1.
India
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India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and it is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west, China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast, in the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. Indias Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a border with Thailand. The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE, in the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires, the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate, the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal empire, in the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance, in 2015, the Indian economy was the worlds seventh largest by nominal GDP and third largest by purchasing power parity. Following market-based economic reforms in 1991, India became one of the major economies and is considered a newly industrialised country. However, it continues to face the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition, a nuclear weapons state and regional power, it has the third largest standing army in the world and ranks sixth in military expenditure among nations. India is a constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system. It is a pluralistic, multilingual and multi-ethnic society and is home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. The name India is derived from Indus, which originates from the Old Persian word Hindu, the latter term stems from the Sanskrit word Sindhu, which was the historical local appellation for the Indus River. The ancient Greeks referred to the Indians as Indoi, which translates as The people of the Indus, the geographical term Bharat, which is recognised by the Constitution of India as an official name for the country, is used by many Indian languages in its variations. Scholars believe it to be named after the Vedic tribe of Bharatas in the second millennium B. C. E and it is also traditionally associated with the rule of the legendary emperor Bharata. Gaṇarājya is the Sanskrit/Hindi term for republic dating back to the ancient times, hindustan is a Persian name for India dating back to the 3rd century B. C. E. It was introduced into India by the Mughals and widely used since then and its meaning varied, referring to a region that encompassed northern India and Pakistan or India in its entirety
2.
Asia
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Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres, about 30% of Earths total land area and 8. 7% of the Earths total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its large size and population. In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, the western boundary with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural River, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains, China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 A. D. The accidental discovery of America by Columbus in search for India demonstrates this deep fascination, the Silk Road became the main East-West trading route in the Asian hitherland while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. Asia has exhibited economic dynamism as well as robust population growth during the 20th century, given its size and diversity, the concept of Asia—a name dating back to classical antiquity—may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography. Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties, the boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal. This makes Egypt a transcontinental country, with the Sinai peninsula in Asia, the border between Asia and Europe was historically defined by European academics. In Sweden, five years after Peters death, in 1730 Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a new atlas proposing the Urals as the border of Asia, the Russians were enthusiastic about the concept, which allowed them to keep their European identity in geography. Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the idea to von Strahlenberg, the latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century various proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the mid-19th century, the border had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects. The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is usually placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, the border between Asia and the loosely defined region of Oceania is usually placed somewhere in the Malay Archipelago. The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the 19th century, have had several different geographic meanings since their inception. The chief factor in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the location of the possessions of the various empires there. Lewis and Wigen assert, The narrowing of Southeast Asia to its present boundaries was thus a gradual process, Asia is larger and more culturally diverse than Europe. It does not exactly correspond to the borders of its various types of constituents. From the time of Herodotus a minority of geographers have rejected the three-continent system on the grounds there is no or is no substantial physical separation between them
3.
Pragati Maidan
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Pragati Maidan is a venue for large exhibitions and conventions in New Delhi. It is having an area of nearly 150 acres ( more than 6,25,000 Sq, meters of exhibition space, it is the biggest exhibition center in Delhi. It is owned, operated, controlled and managed by India Trade Promotion Organization, the overall layout and project was designed by architect Raj Rewal, who also designed some key buildings such as the Hall of Nations. It was inaugurated on 3 November 1972 by then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, the venue and the event were meant to celebrate 25 years of Indias Independence. It is a complex of buildings, covering over 150 acres sprinkled with many lawns, overlooking the historic Purana Qila. The complex houses many pavilions like the Nehru Pavilion, the Defense Pavilion, the Indira Pavilion, and it has various building which are build in various shapes and sizes. It also has an auditorium where Rock shows and plays are held quite frequently, there is also an internal shuttle service for those who do not wish to walk. Pragati Maidan houses a theatre called Shakuntalam, quite popular among college kids for its comparatively cheap tickets. Pragati Maidan is flanked by Mathura Road to its West and Bhairon Road on the South, to its east runs the main railway line to Central and Southern India. Pragati Maidan is situated in Central Delhi in the area of 110001. Pragati Maidan offers about 61,290 sq. metres of covered space in 16 halls. In 2006, ahead of the 2010 Commonwealth Games, a Rs 1, Pragati Maidan may house a new convention centre that would be five to eight times bigger in capacity than Vigyan Bhavan. This complex houses five permanent exhibitions include the Nehru Pavalion, Atomic Energy. Some of the held in Pragati Maidan are the India International Trade Fair, World Book Fair. The two-week-long India International Trade Fair begins here each year on November 14. In 1999, during the fair, two new air-conditioned halls 12 and 13 on an area of 9,000 sq. m. were opened to public, the 2003 IITF saw 25 lakh visitors to Pragati Maidan. Today, Northern Railways runs special trains to Pragati Maidan during the fair, as does the Delhi Metro. At a corner of Pragati Maidan, on Mathura Road lies Matka Peer or the shrine of Hazrat Sheikh Abubakr Tusi Qalandari
4.
Confederation of Indian Industry
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The Confederation of Indian Industry is an association of Indian businesses which works to create an environment conducive to the growth of industry in the country. CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organization, dr. Naushad Forbes, Co-Chairman, Forbes Marshall, is the President of CII for the year 2016-17. He succeeded Mr Sumit Mazumder, Chairman and Managing Director, TIL Limited as the new President, ms. Shobana Kamineni, Executive Vice-Chairperson, Apollo Hospitals Enterprises Limited is President-Designate and Rakesh Bharti Mittal, Bharti Enterprises is the Vice President. Chandrajit Banerjee is the Director General, a countrys policy environment must be conducive for firms to achieve efficiencies that will enable them to reach their full potential and be globally competitive. CII has over 500 ‘Intellectual Groups’ – Councils, Committees, Task Forces, Working Groups, among others – working at the national and regional levels and these Groups give shape to and articulate Member concerns to Government policy makers, Regulators, Think Tanks etc. They work pro-actively with Government to formulate policies that would empower businesses, CII International works under CII International Policy and Trade Council. In 1995, as CII celebrated its Centenary, it took a step ahead to enhance the competitiveness of Indian industry to enable it to meet the challenges of a rapidly globalizing marketplace. It began offering customised advisory and consultancy services and training programmes through its Centres of Excellence, today, CII has 9 Centres of Excellence across India, each focusing on different aspects to offer wide-ranging services to industry from diverse sectors. The institute conducts research in select thrust sectors for the development of models on Quality. By the ‘Cluster Approach’, the Centre enables SMEs to learn through sharing of knowledge with other cluster companies, the centre also offers MSc in Engineering Business Management of University of Warwick, UK and Programme for Visionary Corporate Leaders in Manufacturing. Over the last decade, the IGBC has promoted the concept of building in India. Compared to a building, these save up to at least 20 per cent of the resources. The council has facilitated the creation of over 1,745 green buildings with a footprint of 1.21 billion sq. ft and these include commercial and residential spaces, hospitals, retail, factories, townships and SEZs. IGBC standards for green homes are of international standards, CII - Suresh Neotia Centre of Excellence for Leadership, Kolkata - The CII-Suresh Neotia Centre of Excellence for Leadership serves as a facilitator for development of leaders in India. The Centre works to establish partnerships with similar organisations and global institutions for mutual benefit. The centre currently organizes special programmes on leadership development for Government officials, including managers of public sector undertakings, the Institute provides, consultancy, training and research on water and waste water management in industrial, domestic, agricultural and environmental sectors. Good achievement can be stimulated through acknowledgement in the form of accolades, CII and Exim Bank collaborate on contributing the CII-EXIM Bank Award for Business Excellence through the CII Institute of Quality. CII works with the World Economic Forum, Geneva, to offer the Social Entrepreneur of the Year Award at the yearly India Economic Summit, woman Exemplar Awards are bestowed to underprivileged women annually who have favorably conquered challenges to establish themselves as leaders in social or economic realms
5.
Automotive industry in India
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The automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world with an annual production of 23.96 million vehicles in FY 2015–16, following a growth of 2.57 per cent over the last year. The automobile industry accounts for 7.1 per cent of the gross domestic product. The Two Wheelers segment, with 81 per cent market share, is the leader of the Indian Automobile market, owing to a middle class. Moreover, the growing interest of companies in exploring the rural markets further aided the growth of the sector, the overall Passenger Vehicle segment has 13 per cent market share. India is also a prominent auto exporter and has strong export growth expectations for the near future, in FY 2014–15, automobile exports grew by 15 per cent over the last year. The sales of PVs grew by 8.51 per cent in April–October 2015 over the period in the previous year. The overall CVs segment registered a growth of 8.02 per cent in April–October 2015 as compared to same period last year. Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles registered very strong growth of 32.3 per cent while sales of Light Commercial Vehicles declined by 5.24 per cent during April–October 2015, in April–October 2015, overall automobile exports grew by 5.78 per cent. PVs, CVs, 3Ws and 2Ws registered growth of 6.34 per cent,17.95 per cent,18.59 per cent and 3.22 per cent, respectively, in April–October 2015 over April–October 2014. In order to keep up with the demand, several auto makers have started investing heavily in various segments of the industry during the last few months. The industry has attracted foreign direct investment worth US$13.48 billion during the period April 2000 to June 2015, according to released by Department of Industrial Policy. The worlds largest air bag suppliers Autoliv Inc, Takata Corp, TRW Automotive Inc and Toyoda Gosei Co are setting up plants and increasing capacity in India. General Motors plans to invest US$1 billion in India by 2020, uS-based car maker Chrysler has planned to invest Rs 3,500 crore in Maharashtra, to manufacture Jeep Grand Cherokee model. Mercedes Benz has decided to manufacture the GLA entry SUV in India, the company has doubled its India assembly capacity to 20,000 units per annum. Germany-based luxury car maker Bayerische Motoren Werke AGs local unit has announced to procure components from seven India-based auto parts makers, Mahindra Two Wheelers Limited acquired 51 per cent shares in France-based Peugeot Motorcycles. In the Union budget of 2015-16, the Government has announced plans to provide credit of Rs 850,000 crore to farmers, the government plans to promote eco-friendly cars in the country—i. e. CNG-based vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and electric vehicles—and also to make mandatory 5 per cent ethanol blending in petrol, the Automobile Mission Plan for the period 2006–2016, designed by the government is aimed at accelerating and sustaining growth in this sector. Also, the well-established Regulatory Framework under the Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport, in 1897, the first car ran on an Indian road
6.
Research and development
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Research and development, also known in Europe as research and technical development, is a general term for activities in connection with corporate or governmental innovation. Research and development is situated at the front end of the life cycle. R&D differs from the vast majority of activities in that it is not intended to yield immediate profit, and generally carries greater risk. New product design and development is more often not a crucial factor in the survival of a company. In an industry that is changing fast, firms must continually revise their design and this is necessary due to continuous technology change and development as well as other competitors and the changing preference of customers. Without an R&D program, a firm must rely on strategic alliances, acquisitions, a system driven by marketing is one that puts the customer needs first, and produces goods that are known to sell. Market research is carried out, which establishes what is needed, if the development is technology driven R&D is directed toward developing products to meet the unmet need. Statistics on organizations devoted to R&D may express the state of an industry, some common measures include, budgets, numbers of patents or on rates of peer-reviewed publications. Bank ratios are one of the best measures, because they are maintained, public. In the United States, a ratio of research and development for an industrial company is about 3. 5% of revenues. A high technolog company, such as a manufacturer, might spend 7% or a pharmaceutical companies such as Merck & Co.14. 1% or Novartis 15. 1%. That is, gross profits will be as much as 90% of the sales cost, with manufacturing costing only 10% of the product price, most industrial companies get 40% revenues only. On a technical level, high tech organizations explore ways to re-purpose and they often reuse advanced manufacturing processes, expensive safety certifications, specialized embedded software, computer-aided design software, electronic designs and mechanical subsystems. Research from 2000 has shown that firms with a persistent R&D strategy outperform those with an irregular or no R&D investment program. Research and development are very difficult to manage, since the feature of research is that the researchers do not know in advance exactly how to accomplish the desired result. As a result, higher R&D spending does not guarantee more creativity, research is the most risky financing area because both the development of an invention and its successful realization carries uncertainty including the profitability of the invention. One way of reducing the uncertainty of researching know-hows is to obtain already researched know-hows, president Barack Obama requested $147.696 billion for research & development in FY2012. Much of this spending was devoted to research on the mechanisms of disease
7.
Rajiv Gandhi
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Rajiv Ratna Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India, serving from 1984 to 1989. He took office after the 1984 assassination of his mother, Prime Minister Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi, Gandhi was a scion of the politically powerful Nehru–Gandhi family, which had been associated with the Indian National Congress party. For much of his childhood, his maternal grandfather Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister, Gandhi attended college in the United Kingdom. He returned to India in 1966 and became a pilot for the state-owned Indian Airlines. In 1968 he married Sonia Gandhi, the couple settled in Delhi to a life with their children Rahul. For much of the 1970s, his mother was prime minister and his brother Sanjay a MP, despite this, after Sanjays death in an aeroplane crash in 1980, Gandhi reluctantly entered politics at the behest of Indira. The following year he won his brothers Parliamentary seat of Amethi, as part of his political grooming, Rajiv was made a general secretary of the Congress party and given significant responsibility in organising the 1982 Asian Games. On the morning of 31 October 1984, his mother was assassinated by two of her bodyguards, later day, Gandhi was appointed Prime Minister. His leadership was tested over the few days as organised mobs rioted against the Sikh community. That December, an almost nationwide sympathy vote for the Congress party helped it win its largest-ever Lok Sabha majority–411 seats out of 542, Rajiv Gandhis period in office was mired in controversies, perhaps the greatest crises were the Bhopal disaster and the Shah Bano case. In mid-1987 the Bofors scandal damaged his image and resulted in a major defeat for his party in the 1989 election. Gandhi remained Congress President until the elections in 1991, while campaigning for the elections, he was assassinated by a suicide bomber from the LTE. His widow Sonia became the president of the Congress party in 1998 and his son Rahul is a Member of Parliament and Vice President of the Congress. In 1991 the Indian government posthumously awarded Gandhi the Bharat Ratna, at the India Leadership Conclave in 2009, the Revolutionary Leader of Modern India award was conferred posthumously on Gandhi. Rajiv Gandhi was born in Bombay on 20 August 1944 to Indira and he was named Rajiv after his maternal grandmother, Kamala Nehru. In 1951, Rajiv and Sanjay were admitted to Shiv Niketan school, where the teachers said Rajiv was shy and introverted, at the age of six, he underwent surgery on his tonsils. He was admitted to the Welham Boys School and Doon School in 1954, Rajiv was sent to London in 1961 to study A-levels. In 1962, he was offered a place at Trinity College, Cambridge, Rajiv stayed at Cambridge until 1965, but did not finish his degree
8.
Greater Noida
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Greater Noida City is a north Indian city with a population in excess of 100,000, located in the Gautam Budh Nagar district of the northern state of Uttar Pradesh. It comes under the purview of the National Capital Region of India, situated 30 km south-east of capital city of New Delhi, it takes around 30 minutes to travel between the cities via the Noida-Greater Noida Expressway. Before Greater Noida City, there were two areas that had been developed—Gurgaon, across the border from Haryana, and Noida, across the border with Uttar Pradesh, noidas infrastructure was carefully laid out, but the 1990s saw huge growth in the Indian economy. Migration to cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Noida was developed to accommodate population growth for 20–25 years. The massive population influx to Delhi, however, caused it to overload in a mere 15 years, although intake is not complete, the government of Uttar Pradesh decided to develop another city as an extension to Noida with better planning. The idea was to create a city approximately 25 km from Noida. During the 1990s, the Noida extension became what is known as Greater Noida. The development of the city is managed by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority, Greater Noida is connected to Agra by the six-lane Yamuna Expressway. The annual Indian Grand Prix is held at the Buddh International Circuit, roads are wide with service lanes for every major road. The sectors are named by letters of the Greek alphabet, all cabling and utilities have been built underground. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma are the oldest sectors, the other emerging sectors include Xu, Delta, Mu, Omicron and Tau. A park has been named Amar Shaheed Pt. Ram Prasad Bismil Udyan by the Uttar Pradesh Government, the 12th and 14th Auto Expos were held at India Expo Mart, Greater Noida, in February 2014 and 2016 respectively. All sectors under Noida Extension are very much a part of the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority, as of late 2012, plans were being formed to rename it to Greater Noida. Planners intended the area to provide NCR region housing, as per provisional data of the 2011 census, Greater Noida had a population of 107,676, with 58,662 males and 49,014 females. The literacy rate was 86. 54%,91. 48% of males and 80. 65% of females, the demographics of Greater Noida mainly consist of students, corporate employees, and labourers. Students are often temporary residents from other parts of India and abroad, Greater Noida and Noida combined have approximately 200 villages, out of which 110 have a Gurjar majority and 50 villages have yadav as a majority. Greater Noida has a similar climate to Delhi, very hot and dry during summer, hot and humid during monsoons, pleasant and dry during spring and autumn, and cool to cold during winters. According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the falls under seismic zone-III, on a scale of I to V while the wind and cyclone zoning is a very high damage risk
9.
Uttar Pradesh
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Uttar Pradesh, abbreviated as UP, is the most populous state in the Republic of India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world. The state, located in the region of the Indian subcontinent, has over 200 million inhabitants. It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces during British rule, Lucknow is the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. Ghaziabad, Kanpur, Bhadohi, Raebareli, Moradabad, Bareilly, Aligarh, Sonbhadra, on 9 November 2000, a new state, Uttarakhand, was carved out from the Himalayan hill region of Uttar Pradesh. It covers 243,290 square kilometres, equal to 7. 33% of the area of India. Hindi is the official and most widely spoken language in its 75 districts, Uttar Pradesh is the third largest Indian state by economy, with a GDP of ₹9,763 billion. Agriculture and service industries are the largest parts of the states economy, the service sector comprises travel and tourism, hotel industry, real estate, insurance and financial consultancies. Uttar Pradesh was home to powerful empires of ancient and medieval India, the two major rivers of the state, the Ganges and Yamuna, join at Allahabad and then flow as the Ganges further east. Modern human hunter-gatherers have been in Uttar Pradesh since between around 85,000 and 72,000 years ago, the kingdom of Kosala, in the Mahajanapada era, was located within the regional boundaries of modern-day Uttar Pradesh. According to Hindu legend, the divine king Rama of the Ramayana epic reigned in Ayodhya, the aftermath of the Mahabharata yuddh is believed to have taken place in the area between the Upper Doab and Delhi, during the reign of the Pandava king Yudhishthira. The kingdom of the Kurus corresponds to the Black and Red Ware and Painted Gray Ware culture, most of the invaders of south India passed through the Gangetic plains of what is today Uttar Pradesh. Control over this region was of importance to the power and stability of all of Indias major empires, including the Maurya, Kushan, Gupta. Following the Huns invasions that broke the Gupta empire, the Ganges-Yamuna Doab saw the rise of Kannauj, during the reign of Harshavardhana, the Kannauj empire reached its zenith. It spanned from Punjab in the north and Gujarat in the west to Bengal in the east and it included parts of central India, north of the Narmada River and it encompassed the entire Indo-Gangetic plain. Many communities in parts of India claim descent from the migrants of Kannauj. Kannauj was several times invaded by the south Indian Rashtrakuta Dynasty, in the Mughal era, Uttar Pradesh became the heartland of the empire. Mughal emperors Babur and Humayun ruled from Delhi, in 1540 an Afghan, Sher Shah Suri, took over the reins of Uttar Pradesh after defeating the Mughal king Humanyun. Sher Shah and his son Islam Shah ruled Uttar Pradesh from their capital at Gwalior, after the death of Islam Shah Suri, his prime minister Hemu became the de facto ruler of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and the western parts of Bengal
10.
Tata Motors
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Tata Motors Limited is an Indian multinational automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Mumbai, India, and a member of the Tata Group. Its products include passenger cars, trucks, vans, coaches, buses, sports cars, construction equipment and military vehicles. Tata Motors has auto manufacturing and assembly plants in Jamshedpur, Pantnagar, Lucknow, Sanand, Dharwad and it has research and development centres in Pune, Jamshedpur, Lucknow, and Dharwad, India and in South Korea, Great Britain and Spain. Tata Motors principal subsidiaries purchased the English premium car maker Jaguar Land Rover, founded in 1945 as a manufacturer of locomotives, the company manufactured its first commercial vehicle in 1954 in a collaboration with Daimler-Benz AG, which ended in 1969. In 1998, Tata launched the first fully indigenous Indian passenger car, the Indica, and in 2008 launched the Tata Nano, Tata Motors acquired the South Korean truck manufacturer Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company in 2004 and purchased Jaguar Land Rover from Ford in 2008. Tata Motors is listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange, where it is a constituent of the BSE SENSEX index, the National Stock Exchange of India, the company is ranked 226th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the worlds biggest corporations as of 2016. On 17 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was appointed chairman of the company, Tata entered the commercial vehicle sector in 1954 after forming a joint venture with Daimler-Benz of Germany. After years of dominating the commercial market in India, Tata Motors entered the passenger vehicle market in 1991 by launching the Tata Sierra. Tata subsequently launched the Tata Estate, the Tata Sumo and the Tata Safari, Tata launched the Indica in 1998, the first fully indigenous Indian passenger car. A newer version of the car, named Indica V2, was an improvement over the previous version. Tata Motors also successfully exported large numbers of the car to South Africa, the success of the Indica played a key role in the growth of Tata Motors. In 2004, Tata Motors acquired Daewoos South Korea-based truck manufacturing unit, Daewoo Commercial Vehicles Company, on 27 September 2004, Tata Motors rang the opening bell at the New York Stock Exchange to mark the listing of Tata Motors. In 2005, Tata Motors acquired a 21% controlling stake in the Spanish bus, Tata Motors continued its market area expansion through the introduction of new products such as buses and trucks. In 2006, Tata formed a joint venture with the Brazil-based Marcopolo, Tata Marcopolo Bus, in 2008, Tata Motors acquired the English car maker Jaguar Land Rover, manufacturer of the Jaguar and Land Rover from Ford Motor Company. Tata acquired full ownership of Hispano Carrocera in 2009, in 2009, its Lucknow plant was awarded the Best of All Rajiv Gandhi National Quality Award. In 2010, Tata Motors acquired an 80% stake in the Italian design, the acquisition formed part of the companys plan to enhance its styling and design capabilities. In 2012, Tata Motors announced it would invest around ₹6 billion in the development of Futuristic Infantry Combat Vehicles in collaboration with DRDO. In 2013, Tata Motors announced it will sell in India, in 2014, Tata Motors introduced first Truck Racing championship in India T1 Prima Truck Racing Championship
11.
Maruti Suzuki
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Maruti Suzuki India Limited, formerly known as Maruti Udyog Limited, is an automobile manufacturer in India. It is a 54. 2%-owned subsidiary of Japanese automobile and motorcycle manufacturer Suzuki Motor Corporation, as of January 2017, it had a market share of 51% of the Indian passenger car market. Maruti Suzuki manufactures and sells popular cars such as the Ciaz, Ertiga, Wagon R, Alto, Swift, Celerio, Swift Dzire, the company is headquartered at New Delhi. In February 2012, the company sold its ten millionth vehicle in India, Maruti was established in February 1981, though the actual production commenced only in 1983. It started with the Maruti 800, based on the Suzuki Alto kei car which at the time was the modern car available in India. Its only competitors were the Hindustan Ambassador and Premier Padmini, originally, 74% of the company was owned by the Indian government, and 26% by Suzuki of Japan. As of May 2007, the government of India sold its share to Indian financial institutions. Under the Maruti name In 1970, a limited company named Surya Ram Maruti technical services private limited was launched on November 16,1970. The stated purpose of company was to provide technical know-how for the design, manufacture. In June 1971, a company called Maruti limited was incorporated under the Companies Act, Maruti Limited went into liquidation in 1977. Maruti Udyog Ltd was incorporated through the efforts of Dr V. Krishnamurthy, affiliation with Suzuki In 1982, a license & Joint Venture Agreement was signed between Maruti Udyog Ltd. and Suzuki of Japan. At first, Maruti Suzuki was mainly an importer of cars, in Indias closed market, Maruti received the right to import 40,000 fully built-up Suzukis in the first two years, and even after that the early goal was to use only 33% indigenous parts. This upset the local manufacturers considerably, finally, in 1983, the Maruti 800 was released. This 796 cc hatchback was based on the SS80 Suzuki Alto and was India’s first affordable car, initial product plan was 40% saloons, and 60% Maruti Van. Local production commenced in December 1983, in 1984, the Maruti Van with the same three-cylinder engine as the 800 was released and the installed capacity of the plant in Gurgaon reached 40,000 units. In 1985, the Suzuki SJ410-based Gypsy, a 970 cc 4WD off-road vehicle, was launched, in 1986, the original 800 was replaced by an all-new model of the 796 cc hatchback Suzuki Alto and the 100, 000th vehicle was produced by the company. In 1987, the company started exporting to the West, when a lot of 500 cars were sent to Hungary, by 1988, the capacity of the Gurgaon plant was increased to 100,000 units per annum. Market liberalisation In 1989, the Maruti 1000 was introduced and the 970 cc, by 1991,65 percent of the components, for all vehicles produced, were indigenized
12.
Mahindra & Mahindra
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Mahindra and Mahindra Limited is an Indian multinational automobile manufacturing corporation headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is one of the largest vehicle manufacturers by production in India and it is a part of Mahindra Group, an Indian conglomerate. It was ranked 21st on a list of top companies in India by Fortune India 500 in 2011 and its major competitors in the Indian market include Maruti Suzuki, Tata Motors, Ashok Leyland and others. Mahindra & Mahindra was set up as a trading company in 1945 in Ludhiana as Mahindra & Mohammed by brothers K. C. Mahindra and J. C. Mahindra. After India gained independence and Pakistan was formed, Mohammed emigrated to Pakistan where he became that countrys first finance minister, the company changed its name to Mahindra & Mahindra in 1948. It eventually saw an opportunity in expanding into manufacturing and selling larger MUVs. Soon established as the Jeep manufacturers of India, the company later commenced manufacturing light commercial vehicles, over the past few years, the company has taken interest in new industries and in foreign markets. They entered the industry by taking over Kinetic Motors in India. M&M also has a stake in the REVA Electric Car Company. In 2010–11 M&M entered in micro drip irrigation with the takeover of EPC Industries Ltd in Nashik, Mahindra & Mahindra, branded on its products usually as Mahindra, produces SUVs, saloon cars, pickups, commercial vehicles, and two wheeled motorcycles and tractors. It owns assembly plants in India, Mainland China, the United Kingdom, Mahindra maintains business relations with foreign companies like Renault SA, France. M&M has a presence and its products are exported to several countries. Its global subsidiaries include Mahindra Europe S. r. l. based in Italy, Mahindra South Africa and Mahindra Tractor Co. Ltd. Mahindra started making passenger vehicles firstly with the Logan in April 2007 under the Mahindra Renault joint venture, M&M made its maiden entry into the heavy trucks segment with the Mahindra Truck and Bus Division, the joint venture with International Truck, USA. Mahindra produces a range of vehicles including MUVs, LCVs. It manufactures over 20 models of cars including larger, multi-utility vehicles like the Scorpio and it formerly had a joint venture with Ford called Ford India Private Limited to build passenger cars. True to their word, Mahindra & Mahindra launched the Mahindra Xylo in January 2009, also in early 2008, Mahindra commenced its first overseas CKD operations with the launch of the Mahindra Scorpio in Egypt, in partnership with the Bavarian Auto Group. This was soon followed by facilities in Brazil
13.
BMW
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG, usually known under its abbreviation BMW, is a German luxury vehicle, motorcycle, and engine manufacturing company founded in 1916. It is one of the luxury automakers in the world. The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, headquartered in Munich, Bavaria, BMW owns Mini cars and is the parent company of Rolls-Royce Motor Cars. BMW was established as a business entity following a restructuring of the Rapp Motorenwerke aircraft manufacturing firm in 1912 named Aerowerke Gustav Otto, after the end of World War I in 1918, BMW was forced to cease aircraft-engine production by the terms of the Versailles Armistice Treaty. The company consequently shifted to production as the restrictions of the treaty started to be lifted in 1923. BMWs first significant aircraft engine, and commercial product of any sort, was the BMW IIIa inline-six liquid-cooled engine of 1918, known for good fuel economy, with German rearmament in the 1930s, the company again began producing aircraft engines for the Luftwaffe. The factory in Munich made ample use of forced labour, foreign civilians, prisoners of war, the few Me 262 A-1b test examples built used the more developed version of the 003 jet, recording an official top speed of 800 km/h. The first-ever four-engine jet aircraft flown were the sixth and eighth prototypes of the Arado Ar 234 jet reconnaissance-bomber. Through 1944 the 003s reliability improved, making it a power plant for air frame designs competing for the Jägernotprogramms light fighter production contract. Which was won by the Heinkel He 162 Spatz design, the BMW003 aviation turbojet was also under consideration as the basic starting point for a pioneering turboshaft powerplant for German armored fighting vehicles in 1944–45, as the GT101. Towards the end of the Third Reich, BMW developed some military aircraft projects for the Luftwaffe, the BMW Strahlbomber, the BMW Schnellbomber and the BMW Strahljäger, but none of them were built. By the year 1958, the division of BMW was in financial difficulties. It was decided to carry on by trying to cash in on the current economy car boom exploited so successfully by German ex-aircraft manufacturers such as Messerschmitt, BMW bought the rights to manufacture the Italian Iso Isetta. BMWs version of the cars were to be powered by a modified form of BMWs motorcycle engine. This was moderately successful and helped the company get back on its feet, since 1959, the controlling majority shareholder of the BMW Aktiengesellschaft has been the Quandt family, which owns about 46% of the stock. The rest is in public float, BMW acquired the Hans Glas company based in Dingolfing, Germany, in 1966. Glas vehicles were badged as BMW until the company was fully absorbed. However, this factory was outmoded and BMWs biggest immediate gain was, according to themselves, the Glas factories continued to build a limited number of their existing models, while adding the manufacture of BMW front and rear axles until they could be closer incorporated into BMW
14.
Hyundai
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Hyundai Group is a multinational chaebol headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. It was founded by Chung Ju-yung in 1947 as a construction firm, today, most companies bearing the name Hyundai are not legally connected to Hyundai Group. They include Hyundai Motor Group, Hyundai Department Store Group, Hyundai Heavy Industries Group, however, most of the former subsidiaries of the Hyundai conglomerate continue to be run by relatives of Chung. If these companies were considered as forming a broad family business, then it would remain the largest company in South Korea with enormous economic. The name Hyundai comes from the Korean word 現代, which means modernity, Hyundai was founded as a small construction firm by Chung Ju-yung in 1947. Hyundai Construction began operating outside of South Korea in 1965, initially entering the markets of Guam, Thailand, Hyundai Motor Company was founded in 1967. Hyundai Heavy Industries was founded in 1973, and completed the construction of its first ships in June 1974, in 1983 Hyundai entered the semiconductor industry through the establishment of Hyundai Electronics. In 1986 a Hyundai-manufactured IBM PC-XT compatible called the Blue Chip PC was sold in discount and it was one of the earliest PC clones marketed toward consumers instead of business. Hyundai announced a management restructuring in December 1995, affecting 404 executives. In the same period it had annual revenues of around US$90 billion. Hyundai branded vehicles are manufactured by Hyundai Motor Company, which along with Kia comprises the Hyundai Kia Automotive Group, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, Hyundai operates the worlds largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility in Ulsan, which is capable of producing 1.6 million units annually. The company employs about 75,000 people around the world, Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 6,000 dealerships and showrooms worldwide. In 2012, Hyundai sold over 4.4 million vehicles worldwide, popular models include the Sonata midsize sedan and Elantra compact. The foundation has sponsored conferences on Eastern ethics and funded research into traditional Korean culture. In 1991, it established the annual Filial Piety Award, economy of South Korea Hyundai Group website
15.
Hero MotoCorp
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Hero Motocorp Ltd. formerly Hero Honda, is an Indian motorcycle and scooter manufacturer based in New Delhi, India. The company is the largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India where it has a share of about 46% in the two-wheeler category. The 2006 Forbes list of the 200 Worlds Most Respected Companies has Hero Honda Motors ranked at #108, on 31 March 2013, the market capitalisation of the company was ₹308 billion. Hero Honda started its operations in 1984 as a joint venture between Hero Cycles of India and Honda of Japan, in 2010, when Honda decided to move out of the joint venture, Hero Group bought the shares held by Honda. Subsequently, in August 2011 the company was renamed Hero MotoCorp with a new corporate identity, in June 2012, Hero MotoCorp approved a proposal to merge the investment arm of its parent Hero Investment Pvt. Ltd. with the automaker. This decision came 18 months after its split from Hero Honda, Hero is the brand name used by the Munjal brothers for their flagship company, Hero Cycles Ltd. A joint venture between the Hero Group and Honda Motor Company was established in 1984 as the Hero Honda Motors Limited at Dharuhera, Munjal family and Honda group both owned 26% stake in the Company. During the 1980s, the company introduced motorcycles that were popular in India for their fuel economy, a popular advertising campaign based on the slogan Fill it – Shut it – Forget it that emphasised the motorcycles fuel efficiency helped the company grow at a double-digit pace since inception. In 2001, the became the largest two-wheeler manufacturing company in India. It maintains global industry leadership to date, the technology in the bikes of Hero Motocorp for almost 26 years has come from the Japanese counterpart Honda. By December 2010, the board of directors of the Hero Honda Group had decided to terminate the joint venture between Hero Group of India and Honda of Japan in a phased manner, the Hero Group would buy out the 26% stake of the Honda in JV Hero Honda. Under the joint venture Hero Group could not export to international markets, since the beginning, the Hero Group relied on their Japanese partner Honda for the technology in their bikes. Now there are concerns that the Hero Group might not be able to sustain the performance of the joint venture by itself. The Japanese auto maker will exit the joint venture through a series of transactions by giving the Munjal family—which held a 26% stake in the company—an additional 26%. Honda, which also has an independent fully owned two-wheeler subsidiary—Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India —will exit Hero Honda at a discount and get over $1 billion for its stake. The discount will be between 30% and 50% to the current value of Hondas stake as per the price of the stock after the market closed on December 16,2010, the rising differences between the two partners gradually emerged as an irritant. Another major irritant for Honda was the refusal of Hero Honda to merge the companys spare parts business with Hondas new fully owned subsidiary Honda Motorcycle, as per the arrangement, it will be a two-leg deal. This SPV would eventually be open for private equity participation, and those in the fray include Warburg Pincus, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts, TPG, Bain Capital
16.
Bajaj Auto
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Bajaj Auto Limited is an Indian two-wheeler and three-wheeler manufacturing company. Bajaj Auto manufactures and sells motorcycles, scooters and auto rickshaws, Bajaj Auto is a part of the Bajaj Group. It was founded by Jamnalal Bajaj in Rajasthan in the 1940s and it is based in Pune, Mumbai, with plants in Chakan, Waluj and Pantnagar in Uttarakhand. The oldest plant at Akurdi now houses the R&D centre Ahead, Bajaj Auto is the worlds sixth-largest manufacturer of motorcycles and the second-largest in India. It is the worlds largest three-wheeler manufacturer, on May 2015, its market capitalisation was ₹640 billion, making it Indias 23rd largest publicly traded company by market value. The Forbes Global 2000 list for the year 2012 ranked Bajaj Auto at 1,416, Bajaj Auto came into existence on 29 November 1944 as M/s Bachraj Trading Corporation Private Limited. It started off by selling imported two- and three-wheelers in India, in 1959, it obtained a licence from the Government of India to manufacture two-wheelers and three-wheelers and it became a public limited company in 1960. In 1970, it rolled out its 100, 000th vehicle, in 1977, it sold 100,000 vehicles in a financial year. In 1985, it started producing at Waluj near Aurangabad, in 1986, it sold 500,000 vehicles in a financial year. In 1995, it rolled out its ten millionth vehicle and produced, with the launch of motorcycles in 1986, the company has changed its image from a scooter manufacturer to a two-wheeler manufacturer. Bajaj manufactures and sells motorcycles, scooters, auto-rickshaws and most recently, Bajaj Auto is Indias largest exporter of motorcycles and three-wheelers. Bajaj Autos exports accounted for approx, 47% of its exports are made to Africa. Boxer motorcycle is the largest selling brand in Africa. In FY 2012-13, it sold approximately 3.76 million motorcycles which accounted for 31% of the share in India. Of these, approximately 2.46 million motorcycles were sold in India, RE Compact RE Compact 4S RE Optima RE Maxima It is the worlds largest manufacturer of 3-wheelers and accounts for almost 84% of Indias three-wheeler exports. During the FY 2012-13, it sold approx,480,000 three-wheelers which was 57% of the total market share in India. Out of these 480,000 three-wheelers, 53% were exported, on 3 January 2012, Bajaj auto unveiled the Bajaj RE60, a mini car for intra-city urban transportation. The target customer group will be Bajajs three-wheeler customers, germanys Daimler-Benz, a long-time collaborator with Firodia because of their ownership of the original Tempo works in Germany, owned 16% of Bajaj Tempo
17.
Royal Enfield (India)
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Royal Enfield is an Indian motorcycle manufacturing company with factories in Chennai, India. Originally a British motorcycle company, Royal Enfield and indigenous Madras Motors, it is now a subsidiary of Eicher Motors Limited, the company makes the Royal Enfield Bullet, and other single-cylinder motorcycles. Established in 1893, Royal Enfield is among the oldest motorcycle companies, the Indian government looked for a suitable motorcycle for its police and army, for patrolling the countrys border. The Royal Enfield Bullet was chosen as the most suitable bike for the job, the Indian government ordered 800350 cc model Bullets. In 1955, the Redditch company partnered with Madras Motors in India to form Enfield India to assemble, under licence, the tooling was sold to Enfield India so that they could manufacture components. By 1962, all components were made in India, the Indian Enfield uses the 1960 engine, Royal Enfield still makes an essentially similar bike in the 350 cc and 500 cc models, along with several different models for different market segments. Royal Enfield was a brand of the Enfield Cycle Company, a British manufacturing firm and it started in India for the Indian Army 350 cc bikes were imported in kits from the UK and assembled in Chennai. After a few years, the company started producing the 500 cc Bullet, in 1990, Royal Enfield collaborated with the Eicher Group, an automotive company in India, and merged with it in 1994. Apart from bikes, Eicher Group is involved in the production and sales of tractors, commercial vehicles, the original factory at Tiruvottiyur became secondary, and continues to produce engines and some motorcycle models. In 2014 Royal Enfield appointed Pierre Terblanche as the head of new product design, in January 2015, the company announced the appointment of Rudratej ‘Rudy’ Singh as President of Royal Enfield. Singh was previously a Vice President of Unilever in Singapore, Royal Enfield currently sells motorcycles in more than 50 countries. Royal Enfield surpassed Harley-Davidson in global sales in 2015, and received an acknowledgment from US President Barack Obama as the guest of honor at the 2015 Delhi Republic Day parade. I saw the Republic Day daredevils on Royal Enfield motorcycles, Obama said, adding that the service doesnt let me ride motorcycles. He again acknowledged the Border Security Force riders later in the day, saying I would, by the way, the dealership will be Royal Enfields first company-owned store in the U. S. according to Rod Copes, president of Royal Enfield North America. The company wants to establish about 100 dealerships in American cities starting with Milwaukee, I live here, so I am biased. But in my mind, Milwaukee is kind of the center of motorcycling in the United States, said Copes and we view this as kind of our first flagship dealership, he added. From April to September,2015, Royal Enfields domestic sales were 50% higher than the previous year, production resumed at 50% capacity on 7 December and operations at both plants were back to normal on 14 December. List of Royal Enfield motorcycles Gregson, Jonathan, Bullet up the Grand Trunk Road
18.
Auto show
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An auto show, also known as a motor show or car show, is a public exhibition of current automobile models, debuts, concept cars, or out-of-production classics. It is attended by industry representatives, dealers, auto journalists. Most auto shows occur once or twice a year and they are important to car manufacturers and local dealers as a public relations exercise, as they advertise new products and promote auto brands. The five most prestigious auto shows, sometimes called the Big Five, are considered to be held in Frankfurt, Geneva, Detroit, Paris. There are other auto/car shows that occur on a frequent basis. It is not known if there is an accepted term for these more frequent. Some meeting events have themes, such as cars, hot rods. These events are localized, typically consisting of car enthusiasts who meet to socialize. The Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs dAutomobiles organizes many auto shows and they are distinguishable from car shows in that auto shows typically showcase new or concept vehicles whereas car shows showcase custom, classic, or exotic cars. They also distinguish in that shows are almost always a major professional event whereas car shows can be either professional or amateur. Auto shows always charge for admission whereas many cities have local, Auto racing Green vehicle Premiere Show car International Organisation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Auto-fairs. com – International show calendar Auto Show Listings
19.
Delhi
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Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi or NCT, is a city and a union territory of India. It is bordered by Haryana on three sides and by Uttar Pradesh to the east, the NCT covers an area of 1,484 square kilometres. According to 2011 census, Delhis city population was about 11 million, Delhis urban area is now considered to extend beyond the NCT boundary to include an estimated population of over 26 million people making it the worlds second largest urban area. As of 2016 recent estimates of the economy of its urban area have ranked Delhi either the top or second most productive metro area of India. Delhi is the second wealthiest city after Mumbai in India, with a wealth of $450 billion. Delhi has been inhabited since the 6th century BC. Through most of its history, Delhi has served as a capital of various kingdoms and it has been captured, ransacked and rebuilt several times, particularly during the medieval period, and modern Delhi is a cluster of a number of cities spread across the metropolitan region. New Delhi is jointly administered by the government of India and the local government of Delhi. Delhi is also the centre of the National Capital Region, which is a unique interstate regional planning area created by the National Capital Region Planning Board Act of 1985, Delhi ranks among the cities with the worst air pollution in the world. There are a number of myths and legends associated with the origin of the name Delhi, one of them is derived from Dhillu or Dilu, a king who built a city at this location in 50 BC and named it after himself. The coins in circulation in the region under the Tomaras were called dehliwal, according to the Bhavishya Purana, King Prithiviraja of Indraprastha built a new fort in the modern-day Purana Qila area for the convenience of all four castes in his kingdom. He ordered the construction of a gateway to the fort and later named the fort dehali, another theory suggests that the citys original name was Dhillika. The people of Delhi are referred to as Delhiites or Dilliwalas, the city is referenced in various idioms of the Northern Indo-Aryan languages. Dilli dilwalon ka shehr or Dilli Dilwalon ki meaning Delhi belongs to the large-hearted/daring, aas-paas barse, Dilli pani tarse, literally meaning it pours all around, while Delhi lies parched. An allusion to the sometimes semi-arid climate of Delhi, it refers to situations of deprivation when one is surrounded by plenty. The area around Delhi was probably inhabited before the second millennium BC, the city is believed to be the site of Indraprastha, the legendary capital of the Pandavas in the Indian epic Mahabharata. According to Mahabharata, this land was initially a huge mass of forests called Khandavaprastha which was burnt down to build the city of Indraprastha, the earliest architectural relics date back to the Maurya period, in 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka was discovered near Srinivaspuri. Remains of eight cities have been discovered in Delhi
20.
Abarth
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S. p. A. is a racing car and road car maker founded by Italo-Austrian Carlo Abarth in 1949. Its logo is a shield with a scorpion on a red. S. p. A. is an owned subsidiary of FCA Italy S. p. A. the subsidiary of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles controlling its European automotive production activities. Carlo Abarth was sporting director of the Cisitalia factory racing team starting in 1947,1948 saw the financial downfall of Cisitalia, spurred by the investments needed to put the 202 coupé into production. The following year the manufacturer folded, and founder Piero Dusio flew to Argentina, Carlo Abarth, funded by Armando Scagliarini, took over Cisitalias assets and on 31 March 1949 Abarth & C. was founded in Bologna. Carlos astrological sign, Scorpio, was chosen as the company logo, from the Cisitalia liquidation Abarth obtained five 204 sports cars, a D46 single seater and various spares. The 204s were immediately rechristened Abarth 204 A. Abarth built, in addition to Guido Scagliarini, the «Squadra Abarth» racing team lined up celebrated drivers such as Tazio Nuvolari, Franco Cortese and Piero Taruffi. Notably Tazio Nuvolari made his last appearance in racing at the wheel of an Abarth 204 A, alongside racing, the companys main activity was producing and selling accessories and performance parts for Fiat, Lancia, Cisitalia and Simca cars, like inlet manifolds and silencers. On 9 April 1951 the companys headquarters were moved to Turin, Abarth began his association with Fiat in 1952. In the 1960s, Abarth was successful in hillclimbing and sports car racing, mainly in classes from 850cc to 2000cc, competing with Porsche 904, hans Herrmann was a factory driver from 1962 until 1965, winning the 500 km Nürburgring in 1963 with Teddy Pilette. Abarth promised Johann Abt that he could race a car for free if he won all the races he entered. Abt almost succeeded, of the 30 races he entered, Abt won 29, Abarth produced high-performance exhaust pipes, diversifying into tuning kits for road vehicles, mainly for Fiat. A racing exhaust was produced for the 1950s Lambretta models D, original Abarth LD exhausts are now valuable collectors items. Reproductions are available which carry the Abarth name, how Fiat feels about this is not known, Lambretta even held several 125cc Motorcycle land speed records during the 1950s thanks partly to the exhaust that Abarth developed for them. Abarth also helped build sports or racing cars with Porsche and Simca, Carlo sold Abarth to Fiat on 31 July 1971. The acquisition was made public by Fiat with a press release on 15 October. As Fiat was not interested in the Reparto Corse racing operations, Osella obtained cars, spares, technicians and drivers, and continued the racing activity founding the Osella racing team. Thus ended for Abarth the days of sport prototype and hill climb racing, under Fiat ownership, Abarth became the Fiat Groups racing department, managed by engine designer Aurelio Lampredi
21.
Ashok Leyland
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Ashok Leyland is an Indian automobile manufacturing headquartered in Chennai, India. Founded in 1948, it is the 2nd largest commercial vehicle manufacturer in India, 4th largest manufacturer of buses in the world, operating six plants, Ashok Leyland also makes spare parts and engines for industrial and marine applications. It sells about 60,000 vehicles and about 7,000 engines annually and it is the second largest commercial vehicle company in India in the medium and heavy commercial vehicle segment with a market share of 28%. With passenger transportation options ranging from 19 seaters to 80 seaters, the company claims to carry more than 60 million passengers a day, more people than the entire Indian rail network. In the trucks segment Ashok Leyland primarily concentrates on the 16 ton to 25 ton range of trucks, however Ashok Leyland has presence in the entire truck range starting from 7.5 tons to 49 tons. With a joint venture with Nissan Motors of Japan the company made its presence in the Light Commercial Vehicle segment, Ashok Leylands UK subsidiary Optare has shut down its bus factory in Blackburn, Lancashire. This subsidiarys traditional home in Leeds has also been vacated in favour of a purpose built plant at Sherburn-in-Elmet, Ashok Motors was founded in 1948 by Raghunandan Saran, an Indian freedom fighter from Punjab. After Independence, he was persuaded by India’s first Prime Minister Nehru, Ashok Motors was incorporated in 1948 as a company to assemble and manufacture Austin cars from England, and the company was named after the founders only son Ashok Saran. The company had its headquarters in Rajaji Saalai, Chennai with the plant in Ennore, the Company was engaged in assembly and distribution of Austin A40 passenger cars in India. Ashok Leyland then started manufacturing commercial vehicles, under Leylands management with British expatriate and Indian executives the company grew in strength to become one of Indias foremost commercial vehicle manufacturers. Ashok Leyland’s long-term plan to become a player by benchmarking global standards of technology. Access to international technology and a US$200 million investment programme created a manufacturing base to roll out international class products. In 2007, the Hinduja Group also bought out IVECOs indirect stake in Ashok Leyland, the promoter shareholding now stands at 51%. Today the company is the flagship of the Hinduja Group, a British-based, early products included the Leyland Comet bus which was a passenger body built on a truck chassis sold in large numbers to many operators in India. By 1963, the Comet was operated by every State Transport Undertaking in India and it was soon joined in production by a version of the Leyland Tiger. In 1968, production of the Leyland Titan ceased in Britain, the Titan PD3 chassis was modified, and a five speed heavy duty constant-mesh gearbox was used together with the Ashok Leyland version of the O.680 engine. The Ashok Leyland Titan was very successful and continued in production for many years, during early 80s Ashok Leyland entered into a collaboration with Japanese company Hino Motors from whom technology for the H-series engines was sourced. Many indigenous versions of H-series engine were developed with 4 and 6 cylinders and also conforming to BS2 and these engines proved to be extremely popular with the customers primarily for their excellent fuel efficiency
22.
Audi India
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Audi India Pvt Ltd is a division of the German automobile manufacturer Audi and the Volkswagen Group India. It was founded in 2007 with headquarters in Mumbai, Maharashtra, Audi India was established in March 2007 as a division of Volkswagen Group Sales India. Audi is represented in 110 countries worldwide and since 2004, Audi has been selling its products on the Indian market, in March 2007, Audi set up its own sales company for India. By establishing Audi India as a division of Volkswagen Group Sales India Pvt. Ltd. in Mumbai, Audi is making a clear long-term statement in the country with ambitious growths plans. Audi’s goal is to become the leading luxury brand in the Indian market. The Audi India strategy encompasses significant investments in branding, marketing, manufacturing, exclusive dealerships, in 2007, only 2 per cent of the new car buyers in India knew Audi. In 2008, it went up to 13 per cent, audis aggressive promotion, regular discounts and easy financial schemes have formed the backbone of its emerging brand value in India. The cars are sold at low EMI rates with attractive service, in March 2014, Audi India offered discounts of up to 0.85 million rupees on selected models. Audi A5 Audi India currently has 40 dealerships in 11 states and 2 union territories of India, currently,96 per cent of our sales are assembled in India. This helps us in offering products at a competitive prices, because of this, we have been able to capture a market share of 34 per cent in the luxury segment and we will maintain this in future, King said. The market share that the company enjoys in India is the highest for Audi across all its operations in the world, BMW India Porsche India Mercedes-Benz India Audi India
23.
BMW India
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BMW India is a 100% subsidiary of the BMW Group and is headquartered in Gurgaon. With its three brands, BMW, MINI and Rolls-Royce, the BMW Group has its sight set firmly on the sector of the Indian automobile market. Along with automobiles and motorcycles, the BMW Groups activities in India comprise of financial services for its premium clientele, till date, BMW Group has invested 11.3 billion Indian Rupees in its subsidiaries in India. (BMW India – INR4.9 billion and BMW Financial Services India – INR6.4 billion, BMW Plant Chennai was inaugurated on March 27,2007 by Norbert Reithofer, chairman of BMW AG. This plant produces the BMW1 Series, BMW3 Series, the BMW3 Series Gran Turismo, the BMW5 Series, the BMW7 Series, the BMW X1, the BMW X3, the BMW X5 and the MINI Countryman. The factory has the capacity to manufacture 11,000 units per year on a shift basis. India is the 100th market in the global MINI sales network and has become significant for the BMW Group since establishing its presence in India in 2007. The Hatch and Convertible models are imported to India as Completely Built-up Units in petrol variants, BMW shows mirrorless camera technology in their latest car launch. MINI Hatch MINI Convertible Countryman BMW Financial Services India is a 100% subsidiary of the BMW Group and is headquartered in Gurgaon, BMW Financial Services India operates with three business lines, Retail Finance, Commercial Finance and Insurance Solutions. The services offered through BMW Financial Services India are significantly valuable to the premium clientele who require exclusive, service excellence is the primary focus of operations across all business lines. Commercial finance solutions offered to BMW India dealerships further strengthen operations in the country, BMW Financial Services India also offers BMW Lease for individuals and corporate customers. BMW Financial Services India offers insurance solutions to its customers through its partner in India. The IPO strongly focuses on increasing the sourcing of material as well as IT
24.
Chevrolet
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Chevrolet, colloquially referred to as Chevy and formally the Chevrolet Division of General Motors Company, is an American automobile division of the American manufacturer General Motors. Louis Chevrolet and ousted General Motors founder William C. Durant started the company on November 3,1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company. Durant used the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a stake in General Motors with a reverse merger occurring on May 2,1918. Chevrolet-branded vehicles are sold in most automotive markets worldwide, with the exception of Oceania. However, GM reversed this move in late 2013, announcing that the brand would be withdrawn from Europe, with the exception of the Camaro, Chevrolet vehicles will continue to be marketed in the CIS states, including Russia. After General Motors fully acquired GM Daewoo in 2011 to create GM Korea, in North America, Chevrolet produces and sells a wide range of vehicles, from subcompact automobiles to medium-duty commercial trucks. Durant was cast out from the management of General Motors in 1910 for five years and he took over the Flint Wagon Works, incorporating the Mason and Little companies. As head of Buick Motor Company prior to founding GM, Durant had hired Louis Chevrolet to drive Buicks in promotional races, Durant planned to use Chevrolets reputation as a racer as the foundation for his new automobile company. Actual design work for the first Chevy, the costly Series C Classic Six, was drawn up by Etienne Planche, the first C prototype was ready months before Chevrolet was actually incorporated. However the first actual production wasnt until the 1913 model, so in essence there were no 1911 or 1912 production models, only the 1 pre-production model was made and fine tuned throughout the early part of 1912. Then in the fall of that year the new 1913 model was introduced at the New York auto show, Chevrolet first used the bowtie emblem logo in 1914 on the H series models and The L Series Model. It may have been designed from wallpaper Durant once saw in a French hotel room, more recent research by historian Ken Kaufmann presents a case that the logo is based on a logo of the Coalettes coal company. An example of this logo as it appeared in an advertisement for Coalettes appeared in the Atlanta Constitution on November 12,1911, others claim that the design was a stylized Swiss cross, in tribute to the homeland of Chevrolets parents. Chevrolet eventually unified all vehicle models with the gold bowtie in 2004, Louis Chevrolet had differences with Durant over design and in 1914 sold Durant his share in the company. By 1916, Chevrolet was profitable enough with successful sales of the cheaper Series 490 to allow Durant to repurchase a controlling interest in General Motors. After the deal was completed in 1917, Durant became president of General Motors, in 1919, Chevrolets factories were located at Flint, Michigan, branch assembly locations were located in Tarrytown, N. Y. Norwood, Ohio, St. Louis, Missouri, Oakland, California, Ft. Worth, Texas, mcLaughlins were given GM Corporation stock for the proprietorship of their Company article Sept.23,1933 Financial Post page 9. In the 1918 model year, Chevrolet introduced the Series D, Sales were poor and it was dropped in 1919
25.
Datsun
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Datsun is an automobile brand owned by Nissan. Datsuns original production run began in 1931, from 1958 to 1986, only vehicles exported by Nissan were identified as Datsun. By 1986 Nissan had phased out the Datsun name, but re-launched it in 2013 as the brand for low-cost vehicles manufactured for emerging markets. In 1931, Dat Motorcar Co. chose to name its new small car Datson, Nissan phased out the Datsun brand in March 1986. The Datsun name is well known for the 510, Fairlady roadsters, the Fairlady coupes, and recently. Before the Datsun brand name came into being, an automobile named the DAT car was built in 1914, by the Kaishinsha Motorcar Works, the new cars name was an acronym of the surnames of the following company partners, Kenjirō Den Rokurō Aoyama Meitarō Takeuchi. Fortuitously, datto means to dash off like a startled rabbit, the firm was renamed Kaishinsha Motorcar Co. in 1918, seven years after their establishment and again, in 1925, to DAT Motorcar Co. DAT Motors constructed trucks in addition to the DAT passenger cars, in fact, their output focused on trucks since there was almost no consumer market for passenger cars at the time. Beginning in 1918, the first DAT trucks were assembled for the military market, the low demand from the military market during the 1920s forced DAT to consider merging with other automotive industries. In 1926 the Tokyo-based DAT Motors merged with the Osaka-based Jitsuyo Jidosha Co. Ltd. also known as Jitsuyo Motors to become DAT Automobile Manufacturing Co. Ltd. in Osaka until 1932. The DAT corporation had been selling full size cars to Japanese consumers under the DAT name since 1914, in 1930, the Japanese government created a ministerial ordinance that allowed cars with engines up to 500 cc to be driven without a license. DAT Automobile Manufacturing began development of a line of 495 cc cars to sell in this new market segment, the name was changed to Datsun two years later in 1933. The first prototype Datson was completed in the summer of 1931, the production vehicle was called the Datson Type 10, and approximately ten of these cars were sold in 1931. They sold around 150 cars in 1932, now calling the model the Datsun Type 11, in 1933, government rules were revised to permit 750 cc engines, and Datsun increased the displacement of their microcar engine to the maximum allowed. These larger displacement cars were called Type 12s, by 1935, the company had established a true production line, following the example of Ford, and were producing a car closely resembling the Austin 7. There is evidence that six of these early Datsuns were exported to New Zealand in 1936, in 1937, Datsuns biggest pre-war year,8593 were built, with some exported to Australia in knock-down form. After Japan went to war with China in 1937, passenger car production was restricted, so by 1938, when the Pacific War ended, Datsun would turn to providing trucks for the Occupation forces. This lasted until car production resumed in 1947, as before the war, Datsun closely patterned their cars on contemporary Austin products, postwar, the Devon and Somerset were selected
26.
Eicher Motors
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Eicher Motors Limited incorporated in 1982, is an Indian automaker company based in Gurgaon, India. Eicher Motors Limited owns Royal Enfield, Eicher Motors is a commercial vehicle manufacturer in India. The companys origins date back to 1948, when Goodearth Company was established for the distribution, in 1959 the Eicher Tractor Corporation of India Private Ltd was established, jointly with the Eicher tractor company, a German tractor manufacturer. Since 1965 Eicher in India has been owned by Indian shareholders. The German Eicher tractor was partly owned by Massey-Ferguson from 1970, Massey-Ferguson bought out the German company in 1973. In 2005 Eicher Motors Ltd sold their tractors and engines business to TAFE Tractors of Chennai, lCVs were sold under the Eicher Mitsubishi brand. In February 1990, Eicher Goodearth bought 26% stake in Enfield India Ltd, in July 2008, EML and Volvo Groups 50,50 joint venture VE Commercial Vehicles designs, manufactures and markets commercial vehicles, engineering components and provides engineering design. The Eicher Group has diversified interests in design and development, manufacturing, and local and international marketing of trucks, buses, motorcycles, automotive gears. Eicher has invested in the growth areas of management consultancy services, customised engineering. VE Commercial Vehicles Limited is a 50,50 joint venture between the Volvo Group and Eicher Motors Limited, Eicher Trucks Eicher Polaris Multix Royal Enfield Resolved tyre wear issue Eicher Group Official website
27.
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles
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Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV, also known as FCA, is an Italian-controlled multinational corporation incorporated in the Netherlands. And currently the world’s seventh-largest auto maker, the group was established in late 2014 by merging Fiat S. p. A. into a new holding company, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N. V. which is incorporated in the Netherlands for tax purposes. The holding company is listed on the New York Stock Exchange, exor S. p. A, an Italian investment group owned by the Agnelli family, owns 29. 19% of FCA and controls 44. 31% through a loyalty voting mechanism. FCA’s mass-market brands operates through two main subsidiaries, FCA Italy and FCA US, the company’s portfolio includes many well-known automotive names including Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Dodge, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Jeep, Lancia, Ram Trucks, Abarth, Mopar and SRT. FCA also owns Maserati, Comau, Magneti Marelli, and Teksid, today FCA operates in four regions. The CEO and executive management including twenty-two employees work between Auburn Hills, Michigan and Turin, Italy, FCA carries out its mass-market automotive operations through two main subsidiaries, FCA Italy and FCA US. Both name changes were announced in December 2014, FCA Italy includes the Italian-based brands that include Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Fiat, Fiat Professional, Lancia and the engine manufacturing subsidiary VM Motori. FCA US includes the American-based brands that include Chrysler, Dodge, Jeep, other companies include luxury car and components manufacturers as well as firms working on production automation and metal foundry. Other joint ventures and subsidiaries are undertaken via the FCA Italy, FCA also operates in the print media and advertising fields through its Italiana Editrice subsidiary and an interest in RCS Media Group. In January 2016, Ferrari became an independent company, after FCA listed 10% of the company on the NYSE in October 2015, the integration between Fiat and Chrysler dates back to 2009 after Chrysler filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy reorganization on 30 April 2009. On 10 June 2009, Chrysler emerged from the proceedings with the United Auto Workers pension fund, Fiat. Overall, to acquire Chrysler cost Fiat US$4.9 billion, on 29 January 2014 Fiat announced a reorganization and intended merger into a new holding company. Fiat S. p. A. merged into FCA on 12 October 2014 following approval of the board on 15 June 2014, on 29 October 2014 the group announced the intention to separate Ferrari S. p. A. from FCA. The transaction was completed on 3 January 2016, on July 14,2015, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles NV chief executive Sergio Marchionne and Dennis Williams, President of the United Auto Workers entered into negotiations on July 14,2015. As negotiations between the UAW and Detroit Three automakers began, Marchionne leaned in to embrace Williams in a hug seen round the world, on May 6,2014, Fiat Chrysler Automobiles announced its 5-year business plan. The Group updated its business plan targets in January 2016 at the time FY2015 were announced, much of the global growth will be focused around Jeep, due to its high visibility globally as well as the growing SUV market in developing markets. Chrysler will be re-positioned as the companys mainstream North American brand to compete with Ford, Chevrolet, Toyota, and Volkswagen, while Dodge will focus on performance-based vehicles. Alfa Romeo will become the premium marque to compete with Mercedes-Benz, BMW
28.
Force Motors
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Force Motors Limited is the flagship company of the Dr. Abhay Firodia Group of companies, one of India’s pioneering industrial houses focusing exclusively in the automotive domain. The company, a pioneer of the LCV Industry has given India iconic brands like the Tempo, Matador, Minidor, Force Motors is India’s largest van maker and enjoys market leadership position. Force Motors ranks 327th amongst India’s Fortune 500 Companies and this rank is an upward jump from 395th position last year. The Group companies, led by Chairman Dr, the foundation of the Group was laid by Late Shri N. K. Firodia - freedom fighter and pioneering industrialist. He gave India two paradigms – the concept of ‘low cost public transport’ - the Auto rickshaw, the Tempo Matador was the first diesel light commercial vehicle in India. The word Tempo is now generic for any small goods carrier in India, the company started production of the HANSEAT 3-Wheelers in collaboration with Vidal & Sohn Tempo Werke Germany in 1958. In 1987, Force Motors set up a new plant at Pithampur in Madhya Pradesh and this plant was designed and built to the specification of Daimler-Benz. Till date, Force Motors has supplied over 60,000 engines and 50,000 axles, in the year 2003, Force Motors signed technology sourcing agreements with MAN for which payments were made upfront. On completion of the localization of the technology and with the request from MAN. Ltd to manufacture the full range of HCVs from 16t GVW to 49t GCW, in 2012, Force Motors launched the world’s largest monocoque panel van that can seat 26 persons. It is entirely tooled and designed by the R&D team in Force Motors and it is the only vehicle in this class that has disk brakes on all four wheels and also comes with advanced safety features like ABS and EBD. This plant can produce up to 20,000 premium engines per year, the IT system of the production facility is integrated in “Real Time” with the global production network of BMW. This enables all essential production process values to be integrated in BMW’s global data, carrying forward the 45 year long tradition of cooperation between Force Motors and Mercedes Benz, a state-of-the-art plant was inaugurated at Chakan, Pune in June 2016. This facility assembles and tests engines for all Mercedes Cars and SUVs made in India, the new plant has a current annual capacity of 20,000 engines and 20,000 front and rear axles. Both the facilities are developed under supervision and guidance from the car makers and are according to their exacting global standards. Today, Force Motors is the company in the world that produces. Force Motors has a nationwide dealer presence to serve customers across the country, the company also exports its complete range of world class products to various countries in Africa, Latin America, SAARC and ASEAN countries, Gulf and Germany. Force Motors manufactures a range of vehicles including Small Commercial Vehicles, Light Commercial Vehicles, Multi Utility Vehicles, Special Cross Country Vehicles, Light Commercial vehicles Traveller range of vehicles The Traveller is the flagship product of Force Motors
29.
Ford India Private Limited
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Ford India Private Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Ford Motor Company in India. Ford India Private Limiteds headquarters are in Maraimalai Nagar, Chennai and it currently is the sixth largest car maker in India after Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, Tata, Mahindra. Ford India Private Limited began production in 1926 as a subsidiary of the Ford Motor Company of Canada, Ford re-entered the market in October 1995 as Mahindra Ford India Limited, a 50-50 joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra Limited. Ford increased its interest to 72% in March 1998 and renamed the company Ford India Private Limited, the total investments made by Ford Motor Company since it set shop in 1995 stands at $2 billion as of April 2012. In 2010-11, the companys production crossed the 100,000 mark, the engine plant opened for operations in January 2010. To meet the domestic demand and with an eye on engine exports. The company is rolling out the urban SUV Ford EcoSport in June 2013 and it had announced a $142-million investment on this. With Ford EcoSport, the Chennai plant will ramp up to full capacity, last year, production touched 127,000 units. As part of its plan to launch 8 new vehicles by 2015, the plant is coming up on 460 acre site. It will have an installed capacity to manufacture 270,000 engines and 240,000 vehicles a year. Coming up alongside the plant is the park spread across 150 acres. The plant is expected to commence production by 2014, once the Sanand plant is fully operational, Ford India will have a cumulative capacity to make 440,000 cars and 610,000 engines annually. Ford Mustang Built in the USA, Ford Figo Aspire Built in India. Ford Ikon Ford Escort Ford Mondeo Ford Fusion Ford Endeavour Ford Classic Ford Fiesta Ford Figo Presently, Ford has more than 376 sales and service outlets in 209 cities across India. In the year 2010, FIPL recorded sales of 83,887 vehicles against 29,488 vehicles sold during the year 2009, Ford India’s CSR activities are focused primarily in four key areas, road safety, education, healthcare, and environment. Ford India Private Limited Ford Motor Company
30.
Fiat India Automobiles
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FCA India Automobiles Private Limited formerly known as Fiat Group Automobiles India Private Limited was formed in the year 2012 as a fully owned direct subsidiary of FCA Spa Italy. It is the ninth largest Indian car manufacturer by sales in India, Fiat brand in India was earlier represented through a Joint Venture company called Fiat India Automobiles Pvt Ltd. The board of directors for this company comprises five nominees each from Fiat, even today the Tata Fiat JV plant operates under the FIAL name, as an independent entity and it produces Fiat & Tata brand cars for FCAIPL & Tata Motors respectively. The company presently employs about 2600 employees and it also undertakes contract manufacturing of engines for Maruti Suzuki India Ltd & Premier Automobiles. Prior to this, Fiat used to sell the 1100,124 and Uno in India, fIat has a manufacturing plant at Ranjangaon, Maharashtra, which has an installed capacity to produce 135,000 cars and engines, besides aggregates and components. The company plans to double the capacity for both car units and engines in the next few years. The car plant manufactures both Fiat and Tata cars, the latest additions in 2014 are the Fiat Linea facelift, Fiat Punto Evo, Tata Zest and Fiat Avventura. Engine manufacturing at Ranjangaon plant was the 1.2 litre Fire petrol, the 1.4 litre Fire naturally aspired and T-Jet turbocharged version and the small 1.3 litre Multijet diesel. In 2017 FCA planned to start production of the right hand drive version of the new Jeep Compass to launch in April 2017 under 16 Lakhs and it plans to sell 130,000 cars annually in India by 2014. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles Automobile industry in India Fiat India Automobiles Limited Fiat Automobiles S. p. A
31.
General Motors India
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General Motors India Private Limited is a partnership between General Motors and SAIC that is engaged in the automobile business in India. General Motors has 93% stake in this partnership and the remaining 7% is held by SAIC, General Motors began doing business in India in 1928, assembling Chevrolet cars, trucks and buses, but ceased its assembly operations in 1954. GM continued with tie-ups with Hindustan Motors to build Bedford trucks, Vauxhall cars, Allison Transmissions, in 1994 GMIPL was formed as a joint venture, owned 50 percent by Hindustan Motors and 50 percent by General Motors, to produce and sell Opel branded vehicles. GM bought out the Hindustan Motors interest in 1999, GMIPL continued to produce Opel cars at the Halol facility until 2003, when it started production of Chevrolet vehicles at that location. In 2000, GMIPL moved its headquarters to Gurgaon, in 2003, the company opened its technical center operations in Bangalore, which included research and development and vehicle engineering activities. GMIPL began construction of a vehicle assembly plant in Talegaon in 2006. In October 2012, General Motors-Chevrolet announced that it has increased stake in its Indian subsidiary to 93% by buying 43% from its Chinese partner SAIC for an undisclosed sum. GMIPL operates vehicle manufacturing plants in Halol, Gujarat and Talegaon Dabhade, Maharashtra, It maintains headquarters in Halol and Gurgaon and its Halol and Talegaon Dabhade manufacturing plants have a combined production capacity of 225,000 vehicles annually. Like most other companies in India, GMIPL appoints independently owned dealers to sell, service. As of August 2008, managed the Chevrolet dealership network from its headquarters in Gurgaon, GMIPL also sells parts and services to independent vehicle maintenance providers under the AC Delco brand. GM Indias sales declined to 6079 units in May 2012, while the figure last year same month was 8329 units, in July 2013, GM India announced a recall of 114,000 units of the Tavera. After the recall, an internal probe revealed that GM India were violating Indian testing norms, according to the internal probe, some GM India employees were putting tuned higher emission engines which had already failed tests. 25 Employees were fired following the incident and GM India would also have to pay a ₹23 million fine
32.
Hindustan Petroleum
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Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited is an Indian state-owned oil and natural gas company with its headquarters at Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has about 25% marketing share in India among PSUs and a strong marketing infrastructure, the Government of India owns 51. 11% shares in HPCL and others are distributed amongst financial institutes, public and other investors. The company is ranked 367th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the worlds biggest corporations as of 2016, HPCL was incorporated in 1974 after the takeover and merger of erstwhile Esso Standard and Lube India Limited by the Esso Act 1974. Caltex Oil Refining Ltd. was taken over by the Government of India in 1976, kosan Gas Company was merged with HPCL in 1979 by the Kosangas Company Acquisition Act,1979. As counsel for the CPIL, Rajinder Sachar and Prashant Bhushan said that the way to disinvest in the companies would be to repeal or amend the Acts by which they were nationalised in the 1970s. As a result, the government would need a majority in both houses to push through any privatisation, HPCL has been steadily growing over the years. The refining capacity increased from 5.5 million metric tonnes in 1984/85 to 14.80 million metric tonnes as of March 2013. On the financial front, the net income form sales/operations grew from IN ₹2687 crores in 1984-85 to IN ₹2,06,529 crores in financial year 2012-13, during FY 2013-14, its net profit was IN ₹1740 crores. HPCL holds an equity stake of 16. 95% in Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited, another refinery of 9 MMTPA has signed a memorandum of understanding with the Government of Rajasthan for setting up a refinery near Barmer. It would be operated under a joint venture company called HPCL-Rajasthan Refinery Limited, HPCL also owns and operates the largest lubricant refinery in India producing lube base oils of international standards, with a capacity of 335 TMT. This refinery accounts for over 40% of Indias total lube base oil production, presently HPCL produces over 300+ grades of lubes, specialities and greases. HPCL has state-of-the-art information technology infrastructure to support its core business, the data center is at Hitech city in Hyderabad. Petrol is known as spirit in the oil Industry. HPCL markets the product through its retail pumps all over India and its principle consumers are personal vehicle owners. Diesel is known as high speed diesel in the oil industry, HPCL markets the products through its retail pumps as well as terminals and depots. Its consumers are regular auto owners, transport agencies, industries, lubricants, HPCL is the market leader in lubricants and associated products. It commands over 30% of market share in this sector, the popular brands of HP lubes are Laal Ghoda, HP Milcy, Thanda Raja, Koolgard, Racer4. Liquified petroleum gas, The HPCL brand of LPG is a brand across India for domestic
33.
Honda Cars India
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Honda Cars India Ltd is a subsidiary of Honda of Japan for the production, marketing and export of passenger cars in India. Formerly known as Honda Siel Cars India Ltd, it began operations in 1995 as a joint venture between Honda Motor Company and Usha International of Siddharth Shriram Group. In August,2012, Honda bought out Usha Internationals entire 3.16 percent stake for ₹1.8 billion in the joint venture, the company officially changed its name to Honda Cars India Ltd and became a 100% subsidiary of Honda. It operates production facilities at Greater Noida in Uttar Pradesh and at Bhiwadi in Rajasthan, the companys total investment in its production facilities in India as of 2010 was over ₹16.2 billion. HCILs first manufacturing unit at Greater Noida began operations in 1997, set up at an initial investment of over ₹4.5 billion, the plant is spread over 150 acres. The initial capacity of the plant was 30,000 cars per year, the capacity has further been enhanced to 100,000 units annually as of 2008. This expansion led to an increase in the area in the plant from 107,000 square metres to over 130,000 m2. Honda set up its plant in India at Tapukara in Alwar District of Rajasthan. It operates under the ISO9001 standard for quality management and ISO14001 for environment management. It sold 189,062 units during the period between April 2014 and March 2015 as against 1,34,399 units during the period a year ago. Honda, the Japanese carmaker, launched a new compact SUV on the Jazz platform called WRV in March 2017
34.
Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India
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Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India, Private Limited is the wholly owned Indian subsidiary of Honda Motor Company, Limited, Japan. Founded in 1999, it was the fourth Honda automotive venture in India, after Kinetic Honda Motor Ltd, since its establishment in 1999 at Manesar, District Gurgaon, Haryana. Currently HMSI has four manufacturing locations at Manesar in Haryana, Tapukara in Rajasthan, Narsapura in Karnataka and its facility in Narsapura is the largest amongst its four locations and has a capacity of 6600 vehicles per day. HMSI plans to use the PDCA cycle for its management system. HMSI official website Longer report on HMSI workers struggle and state repression in Gurgaon Workers News No.7 Hondas Current and Discontinued Bike Models List
35.
Hyundai Motor India Limited
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Hyundai Motor India Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Hyundai Motor Company in India. It is the second largest automobile manufacturer in India, Hyundai Motor India Limited was formed on 6 May 1996 by the Hyundai Motor Company of South Korea. When Hyundai Motor Company entered the Indian Automobile Market in 1996 the Hyundai brand was almost unknown throughout India, during the entry of Hyundai in 1996, there were only five major automobile manufacturers in India, i. e. Maruti, Hindustan, Premier, Tata and Mahindra. Daewoo had entered the Indian automobile market with Cielo just three years back while Ford, Opel and Honda had entered less than a year back, hMILs first car, the Hyundai Santro was launched on 23 September 1998 and was a runaway success. Within a few months of its inception HMIL became the second largest automobile manufacturer, Hyundai Motor India Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Company, South Korea and is the largest passenger car exporter and the second largest car manufacturer in India. HMIL presently markets 10 models - Eon, Grand i10, Xcent, Elite i20, i20 Active, Verna, Elantra, Creta, Tucson, HMC has set up a research and development facility in the cyber city of Hyderabad. As HMC’s global export hub for cars, HMIL is the first automotive company in India to achieve the export of 10 lakh cars in just over a decade. HMIL currently exports cars to more than 87 countries across EU, Africa, Middle East, Latin America and it has been the number one exporter of passenger cars of the country for the eighth year in a row. To support its growth and expansion plans, HMIL currently has 475 strong dealer network and more than 1,226 strong service points across India, which will see further expansion in 2017. In July 2012, Arvind Saxena, the Director of Marketing, current Production Capacity with these 2 plants in Kancheepuram increased to 7,00,000 cars per year. Hyundai Motor India Engineering is an owned subsidiary of Hyundai Motor Company, South Korea. Hyundai Motors other overseas R&D centres are located in the United States, Germany, Japan, Korea, HMIL also operates its own dealerships known as Hyundai Motor Plazas in large metros across India. HMIL has the second largest sales and service network in India after Maruti Suzuki, HMIL currently exports vehicles to over 92 countries across Africa, Middle East, Latin America, Australia and Asia. It has been India’s number one exporter for the last 10 years consecutively, HMIL has been consecutively awared Top Exporter Of The Year for 10 years by EEPC. The Highest Exported volume was 2,70,017 in year 2009. Hyundai Motor India Ltd, the second largest car manufacturer. The domestic sales accounted for 32,102 units and exports stood at 24,754 units, Sales 476000 in 2015 domestic sales 17. 1% market share. In 2016 It sold 30K units more thereby hitting the 5 lakh mark, hence domestic sales stood at 500537 which is an increase by 5. 2% compared to last year, with 17. 13% market share. Back in 1998, SRK shot his first TVC for the Hyundai Santro, Hyundai Motor Company Hyundai Kia Automotive Group Automobile industry in India Hyundai Motor India Limited Hyundai history
36.
Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company
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Indian is an American brand of motorcycles originally produced from 1901 to 1953 in Springfield, Massachusetts, United States. Hendee Manufacturing Company initially produced the motorcycles, but the name was changed to the Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company in 1928, the Indian factory team took the first three places in the 1911 Isle of Man Tourist Trophy. During the 1910s, Indian became the largest manufacturer of motorcycles in the world, Indians most popular models were the Scout, made from 1920 to 1946, and the Chief, made from 1922 until 1953, when the Indian Motocycle Manufacturing Company went bankrupt. Various organizations tried to perpetuate the Indian Brand name in subsequent years, in 2011, Polaris Industries purchased Indian Motorcycles and moved operations from North Carolina and merged them into their existing facilities in Minnesota and Iowa. Since August 2013, Polaris has marketed multiple modern Indian motorcycles that reflect Indians traditional styling, the Indian Motocycle Co. was founded as the Hendee Manufacturing Company by George M. Hendee in 1897 to manufacture bicycles. Both Hendee and Hedstrom were former bicycle racers and manufacturers, and they teamed up to produce a motorcycle with a 1.75 bhp, the motorcycle was successful and sales increased dramatically during the next decade. In 1901, a prototype and two units of the diamond framed Indian Single were successfully designed, built and tested. The first Indian motorcycles, having chain drives and streamlined styling, were sold to the public in 1902, in 1903, Indians co-founder and chief engineer Oscar Hedstrom set the world motorcycle speed record of 56 mph. In 1904 the company introduced the red color that would become Indians trademark. Annual production of Indian motorcycles then exceeded 500, rising to a peak of 32,000 in 1913, the engines of the Indian Single were built by the Aurora Firm in Illinois under license from the Hendee Mfg. Co. until 1906. Aurora produced engines under license for Indian from about 1901 to 1907, however they were allowed to sell Indian design engines to third parties. After 1907, Aurora could make its own motorcycles, which it did as Thor. In 1905, Indian built its first V-twin factory racer, in 1907, the company introduced the first street version V-twin and a roadster styled after the factory racer. The roadster can be distinguished from the racers by the presence of twist grip linkages, One of the firms most famous riders was Erwin Cannonball Baker, who set many long-distance records. In 1914, he rode an Indian across America, from San Diego to New York, in a record 11 days,12 hours, bakers mount in subsequent years was the Powerplus, a side-valve V-twin, which was introduced in 1916. Its 61ci,42 degree V-twin engine was powerful and quieter than previous designs. The Powerplus was highly successful, both as a roadster and as the basis for racing bikes and it remained in production with few changes until 1924. Competition success played a big part in Indians rapid growth and spurred technical innovation as well, One of the American firms best early results came in the Isle of Man TT in 1911, when Indian riders Oliver Cyril Godfrey, Franklin and Moorehouse finished first, second and third
37.
Isuzu Motors India
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Isuzu Motors India Private Limited is a subsidiary of Isuzu Motors Limited, Japan was established in August 2012 in India having its headquarters in Chennai. Isuzu Motors India currently sells its range of ISUZU D-MAX pick-up trucks, Isuzu also sells the MU-7, a large sized Sports Utility Vehicle in manual and automatic transmission variants in India. Both vehicle models are available through Isuzus exclusive dealer outlets, Isuzu Motors India unveiled the ISUZU D-MAX V-Cross, Indias first adventure utility vehicle at the Auto Expo 2016. The V-Cross has been positioned as a lifestyle pick-up and can be registered as a personal vehicle, the V-Cross is expected to be launched in the 2nd half of 2016. The current products are sold through these dedicated Isuzu outlets to cater to the demand for pick-up trucks. Isuzu Motors India has plans to increase its dealer outlets significantly in the future, Isuzu Motors India recently signed a MoU with the Andhra Pradesh Government to facilitate investments by its nominated supplier partners in the state. The company has operations in 25 countries, selling in more than 100 countries worldwide, the company has significant market share in pickups and pickup based derivatives in many markets. The company manufactures and sells over 6 lakh vehicles annually across the world, Isuzu has had a good name in the diesel engine field for long time and had built over 23 million diesels since its predecessor developed Japans first air-cooled automotive diesel engine in 1936. Isuzu Motors India inaugurated its state-of-the-art manufacturing plant at Sri City, the manufacturing plant will have an initial production capacity of 50,000 units and can be scaled up to 120,000 units. The new facility will follow the globally acclaimed ISUZU Manufacturing Management principles, the Chief Minister rolled out the first locally made ISUZU D-MAX V-Cross from the assembly lines on the day of the inauguration. Since its inception in 1916, the company - Tokyo Ishikawajima Shipbuilding and Engineering Co, ltd, has been in the field of manufacturing automobiles. Over the years, the company had crossed many milestones in developing automobile and diesel engines with players like Wolseley Motors of England and DAT Automobile Manufacturing Inc. The company later in 1934 named its truck Isuzu which was then altered, since then, the company grew exponentially with introduction of new products and diesel engines for the commercial and passenger vehicle segments, across the globe
38.
Jaguar Land Rover
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The principal activity of Jaguar Land Rover Limited is the design, development, manufacture and sale of vehicles bearing the Jaguar and Land Rover marques. Jaguar Land Rover has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Tata Motors since 2008 and it sold a total of 462,678 vehicles during 2014, comprising 381,108 Land Rover vehicles and 81,570 Jaguar vehicles. Both businesses having previously been part of British Leyland for parts of their histories, Jaguar Cars, Ford had acquired Jaguar Cars in 1989 and Land Rover from BMW in 2000. In 2006 Ford purchased the Rover brand name and logos from BMW for around £6 million, in 2008, the Jaguar Land Rover company was established when Tata Motors acquired the Jaguar and Land Rover businesses from Ford. In November 2011 Jaguar Land Rover announced that it would be creating 1,000 new jobs at its Solihull plant, a 25 per cent increase in the size of the workforce at the site. In March 2012, Jaguar Land Rover announced the creation of 1,000 new jobs at its Halewood plant, in the same month, Jaguar Land Rover and the China-based carmaker Chery agreed to invest an initial US$2. Jaguar Land Rover plans to create 4,500 manufacturing and engineering jobs in the UK over the five years. In September 2013, Jaguar Land Rover announced an additional 1,700 jobs, the money will be spent on designing systems to allow the chassis of future models to be made out of aluminium. The first of these models will be a new mid-sized sports saloon car to be introduced in 2015, under its chief executive, Dr Ralf Speth, JLR has increased its investment in R&D significantly. In 2013, according to Speth, it invested £3 billion in product creation, in September 2013 Jaguar Land Rover announced plans to establish a new research and development centre in the UK. The National Automotive Innovation Campus will be based at the University of Warwick in Coventry, Jaguar Land Rover will invest £50 million in the facility with additional funding from Tata Motors, the University and the UK government. Jaguar Land Rover Automotive is a limited company incorporated under the laws of England. The immediate parent of Jaguar Land Rover Automotive PLC is TML Holdings Pte. Ltd, singapore and the ultimate parent undertaking and controlling party is Tata Motors Limited of India. The Chairman of Tata Group, Ratan Tata, was the chairman, Jaguar Land Rover invested a total of £1,411 million in research and development in the year ended 31 March 2015. It also owns the rights to the dormant Daimler, Lanchester and Rover marques. In that period 21. 6% of sales were in Europe,20. 6% in China,19. 3% in the United Kingdom,16. 8% in the United States,4. 8% in Asia Pacific and 16. 9% in the rest of the world. In 2015, Jaguar Land Rover became the biggest car manufacturer in UK, producing 489,923 cars and overtaking Nissan, the previous leader
39.
Mercedes-Benz India
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Mercedes-Benz India Pvt Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of the German Daimler AG founded in 1994, with headquarters in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Daimler entered the Indian market and established Mercedes-Benz India Ltd in 1994, the company was renamed DaimlerChrysler India Pvt. Ltd. after the merger of the parent company Daimler with Chrysler. After DaimlerChrysler demerged from Chrysler in 2007, it changed its name to Daimler AG, as a result, DaimlerChrysler India was renamed Mercedes-Benz India once again. Mercedes-Benz India is an owned subsidiary of the Daimler AG. Mercedes-Benz India pioneered the luxury car market in India, the company is headquartered in Chakan, Pune, Maharashtra. Mercedes-Benz was recognised as India’s Most Admired Company in a survey by Fortune India magazine in 2013, in 2015 the brand was adjudged Economic Times Brand Equitys, Indias Most Exciting Brand and topped the survey in automotive four-wheeler category. The company has also ranked number one in the J. D. Power Customer Service Index 2015 among the luxury brands. Whitefield Palms, Bangalore Pune Mercedes-Benz India has built brand awareness through a series of consumer-centric engagement events in India and these include MercedesTrophy and Drive Events like AMG Driving Academy and Luxe Drive. The MercedesTrophy is an international three-tier structured amateur golf series where amateur golfers compete to qualify for the MercedesTrophy World Final in Stuttgart, in 2014, the 15th edition of MercedesTrophy India, witnessed participation from over 2,500 golfing aficionados in 13 cities. Motoring enthusiasts get an opportunity to drive the high-performance AMG cars on ice, in a series of ‘firsts’, Mercedes-Benz India launched its first made-in-India TVC ‘Ah My God’ marking the launch of India’s first Compact Performance Sedan, the CLA45 AMG in July 2014. Mercedes-Benz established its largest research & development center outside Germany with the launch of its Bangalore R&D center in 1996, MBRDI with its location in Bangalore and Pune shows Daimler’s strong commitment to India as a location for production, R&D and for IT. MBRDI is Daimler’s “Think Tank” in India, currently 2,000 engineers and IT-specialists are employed by MBRDI. Mercedes-Benz India currently has the widest network reach for any luxury car maker in India, Mercedes-Benz also inaugurated in three AMG Performance Centres in Delhi, Bangalore & Mumbai in 2014 and added two more APCs in 2015 in Hyderabad and Pune. These APCs provide an exclusive AMG brand experience to the customers, in 2014, the company reportedly witnessed a growth in sales of about 13% at 10,201 units as compared to the previous year. The company expects a double digit growth in 2015 owing to network expansion strategy. Mercedes-Benz India opened a new dealership in Jamshedpur and plans on opening 14 more dealerships in 2015 to reach over 80 outlets in total by the end of 2015. Mercedes-Benz launched its new Pre-Owned car brand, ‘Mercedes-Benz Certified’ in India in December 2014 by the inauguration of 12 new ‘Mercedes-Benz Certified’ outlets across India. ‘Mercedes-Benz Certified’ will provide customers a new destination for taking home a Mercedes-Benz car and this new brand is designed specifically for the Indian market
40.
Nissan Motor India Private Limited
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Nissan Motor India Pvt Ltd is the Indian subsidiary of Nissan Motor Company of Japan. Nissan Motor India Pvt Ltd is an owned subsidiary of Nissan Motor Co. The company was incorporated in 2005 and offers innovative and exciting products across hatchback, MUV, SUV, Nissan in India has a portfolio of two brands, Nissan and Datsun. On 17 March 2010, the Renault-Nissan alliance plant was inaugurated in a time of 21 months since its ground breaking ceremony in June 2008. Nissan Micra Nissan Sunny Nissan Terrano The company will sell its compact crossover Kicks from July 2017, NMIPL registered sales of 36,975 units in FY2012. Nissan Motor Company Automotive industry in India Nissan Motor India Private Limited Nissan Motor Company
41.
Piaggio
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SpA via its subsidiaries designs, engineers, manufactures and distributes two wheeled motor vehicles and compact commercial vehicles under seven brands. SpA corporate headquarters are located in Pontedera, Italy, Piaggios various subsidiaries employ a total of 7,053 employees who produced a total of 519,700 vehicles in 2014. Piaggio operates six research and development centers and operates in over 50 countries, in 1882, Enrico Piaggio completes the purchase of land in Sestri Ponente to set up a timber yard. Two years later, in 1884, the company was founded by Rinaldo Piaggio, Piaggio initially produced locomotives and railway carriages. During 1917, in the wake of the World War, Rinaldo converts the company to the aeronautical, Italys crippled economy and the disastrous state of the roads did not assist in the redevelopment of the automobile markets. Enrico Piaggio decided to leave the field in order to address Italys urgent need for a modern. The idea was to design a vehicle for the masses. The aeronautical designer didnt like motorcycles and he found them uncomfortable and bulky, with wheels that were difficult to change after a puncture. Corradino DAscanios drawings had nothing to do with the Paperino, his design was absolutely original, the vehicle had to be easy to drive for both men and women, be able to carry a passenger, and not get its drivers clothes dirty. Piaggio launched the Vespa scooter and within ten years over a million units had been produced, the Italian language gained a new word, vespare, meaning to go somewhere on a Vespa. In 1956 the millionth Vespa is produced, Italy sees its first mass motorised mobility, with strong cash flow from the success of the Vespa, Piaggio developed other products, including the 1957 Vespa 400, a tiny passenger car. In 1959, Piaggio came under the control of the Agnelli family, in 1960 Vespa reaches 4 million units produced and sold worldwide. In 1964 the two divisions, aeronautical and motorcycle, split to two independent companies as a result of the wide ownership by Fiat in Italian industry. The aeronautical division was named IAM Rinaldo Piaggio, the aircraft company Piaggio Aero is controlled by the family of Piero Ferrari, who still hold 10% of Ferrari. In 1971 Ape gets a steering wheel and becomes Ape Car, in 1988 Vespa reaches 10 million units produced. Vespa thrived, until 1992, when Gianni Agnelli became CEO, in 1999 Morgan Grenfell Private Equity acquired Piaggio, but hopes for a quick sale were dashed by a failed joint venture in China. In Italy, Piaggio invested 15 million euros in a new motorcycle, by the end of 2002, the company had run up 577 million Euros in debt on revenues of 945 million Euros, and booked a loss of 129 million Euros. Then came Roberto Colaninno, who said, A lot of people told me I was crazy and it just needed to be treated better
42.
Polaris Industries
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Polaris Industries is an American manufacturer of snowmobiles, ATV, and neighborhood electric vehicles. Polaris is based in Roseau, Minnesota, USA, the company also manufactures motorcycles through its Victory Motorcycles subsidiary and through the Indian Motorcycle subsidiary which it purchased in April 2011. Robin previously developed and supplied all-terrain vehicle and snowmobile engines for Polaris Industries Inc, since that time Polaris has continued to develop their in-house engine production capacity, now designing and manufacturing all of their own power plants. In 2010 Polaris relocated a portion of its utility and sport vehicle assembly to Mexico, components manufactured in Osceola, Wisconsin and the vehicle assembly in Roseau, Minnesota. The vast majority of powertrain and vehicles for the line are manufactured in the Osceola and Roseau facilities. Both the Victory and Indian motorcycle brands are American made with complete powertrains and vehicle assembly located in Osceola, Wisconsin and Spirit Lake, Iowa, Edgar had dropped out of school after the eighth grade in 1934. Their employees, David Johnson, partnered with Paul Knochenmus, and Orlen Johnson and these vehicles primary use was to make hunting locations more accessible. David Johnson created the prototype in 1954 while Edgar was away, after creating it using a grain silo conveyor belt as a track, a Briggs and Stratton motor, and an old Chevy bumper for skis, they had their first snow machine. After returning from a trip, Edgar was shown the machine, and was disappointed that the group had spent company time and materials on the machine. The No 1 sled was sold to Roseau lumberyard owner Silver Pete H. F. Peterson for $465 in order to meet company payroll. However, the continued to be focused on building snowmobiles. Polaris was famous for copying other snowmobiles, the first looked and operated like a Bosak Power toboggan and copied their design for the 1962 Polaris L-55 after the Tee-Nee trailer companies Eski-Motor. The first production model rolled off the line in Minnesota in 1956. The original models weighed close to 1,000 lb and moved at a speed of about 20 mph and they came in a two-tone paint job. The trip took three weeks, and much of the time, Edgar struggled to maintain 10 mph over the snow, the Fairbanks Daily News-Miner put them on its front page. However, his absence caused problems for him with the board of directors. Soon after completing the trip, Edgar left the company in June and started a company called Polar Manufacturing in Thief River Falls. The company name changed to Arctic Enterprises, in the mid-1980s it filed for bankruptcy amid fierce competition as snowmobiles became popular
43.
Renault India Private Limited
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Renault India Pvt Ltd is a wholly owned subsidiary of Renault S. A. France and currently offers five models in the Indian market, the premium sedan Scala, the SUV Duster, the compact MPV Lodgy, the compact car, Pulse. Renault India also exports the Duster to a number of right-hand drive markets. Renault cars are manufactured at the facility located in Oragadam, Chennai. In February 2008, Renault-Nissan Alliance signed Memorandum of Understanding with Government of Tamil Nadu to set up a plant in Oragadam near Chennai. Work on the plant began in June later that year and was completed in a record 21 months, Renault Design India, the first vehicle design studio set up by a foreign manufacturer in India, was established in Mumbai in September 2008. The design house is integral to Renault’s success in India as one of its functions is to monitor customer trends, at the end of 2015, Renault has approximately 200 dealerships across India, from only 14 in 2012. Renault received more awards in one year than any of its market competirors, in March 2010, Renault India and Nissan India opened a production facility in Chennai. Established with an investment of Rs 45 billion, the plant has a combined annual capactity to produce 480,000 vehicles. As of September 2015, Renault India has 175 dealerships in 16 cities across 9 states and 2 Union Territories and it fastely expanded to 190 dealerships in December 2015, thanks to the Renault Kwid success. Renault has also developed an approach with some virtual showrooms. Renault sales commenced in May 2011 with the Fluence sedan and this was followed in September by the Koleos SUV. In 2012 Renault launched three models, the Pulse hatchback in January, the Duster in July 2012. In 2014, aside from the launch of the all-new Fluence and Koleos, Renault launched Lodgy, its compact MPV in Delhi on 9 April 2015. Renault also unveiled its first sub Rs 4 lakh segment car Kwid SUV fully developed in India by Gérard Detourbet and his French and Indian team, the Renault Kwid is available since October 2015, near the pre-festive season. The Renault Kwid received an amount of 50,000 bookings in the first 5 weeks, then 70,000 in 2 months. Renault later discontinued sales of Fluence and Koleos in end-2016, the company will launch the crossover SUV Kaptur in the last quarter of 2017. 2008 Renault-Nissan Alliance signs Memorandum of Understanding with Government of Tamil Nadu to set up a plant in Oragadam near Chennai The Renault DeSign Studio opened in Mumbai
Hyundai Carlino Concept at Auto Expo 2016[6]
