The Australian Secret Intelligence Service is Australia's foreign intelligence agency. ASIS was formed in 1952, but its existence remained secret within the Government until 1972. ASIS is part of the Australian Intelligence Community responsible for the collection of foreign intelligence, including both counter-intelligence and liaising with the intelligence agencies of other countries. In these roles, ASIS is comparable to the British Secret Intelligence Service, Canada's Canadian Security Intelligence Service and the American Central Intelligence Agency. According to its website, the mission of ASIS is to "protect and promote Australia's vital interests through the provision of unique foreign intelligence services as directed by the Australian Government."ASIS is part of the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade portfolio and its head, the Director-General, is directly responsible to the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The headquarters of ASIS is within DFAT's headquarters in Canberra, its current Director-General is Paul Symon.

On 13 May 1952, in a meeting of the Executive Council, Prime Minister Robert Menzies established ASIS by executive order under s 61 of the Constitution, appointing Alfred Deakin Brookes as the first Director-General of ASIS. The existence of ASIS remained secret within the Government until 1972, its Charter of 15 December 1954 described ASIS's role as "to obtain and distribute secret intelligence, to plan for and conduct special operations as may be required". ASIS was expressly required to "operate outside Australian territory." A Ministerial Directive of 15 August 1958 indicated that its special operations role included conducting "special political action." It indicated that the organisation would come under the control and supervision of the Minister for External Affairs rather than the Minister for Defence. At the time, ASIS was modeled on the United Kingdom Secret Intelligence Service known as MI6. ASIS was at one time referred to as MO9. On 1 November 1972, the existence of ASIS was sensationally exposed by The Daily Telegraph which ran an exposé regarding recruitment of ASIS agents from Australian universities for espionage activities in Asia.

Soon after The Australian Financial Review published a more in-depth piece on the Australian Intelligence Community. It stated that "he ASIS role is to disseminate facts only, it is not supposed to be in the analytical or policy advising business though this is difficult to avoid at times." The Ministerial Statement of 1977 stated that the "main function" of ASIS was to "obtain, by such means and subject to such conditions as are prescribed by the Government, foreign intelligence for the purpose of the protection or promotion of Australia or its interests."On 21 August 1974, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam established the First Hope Commission to investigate the country's intelligence agencies. On 25 October 1977, Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser publicly announced the existence of ASIS and its functions on a recommendation of the Hope Royal Commission. In 1992 two reports were prepared on ASIS by officers within the Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet and Office of National Assessments for the Secretaries Committee on Intelligence and Security and the National Security Committee.

The Richardson Report in June examined the roles and relationships of the collection agencies in the post Cold War era. The Hollway Report in December examined shortfalls in Australia's foreign intelligence collection. Both reports endorsed the structure and roles of the organisations and commended the performance of ASIS; the Intelligence Services Act 2001 converted ASIS to a statutory body. The Act set out the functions of the limits on those functions. Use of weapons by ASIS were prohibited. Conduct of violent or para-military operations was curtailed; the Act authorised the responsible minister to issue directions to the agency. Ministerial authorisation is required for intelligence collection activities involving Australians but limited the circumstances in which this could be done; the Act requires the responsible minister to make rules regulating the communication and retention of intelligence information concerning Australian persons, provides for the establishment of a parliamentary oversight committee called the Parliamentary Joint Committee on ASIO, ASIS and DSD.

The Intelligence Services Amendment Act 2004 removed ISA prohibitions on ASIS operatives carrying firearms, but only for protection. Three Royal Commissions have examined, among other things, ASIS and its operations: in 1974 and 1983, in 1994. On 21 August 1974, the Whitlam Government appointed Justice Robert Hope to conduct a Royal Commission into the structure of Australian security and intelligence services, the nature and scope of the intelligence required and the machinery for ministerial control and coordination of the security services; the Hope Royal Commission delivered eight reports, four of which were tabled in Parliament on 5 May 1977 and 25 October 1977. Aside from the observation that ASIS was'singularly well run and well managed', the report on ASIS were not released. Results from the other reports included the Austra

Arthur Seligman was an American businessman and politician. He served in several offices including mayor of Santa Fe and governor. Seligman was born in New Mexico Territory, the son of Bernard and Frances Seligman. In 1887, he graduated from the Swarthmore College Preparatory School, in 1889 he graduated from Union Business College. After completing his education, Seligman became active in his family's business enterprises, the companies with which he was involved included: the Seligman Brothers mercantile firm. A Democrat, Seligman was involved in New Mexico's politics throughout his life, his party leadership positions included: chairman of the Santa Fe Democratic County Central Committee. Seligman was involved in government at the local and state levels throughout his career, he served as member of the state Irrigation Commission. In 1930, Seligman was elected governor, he was reelected in 1932, served from January 1, 1931 until his death. Seligman died in Santa Fe, was buried at Fairview Cemetery in Santa Fe.

Seligman and Franc E. Harris of Cleveland, Ohio were married on July 4, 1896, they were the parents of a son, an adopted daughter, Ritchie Seligman. Arthur Seligman at National Governors Association Arthur Seligman at Find a Grave Arthur Seligman at Political Graveyard

Little Willy Foster or Little Willie Foster was an American Chicago blues harmonicist and songwriter. Foster was born in Mississippi, to Major Foster and Rosie Brown, he was raised on a plantation about ten miles south of Clarksdale. His mother died when he was aged five, he was raised by his father, a local musician. Willy had little formal education, his father taught him to play the family's piano, Willy taught himself to master both the guitar and the harmonica. By 1942, he was working in Clarksdale. Around 1943, he relocated to Chicago, he played the blues around the city and teamed up with Floyd Jones, Lazy Bill Lucas, his cousin Leroy Foster. Having befriended Big Walter Horton, Foster learned to play the harmonica in Horton's Chicago blues style. Beginning in the mid-1940s, this led to periodic work for Foster on Maxwell Street and in clubs in the city for over a decade, he worked during this time in a band with Homesick James, Moody Jones and Floyd Jones. In January 1955, Foster recorded two sides for Parrot Records, his own compositions "Falling Rain Blues" and "Four Day Jump", with accompaniment by Lucas and Eddie Taylor.

Foster incurred the displeasure of the record label's owner, Al Benson, for reporting him to the American Federation of Musicians for underpaid dues on the recordings. In March 1957, Foster was back in a recording studio in Chicago, where he recorded two more of his songs, "Crying the Blues" and "Little Girl". Regarding the former, AllMusic noted that it "reflected both his emotional singing and his wailing, swooping harmonica". From this point onwards, his personal life started to degenerate. Attending a house party, Foster was accidentally shot in the head by a woman playing with a handgun; the shooting caused partial paralysis and affected his ability to speak. He made a slow recovery but played in public thereafter. In January 1974, Foster voluntarily surrendered himself to the local police after he shot and killed his roommate. Pleading self-defense and impairment of judgement due to his brain injury, he was found not guilty by reason of insanity and was sent to a state hospital in 1975. Foster died of kidney cancer on November 1987, aged 65, in Chicago.

His four released recordings are available on numerous compilation albums, issued both before and after his death. The variant spelling of his first name is due to the different spellings on his two singles, he is not to be confused with Willie James Foster. List of Chicago blues musicians

Dmitry Shapiro is an American entrepreneur. He is the CEO of GoMeta, Inc. an augmented reality platform company based in San Diego. He created the video sharing site Veoh in 2005, launched a few months after YouTube. Shapiro served as the CTO at MySpace, before moving on to Google where he took up the role of Group Product Manager. Shapiro left Google. Shapiro was born in Russia but moved to the United States. Shapiro graduated with a BS in Electrical Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1992. From 1995-1999, Shapiro served as the Head of Web Development at Fujitsu Business Communications. After his time at Fujitsu, Shapiro was the Director of Product and Engineering at CollegeClub.com, a social network which he helped grow from 200,000 members to over 4 million. In 2000, Shapiro founded Akonix Systems Inc. a network security company, where he was CEO, CTO, Head of Product until 2004. Akonix built a Perimeter Security Gateway that performed deep packet inspection on corporate networks, detected unauthorized network traffic, helped IT managers manage it.

Akonix raised $34 Million, was acquired by Quest Software Inc. in 2008. In December 2004, Shapiro founded Inc. where he was the CEO and Head of Product. Veoh became one of the largest online video websites, competing with YouTube; the company raised over $70 million and had over 28 million monthly users before getting sued by Universal Music for copyright infringement. While Veoh won the court case and two appeals, the company was unable to sustain itself as Universal Music sued Veoh’s investors, forcing Veoh to be sold. After Veoh, Shapiro was CTO at Myspace Music, where he was responsible for engineering. Shapiro was recruited by Google in 2012 as a Group Product Manager, working on Social Graph, Content Discovery, API Infrastructure. In September 2016, Shapiro co-founded Inc. where he serves as CEO today. GoMeta seeks to make it easy for anyone to create AR apps with its Metaverse AR Platform. To date, GoMeta has received $2 million in funding and has employees in San Diego, San Francisco, New York, Fort Lauderdale, Barcelona

Pindari Kanda Traill's Pass is a mountain pass through the Himalayas located between Nanda Devi and Nanda Kot peaks in the Uttarakhand state in the districts of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar in India. It is situated at the end of Pindari glacier and links Pindari valley to Milam valley and is said to be difficult to cross; the pass was reached in 1830 by G. W. Traill, the first British Deputy Commissioner of Kumaon division. In 1926, it was crossed by Hugh Ruttledge. People from Johar Valley and Pindar Valley attempted to cross it for trade. Budha Malak Singh of Supi village of Bageshwar District of Uttarakhand State was the first man to cross it 1830 after 100 years. Mr. Trail attempted to cross the pass but failed, though the pass was since named as Trail’s Pass, earlier it was called "Pindari Kanda". Trail's Pass is a mountain pass through the Himalayas located between the unnamed southern shoulder of Mt. Nanda Devi East and Changuch peaks in Uttarakhand state in the districts of Bageshwar and Pithoragarh.

It is situated at the head of Pindari glacier and Trails pass bridges Pindari Valley with LwanValley and is said to be difficult to cross. Though Pindari glacier is visited by many people every year, yet Trail’s Pass, at its top remains an elusive goal. By Himalayan standards, the Pindari glacier and the Trail’s Pass do not match most of the giants; the Pindari is neither the largest nor the longest of the glaciers nor is the Trail’s Pass, at its head, the highest of passes. However, Pindari has been the most visited Himalayan glacier since the mid-19th century when a bridle-path with dak bungalows at suitable intervals between there and Almora was built. Today, it is so popular a trekking destination that a tenfold increase in the number of beds available is unable to cope with the influx. What faces a visitor to Pindari glacier at the Zero Point, along its left lateral moraine, is an immense wall of jagged, broken ice criss¬crossed with thousands of seracs and crevasses; the upper icefields of the glacier are invisible from there and the near level ice mass at its lower end at the snout below recedes into insignificance.

What people call the Pindari glacier is a huge icefall passing over a steep slope, through which a direct ascent has yet to be made. Above this lie the icefields of the surrounding heights and the névé basin of the glacier, some 8 km long, separated from the ridge above with a text-book fashion bergschrund; the lowest point on the ridge at 5312 m is the Trail’s Pass. Beyond the pass to the north and east lies the Lwan valley whose catchment is the Gori ganga valley. Pindar river which forms the main tributary of river Alaknanda which further joins the Bhagirathi to form The Ganges at Dev Prayag. Since 1830, Trail’s pass has been attempted by more than 90 teams, till now only 18 teams are known to have attained success. Teams are listed below: SNO. YEAR TEAM 1 1830 Malak Singh, Bageshwar. 2 1855 Adolf Schlagintweit 3 1861 Captain Ed Smyth 4 1899 Kurt Buch 5 1926 Hughe Ruttledge with wife 6 1930 Hughe Stenlorge 7 1931 Devan Singh Martolia 8 1936 August Gansser 9 1941 S. S. khera 10 1994 Nainital Mountaineering Club Nanital.

11 2009 Martin Moran, England June 12 2009 Bhadreswar Pathfinder Adventurers 13 2013 Himalpinist -Dhruv Joshi, Bharat Bhushan & Vineet kumar Saini first smallest team so far http://www.himalpinist.com 14 2015 Dhruv Joshi, Ulrich - Karen Rauner 15 2016 HITAM largest group till date 16 2017 Major Chirag Chatterjee and team, Indian Army. 17 2017 Himalpinist-Dhruv Joshi, Narendra Kumar, Ravi Bangera, Prashant Sawant, Aberrant Wanderers - Sanket Patil second smallest team 18. 2019-September: Tanmoy Dam,Bidyut Das,Ashis Das,Siddheswar Khearu,Sankar Sarkar,Rahul Guha,Sayantan Dutta and Monojit Basu, we are 8 members cross the pass without any health issues. Dawa and Tengin Sherpa support us. Rupsingh Ji and Mohon guide us of trail’s pass trek. Note- “jumering and rappel down is hard for rock fall of trail’s pass.rope and rock piton is More needed. September mid is preferable time for trail’s pass. It’s a challenging trek. -Tanmoy Dam”

Thomas MacQueen was a Canadian politician. He represented the electoral district of Pictou East in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly from 1967 to 1970, he was a member of the Progressive Conservative Party of Nova Scotia. Born in 1910 at Kings Head, Nova Scotia, MacQueen was a fisherman, he entered provincial politics in the 1967 election, defeating Liberal incumbent A. Lloyd MacDonald by 128 votes in the Pictou East riding. MacQueen was defeated by MacDonald. In 1972, MacQueen was appointed manager of the Pictou County Home for Disabled, he died in New Glasgow on April 9, 2003