Automatische TreinBeïnvloeding or ATB is a Dutch train protection system first developed in the 1950s. Its installation was spurred by the Harmelen train disaster of 1962.
Equipment for the ATB on a DB class 189 locomotive
An ATB-NG beacon viewed against the direction of travel
Automatic train control
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Automatic train control (ATC) is a general class of train protection systems for railways that involves a speed control mechanism in response to external inputs. For example, a system could effect an emergency brake application if the driver does not react to a signal at danger. ATC systems tend to integrate various cab signalling technologies and they use more granular deceleration patterns in lieu of the rigid stops encountered with the older automatic train stop (ATS) technology. ATC can also be used with automatic train operation (ATO) and is usually considered to be the safety-critical part of a railway system.
Japanese-style ATC cab signalling indicator
A Tokyu Corporation train with ATC-10 indicator operating under normal conditions
The said ATC-10 indicator with ORP (Over Run Protector) engaged near the end of the ATC coverage area
Speedometer in a 0 series driver's cab, showing the ATC cab lights on top of the speed indicators