sold to investors in 1985. The first issue of Billboard was published in Cincinnati, Ohio, on November 1,1894 by William Donaldson, initially, it covered the advertising and bill posting industry and was called Billboard Advertising. At the time, billboards, posters and paper advertisements placed in public spaces were the means of advertising. Donaldson handled editorial and advertising, while Hennegan, who owned Hennegan Printing Co. managed magazine production, the first issues were just eight pages long. The paper had columns like The Bill Room Gossip and The Indefatigable, a department for agricultural fairs was established in 1896. The title was changed to The Billboard in 1897, after a brief departure over editorial differences, Donaldson purchased Hennegans interest in the business in 1900 for $500, to save it from bankruptcy. That May, Donaldson changed it from a monthly to a paper with a greater emphasis on breaking news. He improved editorial quality and opened new offices in New York, Chicago, San Francisco, London and he also re-focused the magazine on outdoor entertainment like fairs, carnivals, circuses, vaudeville and burlesque shows. A section devoted to circuses was introduced in 1900, followed by more prominent coverage of events in 1901. Billboard also covered topics including regulation, a lack of professionalism, economics and it had a stage gossip column covering the private lives of entertainers, a tent show section covering traveling shows and a sub-section called Freaks to order. According to The Seattle Times, Donaldson also published articles attacking censorship, praising productions exhibiting good taste
41.
T.I.
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Clifford Joseph Harris Jr. better known by his stage names T. I. and Tip, is an American hip hop recording artist and actor from Atlanta, Georgia. He signed his first major-label record deal in 1999, with Arista Records subsidiary, in 2001, T. I. formed the Southern hip hop group Pimp Squad Click, alongside his longtime friends and fellow Atlanta-based rappers. Upon being released from Arista, T. I. signed to Atlantic Records and subsequently became the executive officer of his own label imprint, Grand Hustle Records. T. I. is also perhaps best known as one of the artists who popularized the hip hop subgenre trap music, along with Young Jeezy and Gucci Mane. T. I. has released nine albums, with seven of them reaching the top five of the US Billboard 200 chart. Throughout his career, T. I. has also released several successful singles, including Bring Em Out, Whatever You Like, Live Your Life, Dead and Gone, Ball. He began to gain recognition in 2003, following his first high-profile feature, on fellow Atlanta-based rapper Bone Crushers hit single. He earned more prominence with the release of Trap Muzik, which includes the Top 40 hits, Rubber Band Man, the next year, T. I. appeared on Destinys Childs international hit, Soldier, alongside Lil Wayne. His subsequent albums, King and T. I. vs. T. I. P. generated high record sales and were supported by singles, such as What You Know and Big Shit Poppin. In 2013, T. I. was featured on Robin Thickes hit single Blurred Lines, alongside Pharrell Williams, in November 2013, T. I. announced that he had signed with Columbia Records, after his 10-year contract with Atlantic came to an end. He released his Columbia Records debut, Paperwork, in October 2014, in February 2016, T. I. announced he signed a distribution deal with Roc Nation, to release his tenth album. T. I. has won three Grammy Awards, namely Best Rap Solo Performance, Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration. T. I. has served two terms in county jail, twice for probation violations and a federal prison bid for a U. S. federal weapons charge, while serving 11 months in prison, he released his seventh studio album, No Mercy. T. I. has also had an acting career, starring in the films ATL, Takers, Get Hard, Identity Thief. He is also an author, having written two novels Power & Beauty and Trouble & Triumph, both of which were released to moderate success. T. I. has also starred in the American reality television series T. I. s Road to Redemption, in 2009, Billboard ranked him as the 27th Artist of the 2000s decade. Clifford Joseph Harris Jr. was born on September 25,1980, in Atlanta, Georgia and he was raised by his grandparents in Atlantas Center Hill neighborhood just off Bankhead Highway. His father resided in New York City, and he would go there to visit
42.
Pia Mia
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Pia Mia is an American singer, songwriter, and model from Guam. She started by posting videos of herself singing on video sharing site YouTube, later going on to star in commercials, Pia Mia Perez was born September 19,1996 in Guam, United States. She is of Chamorro, Italian, Dutch, and Hungarian decent and she is the daughter of Peter Perez Jr and Angela Terlaje Perez Pia Mia was introduced to Chris Browns manager and record executive Abou Bu Thiam in 2013. She began working on material with producer Nic Nac and has since been in a relationship with him, including a cover of Drakes 2013 single Hold On, in March 2014, Pia Mia released the song with an accompanying music video on her YouTube channel. Pia Mias music video for Red Love, her single from her first extended play The Gift, was uploaded to her Vevo channel on December 9,2013. On December 23,2013, Pia Mia released The Gift online for free, the eight-song production features Red Love as well as her cover of Hold On, Were Going Home. On February 25,2014, a version of the mixtape was released on iTunes without the songs Shotgun Love or I Got It. In February 2014, Pia Mia signed a deal with American record label Interscope Records. Fight For You, a collaboration with Chance the Rapper written especially for the 2014 science-fiction action film Divergent, was featured on the original soundtrack. The soundtrack peaked at number 16 on the US Billboard 200, Mia began working on her debut album and as of May 2015, she has recorded over 100 songs for the album. In early 2015, she released the promotional song Fuck With U featuring American hip hop recording artist and it was initially intended to be the first single from Mias debut studio album, but it was later scrapped after an underwhelming commercial performance. On May 4,2015, Mia released Do It Again as the single from her debut studio album. The song, which featured vocals from Chris Brown and Tyga, became Mias first charting song. It has reached No.8 on the UK Top 40, No.71 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, No.19 on the Rhythmic Songs chart, on October 30,2015, Mia released her second official single Touch from her upcoming debut studio album. It was written by Mia, co-written and produced by Stargate and it has reached No.47 in Australia and the UK Singles Chart. However, it failed to chart on the US Billboard Hot 100, official website Pia Mia at the Internet Movie Database
43.
Jason Derulo
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Jason Joel Desrouleaux, known professionally as Jason Derulo, is an American singer, songwriter, and dancer. Since the start of his recording career in 2009, Derulo has sold over 30 million singles and has achieved eleven Platinum singles, including Wiggle, Talk Dirty, In My Head. After Beluga Heights became part of the Warner Music Group, Derulo released his debut single Whatcha Say in May 2009 and it sold over five million digital downloads, gaining an RIAA certification of triple Platinum, and reaching number 1 in the U. S. and New Zealand. Derulo released his single, In My Head, in December 2009. His debut album, Jason Derulo, was released on March 2,2010 and he released his second studio album, Future History, on September 16,2011, the album was preceded by the release of the UK number-one single Dont Wanna Go Home. Derulos third international album, Tattoos, was released on September 24,2013, in 2015, Derulo released his single Want to Want Me and announced his fourth studio album, Everything Is 4, which was released on June 2,2015. Derulo was born in Miramar, Florida, the son of Haitian parents and he started singing at a young age. He attended performing arts schools in Florida and made early attempts at music composition. His writing skills began attracting attention when he was a teenager and he also wrote Bossy for Birdman, a New Orleans-based rapper, and made a guest appearance on the song, highlighting his ability as a vocalist. Derulo has been writing songs for artists including Diddy, Danity Kane, Donnie Klang, Sean Kingston, Cassie, Derulo was discovered by music producer J. R. Rotem, who signed him to his record label Beluga Heights Records and Warner Bros. On August 4,2009, Jason released his debut single and it was produced by J. R. Rotem with additional production by Fuego. The track heavily samples the Imogen Heap song Hide and Seek, in late August 2009, the song debuted at number 54 on the Billboard Hot 100 and hit number 1 in November 2009. It was Derulos first and only one hit. The singles music video was released in September 2009, after the single became successful and he released the second single from his album, In My Head, on December 8,2009. It debuted at number 63 on the Billboard Hot 100, Derulos debut album, Jason Derulo, stylised with an umlaut as Jason Derülo, was released on March 2,2010. Jason Derulo first charted within the top ten of the UK and he spent six weeks promoting the album in his appearances as one of the opening acts for Lady Gagas 2009–2010 The Monster Ball Tour. The third single of the album is Ridin Solo, which was released worldwide on April 26,2010, by July, the single had reached number nine in the Billboard Hot 100. Derulo has also featured in a song by new artist Will Roush called Turn it Up
44.
Elvis Duran
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Elvis Duran is an American radio personality. He is the host of the morning radio program Elvis Duran. Durans show is now live in over 80 markets including New York City, Philadelphia, Miami, Cleveland, St. Louis, Fort Myers, Syracuse, Des Moines, Quad Cities, Madison, New Haven. Before his job at Z100, Durans previous radio jobs included a stint as an on-air personality at WIOQ in Philadelphia and he served as WIOQs program director from May 1989 until just before he was fired in February 1990. In October 1991, Duran became both the director and morning show host of KBTS in Austin, Texas. Prior to working at Z100, Duran also worked evenings at Z-93 with sidekick Hot Henrietta in Atlanta, and in Houston. He began his run at Z100 hosting the afternoon slot until April 1996, Tom Poleman, the newly appointed director, moved Duran to the morning slot. He began hosting his radio show on New York’s Z100 in April 1996. The show expanded to Sussex County NJ in 2004 and Y100/WHYI-FM in Miami/Ft, since then, the show has enjoyed much success resulting in a national deal in March 2009 with the country’s leading radio syndication company, Premiere Networks, a subsidiary of Clear Channel. In only a year, Elvis Duran and the Morning Show added more than 30 stations including 96.5 KISS FM/WAKS-FM in Cleveland, Q102/WIOQ-FM in Philadelphia, the show also airs on XM Satellite Radio, iHeartRadio. com, and the iHeartRadio mobile app. The show replays each day on the Elvis Duran Replay Channel on ElvisDuran. com, consistently ranking #1 across multiple demographics in nearly 80 markets, EDMS is the most listened to Top 40 morning show in the U. S. Broadcasting live from New York’s Z100, the show consists of pop culture news, celebrity guests, hit songs, Duran at times introduces non-American artists as Artist of the Month giving them huge exposure in the American markets. Such international artists include Grace, Vance Joy, Conrad Sewell and The Griswolds, Alessia Cara and Shawn Hook, Isac Elliot, nikki Williams, Låpsley, Katy Tiz, Labrinth, Tom Walker and the band MiC LOWRY. In addition to his radio show, Duran launched his own entertainment company in 2007—The Elvis Duran Group. Owned by Duran and talent agent, David Katz, formerly of Don Buchwald and Associates, the focuses on creating content for radio, television, broadband, internet, theater. EDG’s first foray into television resulted in a deal that aired on Spike TV in 2010. The show Phowned, was an iteration of the radio show’s famous Phone Taps segment, the TV show members featured on the show spent an entire summer prank calling friends and family members of listeners. Durans career spans across many platforms, for two years in a row, Duran co-hosted the Live Grammy Red Carpet Show with Entertainment Tonight on Pop
45.
NBC
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The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
