1.
Ramat Gan
–
Ramat Gan is a city in the Tel Aviv District of Israel, located east of Tel Aviv. It is home to one of the major diamond exchanges. Ramat Gan was established in 1921 as a moshava, a farming settlement. The mayor of Ramat Gan is Yisrael Zinger, Ramat Gan was established by the Ir Ganim association in 1921 as a satellite town of Tel Aviv. The first plots of land were purchased between 1914–1918, the settlement was initially a moshava, a Zionist agricultural colony that grew wheat, barley and watermelons. The name of the settlement was changed to Ramat Gan in 1923, the settlement continued to operate as a moshava until 1933, although it achieved local council status in 1926. At this time it had 450 residents, in the 1940s, Ramat Gan became a battleground in the countrys language war, A Yiddish language printing press in Ramat Gan was blown up by Hebrew-language extremists. Over the years, the economy shifted from agriculture to commerce, by 1946, the population had grown to 12,000. In 1950, Ramat Gan was recognized as a city, in 1955, it had a population of 55,000. The first mayor was Avraham Krinitzi who remained in office for 43 years, in 1961, the municipal area of Ramat Gan expanded eastward, to encompass the area that includes the Sheba Medical Center in Tel Hashomer and Bar Ilan University. In 1968, the worlds largest diamond exchange opened in Ramat Gan, the Sheba Medical Center and the Israel Diamond Exchange are located in Ramat Gan. Ramat Gan is located in the Gush Dan metropolitan area east of Tel Aviv and it is bounded in the north by the Yarkon River and in the east by Bnei Brak. Ramat Gan experiences an average of 500 mm of rainfall per year and is located and it is built on limestone hills. Ramat Gan parks include The National Park which covers some 1,900 dunams, 25% of Ramat Gan is covered by public parkland. According to the 1931 census Ramat Gan had 975 inhabitants, in 253 houses, as of 2006, Ramat Gan had 129,700 residents, on an area of 12,000 dunams. The population was growing at a rate of 1. 0% per annum with 90% of this growth coming through natural increase, the population density of the city is 9,822.6 per square kilometer, one of the highest in Israel. In terms of the origin of Ramat Gans residents,42,900 originate from Europe and America,10,200 from Africa,29,200 from Asia, and 40,600 from Israel. 86,200 of the residents of Ramat Gan were born in Israel, according to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, as of 2001, Ramat Gans socioeconomic ranking stood at 8 out of 10
Ramat Gan
–
Ramat Gan skyline, with the
Moshe Aviv Tower and
Diamond Exchange District
Ramat Gan
–
Jewish road construction crew, 1927
Ramat Gan
–
High-rise buildings in Ramat Gan
Ramat Gan
–
Bar-Ilan University
2.
Film producer
–
Film producers fill a variety of roles depending upon the type of producer. During the discovery stage, the producer has to find and acknowledge promising material, then, unless the film is supposed to be based on an original script, the producer has to find an appropriate screenwriter. For various reasons, producers cannot always supervise all of the production, in this case, the main producer may appoint executive producers, line producers, or unit production managers who represent the main producers interests. The producer has the last word on whether sounds or music have to be changed and they are in charge of selling the film or arranging distribution rights as well. The producers role can vary significantly from project to project, based on the circumstances and they generally are in charge of things like hiring staff, creating filming schedules, checking and approving locations, and much more. Producers are present in every genre of television and film. Although each genre might be different from each other, a producers role and job is the same throughout each. A producer from a program can be compared to a producer of a filmmaker despite how different each genre can be. Although the primary role of the producer can be compared to that of a filmmaker, the roles are very wide ranging, due to the fact that this occupation has gone through an enormous amount of stages and phases as time went on. Today, in most cases the roles range from supervising the editing process to hiring the main staff. The producer has an amount of power in every single aspect of the production process. They are never left out and are involved in every single stage of the production. There are times when a producer can try and find promising material to either a feature film or a television program. If a producer decides to do this, it is usually done in the discovery stage, the discovery stage is when a producer is actively looking for a variety of ideas, concepts, and/or promising scripts that he/she could make into a show and/or film. In this stage, a power may even stretch to gathering workers for the selected project. Even though a producer today can have a range of roles within the field. Within the industry, there are different types of producers who are only designated to specific roles such as controlling the staff. For example, to oversee and manage all aspects of production the role may be filled by the line producer
Film producer
–
George Lucas is known for producing the
Star Wars and
Indiana Jones movies.
3.
Businessman
–
An entrepreneur is an example of a businessperson. The term may mean someone who is involved in an upper-level management role in a corporation, company, enterprise, firm, organization. This can especially apply to the founder, an owner, a manager, since a businessman can mean anyone in industry or commerce, businessmen have existed as long as industry and commerce have existed. Commerce can simply mean trade, and trade has existed through all of recorded history, the first businessmen were traders, or merchants. Merchants emerged as a class in medieval Italy, between 1300 and 1500, modern accounting, the bill of exchange, and limited liability were invented, and thus the world saw the first true bankers, who are certainly businessmen. Around the same time, Europe saw the emergence of rich merchants and this rise of the merchant class came as Europe needed a middleman for the first time, and these burghers or bourgeois were the people who played this role. Europe became the dominant global power in the 16th century. In this period, Europe developed and used paper money, checks, developments in actuarial science led to insurance. Together, these new tools were used by a new kind of businessman and these people owned or financed businesses as bankers, but they were not merchants of goods. These capitalists were a force in the Industrial Revolution. The newest kind of businessperson is the manager, one of the first true managers was Robert Owen, an industrialist in Scotland. He studied the problems of productivity and motivation, and was followed by Frederick Winslow Taylor, after World War I, management became popular due to the example of Herbert Hoover and the Harvard Business School, which offered degrees in business administration. There are no prescribed educational qualifications, rules or guidelines which one may follow, a person owning a small gas station in a local market is as much as a businessperson as a person who owns and leads a large Silicon Valley technology giant. There are many paths to becoming a businessperson, hence, no rigid formal educational qualification requirements can be stated for becoming a businessperson. However, there are attributes that successful businessmen must possess, Tact financial and business savvy, courage, leadership, vision, creativity, imagination. Among these components include branding, advertising, and public relations, well-balanced consistency in their business approach. Interest in giving back to society through philanthropy or venture capitalism for future socioeconomic development, hence, a businessperson should have the ability to take prompt decisions. Determination, courage and perseverance, They must have strong power and determination
Businessman
–
Marissa Mayer, the current president and
CEO of
Yahoo!, is a businessperson, ranked the 16th most-powerful businesswoman in the world in 2014 by
Fortune magazine.
4.
Hebrew language
–
Hebrew is a language native to Israel, spoken by over 9 million people worldwide, of whom over 5 million are in Israel. Historically, it is regarded as the language of the Israelites and their ancestors, the earliest examples of written Paleo-Hebrew date from the 10th century BCE. Hebrew belongs to the West Semitic branch of the Afroasiatic language family, Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language left, and the only truly successful example of a revived dead language. Hebrew had ceased to be a spoken language somewhere between 200 and 400 CE, declining since the aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt. Aramaic and to a lesser extent Greek were already in use as international languages, especially among elites and it survived into the medieval period as the language of Jewish liturgy, rabbinic literature, intra-Jewish commerce, and poetry. Then, in the 19th century, it was revived as a spoken and literary language, and, according to Ethnologue, had become, as of 1998, the language of 5 million people worldwide. After Israel, the United States has the second largest Hebrew-speaking population, with 220,000 fluent speakers, Modern Hebrew is one of the two official languages of the State of Israel, while premodern Hebrew is used for prayer or study in Jewish communities around the world today. Ancient Hebrew is also the tongue of the Samaritans, while modern Hebrew or Arabic is their vernacular. For this reason, Hebrew has been referred to by Jews as Leshon Hakodesh, the modern word Hebrew is derived from the word Ivri, one of several names for the Israelite people. It is traditionally understood to be a based on the name of Abrahams ancestor, Eber. This name is based upon the root ʕ-b-r meaning to cross over. Interpretations of the term ʕibrim link it to this verb, cross over, in the Bible, the Hebrew language is called Yәhudit because Judah was the surviving kingdom at the time of the quotation. In Isaiah 19,18 it is called the Language of Canaan, Hebrew belongs to the Canaanite group of languages. In turn, the Canaanite languages are a branch of the Northwest Semitic family of languages, according to Avraham ben-Yosef, Hebrew flourished as a spoken language in the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah during about 1200 to 586 BCE. Scholars debate the degree to which Hebrew was a vernacular in ancient times following the Babylonian exile. In July 2008 Israeli archaeologist Yossi Garfinkel discovered a ceramic shard at Khirbet Qeiyafa which he claimed may be the earliest Hebrew writing yet discovered, dating around 3000 years ago. The Gezer calendar also dates back to the 10th century BCE at the beginning of the Monarchic Period, classified as Archaic Biblical Hebrew, the calendar presents a list of seasons and related agricultural activities. The Gezer calendar is written in an old Semitic script, akin to the Phoenician one that through the Greeks, the Gezer calendar is written without any vowels, and it does not use consonants to imply vowels even in the places where later Hebrew spelling requires it
Hebrew language
–
Hebrew street sign, above in
Hebrew alphabet, below in
Latin transliteration. Aluf Batslut veAluf Shum (he) ("The Onion Champion and the Garlic Champion") is a
play by
Hayim Nahman Bialik.
Hebrew language
–
Portion of the
Temple Scroll, one of the longest of the
Dead Sea Scrolls discovered at
Qumran
Hebrew language
–
The
Shebna Inscription, from the tomb of a royal steward found in
Siloam, dates to the 7th century BCE.
Hebrew language
–
Hebrew script used in writing a Torah scroll. Note ornamental "crowns" on tops of certain letters.
5.
Israeli-American
–
Israeli Americans are Americans who have Israeli citizenship either by descent, naturalization, or birth in Israel. Israelis began migrating to the United States shortly after the founding of the state of Israel in 1948. A second wave of modest immigration continued with a total of 36,306 Israelis during 1970 to 1979,43,669 in 1980 to 1989,41,340 in 1990 to 1999 and 54,801 in 2000 to 2009. Since 2010 Israeli migration to the U. S. and has continued at around four thousand a year since, also, the acquisition of aspects of American culture in Israel caused many Israelis to want to have the economic and educational opportunities of the United States. Since the declaration of the state of Israel, and until today many Israelis emigrated to the United States. The 2000 United States Census estimated that as many as 106,839 Israelis live in the United States nowadays, while other unsourced estimates say the number is much higher, around 500,000. A considerable numbers of Israelis, estimated broadly from 200,000 to three times that figure, have moved abroad in the recent decades, reasons for emigration vary, but generally relate to a combination of economic and political concerns. The New York City metropolitan area is home to the largest Jewish community outside Israel, in 2009, Steven M. Cohen and Judith Veinstein found that in New York, Jewish Israeli emigrants are highly affiliated with the Jewish community even though community affiliation is low in Israel. Based on the 2013 Pew American Jewry Survey estimate base on Jews by religion/no religion/Jewish background who were born in Israel/Palestine is 140,0000 nationally, American Jews born in Israel had 40 thousand children under age 18 in their US households. An An additional 60 thousand American Jews reported that they had lived in Israel. The U. S states by Israeli Americans as per the 2000 census, Various Israeli-American communities have their own newspapers which are printed in Hebrew. Hundreds of thousands of spectators view the annual Celebrate Israel Parade on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, a variety of Hebrew language websites, newspapers and magazines are published in South Florida, New York, Los Angeles and other U. S. regions. The Israeli Channel along with two other Hebrew-language channels are available via satellite broadcast nationally in the United States, Hebrew language Israeli programming on local television was broadcast in New York and Los Angeles during the 1990s, prior to Hebrew language satellite broadcast. Live performances by Israeli artists are a regular occurrence in centers of Israeli emigrants in the U. S. an Israeli Independence Day Festival has taken place yearly in Los Angeles since 1990 with thousands of Israeli emigrants and American Jews. In Los Angeles, a Council of Israeli Community was founded in 2001. S, president, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, John McCain greeted the attendees by video and expressed their support for the residents of Sderot. An Israeli Business Network of Beverly Hills has existed since 1996, according to CNN, Israeli companies are establishing entrepreneurial ventures in New York City at the rate of ten new startups per month. In return, Jewish Americans, especially religious Jewish Americans, tend to maintain contact with the Israeli American community besides participation in religious ceremonies. 75% of Israeli Americans marry within the Jewish community, comedian-writer Robert Smigel came up with a Saturday Night Live sketch in 1990 called the Sabra Shopping Network
Israeli-American
Israeli-American
Israeli-American
6.
Marvel Entertainment
–
Marvel Entertainment, LLC is an American entertainment company founded in June 1998, merging Marvel Entertainment Group, Inc. and ToyBiz. The company is an owned subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment for $4 billion, for financial reporting purposes, Marvel is reported as primarily a part of Disneys Consumer Products segment. Over the years, Marvel Entertainment has entered in several partnerships, as of 2017, Marvel has film licensing agreements with 20th Century Fox and Columbia Pictures, and a theme park licensing agreement with Universal Parks & Resorts extant before Disneys acquisition. Aside from their contract with Universal, Marvels characters and properties have appeared at Walt Disney Parks. It is a mini-Disney in terms of property, said Perelman. Disneys got much more highly recognized characters and softer characters, whereas our characters are termed action heroes, but at Marvel we are now in the business of the creation and marketing of characters. Marvel Entertainment Group then began expanding with acquisitions and forming new divisions, Marvel purchased the trading card company Fleer on July 24,1992. On April 30,1993, Marvel acquired 46% of ToyBiz, the Andrews Group named Avi Arad of ToyBiz as the president and CEO of the Marvel Films division and of New World Family Filmworks, Inc. a New World Entertainment subsidiary. In 1993 and 1994, Marvels holding companies — Marvel Holdings, Inc. and Marvel Parent Holdings, Marvel continued making acquisitions with Panini, an Italian sticker-maker on August 4,1994 for $158.4 million, and SkyBox International on March 8,1995 for $150 million. Marvel also purchased Heroes World Distribution, a distributor to comic-book shops on Dec.28,1994. While licensing revenue reached $50 million in 1995, MEG laid off 275 employees on January 4,1996, meanwhile, Carl Icahn began buying Marvels bonds at 20% of their value and moved to block Perelmans plan. The Marvel group of companies filed for bankruptcy on December 27,1996, in August 1996, Marvel created Marvel Studios, an incorporation of Marvel Films, due to the sale of its film and TV sister company, New World Communications Group, to News Corporation. Icahn fought to control of the company from Perelman. The court ruled on February 26,1997 that Icahn could foreclose on a controlling interest in Marvel shares put up for collateral for the companys bonds, finally Icahn took control of Marvels board and became Marvels chairman on June 20. Bankruptcy proceedings continued with multi-way arguments among Perelman, Icahn, Toy Biz, a plan for reorganization agreed to by Icahn and the MEGs secured creditors fell apart on October 8 with the introduction of the better Toy Biz plan. The Bankruptcy Court on December 24 appointed a trustee to oversee the company, in June 1997, Marvel formed its Marvel Enterprise division, headed by president and CEO Scott C. Marden, to manage its trading card and sticker businesses, as well as Marvel Interactive, the lawsuit asked for $470.8 million in damages
Marvel Entertainment
–
Marvel Entertainment, LLC
7.
Marvel Studios
–
Previously, the studio was a subsidiary of Marvel Entertainment until The Walt Disney Company reorganized the companies in August 2015. X-Men and Spider-Man and other Marvel franchises are licensed out to 20th Century Fox and Sony Pictures, Marvel Studios has released 14 films since 2008 within the Marvel Cinematic Universe, from Iron Man to Doctor Strange. These films all share continuity with other, along with the One-Shots produced by the studio. During what is known as Marvels Timely era, Captain America was licensed out to Republic Pictures for a serial just for the free advertising, in the late 1970s up to the early 1990s, Marvel Entertainment Group sold options to studios to produce films based on Marvel Comics characters. Spider-Man, one of Marvel’s superheroes, was optioned in the late 1970s, from 1986 to 1996, most of Marvel’s major characters had been optioned, including the Fantastic Four, X-Men, Daredevil, Hulk, Silver Surfer, and Iron Man. A Howard the Duck film made it to the screen in 1986, New World Entertainment purchased MEG in November 1986 and moved to produce films based on the Marvel characters. It released The Punisher before MEG was sold to Ronald Perelmans Andrews Group, two other films were produced, Captain America released in the United Kingdom on screens and direct to video in the United States, and The Fantastic Four, not intended for release. Marvels rival DC Comics, on the hand, had success licensing its properties Superman and Batman into successful film franchises. New World was MEGs former parent corporation and later a subsidiary of the Andrews Group. Marvel Productions became New World Animation by 1993 as Marvel would start up Marvel Films including Marvel Films Animation, Marvel Films Animation shared Tom Tataranowicz with New World Animation as head of development and production. New World Animation, Saban, and Marvel Films Animation each produced a Marvel series for television for the 1996–1997 season and it was Marvel Films Animations only production. By the end of 1993, Arad and 20th Century Fox struck a deal to make a film based on the X-Men, New World Animation and Marvel Films Animation were sold along with the rest of New World by Andrews Group to News Corporation/Fox as announced in August 1996. As part of the deal, Marvel licensed the rights to Captain America, Daredevil and Silver Surfer to be on Fox Kids Network, New World Animation continued producing a second season of The Incredible Hulk for UPN. In August 1996, Marvel created Marvel Studios, an incorporation of Marvel Films, due to the sale of New World Communications Group, Marvels fellow Andrews Group subsidiary in film and television stations, to News Corporation/Fox. Toy Biz filed an offering of 7.5 million shares with a price of $20.125 at the time. Toy Biz sought to sell 1 million shares, and Marvel sought to sell 2.5 million shares. Jerry Calabrese, the president of Marvel Entertainment Group, and Avi Arad, head of Marvel Films, Arad said of the goal for control, When you get into business with a big studio, they are developing a hundred or 500 projects, you get totally lost. Were just not going to do it anymore, Marvel Studios arranged a seven-year development deal with 20th Century Fox to cover markets in the United States and internationally
Marvel Studios
–
Marvel Studios, LLC
8.
Holocaust
–
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide in which some six million European Jews were killed by Adolf Hitlers Nazi Germany, and the World War II collaborators with the Nazis. The victims included 1.5 million children, and represented about two-thirds of the nine million Jews who had resided in Europe, killings took place throughout German-occupied Europe, as well as within Nazi Germany, and across all territories controlled by its allies. Other victims of Nazi crimes included ethnic Poles and other Slavs, Soviet citizens and Soviet POWs, communists, homosexuals, Freemasons, Jehovahs Witnesses, some 42,500 detention facilities were utilized in the concentration of victims for the purpose of gross violations of human rights. Over 200,000 people are estimated to have been Holocaust perpetrators, the persecution was carried out in stages, culminating in the policy of extermination of European Jews termed the Final Solution to the Jewish Question. Following Hitlers rise to power, the German government passed laws to exclude Jews from civil society, starting in 1933 the Nazis began to establish a network of concentration camps. After the outbreak of war in 1939 both German and foreign Jews were herded into wartime ghettos, in 1941, as Germany began to conquer new territory in the East, all anti-Jewish measures radicalized. Specialized paramilitary units called Einsatzgruppen murdered around two million Jews in mass shootings actions in less than a year, by mid-1942, victims were being regularly transported by freight trains to extermination camps where, if they survived the journey, most were systematically killed in gas chambers. This continued until the end of World War II in Europe in April–May 1945, the most notable exception was the Warsaw Ghetto uprising of 1943, when thousands of poorly-armed Jewish fighters held the Waffen-SS at bay for four weeks. An estimated 20, 000–30,000 Jewish partisans actively fought against the Nazis, French Jews took part in the French Resistance, which conducted a guerilla campaign against the Nazis and Vichy French authorities. Over a hundred armed Jewish uprisings took place, the term holocaust comes from the Greek adjective holókaustos, a variant of holókautos, referring to an animal sacrifice offered to a god in which the whole animal is completely burnt. Often used substantively in apposition with the noun thysia, the term appears in a fragment of pseudo-Callisthenes, writing in Latin, Jerome Latinized the Greek word as a neuter noun holocaustum, using it to translate references to the Jewish burnt offering in his translations of Exodus and Leviticus. In his Chronicon de rebus gestis Ricardi Primi, Richard of Devizes, the English poet John Milton had used the word to denote a conflagration in his 1671 poem Samson Agonistes and the word gradually developed to mean a massacre thereon. The term was used in the 1950s by historians as a translation of the Jewish word shoah to refer specifically to the Nazi genocide of Jews, the television mini-series Holocaust is credited with introducing the term into common parlance after 1978. The biblical word shoah, meaning calamity became the standard Hebrew term for the Holocaust as early as the 1940s, especially in Europe and Israel. Shoah is preferred by some Jews for several reasons including the offensive nature of the word holocaust which they take to refer to the Greek pagan custom. The Nazis used the phrase Final Solution to the Jewish Question, all branches of Germanys bureaucracy were engaged in the logistics that led to the genocides, turning the Third Reich into what one Holocaust scholar, Michael Berenbaum, has called a genocidal state. Every arm of the countrys sophisticated bureaucracy was involved in the killing process, as prisoners entered the death camps, they were made to surrender all personal property, which was catalogued and tagged before being sent to Germany to be reused or recycled. Berenbaum writes that the Final Solution of the Jewish question was in the eyes of the perpetrators, through a concealed account, the German National Bank helped launder valuables stolen from the victims
Holocaust
–
Hungarian Jews are selected by Nazis to be sent to the
gas chamber at
Auschwitz concentration camp, May/June 1944.
Holocaust
–
Romani children in
Auschwitz, victims of medical experiments.
Holocaust
–
In Germany,
Sturmabteilung stormtroopers urge a national boycott of all Jewish businesses on 1 April 1933. These SA stormtroopers are outside
Israel's Department Store in Berlin to deter customers. The signs read: "Germans! Defend yourselves! Don't buy from Jews." (" Deutsche! Wehrt Euch! Kauft nicht bei Juden! ") The store was later ransacked during
Kristallnacht in 1938, then handed over to a non-Jewish family.
9.
Poland
–
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe, situated between the Baltic Sea in the north and two mountain ranges in the south. Bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, the total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres, making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people, Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world, the 8th most populous country in Europe, Poland is a unitary state divided into 16 administrative subdivisions, and its capital and largest city is Warsaw. Other metropolises include Kraków, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk and Szczecin, the establishment of a Polish state can be traced back to 966, when Mieszko I, ruler of a territory roughly coextensive with that of present-day Poland, converted to Christianity. The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin. This union formed the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, one of the largest and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe, Poland regained its independence in 1918 at the end of World War I, reconstituting much of its historical territory as the Second Polish Republic. In September 1939, World War II started with the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, followed thereafter by invasion by the Soviet Union. More than six million Polish citizens died in the war, after the war, Polands borders were shifted westwards under the terms of the Potsdam Conference. With the backing of the Soviet Union, a communist puppet government was formed, and after a referendum in 1946. During the Revolutions of 1989 Polands Communist government was overthrown and Poland adopted a new constitution establishing itself as a democracy, informally called the Third Polish Republic. Since the early 1990s, when the transition to a primarily market-based economy began, Poland has achieved a high ranking on the Human Development Index. Poland is a country, which was categorised by the World Bank as having a high-income economy. Furthermore, it is visited by approximately 16 million tourists every year, Poland is the eighth largest economy in the European Union and was the 6th fastest growing economy on the continent between 2010 and 2015. According to the Global Peace Index for 2014, Poland is ranked 19th in the list of the safest countries in the world to live in. The origin of the name Poland derives from a West Slavic tribe of Polans that inhabited the Warta River basin of the historic Greater Poland region in the 8th century, the origin of the name Polanie itself derives from the western Slavic word pole. In some foreign languages such as Hungarian, Lithuanian, Persian and Turkish the exonym for Poland is Lechites, historians have postulated that throughout Late Antiquity, many distinct ethnic groups populated the regions of what is now Poland. The most famous archaeological find from the prehistory and protohistory of Poland is the Biskupin fortified settlement, dating from the Lusatian culture of the early Iron Age, the Slavic groups who would form Poland migrated to these areas in the second half of the 5th century AD. With the Baptism of Poland the Polish rulers accepted Christianity and the authority of the Roman Church
Poland
–
Reconstruction of a
Bronze Age,
Lusatian culture settlement in
Biskupin, c. 700 BC
Poland
–
Flag
Poland
–
Earliest known contemporary depiction of a Polish ruler; King
Mieszko II Lambert of Poland being presented with a
Liturgical book by
Matilda of Swabia, 1025–1031
Poland
–
Drawing of the
Battle of Grunwald, which was fought against the
German Order of Teutonic Knights, 15 July 1410
10.
Superman
–
Superman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by writer Jerry Siegel and artist Joe Shuster, high school living in Cleveland, Ohio. They sold Superman to Detective Comics, the future DC Comics, Superman debuted in Action Comics #1 and subsequently appeared in various radio serials, newspaper strips, television programs, films, and video games. With this success, Superman helped to create the superhero archetype, the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Man of Steel, the Man of Tomorrow, and The Last Son of Krypton. Discovered and adopted by a Kansas farm couple, the child is raised as Clark Kent, very early on he started to display various superhuman abilities, which, upon reaching maturity, he resolved to use for the benefit of humanity through a secret Superman identity. Superman resides and operates in the fictional American city of Metropolis, as Clark Kent, he is a journalist for the Daily Planet, a Metropolis newspaper. Supermans love interest is generally Lois Lane, and his archenemy is supervillain Lex Luthor and he is typically a member of the Justice League and close ally of Batman and Wonder Woman. Like other characters in the DC Universe, several versions of Superman have been depicted over the years. Supermans appearance is distinctive and iconic, he wears a blue costume with a red-and-yellow emblem on the chest, consisting of the letter S in a shield shape. This shield is used in media to symbolize the character. Superman is widely considered an American cultural icon and he has fascinated scholars, with cultural theorists, commentators, and critics alike exploring the characters impact and role in the United States and worldwide. The characters ownership has often been the subject of dispute, with Siegel, the character has been adapted extensively and portrayed in other forms of media as well, including films, television series, and video games. Several actors have portrayed Superman in motion pictures and TV series including Kirk Alyn, George Reeves, Christopher Reeve, Dean Cain, Tom Welling, Brandon Routh, Henry Cavill, Siegels fanzine did not sell well. Siegel and Shuster shifted to making comic strips, which they self-published in a book they called Popular Comics, the pair dreamed of becoming professional authors and believed that syndicated newspaper strips offered more lucrative and stable work than pulp magazines. The art quality standards were lower, making them more accessible to the inexperienced Shuster. In early 1933 or in 1934, Siegel developed a new character, also named Superman, but now a heroic character and this first prototype of Superman had no fantastic abilities and wore casual clothing. Siegel and Shuster often compared this version to Slam Bradley, a character they created in 1936. Siegel shared his idea with Shuster and they decided to turn it into a comic strip, the first publisher they solicited was Humor Publishing in Chicago, after having read one of their comic books, Detective Dan
Superman
–
"
The Reign of the Superman " in the fanzine Science Fiction, #3 (June 1933)
Superman
–
Art by
Alex Ross
Superman
–
Action Comics #1 (June 1938), the debut of Superman; cover art by Joe Shuster
Superman
–
Action Comics vol. 2 #1 (Nov. 2011), the
relaunch of Action Comics; cover art by
Rags Morales
11.
Spider-Man
–
Spider-Man is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character was created by writer-editor Stan Lee and writer-artist Steve Ditko, when Spider-Man first appeared in the early 1960s, teenagers in superhero comic books were usually relegated to the role of sidekick to the protagonist. Marvel has featured Spider-Man in several book series, the first. In the 2010s, he joins the Avengers, Marvels flagship superhero team, Spider-Mans nemesis Doctor Octopus also took on the identity for a story arc spanning 2012–2014, following a body swap plot in which Peter appears to die. Spider-Man is one of the most popular and commercially successful superheroes, the character was first portrayed in live action by Nicholas Hammond in the 1977 television movie Spider-Man. Reeve Carney starred as Spider-Man in the 2010 Broadway musical Spider-Man, in 1962, with the success of the Fantastic Four, Marvel Comics editor and head writer Stan Lee was casting about for a new superhero idea. He said the idea for Spider-Man arose from a surge in demand for comic books. At that time Lee had to get only the consent of Marvel publisher Martin Goodman for the characters approval, in a 1986 interview, Lee described in detail his arguments to overcome Goodmans objections. In particular, Lee stated that the fact that it had already decided that Amazing Fantasy would be cancelled after issue #15 was the only reason Goodman allowed him to use Spider-Man. While this was indeed the issue, its editorial page anticipated the comic continuing. Will appear every month in Amazing, regardless, Lee received Goodmans approval for the name Spider-Man and the ordinary teen concept, and approached artist Jack Kirby. Lee and Kirby immediately sat down for a conference, Theakston writes. Steve Ditko would be the inker, when Kirby showed Lee the first six pages, Lee recalled, I hated the way he was doing it. Not that he did it badly—it just wasnt the character I wanted, Lee turned to Ditko, who developed a visual style Lee found satisfactory. Ditko recalled, One of the first things I did was to work up a costume, a vital, visual part of the character. I had to know how he looked, for example, A clinging power so he wouldnt have hard shoes or boots, a hidden wrist-shooter versus a web gun and holster, etc. I wasnt sure Stan would like the idea of covering the characters face and it would also add mystery to the character. Although the interior artwork was by Ditko alone, Lee rejected Ditkos cover art, as Lee explained in 2010, I think I had Jack sketch out a cover for it because I always had a lot of confidence in Jacks covers
Spider-Man
–
Cover of
The Amazing Spider-Man vol. 2 #50 (April 2003) Art by J. Scott Campbell and Tim Townsend
Spider-Man
–
Amazing Fantasy #15 (Aug. 1962). The issue that first introduced the fictional character. It was a gateway to commercial success for the superhero and inspired the launch of
The Amazing Spider-Man comic book. Cover art by
Jack Kirby (penciller) and
Steve Ditko (inker).
Spider-Man
–
The spider bite that gave Peter Parker his powers.
Amazing Fantasy #15, art by
Steve Ditko.
Spider-Man
–
U.S. President Barack Obama pretending to be caught in Spider-Man's web
12.
Israel Defense Forces
–
The Israel Defense Forces, commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel. They consist of the forces, air force, and navy. It is the military wing of the Israeli security forces. The IDF is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Ramatkal, subordinate to the Defense Minister of Israel, Lieutenant general Gadi Eizenkot has served as Chief of Staff since 2015. The number of wars and border conflicts in which the IDF has been involved in its history makes it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world. The Israel Defense Forces differs from most armed forces in the world in many ways, differences include the mandatory conscription of women and its structure, which emphasizes close relations between the army, navy, and air force. Since its founding, the IDF has been designed to match Israels unique security situation. The IDF is one of Israeli societys most prominent institutions, influencing the economy, culture. In 1965, the Israel Defense Forces was awarded the Israel Prize for its contribution to education, the Uzi submachine gun was invented in Israel and used by the IDF until December 2003, ending a service that began in 1954. The Israeli cabinet ratified the name Israel Defense Forces, Tzva HaHagana LeYisrael, literally army for the defense of Israel, the other main contender was Tzva Yisrael. The name was chosen because it conveyed the idea that the role was defense, and because it incorporated the name Haganah. Among the primary opponents of the name were Minister Haim-Moshe Shapira, the IDF traces its roots to Jewish paramilitary organizations in the New Yishuv, starting with the Second Aliyah. The first such organization was Bar-Giora, founded in September 1907 and it was converted to Hashomer in April 1909, which operated until the British Mandate of Palestine came into being in 1920. Hashomer was an elitist organization with narrow scope, and was created to protect against criminal gangs seeking to steal property. During World War I, the forerunners of the Haganah/IDF were the Zion Mule Corps, after the Arab riots against Jews in April 1920, the Yishuvs leadership saw the need to create a nationwide underground defense organization, and the Haganah was founded in June of the same year. The Haganah became a defense force after the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine with an organized structure. During World War II the successor to the Jewish Legion of World War I was the Jewish Brigade, the IDF was founded following the establishment of the State of Israel, after Defense Minister and Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion issued an order on 26 May 1948. The order called for the establishment of the Israel Defense Forces, although Ben-Gurion had no legal authority to issue such an order, the order was made legal by the cabinet on 31 May
Israel Defense Forces
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Major-Gen.
Ariel Sharon (left), during the
Battle of Abu-Ageila, June 1967
Israel Defense Forces
Israel Defense Forces
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Operation Gazelle, Israel's ground maneuver, encircles the Egyptian Third Army, October 1973
Israel Defense Forces
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IDF
Kirya Compound,
Tel Aviv
13.
Six-Day War
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The Six-Day War, also known as the June War,1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between June 5 and 10,1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbours had never fully normalised following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, in the period leading up to June 1967, tensions became dangerously heightened. In reaction to the mobilisation of Egyptian forces along the Israeli border in the Sinai Peninsula, the Egyptians were caught by surprise, and nearly the entire Egyptian air force was destroyed with few Israeli losses, giving the Israelis air superiority. Simultaneously, the Israelis launched an offensive into the Gaza Strip and the Sinai. After some initial resistance, Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser ordered the evacuation of the Sinai, Israeli forces rushed westward in pursuit of the Egyptians, inflicted heavy losses, and conquered the Sinai. Nasser induced Syria and Jordan to begin attacks on Israel by using the initially confused situation to claim that Egypt had defeated the Israeli air strike. Israeli counterattacks resulted in the seizure of East Jerusalem as well as the West Bank from the Jordanians, on June 11, a ceasefire was signed. Arab casualties were far heavier than those of Israel, fewer than a thousand Israelis had been killed compared to over 20,000 from the Arab forces. Israels military success was attributed to the element of surprise, an innovative and well-executed battle plan, Israel seized control of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. Israeli morale and international prestige was greatly increased by the outcome of the war, across the Arab world, Jewish minority communities were expelled, with refugees going to Israel or Europe. After the 1956 Suez Crisis, Egypt agreed to the stationing of a United Nations Emergency Force in the Sinai to ensure all parties would comply with the 1949 Armistice Agreements, in the following years there were numerous minor border clashes between Israel and its Arab neighbors, particularly Syria. In early November 1966, Syria signed a defense agreement with Egypt. Jordanian units that engaged the Israelis were quickly beaten back, King Hussein of Jordan criticized Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser for failing to come to Jordans aid, and hiding behind UNEF skirts. In May 1967, Nasser received false reports from the Soviet Union that Israel was massing on the Syrian border, the right of innocent, maritime passage must be preserved for all nations. On May 30, Jordan and Egypt signed a defense pact, the following day, at Jordans invitation, the Iraqi army began deploying troops and armoured units in Jordan. They were later reinforced by an Egyptian contingent, on June 1, Israel formed a National Unity Government by widening its cabinet, and on June 4 the decision was made to go to war. The next morning, Israel launched Operation Focus, a surprise air strike that was the opening of the Six-Day War. Before the war, Israeli pilots and ground crews had trained extensively in rapid refitting of aircraft returning from sorties and this has contributed to the Arab belief that the IAF was helped by foreign air forces
Six-Day War
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Israeli troops examine destroyed Egyptian aircraft.
Six-Day War
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Territory held by Israel before and after the Six Day War. The Straits of Tiran are circled, between the Gulf of Aqaba to the north and the Red Sea to the south.
Six-Day War
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Dassault Mirage at the
Israeli Air Force Museum. Operation Focus was mainly conducted using French built aircraft.
Six-Day War
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Conquest of Sinai. June 5–6, 1967
14.
Hofstra University
–
Hofstra University is a private, non-profit, nonsectarian university in the United States. Its main campus is on Long Island in the village of Hempstead, New York, the extension had been proposed by a Hempstead resident, Truesdel Peck Calkins, who had been superintendent of schools for Hempstead. In her will, Kate Mason provided the bulk of their property and estate to be used for a charitable, scientific or humanitarian purpose, two friends, Howard Brower and James Barnard, were asked to decide what to do with the estate. Calkins approached the administration at New York University, and they expressed interest, the college was founded as a coeducational, commuter institution with day and evening classes. The first day of classes was September 23,1935, the tuition fee for the year was $375. The college obtained provisional charter status, and its name was changed to Hofstra College on January 16,1937. Hofstra College separated from New York University in 1939 and was granted a charter on February 16,1940. Hofstra’s original logo was a created by Professor of Art Constant van de Wall in 1937. The insignia was derived from the seal of the reigning house of the Netherlands. Used with the permission of the monarch of the Netherlands, the seal included the Dutch national motto Je Maintiendrai. In 1939, Hofstra celebrated its first four-year commencement, graduating a class of 83 students, the first graduates had strong feelings for the new institution. When they were allowed to choose whether they would receive degrees from New York University or Hofstra, academic recognition of Hofstra was affirmed when the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools accepted Hofstra for membership on November 22,1940. Early in 1941 the college was elected to membership in the American Association of Colleges, in 1950 Calkins Gymnasium was the site of the first Shakespeare Festival. It was performed on a replica of the Globe Theatre. With the approval of the New York State Board of Regents and this later became federal law, and Hofstra was subsequently recognized as a pioneer. Other forward-thinking programs and events followed, including the New Opportunities at Hofstra program, NOAH is Hofstra’s Arthur O. Eve Higher Education Opportunity Program. In 1963, Mitchel Air Force Base was closed by the military, the university asked for part of the area to be used for educational purposes, and was subsequently granted 110 acres. Remnants of the runways from the Air Force base are now parking lots for Hofstras North Campus
Hofstra University
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James Caan, actor
Hofstra University
–
Hofstra University
Hofstra University
–
Wayne Chrebet, NFL football player
Hofstra University
–
Robert Davi (left), actor
15.
Ron Perelman
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Ronald Owen Perelman is an American businessman, investor, and philanthropist. Perelman is annually one of the worlds largest philanthropic donors, as of January 2016, Perelman is the 36th richest American, and 80th richest person in the world, with an estimated wealth of $12.2 billion. Perelman was born in Greensboro, North Carolina on January 1,1943 and he was raised in a Jewish family. He managed with family members the American Paper Products Corporation, Raymond eventually left the company and bought Belmont Iron Works, a manufacturer of structural steel. From his father, Perelman learned the fundamentals of business, by the time Ronald turned eleven years old he regularly sat in on board meetings of his fathers company. Raymond was a teacher, harshly criticizing Ronald for even the slightest misstep. A2006 article published in the Forbes 400 discusses their relationship in detail, Perelman attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania where he followed in his fathers footsteps and majored in business. He graduated in 1964 and completed his masters in 1966, Perelmans first major business deal took place in 1961 during his Freshman year at the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania. He and his father bought the Esslinger Brewery for $800,000, throughout Perelmans tenure at the Belmont Iron Works he assisted his father on many other deals, earning millions of dollars in the process. In 1978, twelve years after Perelman formally joined Belmont Industries, he was the president but he still strove for more power. Raymond told him that he had no intention of stepping down anytime soon, Perelman resigned and moved to New York. The two barely spoke to one another for the six years. He orchestrated the purchase of Cohen-Hatfield Jewelers in 1978, his first deal as an independent investor free of his fathers influence. He recognized the value of Hatfields mismanaged jewelry cache and bought control of the company with a $1.9 million loan from his wife. Within a year, Perelman had sold all of the retail locations and reduced the company to its lucrative wholesale jewelry division. His next target was MacAndrews & Forbes, a distributor of licorice extract, the management and investors repeatedly rebuffed his efforts to purchase the company and filed an unsuccessful lawsuit to prevent the acquisition, but Perelman prevailed. That his father had tried and failed to acquire it 10 years earlier made his success particularly sweet, MacAndrews & Forbes has become a holding company with interests in a diversified portfolio of public and private companies. Wholly owned by Perelman, who is chairman and chief officer, MacAndrews & Forbes invests in companies with strong market positions, recognized brands
Ron Perelman
–
Perelman at the 2009
Tribeca Film Festival
Ron Perelman
–
Ronald and Samantha Perelman
Ron Perelman
–
Ellen Barkin
Ron Perelman
–
"Près Choisis" in 1905.
16.
Marvel Comics
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Marvel Comics is the common name and primary imprint of Marvel Worldwide Inc. formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, an American publisher of comic books and related media. In 2009, The Walt Disney Company acquired Marvel Entertainment, Marvel Worldwides parent company, Marvel started in 1939 as Timely Publications, and by the early 1950s had generally become known as Atlas Comics. Marvels modern incarnation dates from 1961, the year that the company launched The Fantastic Four and other superhero titles created by Stan Lee, Jack Kirby, Steve Ditko and many others. Most of Marvels fictional characters operate in a reality known as the Marvel Universe. Martin Goodman founded the later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. The issue was a success, with it and a second printing the following month selling, combined. While its contents came from an outside packager, Funnies, Inc, Timely had its own staff in place by the following year. It, too, proved a hit, with sales of one million. Goodman formed Timely Comics, Inc. beginning with comics cover-dated April 1941 or Spring 1941, Goodman hired his wifes cousin, Stanley Lieber, as a general office assistant in 1939. Lee wrote extensively for Timely, contributing to a number of different titles, Goodmans business strategy involved having his various magazines and comic books published by a number of corporations all operating out of the same office and with the same staff. One of these companies through which Timely Comics was published was named Marvel Comics by at least Marvel Mystery Comics #55. As well, some covers, such as All Surprise Comics #12, were labeled A Marvel Magazine many years before Goodman would formally adopt the name in 1961. The post-war American comic market saw superheroes falling out of fashion and this globe branding united a line put out by the same publisher, staff and freelancers through 59 shell companies, from Animirth Comics to Zenith Publications. Atlas also published a plethora of childrens and teen humor titles, including Dan DeCarlos Homer the Happy Ghost, Atlas unsuccessfully attempted to revive superheroes from late 1953 to mid-1954, with the Human Torch, the Sub-Mariner, and Captain America. Atlas did not achieve any hits and, according to Stan Lee, Atlas survived chiefly because it produced work quickly, cheaply. During this time, the Comic Code Authority made its debut in September 1954, Wertham published the book Seduction of the Innocent in order to force people to see that comics were impacting American youth. He believed violent comics were causing children to be reckless and were turning them into delinquents, in September 1954, comic book publishers got together to set up their own self-censorship organization—the Comics Magazine Association of America—in order to appease audiences
Marvel Comics
–
Marvel Comics #1 (Oct. 1939), the first comic from Marvel precursor
Timely Comics. Cover art by
Frank R. Paul.
Marvel Comics
–
The Fantastic Four #1 (Nov. 1961). Cover art by
Jack Kirby (penciler) and unconfirmed inker.
Marvel Comics
–
The Avengers #4 (March 1964), with (from left to right), the
Wasp,
Giant-Man,
Captain America,
Iron Man,
Thor and (inset) the
Sub-Mariner. Cover art by
Jack Kirby and
George Roussos.
Marvel Comics
–
Howard the Duck #8 (Jan. 1977). Cover art by
Gene Colan and
Steve Leialoha
17.
Bankruptcy
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Bankruptcy is a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay the debts it owes to creditors. In most jurisdictions, bankruptcy is imposed by a court order, Bankruptcy is not the only legal status that an insolvent person may have, and the term bankruptcy is therefore not a synonym for insolvency. In some countries, including the United Kingdom, bankruptcy is limited to individuals, in the United States, bankruptcy is applied more broadly to formal insolvency proceedings. In France, the cognate French word banqueroute is used solely for cases of fraudulent bankruptcy, in Ancient Greece, bankruptcy did not exist. If a man owed and he could not pay, he and his wife, children or servants were forced into debt slavery, until the creditor recouped losses through their physical labour. Many city-states in ancient Greece limited debt slavery to a period of five years, debt slaves had protection of life and limb, which regular slaves did not enjoy. However, servants of the debtor could be retained beyond that deadline by the creditor and were forced to serve their new lord for a lifetime. An exception to rule was Athens, which by the laws of Solon forbade enslavement for debt, as a consequence. The Statute of Bankrupts of 1542 was the first statute under English law dealing with bankruptcy or insolvency, Bankruptcy is also documented in East Asia. According to al-Maqrizi, the Yassa of Genghis Khan contained a provision that mandated the death penalty for anyone who became bankrupt three times, a failure of a nation to meet bond repayments has been seen on many occasions. Philip II of Spain had to declare four state bankruptcies in 1557,1560,1575 and 1596, at the edge of Europe, Egypt, Russia, and Turkey have histories of chronic default as well. For private households, it is argued to be insufficient to merely dismiss debts after a certain period and it is important to assess the underlying problems and to minimize the risk of financial distress to re-occur. In most EU Member States, debt discharge is conditioned by a partial payment obligation, in the United States, discharge is conditioned to a lesser extent. The spectrum is broad in the EU, with the UK coming closest to the US system, the Other Member States do not provide the option of a debt discharge. It is almost impossible to discharge student loan debt by filing bankruptcy, unlike most other debtors, the individual with student debt must give a series of reasons and tests to prove that the debtor could not pay the debt. If the person were to file bankruptcy, he or she is encouraged to do so under Chapter 13. In order to avoid bankruptcy, one could negotiate with the lender to lower monthly payments, student loan bankruptcy is considered a last resort. However, some find themselves being forced to file bankruptcy, as the lender refused to lower payments
Bankruptcy
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Notice of closure attached to the door of a Computer Shop outlet the day after its parent company declared "bankruptcy" (strictly, put into administration) in the
United Kingdom
Bankruptcy
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Insolvency
Bankruptcy
–
Bankruptcy according to
Salvation Army,
Switzerland.
Bankruptcy
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In 2013, Detroit filed the
largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history.
18.
Bratz: The Movie
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Bratz is a 2007 American musical live-action teen comedy film based on the Bratz line of cartoon characters and dolls. The film is directed by Sean McNamara and stars Skyler Shaye, Janel Parrish, Logan Browning, Bratz was released by Lions Gate Entertainments film division Lionsgate Films on August 3,2007. Four teenage friends named Cloe, Yasmin, Sasha and Jade are about to start high school, self-centered Meredith wants everyone to belong to a clique, and goes about organizing students. She does not like the independent spirit of the four girls and plots to destroy their friendship, Cloe is an amazing soccer player. She meets Cameron and is instantly smitten, Sasha is recruited as a cheerleader. Jade joins the club, meets Dexter and designs great outfits. Yasmin joins journalism, even though her real passion is singing even though she hasnt realized yet and she also feels lonely as her friends are busy with their own cliques. She also meets Dylan who is deaf but can lip reading, the friends begin to drift apart as they are compelled to stay within their cliques. Two years later, when a food fight causes them to get detention, they realize that they miss being BFFs. In the end, there is a tie, Meredith gets the trophy, but the girls get the scholarship, which they later give to Cloe. She was originally enlisted to provide designs, choreograph the film, executive produce. This was revealed on Hey Paula, her reality show on her personal life, the film was shot from February to March 2007 at Santee Education Complex in South Los Angeles, California, while in session. Bratz was universally panned by critics and fans alike, on Rotten Tomatoes, gives the film a rating of 9%, based on 77 reviews, with an average rating 3/10. The sites critical consensus, Full of mixed messages and dubious role-models, on Metacritic, the film has a score of 21 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating generally unfavorable reviews. It was nominated for 5 Golden Raspberry Awards in 2007, in its opening weekend, the film grossed $4.2 million, finishing in 10th at the box office, making it a box office bomb. The film was released on DVD on November 27,2007, a film soundtrack entitled Bratz, Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on July 31,2007 through Geffen Records. The soundtrack featured music artists such as Ashlee Simpson, Dropping Daylight. Three singles were released prior to the release, Rainy Day by Janel Parrish, Rockstar by Prima J
Bratz: The Movie
–
Theatrical release poster
19.
Ghost in the Shell
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Ghost in the Shell is a Japanese media franchise originally published as a seinen manga series of the same name written and illustrated by Masamune Shirow. A sequel to the 1995 film, Ghost in the Shell 2,2013 saw the start of the Ghost in the Shell, Arise original video animation series, consisting of four parts through mid-2014. The series was recompiled in early 2015 as a series titled Ghost in the Shell, Arise - Alternative Architecture. An animated feature produced by most of the Arise staff, titled Ghost in the Shell. A live-action American film of the name was released on March 31,2017. Shirow has stated that he had wanted the title of his manga to be Ghost in the Shell, even in Japan. He had chosen Ghost in the Shell in homage to Arthur Koestlers The Ghost in the Machine, the level of cyberization varies from simple minimal interfaces to almost complete replacement of the brain with cybernetic parts, in cases of severe trauma. This can also be combined with various levels of prostheses, with a prosthetic body enabling a person to become a cyborg. This high level of cyberization, however, opens the brain up to attacks from highly skilled hackers, with the most dangerous being those who will hack a person to bend to their whims. The original Ghost in the Shell manga ran in Japan from April 1989 to November 1990 in Kodanshas manga anthology Young Magazine, and was released in a tankōbon volume on October 5,1991. Ghost in the Shell 2, Man-Machine Interface followed 1997 for 9 issues in Young Magazine, several art books have also been published for the manga. Two animated films based on the manga have been released. Ghost in the Shell was released in 1995 and follows the Puppet Master storyline from the manga and it was re-released in 2008 as Ghost in the Shell 2.0 with new audio and updated 3D computer graphics in certain scenes. Innocence, otherwise known as Ghost in the Shell 2, Innocence, was released in 2004, the film premiered on June 20,2015, in Japanese theaters. In 2008, DreamWorks and producer Steven Spielberg acquired the rights to produce a film adaptation of the original Ghost in the Shell manga. On January 24,2014, Rupert Sanders was announced as director, principal photography on the film began on location in Wellington, New Zealand, on February 1,2016. Principal photography began in early 2016, Ghost in the Shell premiered in Tokyo on March 16,2017, and was released in the United States on March 31,2017, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D. It received mixed reviews, with praise for its visuals and Johanssons performance and it was followed in 2004 by a second season titled Ghost in the Shell, S. A. C
Ghost in the Shell
–
Ghost in the Shell
20.
Brandon Mull
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Brandon Mull is an American author best known for the New York Times bestselling fantasy series, Fablehaven. Mull has also written The Candy Shop War, the Beyonders trilogy, Mull travels the country speaking to students, with the message that imagination can take you places. He has stated that his greatest inspirations for his stories are J. R. R. Tolkien, C. S. Lewis, Brandon Mull went to Mt. Diablo Elementary School in Clayton, California, United States. Mull then attended Pine Hollow Middle School as a student, and he currently lives in Alpine, Utah and graduated from BYU in Utah. While at BYU Mull led the sketch comedy group Divine Comedy, Mull served a two-year mission for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Chile. Brandon Mull has worked as a comedian, a clerk, a patio installer, a movie promoter, a copywriter. Brandon Mull also spearheaded a series called Spirit Animals. Each book is written by a different author, but he was given the charge to create the world where the characters will live. The first installment, written by Brandon, is called Wild Born and was released in September 2013, another series Brandon Mull has authored is called Five Kingdoms. The first book is titled Sky Raiders and was released March 11,2014, the second installment, Rogue Knight, arrived November 18,2014. The third, Crystal Keepers, also arrived on March 17,2015, the fourth, Death Weavers, was recently released on March 1,2016. Of this series, Brandon Mull says, Itll be for the kind of readers who liked Fablehaven, a Halloween spook alley turns out to be a front for slave traders taking kids into another world. Brandon announced at the launching of Spirit Animals that there is a good plan for the Fablehaven sequel series to be published in 2016. Fablehaven is currently optioned by Schaffer Studios, the movie is in the beginning/planning phase as described in a radio interview Brandon Mull did with Clark Schaffer in June 2013. Fablehaven is about siblings Seth and Kendra Sorenson who find out their grandfather and grandmother run Fablehaven, book One was released in March 2017. In the story the dragons will seek to escape the sanctuaries theyve been placed in, the only thing that can keep them under control is the order of the Dragonwatch, but most of the Dragonwatch members have died of old age. A wizard named Agad decides to seek out Grandpa Sorensen for help, Kendra and Seth will have to unite forces to become dragon tamers to keep the dragons from escaping. Wild Born tells the story of four 11-year-old kids who summon the legendary Four Fallen, the kids must work together to find the first talisman with the Greencloaks, leading to a heroic battle against the Ravens and the Conquerors
Brandon Mull
–
Mull at Mountain-Con in 2008
21.
Fablehaven
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Fablehaven is The New York Times best-selling childrens literature fantasy series written by Brandon Mull. The third book starts where the book ended, during the same summer of their second year at Fablehaven. Seth discovers that someone, or something, has released a plague that transforms beings of light into creatures of darkness, for the first time, some of the main characters visit a dragon sanctuary, as another hidden artifact must be recovered from Lost Mesa in Arizona. New characters are introduced and new magical creatures of light and darkness are confronted, when the siblings defeat the shadow plague they once again bring Fablehaven and all its inhabitants to safety. Things are heating up between the Knights of the Dawn and the Society of the Evening Star, who turn to kidnapping Kendra in an attempt to discover secrets. The race to obtain the 5 magical artifacts continues, and leads the Knights, and they face bigger challenges than theyve ever faced before, including negotiating with a wizard, an enormous evil dragon, and the biggest giant in the world. The series has had positive reviews by critics, with the release of the third book, the series was awarded a spot on the New York Times top ten best selling childrens series list. With the release of the book, the series reached as high as 4th on the list. Obert Skye, the author of Leven Thumps and the Gateway to Foo - Imagination runs wild in Fablehaven and it is a lucky book that can hold this kind of story. Columbia Daily Tribune - This story is so compelling and so well written you’ll find its magic working on you as well, completely taking over your ability to put the book down, Mull has an extraordinary writing ability. Orson Scott Card - At first glance, Fablehaven looks like a book for kids, and solitary adults who pick it up for their own enjoyment will be well rewarded. Do yourself a favor, and dont miss the first novel by a writer who is going to be a major figure in popular fantasy. Christopher Paolini, author of Eragon said, The Fablehaven books are so entertaining that I read the first three in a single sitting and they kept me turning the pages until 4,40 in the morning. Each book was better than the last, Brandon Mull is a talented new fantasy writer, and I cant wait to read more from him. The world he has created is deep, intriguing, magical, I especially liked his two main characters, Kendra and Seth. They both act like people, and unlike many fictional siblings, they help and support each other when theyre in trouble. The Fablehaven series is one of the most enjoyable fantasies Ive read in the past few years, I only wish I could have read it when I was ten or twelve. BookReview. com - Where have all the fairies gone, a preserve for magical creatures awaits your visit in Brandon Mull’s fantastical, wonderful book, “Fablehaven. ”Rowling, the fantasy genre has an outstanding new author to embrace
Fablehaven
–
Fablehaven book cover
22.
James Patterson
–
James Brendan Patterson is an American author. He is largely known for his novels about fictional psychologist Alex Cross, Patterson also wrote the Michael Bennett, Womens Murder Club, Maximum Ride, Daniel X, NYPD Red, and Witch and Wizard series, as well as many stand-alone thrillers, non-fiction and romance novels. His books have more than 300 million copies and he holds the Guinness World Record for being the first person to sell 1 million e-books. In 2016, Patterson topped Forbess list of authors for the third consecutive year. His total earnings over a decade are estimated at approximately $700 million, in November 2015, Patterson received the Literarian Award from the National Book Foundation, which cited him as a passionate campaigner to make books and reading a national priority. Patterson was born on March 22,1947 in Newburgh, New York, the son of Isabelle, a homemaker and teacher, and Charles Patterson, an insurance broker. He graduated summa cum laude with a B. A. in English from Manhattan College, Patterson was a Ph. D. candidate at Vanderbilt, but acquired a job in advertising. He was an executive at J. Walter Thompson. After he retired from advertising in 1996, he devoted his time to writing and his greatest influence, he said later, was probably Evan S. Connells 1959 debut novel Mrs. Bridge. He published his first novel in 1976 called The Thomas Berryman Number, the novels featuring his character Alex Cross, a forensic psychologist formerly of the Washington D. C. Patterson has written 147 novels since 1976 and he has had 114 New York Times bestselling novels, and holds The New York Times record for most #1 New York Times bestsellers by a single author, a total of 67, which is also a Guinness World Record. His novels account for one in 17 of all hardcover novels sold in the United States, in recent years his novels have more copies than those of Stephen King, John Grisham. His books have sold approximately 305 million copies worldwide, in 2008, he replaced Jacqueline Wilson as the most borrowed author in Britains libraries. He retained this position at least until 2013, Pattersons awards include the Edgar Award, the BCA Mystery Guilds Thriller of the Year, the International Thriller of the Year award, and the Childrens Choice Book Award for Author of the Year. He is the first author to have No.1 new titles simultaneously on The New York Times adult and childrens bestsellers lists and he appeared on the Fox TV show The Simpsons and in various episodes of Castle as himself. Of his process, he has stated that he is more proficient at dreaming up plots than crafting sentence after sentence. In September 2009, Patterson signed a deal to write or co-write 11 books for adults and 6 for young adults by the end of 2012, forbes reported the deal was worth at least $150 million, but according to Patterson the estimate was inaccurate. The PageTurner Awards were put on hold in 2008 to focus on Pattersons new initiative, ReadKiddoRead. com, which helps parents, teachers, the social networking site for ReadKiddoRead is hosted by Ning
James Patterson
–
James Patterson
23.
Uncharted
–
Uncharted is an action-adventure third-person shooter platform video game series developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation consoles. The series follows protagonist Nathan Nate Drake a charismatic yet rebellious treasure hunter who journeys across the world to various historical mysteries. A prequel Uncharted, Golden Abyss was released for Sonys PlayStation Vita handheld system in 2011, followed by the card game spin-off Uncharted, critics have likened the series of being comparable to that of Hollywood-produced action adventure films, particularly with the Indiana Jones films. Before the release of Uncharted 4, the series had sold over 28 million units, Uncharted, Drakes Fortune sees Drake travel to the Amazon and an uncharted island off the coast of South America. Uncharted 2, Among Thieves explores the snow-capped mountain landscapes of the Tibetan Plateau in southernmost China, a museum in Istanbul, the jungles of Borneo, gameplay in the Uncharted series is a combination of action-adventure elements and 3D platforming with a third-person perspective. Although a wide variety of weapons are present in the game, the player can carry a sidearm, a primary weapon such as a rifle or shotgun. These weapons are obtained by picking up weapons dropped by a foe or from those scattered around the various maps. Multiplayer gameplay, both competitive and co-operative, was introduced in the sequel, Uncharted 2, Among Thieves, the co-op multiplayer allows up to three players to take the roles of Drake and two other hero companions and features missions involving gunfights, platforming, and teamwork-based objectives. Players can also assist their comrades if they become injured or if they are grabbed by an enemy. The competitive multiplayer allows a maximum of ten players to play against each other in two teams of five, six competitive modes are featured, Deathmatch, Plunder, Team Objective, Three Team Deathmatch, Hardcore and Free For All. Deathmatch features two teams of five, with one acting as heroes and the other as villains. Players can choose their own appropriate character models, as players accrue points and rank up, they can purchase more skins for both heroes and villains. They are pursued relentlessly by pirates led by Eddy Raja and later on by a group of mercenaries led by Gabriel Roman, Uncharted 2, Among Thieves takes Drake on a journey across Nepal and the Himalayas in a search for the lost city of Shambhala. The second game introduces a multiplayer mode to the series, Uncharted 3, Drakes Deception was released in November 2011. Uncharted 4, A Thiefs End is the installment of the series. It was released on May 10,2016 and it focuses on Nathan, now a retired fortune hunter, getting forced back in the world of thieves when his long-lost—and believed to be dead—brother, Sam, appears and asks Drake for help. He embarks on a journey in pursuit of a historical conspiracy behind a fabled pirate treasure. Naughty Dog stated that A Thiefs End was Nathan Drakes final story, however, Nolan North expressed interest in continuing the series, should Sony decide to do so
Uncharted
–
During combat, the player as Nate (left) can use corners and walls as cover, and then use blind or aimed fire from cover against his opponents.
24.
Infamous (video game)
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Infamous is an action-adventure video game developed by Sucker Punch Productions and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 3. The game was released in North America on May 26,2009, in Europe on May 29,2009, in Australia on June 4,2009 and in Japan on November 5,2009. In Infamous, the controls the protagonist Cole MacGrath, a bike messenger caught in the center of an explosion that devastates several city blocks of the fictional Empire City. The explosion sends the city into chaos while Cole finds himself with new electricity-based super powers and these choices ultimately affect character growth, the reaction of the Citys populace towards Cole, and finer elements of gameplay and the story. The games pacing in the introduction of new powers and ease of movement about the city by unconventional means were critical factors during development. The desolate urban atmosphere was inspired by such as DMZ and Batman. Amon Tobin was among the artists that helped to compile its soundtrack, the game was well received by the gaming press. It was praised for many of its elements, including the implementation of Coles powers and climbing ability, reviewers commented on the repetitive nature of combat and enemies, limitations of the Karma system, and technical aspects in the graphical display. The game was offered by Sony as a download as part of their Welcome Back program. A sequel, Infamous 2, was released on June 7,2011, a third game designed specifically for the PlayStation 4, titled Infamous Second Son, was released worldwide on March 21,2014. In order for Cole to use his powers, he must have stored electrical power, the game features seventeen different electrical powers, ranging from simple bolts that do not consume Coles energy to wide-field lightning storms that drain most of Coles energy. The player can use such powers, giving the player options in certain situations, for example, the player may fire at a generator near foes to cause it to explode and cripple his opponents, then restrain them or fire at the body to kill the enemy. Due to being vivified electricity, Cole is unable to use vehicles, take up weapons, Cole easily climbs buildings and other structures and can fall a great height without taking damage. Many powers are acquired over the course of the game, once acquired the player can use experience points, awarded for actions, stunts and missions. The growth of these powers is affected by Coles current Karma level, starting in a neutral position, it ranges from Guardian to Champion to Hero on the Good side, and from Thug to Outlaw to Infamous on the Evil side. Certain actions, such as stopping to help injured citizens or draining their health to restore Coles, normal story missions may also alter the Karma level. During the game the player will encounter Karma Moments, when the action pauses, for example, one scenario the player is presented with is to either pull a valve and get a spray of tar in his face, or force a civilian to do it for him. Completion of these missions helps gain access to super powers based on the Karma level
Infamous (video game)
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Cover art
Infamous (video game)
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The player can use Cole to extract electricity from nearby power sources for later use.
Infamous (video game)
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A cutscene from Infamous, showing Cole discovering his new powers with his girlfriend Trish. The game uses comic book style cut scenes (similar to ones used in the Sly Cooper series) to extend the superhero motif further
25.
Hideo Kojima
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Hideo Kojima is a Japanese video game designer, screenwriter, director, and producer. Regarded as an auteur of video games, he is the director of Kojima Productions, which he founded in 2005, and a former vice president of Konami Digital Entertainment. Kojima is the creator, director, and writer of a number of games, most notably in the Metal Gear series of stealth games, as well as the adventure games Snatcher. He has also directed or produced games in series, including Zone of the Enders, Boktai. Kojima was born in Tokyo, Japan and moved to western Japan at the age of three and he said that early on in his life he already had to deal with death, with his father passing away when he was 13 years old. When he was young, the Kojima family moved to a city called Shirasaki. His family soon moved to Kawanishi, Hyōgo in the Kansai region, Kojima has noted that growing up he was a latchkey kid, often having to look after himself when he came home from school. Staying at home by himself in isolation still affects him to this day stating, I travel and stay at a hotel I put the TV on as soon as I enter the room, just to deal with the feeling of loneliness. He wanted to be an artist or illustrator, but he was discouraged by societal norms of Japan which favored finding safe. He was discouraged because his uncle was an artist who suffered from financial difficulties, another reason was his fathers death which left his family more financially tight. He eventually started writing stories and began to send them to Japanese magazines but was not able to get anything published. He cites that his stories were often 400 pages long while most magazines wanted their stories to be around 100 pages. Eventually, he shifted his focus to making films with his friend who had an 8mm camera, in an interview on G4s TV series Icons, Kojima describes much of his earlier career and influences for game design. Kojima grew up early in life watching movies with his parents, while studying economics in university, Kojima found himself playing video games during his free time, mainly games on the Famicom. In his fourth year in university, Kojima surprised his peers by announcing his intentions to join the game industry. He felt a career in video games would be more satisfying, the majority of his friends and peers strongly discouraged Kojima from pursuing video games due to it being a new medium that was not as respected or financially secure. His mother, however, remained supportive which gave Kojima the confidence to go ahead with his dream and he would later reflect positively upon his choice, stating, The industry was full of dropouts, people who felt like games offered them another chance. I met many people in that situation, we bonded together through that in some sense
Hideo Kojima
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Kojima at
Japan Expo 2010
26.
Metal Gear
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Metal Gear is a series of action-adventure stealth video games, created by Hideo Kojima and developed and published by Konami. The first game, Metal Gear, was released in 1987 for the MSX home computer architecture, the player takes control of a special forces operative who is assigned to find the titular superweapon Metal Gear, a bipedal walking tank with the ability to launch nuclear weapons. Several sequels have been released for multiple consoles after requests from Konami to produce new Metal Gear games, various parts were inspired by Hollywood films with characters names, settings and artworks often referencing them. As of March 2015,41.2 million copies of the franchise have been sold worldwide, with individual installments having been critically and commercially acclaimed. The franchise has also adapted into other media such as comics, novels. Snake also appeared as a guest character in Super Smash Bros, Hideo Kojima designed the original Metal Gear, which debuted in Japan and Europe in 1987 for the MSX2 computer platform. A separate team created a heavily modified Nintendo Entertainment System port of the game that was released in Japan, North America, Konami then produced an NES sequel titled Snakes Revenge—in whose development Kojima was again not involved—that was released in North America and Europe in 1990. One of that games designers became acquainted with Kojima and asked him to create a real Metal Gear sequel, in reaction, Kojima began development of Metal Gear 2, Solid Snake, which was released in Japan in 1990 for the MSX2. Following Metal Gear 2s completion, Kojima worked on projects before directing his third Metal Gear game, Metal Gear Solid. Metal Gear Solid was followed up by the sequel Metal Gear Solid 2, a remake of the original Metal Gear Solid called Metal Gear Solid, The Twin Snakes was made for the Nintendo GameCube in early 2004. Later that year, the third numbered entry, Metal Gear Solid 3 and this is the first prequel which was set prior to all the previously released Metal Gear games and which acted as an origin to the franchise. These games were followed by a sequel to Snake Eater titled Metal Gear Solid, Portable Ops, the series main storyline was concluded in Metal Gear Solid 4, Guns of the Patriots for the PlayStation 3 in 2008. The game featured a multiplayer spin-off called Metal Gear Online, in April 2010, another sequel to Snake Eater titled Metal Gear Solid, Peace Walker was released for the PlayStation Portable and was set shortly after the events of Portable Ops. The spinoff game, Metal Gear Rising, Revengeance, was released in 2013 on the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, the game is set after Guns of the Patriots and stars Raiden, the protagonist of Sons of Liberty who turned into a cyborg ninja. Metal Gear Solid V, Ground Zeroes was released on March 18,2014 for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PC, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. Ground Zeroes was much shorter than previous games and served as an introduction to the game, Metal Gear Solid V. The latest game in the series is Metal Gear Solid V, The Phantom Pain, which was released on September 1,2015 for PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PC, Xbox 360, and Xbox One. Expanded re-releases of games in the series were produced as well, such as Integral, Substance, the series portable installments are usually set outside the main storyline
Metal Gear
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Various logos from games within the series
Metal Gear
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From top to bottom, Big Boss, Liquid Snake and Solid Snake, three central characters in the Metal Gear series as drawn by
Yoji Shinkawa.
Metal Gear
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Hideo Kojima has been in charge of directing the Metal Gear games ever since the series' debut.
27.
Production I.G
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Production I. G, Inc. is a Japanese anime studio and production enterprise, founded on December 15,1987, by Mitsuhisa Ishikawa and headquartered in Musashino, Tokyo, Japan. Among its prominent works are Guilty Crown, Psycho-Pass, Eden of the East, and it is known in the video game industry for developing intros, cut-scenes, and artwork for games such as the Namco Tales Studios title, Tales of Symphonia. The letters I and G derive from the names of the founders, Mitsuhisa Ishikawa. The company is a member of The Association of Japanese Animations, initially founded as IG Tatsunoko Limited in 1987, it was a break-off branch-studio of Tatsunoko Productions which created Zillion. Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, the producer of Zillion, founded the studio to obstruct the dispersing of the excellent staffs of the Tatsunoko branch, kyoto Animation, one of the finishers of Zillion, supported Ishikawa and the IG Tatsunoko Limited was founded on December 15,1987. The IG was named after the initials of Ishikawa and Goto, the initial shareholders of the studio were Ishikawa, Goto, Hideaki Hatta and Tatsunoko Production, etc. Among Production I. Gs earliest most notable works was the feature length cinematic anime adaptation of the Patlabor story, thus, the movie Patlabor 2, released on August 1993, became the last product bearing the name IG Tatsunoko. In early 1997 Koichi Mashimo a fellow Tatsunoko employee presented an idea of his to President Ishikawa, Mashimo had conceived the idea of a small studio that could work on small productions and nurture the creative spirit of its staff members. Ishikawa liked the idea and sponsored Mashimos endeavor and studio Bee Train Animation Inc. was formed as a subsidiary company, Production I. G and Ishikawa helped supervise and produce the early productions such as PoPoLoCrois Monogatari, Wild Arms, Twilight Venom, and Arc the Lad. Along with Xebec it was the subsidiary company under I. G. In 2006, Bee Train became independent and Ishikawa stepped down as an executive in the company, the two studios would team up again in 2008 to work on Blade of the Immortal, Batman, Gotham Knight, and again in 2010 for Halo Legends. In 1998, the company incorporated to become Production I. G, following that, Production I. G merged with ING, another production company founded by the same Mitsuhisa Ishikawa, in 2000. In a Q&A session Ishikawa said, It stands for two words itsumo and genki, you should ask is that true, in reality it stands for Ishikawa, and my artist collaborator’s name Takayuki Goto, the initials of our last names. But now though I am the president, we kept the name. But I am happy to say it means Itsumo Genki, on July 4,2007, the company announced merger with Mag Garden, forming a new holding company called IG Port. 2006 saw the release of the new Mamoru Oshiis movie, Tachigui, The Amazing Lives of the Fast Food Grifters and its like my home, Oshii declared of I. G in an interview with Andrez Bergen for Japanese newspaper Daily Yomiuri. Its like Manchester for Manchester United, and Hamburg for HSV and they know the pitch in whatever condition and situations. The series was directed by Ryūtarō Nakamura and written by Chiaki J. Konaka
Production I.G
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Logo
28.
King Arthur and the Knights of Justice
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King Arthur and the Knights of Justice is an American cartoon series produced by Golden Films, C&D and Bohbot Entertainment. The series was created by Diane Eskenazi and Avi Arad who were also producers of the series. Its first episode aired on September 13,1992, and the last episode was on December 12,1993, the shows premise had King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table trapped in the Cave of Glass by the evil enchantress Queen Morgana. The wizard Merlin, unable to free King Arthur and the Knights himself, Merlin finds the quarterback of the New York Knights football team, Arthur King, as a suitable replacement. To do so, they must find the 12 Keys of Truth, once all the keys are found, the real knights will be free and the team will return home. In the meantime, they pledge. fairness to all, to protect the weak, the Knights are armed with special armor and are able to summon their respective creatures at any time when in battle armor. These animals, such as King Arthurs dragon, are emblazoned on their shields, the series had a progressive story with both sides making progress towards their goals. Despite the continual movement towards a resolution, the series is incomplete, King Arthur – The quarterback of his football team, The Knights, in his own time, Arthur uses his natural leadership skill in battle against Morganas Warlords. While seeking Merlins counsel at times, Arthur usually comes up with clever strategies and his shield houses the Dragon of Justice, a wyvern which can be unleashed to do his bidding when he needs it. The dragon was the family crest of the original Arthur of legend and he stores the great sword Excalibur in his chestplate, rather than a sheath. His horses name is mentioned once as being Valor, Sir Lancelot – Lance is the second-in-command of the knights and Arthurs best friend. Fearless and brave, Lance is usually the most serious of the knights, Sir Tone – Tone is the teams inventor and blacksmith. He invents many machines based on ones hes seen in his own time, tones real name is Anthony, and he speaks with an Italian accent. His chestplate houses a hammer and chisel with which he can build almost anything, Sir Trunk – The knights strongman. His shield contains a giant ram strong enough to break down walls, Sir Wally – A guard for The Knights football team, as a true knight his job is now to protect Arthur during attacks. Good natured, but takes it hard when he makes mistakes, Sir Brick is his best friend. His shield emblem is a falcon, Sir Brick – Like Wally, Brick is usually used as Arthurs bodyguard. He has unwavering loyalty to his friends, including his best friend and he is able to call an apparently unlimited supply of bricks out of his chest plate and create massive walls from them at will
King Arthur and the Knights of Justice
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Cover of the
Image Entertainment DVD release
29.
Iron Man (1994 TV series)
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Iron Man, also known as Iron Man, The Animated Series, is an American animated television series based on Marvel Comics superhero Iron Man. The show was backed by a toy line that featured many armor variants and this series of Iron Man was among the few television series to be re-recorded in THX. This may have been usual at the time for a motion picture, off the heels of the release of the live-action Iron Man film in 2008, reruns began airing on the Jetix block on Toon Disney. Additionally, all 26 episodes are available for streaming through LoveFilm. Although only lasting two seasons, Iron Man was the subject of an overhaul between seasons when its production studio was changed. The result was a massively changed premise, tone, and general approach, to combat these villains, Iron Man had the help of his own team, including Century, War Machine, Scarlet Witch, Hawkeye and Spider Woman. The season consisted mostly of single-episode open-and-shut-case adventures, with two two-part stories late towards the end. The closest the season came to adapting a comic book tale was in the two-part The Origin of Iron Man, a small sub-plot in the first season revolves around Mandarin secretly spying on Force Works. In 1995, Marvel switched The Marvel Action Hour to a new animation studio, the first seasons subtle keyboard theme music for Iron Man was replaced in the second season by an intense electric guitar theme, featuring the repeated refrain of I am Iron Man. While showing Tony Stark beating red-hot iron plates into shape with a blacksmiths hammer. Tony Starks longer hair style in the season was based upon the artist Mark Brights depiction of Stark from the late 1980s. The new story lines spanned multiple episodes and were no longer open and they formed a linking narrative, featuring themes of duplicity, consequence, and phobias. Also, the stories were no longer centered on the Mandarin, whose rings had been scattered, while the Mandarin did appear in these episodes, his appearances were reduced to cameos in the cliffhangers at the end of the story, as he tried to retrieve each ring. This split would be revisited with Starks ensuing conflicts with Hawkeye over the course of several episodes, also, War Machine develops a phobia of being trapped inside his armor, but this is resolved before the final episode. Rhodes eventually overcomes his fear and dons the War Machine armor once again in the episode Distant Boundaries, prior to finding his last two rings, the Mandarin claims his eighth ring from MODOK in the episode Empowered. Empowered was the show of the season, the purpose being that the Mandarin wanted to learn of Iron Mans recent activities. In the finale, the Mandarin, having regained all of his rings, Iron Man reunites with Force Works in order to stop him. The Mandarin unmasks Iron Man before their final showdown ends in his death, after Mandarin was killed, MODOK and the rest of Mandarins henchmen were sent to jail
Iron Man (1994 TV series)
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The title design for Season 1 of Iron Man.
Iron Man (1994 TV series)
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Iron Man 's design on the first season of his 1990s animated series.
Iron Man (1994 TV series)
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Iron Man's second season design.
30.
Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)
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Fantastic Four, also known as Fantastic Four, The Animated Series, is the third animated television series based on Marvels comic book series of the same name. Airing began on September 24,1994, until ending on February 24,1996, the series ran for 2 seasons, with 13 episodes per season, making 26 episodes in total. The first half of the hour was an episode of Iron Man, during the first season, Stan Lee was featured speaking before each show about characters in the following episode and what had inspired him to create them. The show also aired on Fox Kids while most recently aired late night on weekends on Disney XD in the United States. The vast majority of episodes in the first season consisted of fairly accurate re-tellings and re-interpretations of classic 1960s FF comic book stories by Stan Lee, in The Origin of the Fantastic Four, Puppet Master took control of the Thing and used him to capture Invisible Woman. Mister Fantastic freed the Thing from his control and defeated the Puppet Master, upon returning to his apartment to reclaim his final doll, he ended up in a fight with Alicia Masters, and then he apparently fell to his death from the apartment window. The Fantastic Four werent able to find his body and claimed that he vanished from Earth, in The Silver Surfer & the Coming of Galactus, the Silver Surfer, Firelord, and Terrax fight the Fantastic Four while Galactus attempts to feed on Earth. By Season 2 however, all but the presence of Silver Surfer in that battle is ignored as Terrax is seen again, in the episode When Calls Galactus, Terrax is killed/turned into a worm and Nova becomes the new herald of Galatcus. In Mask of Doom, Doctor Doom captured the Fantastic Four and forced Mister Fantastic, Human Torch, and the Thing to go back in time and obtain an object for him. In the aforementioned episode Silver Surfer and the Return of Galactus, Doom steals the Silver Surfers powers and tries to steal Galactus powers, not only that, Four Freedoms Plaza replaced the Baxter Building as the Fantastic Fours home base in Season 2. The Season 2 episodes also drew upon John Byrne’s 1980s run on the Fantastic Four comic, in addition to further Lee, in the season premiere episode And a Blind Man Shall Lead Them, Doctor Doom struck at a powerless FF and had his hand crushed by the Thing. Doom would next appear in Nightmare in Green where he directed Hulk to attack the team, Wizard appeared in the episode And the Wind Cries Medusa. In his appearance, he assembled Medusa, Hydro-Man, and Trapster to form the Frightful Four, on a related note, this episode aired one week from Hydro-Mans debut appearance in Spider-Man Wizard also used a device to control the Thing. Meanwhile, Crystal, along with the other Inhumans Black Bolt, Gorgon, Karnak, after escaping the Negative Barrier, Crystal went on to become the girlfriend of the Human Torch. Seeker appears in the episode Inhumans Saga, Beware the Hidden Land and he was sent by Maximus the Mad to retrieve the Inhuman Royal Family. After saving the Fantastic Four from the explosion, Seeker briefly shared the history of the Inhumans to them before dropping them off somewhere, Susan Richards as Malice appeared in the episode Worlds Within Worlds. Malices appearance was the result of Psycho-Man using his powers to make Susan turn against her Fantastic Four teammates, eventually, Susan was freed of Psycho-Mans influence and defeated him. The Black Panther appears in the Prey of the Black Panther and he lures the Fantastic Four to Wakanda to see if they are worthy enough to help fight Klaw
Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)
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The cover for the DVD release.
Fantastic Four (1994 TV series)
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The Season 1 title design.
